@article{VolceanovHerbstBiniosseketal.2014, author = {Volceanov, Larisa and Herbst, Katharina and Biniossek, Martin and Schilling, Oliver and Haller, Dirk and N{\"o}lke, Thilo and Subbarayal, Prema and Rudel, Thomas and Zieger, Barbara and H{\"a}cker, Georg}, title = {Septins Arrange F-Actin-Containing Fibers on the Chlamydia trachomatis Inclusion and Are Required for Normal Release of the Inclusion by Extrusion}, series = {MBIO}, volume = {5}, journal = {MBIO}, number = {5}, issn = {2150-7511}, doi = {10.1128/mBio.01802-14}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-115421}, pages = {e01802-14}, year = {2014}, abstract = {Chlamydia trachomatis is an obligate intracellular human pathogen that grows inside a membranous, cytosolic vacuole termed an inclusion. Septins are a group of 13 GTP-binding proteins that assemble into oligomeric complexes and that can form higher-order filaments. We report here that the septins SEPT2, -9, -11, and probably -7 form fibrillar structures around the chlamydial inclusion. Colocalization studies suggest that these septins combine with F actin into fibers that encase the inclusion. Targeting the expression of individual septins by RNA interference (RNAi) prevented the formation of septin fibers as well as the recruitment of actin to the inclusion. At the end of the developmental cycle of C. trachomatis, newly formed, infectious elementary bodies are released, and this release occurs at least in part through the organized extrusion of intact inclusions. RNAi against SEPT9 or against the combination of SEPT2/7/9 substantially reduced the number of extrusions from a culture of infected HeLa cells. The data suggest that a higher-order structure of four septins is involved in the recruitment or stabilization of the actin coat around the chlamydial inclusion and that this actin recruitment by septins is instrumental for the coordinated egress of C. trachomatis from human cells. The organization of F actin around parasite-containing vacuoles may be a broader response mechanism of mammalian cells to the infection by intracellular, vacuole-dwelling pathogens. IMPORTANCE Chlamydia trachomatis is a frequent bacterial pathogen throughout the world, causing mostly eye and genital infections. C. trachomatis can develop only inside host cells; it multiplies inside a membranous vacuole in the cytosol, termed an inclusion. The inclusion is covered by cytoskeletal "coats" or "cages," whose organization and function are poorly understood. We here report that a relatively little-characterized group of proteins, septins, is required to organize actin fibers on the inclusion and probably through actin the release of the inclusion. Septins are a group of GTP-binding proteins that can organize into heteromeric complexes and then into large filaments. Septins have previously been found to be involved in the interaction of the cell with bacteria in the cytosol. Our observation that they also organize a reaction to bacteria living in vacuoles suggests that they have a function in the recognition of foreign compartments by a parasitized human cell.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Herbst2009, author = {Herbst, Thomas}, title = {Funktionalisierung organischer Verbindungen durch Borylentransfer}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-36046}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2009}, abstract = {Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurden Gruppe 6 Aminoborylenkomplexe zum Borylentransfer auf Alkine verwendet. Die Bor-{\"U}bergangsmetallmehrfachbindung wird gespalten, und die Boryleneinheit (BR) auf die C-C-Dreifachbindung {\"u}bertragen. Diese formale [2+1]-Cycloaddition macht Borirene (Boracyclopropene) in sehr guten Ausbeuten zug{\"a}nglich. In fr{\"u}heren Arbeiten ist die Borirensynthese entweder auf geringe Ausbeuten oder auf wenige Beispiele mit schwer zug{\"a}nglichen Edukten beschr{\"a}nkt. Die entwickelte Methode des Borylentranfers, macht die nach H{\"u}ckel kleinsten, aromatischen Systeme im Sinne einer „Eintopfreaktion" darstellbar. Die Verbindungen konnten vollst{\"a}ndig spektroskopisch und strukturell charakterisiert werden. Die photophysikalischen Eigenschaften der Borirene wurden mit UV/Vis-Spektroskopie untersucht, mit dem Ergebnis, dass diese im nicht sichtbaren Bereich des Spektrums absorbieren.Die allgemeine Anwendbarkeit des Borylentransfers konnte durch eine doppelte Borylen{\"u}bertragung auf Diine belegt werden. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass zwei Aminoboryleneinheiten st{\"o}chiometrisch auf ein Substrat {\"u}bertragen werden. Auf diese Weise konnten erstmalig Bisborirene spektroskopisch und strukturell charakterisiert werden. Die R{\"o}ntgenstrukturanalysen der Bisborirene 82 und 86 haben ergeben, dass aufgrund der sperrigen Bis(trimethylsilyl)aminosubstituenten eine starke Verdrillung der beiden Boracyclopropeneinheiten zueinander vorliegt. Im Falle von 82 sind beide Ebenen der dreigliedrigen Ringsysteme nahezu senkrecht zueinander angeordnet. Die in guten Ausbeuten synthetisierten Borirene konnten wiederum f{\"u}r deren Reaktivit{\"a}tsuntersuchungen eingesetzt werden. Interessanterweise war es m{\"o}glich, das Boriren 58e zu hydroborieren. In Gegenwart von 9-BBN erfolgte eine selektive B-C-Bindungsspaltung von 58e, unter Bildung einer B-H-Bindung. Ein weiterer Aspekt dieser Arbeit sind die Reaktivit{\"a}tsstudien der Borylenkomplexe 32 und 33, gegen{\"u}ber C=O-Doppelbindungen sowie C-N-Mehrfachbindungen. Es wurden durch die photochemischen Umsetzungen von 32 bzw. 33 mit Aceton, Benzophenon und tert-Butylcyanid, andere borhaltige Verbindungen erhalten, deren Konstitution aber nicht gekl{\"a}rt werden konnte. Die Reaktivit{\"a}tsuntersuchungen von 32 und 33 gegen{\"u}ber Alkenen, hat ergeben, dass eine formale Insertion des Borylenliganden in eine olefinische C-H-Bindung stattfindet. C-H-Aktivierungen durch Borylene wurden vorher nur in der Matrix beobachtet oder postuliert, ohne die erhaltenen Reaktionsprodukte zu charakterisieren. Durch die photochemische Umsetzung von 32 mit 3,3-Dimethyl-1-buten sind die Verbindungen 104 und 105 zug{\"a}nglich (Abb. 78). Das Vinylaminoboran 104 wurde als farblose Fl{\"u}ssigkeit in 31\% Ausbeute erhalten, und das Tieftemperatur 1H-NMR-Spektrum zeigte deutlich ein Signal des borgebundenen H-Atoms bei = 5.47ppm. Die Struktur des Olefinkomplexes 105 konnte durch R{\"o}ntgenstrukturanalyse gekl{\"a}rt werden und in {\"U}bereinstimmung mit der NMR-Spektroskopie, lassen sich die Bindungsverh{\"a}ltnisse der B-H-Bindung als sigma-Koordination zum Chromzentrum erkl{\"a}ren.}, subject = {Bor}, language = {de} } @article{RinaldettiPfirrmannManzetal.2018, author = {Rinaldetti, S{\´e}bastien and Pfirrmann, Markus and Manz, Kirsi and Guilhot, Joelle and Dietz, Christian and Panagiotidis, Panayiotidis and Spiess, Birgit and Seifarth, Wolfgang and Fabarius, Alice and M{\"u}ller, Martin and Pagoni, Maria and Dimou, Maria and Dengler, Jolanta and Waller, Cornelius F. and Br{\"u}mmendorf, Tim H. and Herbst, Regina and Burchert, Andreas and Janßen, Carsten and Goebeler, Maria Elisabeth and Jost, Philipp J. and Hanzel, Stefan and Schafhausen, Philippe and Prange-Krex, Gabriele and Illmer, Thomas and Janzen, Viktor and Klausmann, Martine and Eckert, Robert and B{\"u}schel, Gerd and Kiani, Alexander and Hofmann, Wolf-Karsten and Mahon, Fran{\c{c}}ois-Xavier and Saussele, Susanne}, title = {Effect of ABCG2, OCT1, and ABCB1 (MDR1) Gene Expression on Treatment-Free Remission in a EURO-SKI Subtrial}, series = {Clinical Lymphoma, Myeloma \& Leukemia}, volume = {18}, journal = {Clinical Lymphoma, Myeloma \& Leukemia}, number = {4}, doi = {10.1016/j.clml.2018.02.004}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-226281}, pages = {266-271}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Within the EURO-SKI trial, 132 chronic phase CML patients discontinued imatinib treatment. RNA was isolated from peripheral blood in order to analyze the expression of MDR1, ABCG2 and OCT1. ABCG2 was predictive for treatment-free remission in Cox regression analysis. High transcript levels of the ABCG2 efflux transporter (>4.5 parts per thousand) were associated with a twofold higher risk of relapse. Introduction: Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) can safely be discontinued in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients with sustained deep molecular response. ABCG2 (breast cancer resistance protein), OCT1 (organic cation transporter 1), and ABCB1 (multidrug resistance protein 1) gene products are known to play a crucial role in acquired pharmacogenetic TKI resistance. Their influence on treatment-free remission (TFR) has not yet been investigated. Materials and Methods: RNA was isolated on the last day of TKI intake from peripheral blood leukocytes of 132 chronic phase CML patients who discontinued TKI treatment within the European Stop Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Study trial. Plasmid standards were designed including subgenic inserts of OCT1, ABCG2, and ABCB1 together with GUSB as reference gene. For expression analyses, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used. Multiple Cox regression analysis was performed. In addition, gene expression cutoffs for patient risk stratification were investigated. Results: The TFR rate of 132 patients, 12 months after TKI discontinuation, was 54\% (95\% confidence interval [CI], 46\%-62\%). ABCG2 expression (parts per thousand) was retained as the only significant variable (P=.02; hazard ratio, 1.04; 95\% CI, 1.01-1.07) in multiple Cox regression analysis. Only for the ABCG2 efflux transporter, a significant cutoff was found (P=.04). Patients with an ABCG2/GUSB transcript level >4.5 parts per thousand (n=93) showed a 12-month TFR rate of 47\% (95\% CI, 37\%-57\%), whereas patients with low ABCG2 expression (<= 4.5 parts per thousand; n=39) had a 12-month TFR rate of 72\% (95\% CI, 55\%-82\%). Conclusion: In this study, we investigated the effect of pharmacogenetics in the context of a CML treatment discontinuation trial. The transcript levels of the efflux transporter ABCG2 predicted TFR after TKI discontinuation. (C) 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.}, language = {en} } @article{HaeusnerHerbstBittorfetal.2021, author = {Haeusner, Sebastian and Herbst, Laura and Bittorf, Patrick and Schwarz, Thomas and Henze, Chris and Mauermann, Marc and Ochs, Jelena and Schmitt, Robert and Blache, Ulrich and Wixmerten, Anke and Miot, Sylvie and Martin, Ivan and Pullig, Oliver}, title = {From Single Batch to Mass Production-Automated Platform Design Concept for a Phase II Clinical Trial Tissue Engineered Cartilage Product}, series = {Frontiers in Medicine}, volume = {8}, journal = {Frontiers in Medicine}, issn = {2296-858X}, doi = {10.3389/fmed.2021.712917}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-244631}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products (ATMP) provide promising treatment options particularly for unmet clinical needs, such as progressive and chronic diseases where currently no satisfying treatment exists. Especially from the ATMP subclass of Tissue Engineered Products (TEPs), only a few have yet been translated from an academic setting to clinic and beyond. A reason for low numbers of TEPs in current clinical trials and one main key hurdle for TEPs is the cost and labor-intensive manufacturing process. Manual production steps require experienced personnel, are challenging to standardize and to scale up. Automated manufacturing has the potential to overcome these challenges, toward an increasing cost-effectiveness. One major obstacle for automation is the control and risk prevention of cross contaminations, especially when handling parallel production lines of different patient material. These critical steps necessitate validated effective and efficient cleaning procedures in an automated system. In this perspective, possible technologies, concepts and solutions to existing ATMP manufacturing hurdles are discussed on the example of a late clinical phase II trial TEP. In compliance to Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) guidelines, we propose a dual arm robot based isolator approach. Our novel concept enables complete process automation for adherent cell culture, and the translation of all manual process steps with standard laboratory equipment. Moreover, we discuss novel solutions for automated cleaning, without the need for human intervention. Consequently, our automation concept offers the unique chance to scale up production while becoming more cost-effective, which will ultimately increase TEP availability to a broader number of patients.}, language = {en} }