@article{MuellerSpenstKagereretal.2022,
  author    = {M{\"u}ller, Ulrich and Spenst, Peter and Kagerer, Philipp and Stolte, Matthias and W{\"u}rthner, Frank and Pflaum, Jens},
  title     = {Photon-Correlation Studies on Multichromophore Macrocycles of Perylene Dyes},
  series = {Advanced Optical Materials},
  volume    = {10},
  journal   = {Advanced Optical Materials},
  number    = {14},
  doi       = {10.1002/adom.202200234},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-287219},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Organic dyes offer unique properties for their application as room temperature single photon emitters. By means of photon-correlation, the emission characteristics of macrocyclic para-xylylene linked perylene bisimide (PBI) trimers and tetramers dispersed in polymethyl methacrylate matrices are analyzed. The optical data indicate that, despite of the strong emission enhancement of PBI trimers and tetramers according to their larger number of chromophores, the photon-correlation statistics still obeys that of single photon emitters. Moreover, driving PBI trimers and tetramers at higher excitation powers, saturated emission behavior for monomers is found while macrocycle emission is still far-off saturation but shows enhanced fluctuations. This observation is attributed to fast singlet-singlet annihilation, i.e., faster than the radiative lifetime of the excited S1 state, and the enlarged number of conformational arrangements of multichromophores in the polymeric host. Finally, embedding trimeric PBI macrocycles in active organic light-emitting diode matrices, electrically driven bright fluorescence together with an indication for antibunching at room temperature can be detected. This, so far, has only been observed for phosphorescent emitters that feature much longer lifetimes of the excited states and, thus, smaller radiative recombination rates. The results are discussed in the context of possible effects on the g(2) behavior of molecular emitters.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KimSchembriBialasetal.2022,
  author    = {Kim, Jin Hong and Schembri, Tim and Bialas, David and Stolte, Matthias and W{\"u}rthner, Frank},
  title     = {Slip-Stacked J-Aggregate Materials for Organic Solar Cells and Photodetectors},
  series = {Advanced Materials},
  volume    = {34},
  journal   = {Advanced Materials},
  number    = {22},
  doi       = {10.1002/adma.202104678},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-276537},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Dye-dye interactions affect the optical and electronic properties in organic semiconductor films of light harvesting and detecting optoelectronic applications. This review elaborates how to tailor these properties of organic semiconductors for organic solar cells (OSCs) and organic photodiodes (OPDs). While these devices rely on similar materials, the demands for their optical properties are rather different, the former requiring a broad absorption spectrum spanning from the UV over visible up to the near-infrared region and the latter an ultra-narrow absorption spectrum at a specific, targeted wavelength. In order to design organic semiconductors satisfying these demands, fundamental insights on the relationship of optical properties are provided depending on molecular packing arrangement and the resultant electronic coupling thereof. Based on recent advancements in the theoretical understanding of intermolecular interactions between slip-stacked dyes, distinguishing classical J-aggregates with predominant long-range Coulomb coupling from charge transfer (CT)-mediated or -coupled J-aggregates, whose red-shifts are primarily governed by short-range orbital interactions, is suggested. Within this framework, the relationship between aggregate structure and functional properties of representative classes of dye aggregates is analyzed for the most advanced OSCs and wavelength-selective OPDs, providing important insights into the rational design of thin-film optoelectronic materials.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SunAnhaltSarosietal.2022,
  author    = {Sun, Meng-Jia and Anhalt, Olga and S{\´a}rosi, Menyh{\´a}rt B. and Stolte, Matthias and W{\"u}rthner, Frank},
  title     = {Activating Organic Phosphorescence via Heavy Metal-π Interaction Induced Intersystem Crossing},
  series = {Advanced Materials},
  volume    = {34},
  journal   = {Advanced Materials},
  number    = {51},
  doi       = {10.1002/adma.202207331},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-312248},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Heavy-atom-containing clusters, nanocrystals, and other semiconductors can sensitize the triplet states of their surface-bonded chromophores, but the energy loss, such as nonradiative deactivation, often prevents the synergistic light emission in their solid-state coassemblies. Cocrystallization allows new combinations of molecules with complementary properties for achieving functionalities not available in single components. Here, the cocrystal formation that employs platinum(II) acetylacetonate (Pt(acac)\(_{2}\)) as a triplet sensitizer and electron-deficient 1,4,5,8-naphthalene diimides (NDIs) as organic phosphors is reported. The hybrid cocrystals exhibit room-temperature phosphorescence confined in the low-lying, long-lived triplet state of NDIs with photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield (Φ\(_{PL}\)) exceeding 25\% and a phosphorescence lifetime (τ\(_{Ph}\)) of 156 µs. This remarkable PL property benefits from the noncovalent electronic and spin-orbital coupling between the constituents.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BoldStolteShoyamaetal.2022,
  author    = {Bold, Kevin and Stolte, Matthias and Shoyama, Kazutaka and Holzapfel, Marco and Schmiedel, Alexander and Lambert, Christoph and W{\"u}rthner, Frank},
  title     = {Macrocyclic donor-acceptor dyads composed of a perylene bisimide dye surrounded by oligothiophene bridges},
  series = {Angewandte Chemie Internationale Edition},
  volume    = {61},
  journal   = {Angewandte Chemie Internationale Edition},
  number    = {1},
  doi       = {10.1002/anie.202113598},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-256569},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Two macrocyclic architectures comprising oligothiophene strands that connect the imide positions of a perylene bisimide (PBI) dye have been synthesized via a platinum-mediated cross-coupling strategy. The crystal structure of the double bridged PBI reveals all syn-arranged thiophene units that completely enclose the planar PBI chromophore via a 12-membered macrocycle. The target structures were characterized by steady-state UV/Vis absorption, fluorescence and transient absorption spectroscopy, as well as cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry. Both donor-acceptor dyads show ultrafast F{\"o}rster Resonance Energy Transfer and photoinduced electron transfer, thereby leading to extremely low fluorescence quantum yields even in the lowest polarity cyclohexane solvent.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BoldStolteShoyamaetal.2022,
  author    = {Bold, Kevin and Stolte, Matthias and Shoyama, Kazutaka and Krause, Ana-Maria and Schmiedel, Alexander and Holzapfel, Marco and Lambert, Christoph and W{\"u}rthner, Frank},
  title     = {Macrocyclic Donor-Acceptor Dyads Composed of Oligothiophene Half-Cycles and Perylene Bisimides},
  series = {Chemistry - A European Journal},
  volume    = {28},
  journal   = {Chemistry - A European Journal},
  number    = {30},
  doi       = {10.1002/chem.202200355},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-276435},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {A series of donor-acceptor (D-A) macrocyclic dyads consisting of an electron-poor perylene bisimide (PBI) π-scaffold bridged with electron-rich α-oligothiophenes bearing four, five, six and seven thiophene units between the two phenyl-imide substituents has been synthesized and characterized by steady-state UV/Vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy, cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry as well as transient absorption spectroscopy. Tying the oligothiophene strands in a conformationally fixed macrocyclic arrangement leads to a more rigid π-scaffold with vibronic fine structure in the respective absorption spectra. Electrochemical analysis disclosed charged state properties in solution which are strongly dependent on the degree of rigidification within the individual macrocycle. Investigation of the excited state dynamics revealed an oligothiophene bridge size-dependent fast charge transfer process for the macrocyclic dyads upon PBI subunit excitation.},
  language  = {en}
}