@phdthesis{Scheller2023,
  author    = {Scheller, Lukas},
  title     = {Migrationsf{\"o}rdernde Faktoren im intestinalen T-Zell-Homing w{\"a}hrend der akuten Graft-versus-Host Erkrankung},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-29290},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-292909},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Die akute Graft-versus-Host Erkrankung (GvHD), insbesondere die Darm GvHD, stellt weiterhin eine der Hauptursachen f{\"u}r Mortalit{\"a}t und Morbidit{\"a}t nach allogener SZT dar. Aktivierte, alloreaktive Spender T-Zellen infiltrieren dabei {\"u}ber die Blutbahn die intestinale Lamina Propria. Erst k{\"u}rzlich konnten wir zeigen, dass neben der vaskul{\"a}ren Migration ein Teil der Spender T-Zellen auch direkt aus den PP in die angrenzende Lamina Propria migrieren. Um Faktoren, die diese direkte Migration f{\"o}rdern, zu untersuchen und die direkt migrierenden T-Zellen genauer zu charakterisieren, verwendeten wir ein MHC-inkompatibles Mausmodell zur Induktion einer akuten GvHD. Durch RNA Sequenzierung und Massenspektrometrie lasermikrodissezierter Darmschleimhautproben konnte eine starke Expression der Chemokine CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, CCL3, CCL4 und CCL5 w{\"a}hrend der akuten intestinalen GvHD aufgezeigt werden. Neben CCL4 und XCL1 wiesen verschiedene Faktoren der T-Zellaktivierung, wie CD3ζ, LAT, Lck und ZAP70, sowie Faktoren der zytoskelettalen Reorganisation, wie Dock2, Coro1α und Parvin-γ, eine vermehrte Expression insbesondere nahe der PP auf. Die Expression der migrationsf{\"o}rdernden Faktoren Coro1α und Parvin-γ in Spender T-Zellen nahe der PP konnte anschließend mittels histologischen Immunfluoreszenzf{\"a}rbungen best{\"a}tigt werden. Durchflusszytometrische Analysen konnten weiterhin eine vermehrte Expression von CCR5, CCR9 und Intgerin α4β7 auf den vornehmlich Tbet+ Spender T-Zellen nahe der PP nachweisen. Funktionelle in vitro Migrationsversuche zeigten abschließend, dass in vivo aktivierte Spender T-Zellen eine gerichtete Migration in Richtung auf CXCL11 und zu sp{\"a}terem Zeitpunkt auch auf CCL4 vollziehen k{\"o}nnen. Zusammenfassend zeigt diese Arbeit die Bedeutung zahlreicher Chemokine f{\"u}r das sequenzielle T-Zell-Homing w{\"a}hrend der akuten intestinalen GvHD. Neben der insbesondere durch Faktoren der zytosekeletalen Reorganisation vermittelten amoeboiden Migration kann auch eine mesenchymale Fortbewegung {\"u}ber Faktoren wie CCR5, CCR9 und Integrin α4β7 die direkte Migration der T-Zellen f{\"o}rdern. Den direkt migrierenden vornehmlich TH1 polarisierten Zellen folgen weitere, CD27 und Integrin αLβ2 exprimierende, zytotoxische T-Zellen aus der Blutbahn. Die direkt migrierenden Zellen k{\"o}nnten als Initiator und Potentiator der intestinalen T-Zell Infiltration wirken und m{\"u}ssen f{\"u}r zuk{\"u}nftige therapeutische Strategien nicht nur der Darm GvHD, sondern der intestinalen Inflammation im Allgemeinen mitber{\"u}cksichtigt werden.},
  subject      = {T-Lymphozyt},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Uri2019,
  author    = {Uri, Anna},
  title     = {Differential requirement for CD28 co-stimulation on donor T cell subsets in mouse models of acute graft versus host disease and graft versus tumour effect},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-16586},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-165863},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a curative therapy for malignant diseases of the haematopoietic system. The patients first undergo chemotherapy or irradiation therapy which depletes the majority of tumour cells before they receive the transplant, consisting of haematopoietic stem cells and mature T cells from a healthy donor. The donor T cells kill malignant cells that have not been eliminated by the conditioning therapy (graft versus leukaemia effect, GvL), and, therefore, are crucially required to prevent relapse of the tumour. However, the donor T cells may also severely damage the patient's organs causing acute graft versus host disease (aGvHD). In mice, aGvHD can be prevented by interfering with the co-stimulatory CD28 signal on donor T cells. However, experimental models using conventional CD28 knockout mice as T cell donors or αCD28 antibodies have some disadvantages, i.e. impaired T cell development in the thymus of CD28 knockout mice and systemic CD28 blockade with αCD28 antibodies. Thus, it remains unclear how CD28 co-stimulation on different donor T cell subsets contributes to the GvL effect and aGvHD, respectively. We developed mouse models of aGvHD and the GvL effect that allowed to selectively delete CD28 on certain donor T cell populations or on all donor T cells. CD4+ conventional T cells (Tconv cells), regulatory T cells (Treg cells) or CD8+ T cells were isolated from either Tamoxifen-inducible CD28 knockout (iCD28KO) mice or their wild type (wt) littermates. Allogeneic recipient mice were then transplanted with T cell depleted bone marrow cells and different combinations of iCD28KO and wt T cell subsets. Tamoxifen treatment of the recipients caused irreversible CD28 deletion on the iCD28KO donor T cell population. In order to study the GvL response, BCL-1 tumour cells were injected into the mice shortly before transfer of the T cells. CD4+ Tconv mediated aGvHD was efficiently inhibited when wt Treg cells were co-transplanted. In contrast, after selective CD28 deletion on donor Treg cells, the mice developed a late and lethal flare of aGvHD, i.e. late-onset aGvHD. This was associated with a decline in iCD28KO Treg cell numbers around day 20 after transplantation. CD28 ablation on either donor CD4+ Tconv cells or CD8+ T cells reduced but did not abrogate aGvHD. Moreover, iCD28KO and wt CD8+ T cells were equally capable of killing allogeneic target cells in vivo and in vitro. Due to this sufficient anti-tumour activity of iCD28KO CD8+ T cells, they had a therapeutic effect in our GvL model and 25\% of the mice survived until the end of the experiment (day 120) without any sign of the malignant disease. Similarly, CD28 deletion on all donor T cells induced long-term survival. This was not the case when all donor T cells were isolated from wt donor mice. In contrast to the beneficial outcome after CD28 deletion on all donor T cells or only CD8+ T cells, selective CD28 deletion on donor CD4+ Tconv cells completely abrogated the GvL effect due to insufficient CD4+ T cell help from iCD28KO CD4+ Tconv cells. This study demonstrates that therapeutic inhibition of the co-stimulatory CD28 signal in either all donor T cells or only in CD8+ T cells might protect patients from aGvHD without increasing the risk of relapse of the underlying disease. Moreover, deletion of CD28 on donor Treg cells constitutes a mouse model of late-onset aGvHD which can be a useful tool in aGvHD research.},
  subject      = {Antigen CD28},
  language  = {en}
}