@article{BiermannHeilmannDidieetal.2012,
  author    = {Biermann, Daniel and Heilmann, Andreas and Didi{\´e}, Michael and Schlossarek, Saskia and Wahab, Azadeh and Grimm, Michael and R{\"o}mer, Maria and Reichenspurner, Hermann and Sultan, Karim R. and Steenpass, Anna and Erg{\"u}n, S{\"u}leyman and Donzelli, Sonia and Carrier, Lucie and Ehmke, Heimo and Zimmermann, Wolfram H. and Hein, Lutz and B{\"o}ger, Rainer H. and Benndorf, Ralf A.},
  title     = {Impact of AT2 Receptor Deficiency on Postnatal Cardiovascular Development},
  series = {PLoS One},
  volume    = {7},
  journal   = {PLoS One},
  number    = {10},
  doi       = {10.1371/journal.pone.0047916},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-134902},
  pages     = {e47916},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Background: The angiotensin II receptor subtype 2 (AT2 receptor) is ubiquitously and highly expressed in early postnatal life. However, its role in postnatal cardiac development remained unclear. Methodology/Principal Findings: Hearts from 1, 7, 14 and 56 days old wild-type (WT) and AT2 receptor-deficient (KO) mice were extracted for histomorphometrical analysis as well as analysis of cardiac signaling and gene expression. Furthermore, heart and body weights of examined animals were recorded and echocardiographic analysis of cardiac function as well as telemetric blood pressure measurements were performed. Moreover, gene expression, sarcomere shortening and calcium transients were examined in ventricular cardiomyocytes isolated from both genotypes. KO mice exhibited an accelerated body weight gain and a reduced heart to body weight ratio as compared to WT mice in the postnatal period. However, in adult KO mice the heart to body weight ratio was significantly increased most likely due to elevated systemic blood pressure. At postnatal day 7 ventricular capillarization index and the density of \(\alpha\)-smooth muscle cell actin-positive blood vessels were higher in KO mice as compared to WT mice but normalized during adolescence. Echocardiographic assessment of cardiac systolic function at postnatal day 7 revealed decreased contractility of KO hearts in response to beta-adrenergic stimulation. Moreover, cardiomyocytes from KO mice showed a decreased sarcomere shortening and an increased peak Ca\(^{2+}\) transient in response to isoprenaline when stimulated concomitantly with angiotensin II. Conclusion: The AT2 receptor affects postnatal cardiac growth possibly via reducing body weight gain and systemic blood pressure. Moreover, it moderately attenuates postnatal vascularization of the heart and modulates the beta adrenergic response of the neonatal heart. These AT2 receptor-mediated effects may be implicated in the physiological maturation process of the heart.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Roemer2005,
  author    = {R{\"o}mer, Michael},
  title     = {Endozytose des Ca2+-sensitiven hIK1-Kanals in migrierenden MDCK-F-Zellen},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-15750},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2005},
  abstract  = {Zellmigration ist ein wichtiges Ph{\"a}nomen im gesamten Leben eines menschlichen Organismus. Erw{\"u}nschte physiologische Bedeutung hat die Zellmigration z. B. im Rahmen der Embryogenese, der Wundheilung und der Immunabwehr, w{\"a}hrend sie pathophysiologisch unter anderem bei der Metastasierung maligner Neoplasien in Erscheinung tritt. F{\"u}r optimale Migration ist eine Beteiligung von Ionenkan{\"a}len, Ionentransportern und zytoskeletalen Mechanismen in streng koordinierter Interaktion notwendig. Bei selektiver Blockade Ca2+-sensitiver K+-Kan{\"a}le (IK1) durch das Skorpiongift Charybdotoxin wird die Migrationsf{\"a}higkeit von Zellen erheblich gest{\"o}rt. Da dies ein m{\"o}glicher thera-peutischer Ansatzpunkt zur Malignit{\"a}tsreduzierung von Tumoren durch Hemmung der Metastasierung sein k{\"o}nnte, galt es in dieser Arbeit, den „Lebenslauf" dieses Kanalproteins genauer zu erforschen. Bisherige Erkenntnisse {\"u}ber Migrationsmechanismen, Membran-Umbau und Integrintransport wurden in einem neuen Modell zusammengefasst, das unter anderem die Theorie des K+-Kanal-Rezirkulierens beinhaltet. Zur {\"U}berpr{\"u}fung dieser Theorie wurde in der vorliegenden Doktorarbeit auf die Endo-zytose der Ca2+-abh{\"a}ngigen K+-Kan{\"a}le als ersten Schritt bei deren Rezirkulation fokussiert. Durch die Insertion eines viralen HA-Epitops in die Gensequenz des hIK1 mit PCR-Technik konnte der Kanal durch monoklonale anti-HA-Antik{\"o}rper [Maus] markierbar und durch Zweitantik{\"o}rper [anti-Maus] detektierbar gemacht werden. Nach der Transfektion des hIK1-HA-34-Plasmids in migrierende MDCK-F-Zellen war aufgrund der extrazellul{\"a}ren Lage des HA-34-Epitops im Kanalprotein eine Markierung der Kan{\"a}le mit Antik{\"o}rpern in lebenden Zellen m{\"o}glich. Die Immunfluoreszenzmikroskopie zeigte nach 37°C-in vivo-Inkubation der Zellen mit extrazellul{\"a}rer hIK1-HA-34-Markierung die Bildung von vesikel{\"a}hnlichen Strukturen, die auf Endozytose hindeuten konnten. Untransfizierte Kontrollzellen blieben ungef{\"a}rbt - die Aufnahme der Antik{\"o}rper in die Zellen mit hIK1-HA-34 musste also spezi-fisch {\"u}ber Endozytose der Antik{\"o}rper-Kanal-Komplexe geschehen sein. In der in vivo-Inkubation bei 4°C waren die Versuchszellen nur schemenhaft zu erkennen und auch das bei den 37°C-Experimenten deutlich sichtbare „ruffling" an der Lamellipodiumspitze stellte sich nicht dar. Dies erh{\"a}rtete den Verdacht auf eine Ansammlung von Vesikeln an der Lamellipodiumvorderkante. Mit dem Enzyme-Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA) konnte die K+-Kanalpr{\"a}senz in der Plasmamembran quantifiziert werden. Gegen{\"u}ber den untransfizierten Kontrollzellen waren die Peroxidase-Werte um das achtfache erh{\"o}ht. Dies weist ebenfalls auf eine spezifische Endozytose der hIK1-markierenden Antik{\"o}rper hin. Zudem zeigte sich bei der 37°C-Inkubation im Zeitverlauf {\"u}ber 60 Minuten eine S{\"a}ttigungskinetik, die ebenfalls f{\"u}r ein Rezirkulieren des hIK1 sprechen k{\"o}nnte. Zusammengefasst scheinen die Ergebnisse der verschiedenen Untersuchungstechniken die Endozytose Ca2+-empfindlicher K+-Kan{\"a}le als ersten Schritt eines vermuteten Rezirkulierens der Kanalproteine zu best{\"a}tigen.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{BreitingerBahnassawyJanzenetal.2018,
  author    = {Breitinger, Ulrike and Bahnassawy, Lamiaa M. and Janzen, Dieter and R{\"o}mer, Vera and Becker, Cord-Michael and Villmann, Carmen and Breitinger, Hans-Georg},
  title     = {PKA and PKC modulators affect ion channel function and internalization of recombinant alpha1 and alpha1-beta glycine receptors},
  series = {Frontiers in Molecular Neurosience},
  volume    = {11},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Molecular Neurosience},
  doi       = {10.3389/fnmol.2018.00154},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-220401},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Glycine receptors (GlyRs) are important mediators of fast inhibitory neurotransmission in the mammalian central nervous system. Their function is controlled by multiple cellular mechanisms, including intracellular regulatory processes. Modulation of GlyR function by protein kinases has been reported for many cell types, involving different techniques, and often yielding contradictory results. Here, we studied the effects of protein kinase C (PKC) and cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) on glycine induced currents in HEK293 cells expressing human homomeric \(\alpha\)1 and heteromeric \(\alpha\)1-\(\beta\) GlyRs using whole-cell patch clamp techniques as well as internalization assays. In whole-cell patch-clamp measurements, modulators were applied in the intracellular buffer at concentrations between 0.1 \(\mu\)M and 0.5 \(\mu\)M. EC50 of glycine increased upon application of the protein kinase activators Forskolin and phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) but decreased in the presence of the PKC inhibitor Staurosporine aglycon and the PKA inhibitor H-89. Desensitization of recombinant \(\alpha\)1 receptors was significantly increased in the presence of Forskolin. Staurosporine aglycon, on the other hand decreased desensitization of heteromeric \(\alpha\)1-\(\beta\) GlyRs. The time course of receptor activation was determined for homomeric \(\alpha\)1 receptors and revealed two simultaneous effects: cells showed a decrease of EC50 after 3-6 min of establishing whole-cell configuration. This effect was independent of protein kinase modulators. All modulators of PKA and PKC, however, produced an additional shift of EC50, which overlay and eventually exceeded the cells intrinsic variation of EC50. The effect of kinase activators was abolished if the corresponding inhibitors were co-applied, consistent with PKA and PKC directly mediating the modulation of GlyR function. Direct effects of PKA-and PKC-modulators on receptor expression on transfected HEK cells were monitored within 15 min of drug application, showing a significant increase of receptor internalization with PKA and PKC activators, while the corresponding inhibitors had no significant effect on receptor surface expression or internalization. Our results confirm the observation that phosphorylation via PKA and PKC has a direct effect on the GlyR ion channel complex and plays an important role in the fine-tuning of glycinergic signaling.},
  language  = {en}
}