@article{FischerHarteltPuppe2023,
  author    = {Fischer, Norbert and Hartelt, Alexander and Puppe, Frank},
  title     = {Line-level layout recognition of historical documents with background knowledge},
  series = {Algorithms},
  volume    = {16},
  journal   = {Algorithms},
  number    = {3},
  issn      = {1999-4893},
  doi       = {10.3390/a16030136},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-310938},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Digitization and transcription of historic documents offer new research opportunities for humanists and are the topics of many edition projects. However, manual work is still required for the main phases of layout recognition and the subsequent optical character recognition (OCR) of early printed documents. This paper describes and evaluates how deep learning approaches recognize text lines and can be extended to layout recognition using background knowledge. The evaluation was performed on five corpora of early prints from the 15th and 16th Centuries, representing a variety of layout features. While the main text with standard layouts could be recognized in the correct reading order with a precision and recall of up to 99.9\%, also complex layouts were recognized at a rate as high as 90\% by using background knowledge, the full potential of which was revealed if many pages of the same source were transcribed.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{OberdoerferLatoschik2019,
  author    = {Oberd{\"o}rfer, Sebastian and Latoschik, Marc Erich},
  title     = {Knowledge encoding in game mechanics: transfer-oriented knowledge learning in desktop-3D and VR},
  series = {International Journal of Computer Games Technology},
  volume    = {2019},
  journal   = {International Journal of Computer Games Technology},
  doi       = {10.1155/2019/7626349},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-201159},
  pages     = {7626349},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {Affine Transformations (ATs) are a complex and abstract learning content. Encoding the AT knowledge in Game Mechanics (GMs) achieves a repetitive knowledge application and audiovisual demonstration. Playing a serious game providing these GMs leads to motivating and effective knowledge learning. Using immersive Virtual Reality (VR) has the potential to even further increase the serious game's learning outcome and learning quality. This paper compares the effectiveness and efficiency of desktop-3D and VR in respect to the achieved learning outcome. Also, the present study analyzes the effectiveness of an enhanced audiovisual knowledge encoding and the provision of a debriefing system. The results validate the effectiveness of the knowledge encoding in GMs to achieve knowledge learning. The study also indicates that VR is beneficial for the overall learning quality and that an enhanced audiovisual encoding has only a limited effect on the learning outcome.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KempfKrugPuppe2023,
  author    = {Kempf, Sebastian and Krug, Markus and Puppe, Frank},
  title     = {KIETA: Key-insight extraction from scientific tables},
  series = {Applied Intelligence},
  volume    = {53},
  journal   = {Applied Intelligence},
  number    = {8},
  issn      = {0924-669X},
  doi       = {10.1007/s10489-022-03957-8},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-324180},
  pages     = {9513-9530},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {An important but very time consuming part of the research process is literature review. An already large and nevertheless growing ground set of publications as well as a steadily increasing publication rate continue to worsen the situation. Consequently, automating this task as far as possible is desirable. Experimental results of systems are key-insights of high importance during literature review and usually represented in form of tables. Our pipeline KIETA exploits these tables to contribute to the endeavor of automation by extracting them and their contained knowledge from scientific publications. The pipeline is split into multiple steps to guarantee modularity as well as analyzability, and agnosticim regarding the specific scientific domain up until the knowledge extraction step, which is based upon an ontology. Additionally, a dataset of corresponding articles has been manually annotated with information regarding table and knowledge extraction. Experiments show promising results that signal the possibility of an automated system, while also indicating limits of extracting knowledge from tables without any context.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SteinhaeusserOberdoerfervonMammenetal.2022,
  author    = {Steinhaeusser, Sophia C. and Oberd{\"o}rfer, Sebastian and von Mammen, Sebastian and Latoschik, Marc Erich and Lugrin, Birgit},
  title     = {Joyful adventures and frightening places - designing emotion-inducing virtual environments},
  series = {Frontiers in Virtual Reality},
  volume    = {3},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Virtual Reality},
  issn      = {2673-4192},
  doi       = {10.3389/frvir.2022.919163},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-284831},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Virtual environments (VEs) can evoke and support emotions, as experienced when playing emotionally arousing games. We theoretically approach the design of fear and joy evoking VEs based on a literature review of empirical studies on virtual and real environments as well as video games' reviews and content analyses. We define the design space and identify central design elements that evoke specific positive and negative emotions. Based on that, we derive and present guidelines for emotion-inducing VE design with respect to design themes, colors and textures, and lighting configurations. To validate our guidelines in two user studies, we 1) expose participants to 360° videos of VEs designed following the individual guidelines and 2) immerse them in a neutral, positive and negative emotion-inducing VEs combining all respective guidelines in Virtual Reality. The results support our theoretically derived guidelines by revealing significant differences in terms of fear and joy induction.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{LandeckAlvarezIgarzabalUnruhetal.2022,
  author    = {Landeck, Maximilian and Alvarez Igarz{\´a}bal, Federico and Unruh, Fabian and Habenicht, Hannah and Khoshnoud, Shiva and Wittmann, Marc and Lugrin, Jean-Luc and Latoschik, Marc Erich},
  title     = {Journey through a virtual tunnel: Simulated motion and its effects on the experience of time},
  series = {Frontiers in Virtual Reality},
  volume    = {3},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Virtual Reality},
  issn      = {2673-4192},
  doi       = {10.3389/frvir.2022.1059971},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-301519},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {This paper examines the relationship between time and motion perception in virtual environments. Previous work has shown that the perception of motion can affect the perception of time. We developed a virtual environment that simulates motion in a tunnel and measured its effects on the estimation of the duration of time, the speed at which perceived time passes, and the illusion of self-motion, also known as vection. When large areas of the visual field move in the same direction, vection can occur; observers often perceive this as self-motion rather than motion of the environment. To generate different levels of vection and investigate its effects on time perception, we developed an abstract procedural tunnel generator. The generator can simulate different speeds and densities of tunnel sections (visibly distinguishable sections that form the virtual tunnel), as well as the degree of embodiment of the user avatar (with or without virtual hands). We exposed participants to various tunnel simulations with different durations, speeds, and densities in a remote desktop and a virtual reality (VR) laboratory study. Time passed subjectively faster under high-speed and high-density conditions in both studies. The experience of self-motion was also stronger under high-speed and high-density conditions. Both studies revealed a significant correlation between the perceived passage of time and perceived self-motion. Subjects in the virtual reality study reported a stronger self-motion experience, a faster perceived passage of time, and shorter time estimates than subjects in the desktop study. Our results suggest that a virtual tunnel simulation can manipulate time perception in virtual reality. We will explore these results for the development of virtual reality applications for therapeutic approaches in our future work. This could be particularly useful in treating disorders like depression, autism, and schizophrenia, which are known to be associated with distortions in time perception. For example, the tunnel could be therapeutically applied by resetting patients' time perceptions by exposing them to the tunnel under different conditions, such as increasing or decreasing perceived time.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KrupitzerEberhardingerGerostathopoulosetal.2020,
  author    = {Krupitzer, Christian and Eberhardinger, Benedikt and Gerostathopoulos, Ilias and Raibulet, Claudia},
  title     = {Introduction to the special issue "Applications in Self-Aware Computing Systems and their Evaluation"},
  series = {Computers},
  volume    = {9},
  journal   = {Computers},
  number    = {1},
  issn      = {2073-431X},
  doi       = {10.3390/computers9010022},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-203439},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {The joint 1st Workshop on Evaluations and Measurements in Self-Aware Computing Systems (EMSAC 2019) and Workshop on Self-Aware Computing (SeAC) was held as part of the FAS* conference alliance in conjunction with the 16th IEEE International Conference on Autonomic Computing (ICAC) and the 13th IEEE International Conference on Self-Adaptive and Self-Organizing Systems (SASO) in Ume{\aa}, Sweden on 20 June 2019. The goal of this one-day workshop was to bring together researchers and practitioners from academic environments and from the industry to share their solutions, ideas, visions, and doubts in self-aware computing systems in general and in the evaluation and measurements of such systems in particular. The workshop aimed to enable discussions, partnerships, and collaborations among the participants. This special issue follows the theme of the workshop. It contains extended versions of workshop presentations as well as additional contributions.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HeinLatoschikWienrich2022,
  author    = {Hein, Rebecca M. and Latoschik, Marc Erich and Wienrich, Carolin},
  title     = {Inter- and transcultural learning in cocial virtual reality: a proposal for an inter- and transcultural virtual object database to be used in the implementation, reflection, and evaluation of virtual encounters},
  series = {Multimodal Technologies and Interaction},
  volume    = {6},
  journal   = {Multimodal Technologies and Interaction},
  number    = {7},
  issn      = {2414-4088},
  doi       = {10.3390/mti6070050},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-278974},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Visual stimuli are frequently used to improve memory, language learning or perception, and understanding of metacognitive processes. However, in virtual reality (VR), there are few systematically and empirically derived databases. This paper proposes the first collection of virtual objects based on empirical evaluation for inter-and transcultural encounters between English- and German-speaking learners. We used explicit and implicit measurement methods to identify cultural associations and the degree of stereotypical perception for each virtual stimuli (n = 293) through two online studies, including native German and English-speaking participants. The analysis resulted in a final well-describable database of 128 objects (called InteractionSuitcase). In future applications, the objects can be used as a great interaction or conversation asset and behavioral measurement tool in social VR applications, especially in the field of foreign language education. For example, encounters can use the objects to describe their culture, or teachers can intuitively assess stereotyped attitudes of the encounters.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{RiedmannSchaperLugrin2022,
  author    = {Riedmann, Anna and Schaper, Philipp and Lugrin, Birgit},
  title     = {Integration of a social robot and gamification in adult learning and effects on motivation, engagement and performance},
  series = {AI \& Society},
  journal   = {AI \& Society},
  issn      = {0951-5666},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00146-022-01514-y},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-324208},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Learning is a central component of human life and essential for personal development. Therefore, utilizing new technologies in the learning context and exploring their combined potential are considered essential to support self-directed learning in a digital age. A learning environment can be expanded by various technical and content-related aspects. Gamification in the form of elements from video games offers a potential concept to support the learning process. This can be supplemented by technology-supported learning. While the use of tablets is already widespread in the learning context, the integration of a social robot can provide new perspectives on the learning process. However, simply adding new technologies such as social robots or gamification to existing systems may not automatically result in a better learning environment. In the present study, game elements as well as a social robot were integrated separately and conjointly into a learning environment for basic Spanish skills, with a follow-up on retained knowledge. This allowed us to investigate the respective and combined effects of both expansions on motivation, engagement and learning effect. This approach should provide insights into the integration of both additions in an adult learning context. We found that the additions of game elements and the robot did not significantly improve learning, engagement or motivation. Based on these results and a literature review, we outline relevant factors for meaningful integration of gamification and social robots in learning environments in adult learning.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{LiGuanGaoetal.2020,
  author    = {Li, Ningbo and Guan, Lianwu and Gao, Yanbin and Du, Shitong and Wu, Menghao and Guang, Xingxing and Cong, Xiaodan},
  title     = {Indoor and outdoor low-cost seamless integrated navigation system based on the integration of INS/GNSS/LIDAR system},
  series = {Remote Sensing},
  volume    = {12},
  journal   = {Remote Sensing},
  number    = {19},
  issn      = {2072-4292},
  doi       = {10.3390/rs12193271},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-216229},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) provides accurate positioning data for vehicular navigation in open outdoor environment. In an indoor environment, Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) establishes a two-dimensional map and provides positioning data. However, LIDAR can only provide relative positioning data and it cannot directly provide the latitude and longitude of the current position. As a consequence, GNSS/Inertial Navigation System (INS) integrated navigation could be employed in outdoors, while the indoors part makes use of INS/LIDAR integrated navigation and the corresponding switching navigation will make the indoor and outdoor positioning consistent. In addition, when the vehicle enters the garage, the GNSS signal will be blurred for a while and then disappeared. Ambiguous GNSS satellite signals will lead to the continuous distortion or overall drift of the positioning trajectory in the indoor condition. Therefore, an INS/LIDAR seamless integrated navigation algorithm and a switching algorithm based on vehicle navigation system are designed. According to the experimental data, the positioning accuracy of the INS/LIDAR navigation algorithm in the simulated environmental experiment is 50\% higher than that of the Dead Reckoning (DR) algorithm. Besides, the switching algorithm developed based on the INS/LIDAR integrated navigation algorithm can achieve 80\% success rate in navigation mode switching.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchloerRingHotho2020,
  author    = {Schl{\"o}r, Daniel and Ring, Markus and Hotho, Andreas},
  title     = {iNALU: Improved Neural Arithmetic Logic Unit},
  series = {Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence},
  volume    = {3},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence},
  issn      = {2624-8212},
  doi       = {10.3389/frai.2020.00071},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-212301},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Neural networks have to capture mathematical relationships in order to learn various tasks. They approximate these relations implicitly and therefore often do not generalize well. The recently proposed Neural Arithmetic Logic Unit (NALU) is a novel neural architecture which is able to explicitly represent the mathematical relationships by the units of the network to learn operations such as summation, subtraction or multiplication. Although NALUs have been shown to perform well on various downstream tasks, an in-depth analysis reveals practical shortcomings by design, such as the inability to multiply or divide negative input values or training stability issues for deeper networks. We address these issues and propose an improved model architecture. We evaluate our model empirically in various settings from learning basic arithmetic operations to more complex functions. Our experiments indicate that our model solves stability issues and outperforms the original NALU model in means of arithmetic precision and convergence.},
  language  = {en}
}