@article{SunAnhaltSarosietal.2022,
  author    = {Sun, Meng-Jia and Anhalt, Olga and S{\´a}rosi, Menyh{\´a}rt B. and Stolte, Matthias and W{\"u}rthner, Frank},
  title     = {Activating Organic Phosphorescence via Heavy Metal-π Interaction Induced Intersystem Crossing},
  series = {Advanced Materials},
  volume    = {34},
  journal   = {Advanced Materials},
  number    = {51},
  doi       = {10.1002/adma.202207331},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-312248},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Heavy-atom-containing clusters, nanocrystals, and other semiconductors can sensitize the triplet states of their surface-bonded chromophores, but the energy loss, such as nonradiative deactivation, often prevents the synergistic light emission in their solid-state coassemblies. Cocrystallization allows new combinations of molecules with complementary properties for achieving functionalities not available in single components. Here, the cocrystal formation that employs platinum(II) acetylacetonate (Pt(acac)\(_{2}\)) as a triplet sensitizer and electron-deficient 1,4,5,8-naphthalene diimides (NDIs) as organic phosphors is reported. The hybrid cocrystals exhibit room-temperature phosphorescence confined in the low-lying, long-lived triplet state of NDIs with photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield (Φ\(_{PL}\)) exceeding 25\% and a phosphorescence lifetime (τ\(_{Ph}\)) of 156 µs. This remarkable PL property benefits from the noncovalent electronic and spin-orbital coupling between the constituents.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{StolteHechtXieetal.2020,
  author    = {Stolte, Matthias and Hecht, Reinhard and Xie, Zengqi and Liu, Linlin and Kaufmann, Christina and Kudzus, Astrid and Schmidt, David and W{\"u}rthner, Frank},
  title     = {Crystal Engineering of 1D Exciton Systems Composed of Single- and Double-Stranded Perylene Bisimide J-Aggregates},
  series = {Advanced Optical Materials},
  volume    = {8},
  journal   = {Advanced Optical Materials},
  number    = {18},
  doi       = {10.1002/adom.202000926},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-218221},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Single crystals of three at bay area tetraphenoxy-substituted perylene bisimide dyes are grown by vacuum sublimation. X-ray analysis reveals the self-assembly of these highly twisted perylene bisimides (PBIs) in the solid state via imide-imide hydrogen bonding into hydrogen-bonded PBI chains. The crystallographic insights disclose that the conformation and sterical congestion imparted by the phenoxy substituents can be controlled by ortho-substituents. Accordingly, whilst sterically less demanding methyl and isopropyl substituents afford double-stranded PBI chains of complementary P and M atropo-enantiomers, single hydrogen-bonded chains of homochiral PBIs are observed for the sterically more demanding ortho-phenyl substituents. Investigation of the absorption and fluorescence properties of microcrystals and thin films of these PBIs allow for an unambiguous interpretation of these exciton systems. Thus, the J-aggregates of the double-stranded crystals exhibit a much larger (negative) exciton coupling than the single-stranded one, which in contrast has the higher solid-state fluorescence quantum yield.},
  language  = {en}
}
@unpublished{StennettBissingerGriesbecketal.2019,
  author    = {Stennett, Tom E. and Bissinger, Philipp and Griesbeck, Stefanie and Ullrich, Stefan and Krummenacher, Ivo and Auth, Michael and Sperlich, Andreas and Stolte, Matthias and Radacki, Krzysztof and Yao, Chang-Jiang and W{\"u}rthner, Frank and Steffen, Andreas and Marder, Todd B. and Braunschweig, Holger},
  title     = {Near-Infrared Quadrupolar Chromophores Combining Three-Coordinate Boron-Based Superdonor and Superacceptor Units},
  series = {Angewandte Chemie, International Edition},
  journal   = {Angewandte Chemie, International Edition},
  doi       = {10.1002/anie.201900889},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-180391},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {In this work, two new quadrupolar A-π-D-π-A chromophores have been prepared featuring a strongly electron- donating diborene core and strongly electron-accepting dimesitylboryl F(BMes2) and bis(2,4,6-tris(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)boryl (BMes2) end groups. Analysis of the compounds by NMR spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography, cyclic voltammetry and UV-vis-NIR absorption and emission spectroscopy indicated that the compounds possess extended conjugated π-systems spanning their B4C8 cores. The combination of exceptionally potent π-donor (diborene) and π- acceptor (diarylboryl) groups, both based on trigonal boron, leads to very small HOMO-LUMO gaps, resulting in strong absorption in the near-IR region with maxima in THF at 840 and 1092 nm, respectively, and very high extinction coefficients of ca. 120,000 M-1cm-1. Both molecules also display weak near-IR fluorescence with small Stokes shifts.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchmidtStolteSuessetal.2019,
  author    = {Schmidt, David and Stolte, Matthias and S{\"u}ß, Jasmin and Liess, Dr. Andreas and Stepanenko, Vladimir and W{\"u}rthner, Frank},
  title     = {Protein-like enwrapped perylene bisimide chromophore as bright microcrystalline emitter material},
  series = {Angewandte Chemie International Edition},
  volume    = {58},
  journal   = {Angewandte Chemie International Edition},
  number    = {38},
  doi       = {10.1002/ange.201907618},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-204809},
  pages     = {13385-13389},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {Strongly emissive solid-state materials are mandatory components for many emerging optoelectronic technologies, but fluorescence is often quenched in the solid state owing to strong intermolecular interactions. The design of new organic pigments, which retain their optical properties despite their high tendency to crystallize, could overcome such limitations. Herein, we show a new material with monomer-like absorption and emission profiles as well as fluorescence quantum yields over 90 \% in its crystalline solid state. The material was synthesized by attaching two bulky tris(4-tert-butylphenyl)phenoxy substituents at the perylene bisimide bay positions. These substituents direct a packing arrangement with full enwrapping of the chromophore and unidirectional chromophore alignment within the crystal lattice to afford optical properties that resemble those of their natural pigment counterparts, in which chromophores are rigidly embedded in protein environments.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchembriKimLiessetal.2021,
  author    = {Schembri, Tim and Kim, Jin Hong and Liess, Andreas and Stepanenko, Vladimir and Stolte, Matthias and W{\"u}rthner, Frank},
  title     = {Semitransparent Layers of Social Self-Sorting Merocyanine Dyes for Ultranarrow Bandwidth Organic Photodiodes},
  series = {Advanced Optical Materials},
  volume    = {9},
  journal   = {Advanced Optical Materials},
  number    = {15},
  doi       = {10.1002/adom.202100213},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-244762},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Two dipolar merocyanines consisting of the same π-conjugated chromophore but different alkyl substituents adopt very different packing arrangements in their respective solid state with either H- or J-type exciton coupling, leading to ultranarrow absorption bands at 477 and 750 nm, respectively, due to exchange narrowing. The social self-sorting behavior of these push-pull chromophores in their mixed thin films is evaluated and the impact on morphology as well as opto-electronical properties is determined. The implementation of this well-tuned two-component material with tailored optical features allows to optimize planar heterojunction organic photodiodes with fullerene ​(C\(_{60}\)) with either dual or single wavelength selectivity in the blue and NIR spectral range with ultranarrow bandwidths of only 11 nm (200 cm\(^{-1}\)) and an external quantum efficiency of up to 18\% at 754 nm under 0 V bias. The application of these photodiodes as low-power consuming heart rate monitors is demonstrated by a reflectance-mode photoplethysmography (PPG) sensor.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{RennerStolteWuerthner2020,
  author    = {Renner, Rebecca and Stolte, Matthias and W{\"u}rthner, Frank},
  title     = {Self-Assembly of bowl-shaped naphthalimide-annulated corannulene},
  series = {ChemistryOpen},
  volume    = {9},
  journal   = {ChemistryOpen},
  number    = {1},
  doi       = {10.1002/open.201900291},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-204396},
  pages     = {32-39},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {The self-assembly of a bowl-shaped naphthalimide-annulated corannulene of high solubility has been studied in a variety of solvents by NMR and UV/Vis spectroscopy. Evaluation by the anti-cooperative K\(_2\)-K model revealed the formation of supramolecular dimers of outstanding thermodynamic stability. Further structural proof for the almost exclusive formation of dimers over extended aggregates is demonstrated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and diffusion ordered spectroscopy (DOSY) measurements as well as by theoretical calculations. Thus, herein we present the first report of a supramolecular dimer of an annulated corannulene derivative in solution and discuss its extraordinarily high thermodynamic stability with association constants up to > 10\(^6\)M\(^-\) \(^1\) in methylcyclohexane, which is comparable to the association constants given for planar phthalocyanine and perylene bisimide dyes.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{RennerMahlmeisterAnhaltetal.2021,
  author    = {Renner, Rebecca and Mahlmeister, Bernhard and Anhalt, Olga and Stolte, Matthias and W{\"u}rthner, Frank},
  title     = {Chiral Perylene Bisimide Dyes by Interlocked Arene Substituents in the Bay Area},
  series = {Chemistry - A European Journal},
  volume    = {27},
  journal   = {Chemistry - A European Journal},
  number    = {46},
  doi       = {10.1002/chem.202101877},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-249070},
  pages     = {11997 -- 12006},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {A series of perylene bisimide (PBI) dyes bearing various aryl substituents in 1,6,7,12 bay positions has been synthesized by Suzuki cross-coupling reaction. These molecules exhibit an exceptionally large and conformationally fixed twist angle of the PBI π-core due to the high steric congestion imparted by the aryl substituents in bay positions. Single crystal X-ray analyses of phenyl-, naphthyl- and pyrenyl-functionalized PBIs reveal interlocked π-π-stacking motifs, leading to conformational chirality and the possibility for the isolation of enantiopure atropoisomers by semipreparative HPLC. The interlocked arrangement endows these molecules with substantial racemization barriers of about 120 kJ mol\(^{-1}\) for the tetraphenyl- and tetra-2-naphthyl-substituted derivatives, which is among the highest racemization barriers for axially chiral PBIs. Variable temperature NMR studies reveal the presence of a multitude of up to fourteen conformational isomers in solution that are interconverted via smaller activation barriers of about 65 kJ mol\(^{-1}\). The redox and optical properties of these core-twisted PBIs have been characterized by cyclic voltammetry, UV/Vis/NIR and fluorescence spectroscopy and their respective atropo-enantiomers were further characterized by circular dichroism (CD) and circular polarized luminescence (CPL) spectroscopy.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{PeseschkianCordtsGuentheretal.2021,
  author    = {Peseschkian, Tara and Cordts, Isabell and G{\"u}nther, Ren{\´e} and Stolte, Benjamin and Zeller, Daniel and Schr{\"o}ter, Carsten and Weyen, Ute and Regensburger, Martin and Wolf, Joachim and Schneider, Ilka and Hermann, Andreas and Metelmann, Moritz and Kohl, Zacharias and Linker, Ralf A. and Koch, Jan Christoph and B{\"u}chner, Boriana and Weiland, Ulrike and Sch{\"o}nfelder, Erik and Heinrich, Felix and Osmanovic, Alma and Klopstock, Thomas and Dorst, Johannes and Ludolph, Albert C. and Boentert, Matthias and Hagenacker, Tim and Deschauer, Marcus and Lingor, Paul and Petri, Susanne and Schreiber-Katz, Olivia},
  title     = {A nation-wide, multi-center study on the quality of life of ALS patients in Germany},
  series = {Brain Sciences},
  volume    = {11},
  journal   = {Brain Sciences},
  number    = {3},
  issn      = {2076-3425},
  doi       = {10.3390/brainsci11030372},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-234147},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Improving quality of life (QoL) is central to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) treatment. This Germany-wide, multicenter cross-sectional study analyses the impact of different symptom-specific treatments and ALS variants on QoL. Health-related QoL (HRQoL) in 325 ALS patients was assessed using the Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Assessment Questionnaire 5 (ALSAQ-5) and EuroQol Five Dimension Five Level Scale (EQ-5D-5L), together with disease severity (captured by the revised ALS Functional Rating Scale (ALSFRS-R)) and the current care and therapies used by our cohort. At inclusion, the mean ALSAQ-5 total score was 56.93 (max. 100, best = 0) with a better QoL associated with a less severe disease status (β = -1.96 per increase of one point in the ALSFRS-R score, p < 0.001). "Limb-onset" ALS (lALS) was associated with a better QoL than "bulbar-onset" ALS (bALS) (mean ALSAQ-5 total score 55.46 versus 60.99, p = 0.040). Moreover, with the ALSFRS-R as a covariate, using a mobility aid (β = -7.60, p = 0.001), being tracheostomized (β = -14.80, p = 0.004) and using non-invasive ventilation (β = -5.71, p = 0.030) were associated with an improved QoL, compared to those at the same disease stage who did not use these aids. In contrast, antidepressant intake (β = 5.95, p = 0.007), and increasing age (β = 0.18, p = 0.023) were predictors of worse QoL. Our results showed that the ALSAQ-5 was better-suited for ALS patients than the EQ-5D-5L. Further, the early and symptom-specific clinical management and supply of assistive devices can significantly improve the individual HRQoL of ALS patients. Appropriate QoL questionnaires are needed to monitor the impact of treatment to provide the best possible and individualized care.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MuellerSpenstKagereretal.2022,
  author    = {M{\"u}ller, Ulrich and Spenst, Peter and Kagerer, Philipp and Stolte, Matthias and W{\"u}rthner, Frank and Pflaum, Jens},
  title     = {Photon-Correlation Studies on Multichromophore Macrocycles of Perylene Dyes},
  series = {Advanced Optical Materials},
  volume    = {10},
  journal   = {Advanced Optical Materials},
  number    = {14},
  doi       = {10.1002/adom.202200234},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-287219},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Organic dyes offer unique properties for their application as room temperature single photon emitters. By means of photon-correlation, the emission characteristics of macrocyclic para-xylylene linked perylene bisimide (PBI) trimers and tetramers dispersed in polymethyl methacrylate matrices are analyzed. The optical data indicate that, despite of the strong emission enhancement of PBI trimers and tetramers according to their larger number of chromophores, the photon-correlation statistics still obeys that of single photon emitters. Moreover, driving PBI trimers and tetramers at higher excitation powers, saturated emission behavior for monomers is found while macrocycle emission is still far-off saturation but shows enhanced fluctuations. This observation is attributed to fast singlet-singlet annihilation, i.e., faster than the radiative lifetime of the excited S1 state, and the enlarged number of conformational arrangements of multichromophores in the polymeric host. Finally, embedding trimeric PBI macrocycles in active organic light-emitting diode matrices, electrically driven bright fluorescence together with an indication for antibunching at room temperature can be detected. This, so far, has only been observed for phosphorescent emitters that feature much longer lifetimes of the excited states and, thus, smaller radiative recombination rates. The results are discussed in the context of possible effects on the g(2) behavior of molecular emitters.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MenekseRennerMahlmeisteretal.2020,
  author    = {Menekse, Kaan and Renner, Rebecca and Mahlmeister, Bernhard and Stolte, Matthias and W{\"u}rthner, Frank},
  title     = {Bowl-shaped naphthalimide-annulated corannulene as nonfullerene acceptor in organic solar cells},
  series = {Organic Materials},
  volume    = {2},
  journal   = {Organic Materials},
  number    = {3},
  issn      = {2625-1825},
  doi       = {10.1055/s-0040-1714283},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-299095},
  pages     = {229-234},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {An electron-poor bowl-shaped naphthalimide-annulated corannulene with branched alkyl residues in the imide position was synthesized by a palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling annulation sequence. This dipolar compound exhibits strong absorption in the visible range along with a low-lying LUMO level at -3.85 eV, enabling n-type charge transport in organic thin-film transistors. Furthermore, we processed inverted bulk-heterojunction solar cells in combination with the two donor polymers PCE-10 and PM6 to achieve open-circuit voltages up to 1.04 V. By using a blend of the self-assembled naphthalimide-annulated corannulene and PCE-10, we were able to obtain a power conversion efficiency of up to 2.1\%, which is to the best of our knowledge the highest reported value for a corannulene-based organic solar cell to date.},
  language  = {en}
}