@techreport{NguyenLohHossfeld2023,
  type      = {Working Paper},
  author    = {Nguyen, Kien and Loh, Frank and Hoßfeld, Tobias},
  title     = {Challenges of Serverless Deployment in Edge-MEC-Cloud},
  series = {KuVS Fachgespr{\"a}ch - W{\"u}rzburg Workshop on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Next-Generation Communication Networks 2023 (WueWoWAS'23)},
  journal   = {KuVS Fachgespr{\"a}ch - W{\"u}rzburg Workshop on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Next-Generation Communication Networks 2023 (WueWoWAS'23)},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-32202},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-322025},
  pages     = {4},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {The emerging serverless computing may meet Edge Cloud in a beneficial manner as the two offer flexibility and dynamicity in optimizing finite hardware resources. However, the lack of proper study of a joint platform leaves a gap in literature about consumption and performance of such integration. To this end, this paper identifies the key questions and proposes a methodology to answer them.},
  language  = {en}
}
@techreport{RaffeckGeisslerHossfeld2023,
  type      = {Working Paper},
  author    = {Raffeck, Simon and Geißler, Stefan and Hoßfeld, Tobias},
  title     = {Towards Understanding the Signaling Traffic in 5G Core Networks},
  series = {KuVS Fachgespr{\"a}ch - W{\"u}rzburg Workshop on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Next-Generation Communication Networks 2023 (WueWoWAS'23)},
  journal   = {KuVS Fachgespr{\"a}ch - W{\"u}rzburg Workshop on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Next-Generation Communication Networks 2023 (WueWoWAS'23)},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-32210},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-322106},
  pages     = {4},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {The Fifth Generation (5G) communication technology, its infrastructure and architecture, though already deployed in campus and small scale networks, is still undergoing continuous changes and research. Especially, in the light of future large scale deployments and industrial use cases, a detailed analysis of the performance and utilization with regard to latency and service times constraints is crucial. To this end, a fine granular investigation of the Network Function (NF) based core system and the duration for all the tasks performed by these services is necessary. This work presents the first steps towards analyzing the signaling traffic in 5G core networks, and introduces a tool to automatically extract sequence diagrams and service times for NF tasks from traffic traces.},
  language  = {en}
}
@techreport{GrigorjewSchumannDiederichetal.2023,
  type      = {Working Paper},
  author    = {Grigorjew, Alexej and Schumann, Lukas Kilian and Diederich, Philip and Hoßfeld, Tobias and Kellerer, Wolfgang},
  title     = {Understanding the Performance of Different Packet Reception and Timestamping Methods in Linux},
  series = {KuVS Fachgespr{\"a}ch - W{\"u}rzburg Workshop on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Next-Generation Communication Networks 2023 (WueWoWAS'23)},
  journal   = {KuVS Fachgespr{\"a}ch - W{\"u}rzburg Workshop on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Next-Generation Communication Networks 2023 (WueWoWAS'23)},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-32206},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-322064},
  pages     = {5},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {This document briefly presents some renowned packet reception techniques for network packets in Linux systems. Further, it compares their performance when measuring packet timestamps with respect to throughput and accuracy. Both software and hardware timestamps are compared, and various parameters are examined, including frame size, link speed, network interface card, and CPU load. The results indicate that hardware timestamping offers significantly better accuracy with no downsides, and that packet reception techniques that avoid system calls offer superior measurement throughput.},
  language  = {en}
}
@techreport{LohRaffeckGeissleretal.2023,
  type      = {Working Paper},
  author    = {Loh, Frank and Raffeck, Simon and Geißler, Stefan and Hoßfeld, Tobias},
  title     = {Paving the Way for an Energy Efficient and Sustainable Future Internet of Things},
  series = {KuVS Fachgespr{\"a}ch - W{\"u}rzburg Workshop on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Next-Generation Communication Networks 2023 (WueWoWAS'23)},
  journal   = {KuVS Fachgespr{\"a}ch - W{\"u}rzburg Workshop on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Next-Generation Communication Networks 2023 (WueWoWAS'23)},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-32216},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-322161},
  pages     = {4},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {In this work, we describe the network from data collection to data processing and storage as a system based on different layers. We outline the different layers and highlight major tasks and dependencies with regard to energy consumption and energy efficiency. With this view, we can outwork challenges and questions a future system architect must answer to provide a more sustainable, green, resource friendly, and energy efficient application or system. Therefore, all system layers must be considered individually but also altogether for future IoT solutions. This requires, in particular, novel sustainability metrics in addition to current Quality of Service and Quality of Experience metrics to provide a high power, user satisfying, and sustainable network.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SeufertPoigneeSeufertetal.2023,
  author    = {Seufert, Anika and Poign{\´e}e, Fabian and Seufert, Michael and Hoßfeld, Tobias},
  title     = {Share and multiply: modeling communication and generated traffic in private WhatsApp groups},
  series = {IEEE Access},
  volume    = {11},
  journal   = {IEEE Access},
  doi       = {10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3254913},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-349430},
  pages     = {25401-25414},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Group-based communication is a highly popular communication paradigm, which is especially prominent in mobile instant messaging (MIM) applications, such as WhatsApp. Chat groups in MIM applications facilitate the sharing of various types of messages (e.g., text, voice, image, video) among a large number of participants. As each message has to be transmitted to every other member of the group, which multiplies the traffic, this has a massive impact on the underlying communication networks. However, most chat groups are private and network operators cannot obtain deep insights into MIM communication via network measurements due to end-to-end encryption. Thus, the generation of traffic is not well understood, given that it depends on sizes of communication groups, speed of communication, and exchanged message types. In this work, we provide a huge data set of 5,956 private WhatsApp chat histories, which contains over 76 million messages from more than 117,000 users. We describe and model the properties of chat groups and users, and the communication within these chat groups, which gives unprecedented insights into private MIM communication. In addition, we conduct exemplary measurements for the most popular message types, which empower the provided models to estimate the traffic over time in a chat group.},
  language  = {en}
}
@techreport{VomhoffGeisslerHossfeld2022,
  type      = {Working Paper},
  author    = {Vomhoff, Viktoria and Geißler, Stefan and Hoßfeld, Tobias},
  title     = {Identification of Signaling Patterns in Mobile IoT Signaling Traffic},
  series = {W{\"u}rzburg Workshop on Next-Generation Communication Networks (WueWoWas'22)},
  journal   = {W{\"u}rzburg Workshop on Next-Generation Communication Networks (WueWoWas'22)},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-28081},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-280819},
  pages     = {4},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {We attempt to identify sequences of signaling dialogs, to strengthen our understanding of the signaling behavior of IoT devices by examining a dataset containing over 270.000 distinct IoT devices whose signaling traffic has been observed over a 31-day period in a 2G network [4]. We propose a set of rules that allows the assembly of signaling dialogs into so-called sessions in order to identify common patterns and lay the foundation for future research in the areas of traffic modeling and anomaly detection.},
  subject      = {Datennetz},
  language  = {en}
}
@techreport{LohGeisslerHossfeld2022,
  type      = {Working Paper},
  author    = {Loh, Frank and Geißler, Stefan and Hoßfeld, Tobias},
  title     = {LoRaWAN Network Planning in Smart Environments: Towards Reliability, Scalability, and Cost Reduction},
  series = {W{\"u}rzburg Workshop on Next-Generation Communication Networks (WueWoWas'22)},
  journal   = {W{\"u}rzburg Workshop on Next-Generation Communication Networks (WueWoWas'22)},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-28082},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-280829},
  pages     = {4},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {The goal in this work is to present a guidance for LoRaWAN planning to improve overall reliability for message transmissions and scalability. At the end, the cost component is discussed. Therefore, a five step approach is presented that helps to plan a LoRaWAN deployment step by step: Based on the device locations, an initial gateway placement is suggested followed by in-depth frequency and channel access planning. After an initial planning phase, updates for channel access and the initial gateway planning is suggested that should also be done periodically during network operation. Since current gateway placement approaches are only studied with random channel access, there is a lot of potential in the cell planning phase. Furthermore, the performance of different channel access approaches is highly related on network load, and thus cell size and sensor density. Last, the influence of different cell planning ideas on expected costs are discussed.},
  subject      = {Datennetz},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{LohMehlingHossfeld2022,
  author    = {Loh, Frank and Mehling, Noah and Hoßfeld, Tobias},
  title     = {Towards LoRaWAN without data loss: studying the performance of different channel access approaches},
  series = {Sensors},
  volume    = {22},
  journal   = {Sensors},
  number    = {2},
  issn      = {1424-8220},
  doi       = {10.3390/s22020691},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-302418},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {The Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) is one of the fastest growing Internet of Things (IoT) access protocols. It operates in the license free 868 MHz band and gives everyone the possibility to create their own small sensor networks. The drawback of this technology is often unscheduled or random channel access, which leads to message collisions and potential data loss. For that reason, recent literature studies alternative approaches for LoRaWAN channel access. In this work, state-of-the-art random channel access is compared with alternative approaches from the literature by means of collision probability. Furthermore, a time scheduled channel access methodology is presented to completely avoid collisions in LoRaWAN. For this approach, an exhaustive simulation study was conducted and the performance was evaluated with random access cross-traffic. In a general theoretical analysis the limits of the time scheduled approach are discussed to comply with duty cycle regulations in LoRaWAN.},
  language  = {en}
}
@techreport{GrigorjewDiederichHossfeldetal.2022,
  type      = {Working Paper},
  author    = {Grigorjew, Alexej and Diederich, Philip and Hoßfeld, Tobias and Kellerer, Wolfgang},
  title     = {Affordable Measurement Setups for Networking Device Latency with Sub-Microsecond Accuracy},
  series = {W{\"u}rzburg Workshop on Next-Generation Communication Networks (WueWoWas'22)},
  journal   = {W{\"u}rzburg Workshop on Next-Generation Communication Networks (WueWoWas'22)},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-28075},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-280751},
  pages     = {5},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {This document presents a networking latency measurement setup that focuses on affordability and universal applicability, and can provide sub-microsecond accuracy. It explains the prerequisites, hardware choices, and considerations to respect during measurement. In addition, it discusses the necessity for exhaustive latency measurements when dealing with high availability and low latency requirements. Preliminary results show that the accuracy is within ±0.02 μs when used with the Intel I350-T2 network adapter.},
  subject      = {Datennetz},
  language  = {en}
}
@techreport{RaffeckGeisslerHossfeld2022,
  type      = {Working Paper},
  author    = {Raffeck, Simon and Geißler, Stefan and Hoßfeld, Tobias},
  title     = {DBM: Decentralized Burst Mitigation for Self-Organizing LoRa Deployments},
  series = {W{\"u}rzburg Workshop on Next-Generation Communication Networks (WueWoWas'22)},
  journal   = {W{\"u}rzburg Workshop on Next-Generation Communication Networks (WueWoWas'22)},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-28080},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-280809},
  pages     = {4},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {This work proposes a novel approach to disperse dense transmission intervals and reduce bursty traffic patterns without the need for centralized control. Furthermore, by keeping the mechanism as close to the Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) standard as possible the suggested mechanism can be deployed within existing networks and can even be co-deployed with other devices.},
  subject      = {Datennetz},
  language  = {en}
}