@article{ViljurAbellaAdameketal.2022,
  author    = {Viljur, Mari-Liis and Abella, Scott R. and Ad{\´a}mek, Martin and Alencar, Janderson Batista Rodrigues and Barber, Nicholas A. and Beudert, Burkhard and Burkle, Laura A. and Cagnolo, Luciano and Campos, Brent R. and Chao, Anne and Chergui, Brahim and Choi, Chang-Yong and Cleary, Daniel F. R. and Davis, Thomas Seth and Dechnik-V{\´a}zquez, Yanus A. and Downing, William M. and Fuentes-Ramirez, Andr{\´e}s and Gandhi, Kamal J. K. and Gehring, Catherine and Georgiev, Kostadin B. and Gimbutas, Mark and Gongalsky, Konstantin B. and Gorbunova, Anastasiya Y. and Greenberg, Cathryn H. and Hylander, Kristoffer and Jules, Erik S. and Korobushkin, Daniil I. and K{\"o}ster, Kajar and Kurth, Valerie and Lanham, Joseph Drew and Lazarina, Maria and Leverkus, Alexandro B. and Lindenmayer, David and Marra, Daniel Magnabosco and Mart{\´i}n-Pinto, Pablo and Meave, Jorge A. and Moretti, Marco and Nam, Hyun-Young and Obrist, Martin K. and Petanidou, Theodora and Pons, Pere and Potts, Simon G. and Rapoport, Irina B. and Rhoades, Paul R. and Richter, Clark and Saifutdinov, Ruslan A. and Sanders, Nathan J. and Santos, Xavier and Steel, Zachary and Tavella, Julia and Wendenburg, Clara and Wermelinger, Beat and Zaitsev, Andrey S. and Thorn, Simon},
  title     = {The effect of natural disturbances on forest biodiversity: an ecological synthesis},
  series = {Biological Reviews},
  volume    = {97},
  journal   = {Biological Reviews},
  number    = {5},
  doi       = {10.1111/brv.12876},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-287168},
  pages     = {1930 -- 1947},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Disturbances alter biodiversity via their specific characteristics, including severity and extent in the landscape, which act at different temporal and spatial scales. Biodiversity response to disturbance also depends on the community characteristics and habitat requirements of species. Untangling the mechanistic interplay of these factors has guided disturbance ecology for decades, generating mixed scientific evidence of biodiversity responses to disturbance. Understanding the impact of natural disturbances on biodiversity is increasingly important due to human-induced changes in natural disturbance regimes. In many areas, major natural forest disturbances, such as wildfires, windstorms, and insect outbreaks, are becoming more frequent, intense, severe, and widespread due to climate change and land-use change. Conversely, the suppression of natural disturbances threatens disturbance-dependent biota. Using a meta-analytic approach, we analysed a global data set (with most sampling concentrated in temperate and boreal secondary forests) of species assemblages of 26 taxonomic groups, including plants, animals, and fungi collected from forests affected by wildfires, windstorms, and insect outbreaks. The overall effect of natural disturbances on α-diversity did not differ significantly from zero, but some taxonomic groups responded positively to disturbance, while others tended to respond negatively. Disturbance was beneficial for taxonomic groups preferring conditions associated with open canopies (e.g. hymenopterans and hoverflies), whereas ground-dwelling groups and/or groups typically associated with shady conditions (e.g. epigeic lichens and mycorrhizal fungi) were more likely to be negatively impacted by disturbance. Across all taxonomic groups, the highest α-diversity in disturbed forest patches occurred under moderate disturbance severity, i.e. with approximately 55\% of trees killed by disturbance. We further extended our meta-analysis by applying a unified diversity concept based on Hill numbers to estimate α-diversity changes in different taxonomic groups across a gradient of disturbance severity measured at the stand scale and incorporating other disturbance features. We found that disturbance severity negatively affected diversity for Hill number q = 0 but not for q = 1 and q = 2, indicating that diversity-disturbance relationships are shaped by species relative abundances. Our synthesis of α-diversity was extended by a synthesis of disturbance-induced change in species assemblages, and revealed that disturbance changes the β-diversity of multiple taxonomic groups, including some groups that were not affected at the α-diversity level (birds and woody plants). Finally, we used mixed rarefaction/extrapolation to estimate biodiversity change as a function of the proportion of forests that were disturbed, i.e. the disturbance extent measured at the landscape scale. The comparison of intact and naturally disturbed forests revealed that both types of forests provide habitat for unique species assemblages, whereas species diversity in the mixture of disturbed and undisturbed forests peaked at intermediate values of disturbance extent in the simulated landscape. Hence, the relationship between α-diversity and disturbance severity in disturbed forest stands was strikingly similar to the relationship between species richness and disturbance extent in a landscape consisting of both disturbed and undisturbed forest habitats. This result suggests that both moderate disturbance severity and moderate disturbance extent support the highest levels of biodiversity in contemporary forest landscapes.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FuxArndtLangenmayeretal.2019,
  author    = {Fux, Robert and Arndt, Daniela and Langenmayer, Martin C. and Schwaiger, Julia and Ferling, Hermann and Fischer, Nicole and Indenbirken, Daniela and Grundhoff, Adam and D{\"o}lken, Lars and Adamek, Mikolaj and Steinhagen, Dieter and Sutter, Gerd},
  title     = {Piscine orthoreovirus 3 is not the causative pathogen of proliferative darkening syndrome (PDS) of brown trout (Salmo trutta fario)},
  series = {Viruses},
  volume    = {11},
  journal   = {Viruses},
  number    = {2},
  issn      = {1999-4915},
  doi       = {10.3390/v11020112},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-196991},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {The proliferative darkening syndrome (PDS) is a lethal disease of brown trout (Salmo trutta fario) which occurs in several alpine Bavarian limestone rivers. Because mortality can reach 100\%, PDS is a serious threat for affected fish populations. Recently, Kuehn and colleagues reported that a high throughput RNA sequencing approach identified a piscine orthoreovirus (PRV) as a causative agent of PDS. We investigated samples from PDS-affected fish obtained from two exposure experiments performed at the river Iller in 2008 and 2009. Using a RT-qPCR and a well-established next-generation RNA sequencing pipeline for pathogen detection, PRV-specific RNA was not detectable in PDS fish from 2009. In contrast, PRV RNA was readily detectable in several organs from diseased fish in 2008. However, similar virus loads were detectable in the control fish which were not exposed to Iller water and did not show any signs of the disease. Therefore, we conclude that PRV is not the causative agent of PDS of brown trout in the rhithral region of alpine Bavarian limestone rivers. The abovementioned study by Kuehn used only samples from the exposure experiment from 2008 and detected a subclinical PRV bystander infection. Work is ongoing to identify the causative agent of PDS.},
  language  = {en}
}