@techreport{RauberBrechtelSchotten2023, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Rauber, Christof A. O. and Brechtel, Lukas and Schotten, Hans D.}, title = {JCAS-Enabled Sensing as a Service in 6th-Generation Mobile Communication Networks}, series = {KuVS Fachgespr{\"a}ch - W{\"u}rzburg Workshop on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Next-Generation Communication Networks 2023 (WueWoWAS'23)}, journal = {KuVS Fachgespr{\"a}ch - W{\"u}rzburg Workshop on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Next-Generation Communication Networks 2023 (WueWoWAS'23)}, doi = {10.25972/OPUS-32213}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-322135}, pages = {4}, year = {2023}, abstract = {The introduction of new types of frequency spectrum in 6G technology facilitates the convergence of conventional mobile communications and radar functions. Thus, the mobile network itself becomes a versatile sensor system. This enables mobile network operators to offer a sensing service in addition to conventional data and telephony services. The potential benefits are expected to accrue to various stakeholders, including individuals, the environment, and society in general. The paper discusses technological development, possible integration, and use cases, as well as future development areas.}, language = {en} } @techreport{LohRaffeckGeissleretal.2023, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Loh, Frank and Raffeck, Simon and Geißler, Stefan and Hoßfeld, Tobias}, title = {Paving the Way for an Energy Efficient and Sustainable Future Internet of Things}, series = {KuVS Fachgespr{\"a}ch - W{\"u}rzburg Workshop on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Next-Generation Communication Networks 2023 (WueWoWAS'23)}, journal = {KuVS Fachgespr{\"a}ch - W{\"u}rzburg Workshop on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Next-Generation Communication Networks 2023 (WueWoWAS'23)}, doi = {10.25972/OPUS-32216}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-322161}, pages = {4}, year = {2023}, abstract = {In this work, we describe the network from data collection to data processing and storage as a system based on different layers. We outline the different layers and highlight major tasks and dependencies with regard to energy consumption and energy efficiency. With this view, we can outwork challenges and questions a future system architect must answer to provide a more sustainable, green, resource friendly, and energy efficient application or system. Therefore, all system layers must be considered individually but also altogether for future IoT solutions. This requires, in particular, novel sustainability metrics in addition to current Quality of Service and Quality of Experience metrics to provide a high power, user satisfying, and sustainable network.}, language = {en} } @techreport{FundaKonheiserGermanetal.2023, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Funda, Christoph and Konheiser, Tobias and German, Reinhard and Hielscher, Kai-Steffen}, title = {How to Model and Predict the Scalability of a Hardware-In-The-Loop Test Bench for Data Re-Injection?}, series = {KuVS Fachgespr{\"a}ch - W{\"u}rzburg Workshop on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Next-Generation Communication Networks 2023 (WueWoWAS'23)}, journal = {KuVS Fachgespr{\"a}ch - W{\"u}rzburg Workshop on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Next-Generation Communication Networks 2023 (WueWoWAS'23)}, doi = {10.25972/OPUS-32215}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-322150}, pages = {4}, year = {2023}, abstract = {This paper describes a novel application of an empirical network calculus model based on measurements of a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) test system. The aim is to predict the performance of a HIL test bench for open-loop re-injection in the context of scalability. HIL test benches are distributed computer systems including software, hardware, and networking devices. They are used to validate complex technical systems, but have not yet been system under study themselves. Our approach is to use measurements from the HIL system to create an empirical model for arrival and service curves. We predict the performance and design the previously unknown parameters of the HIL simulator with network calculus (NC), namely the buffer sizes and the minimum needed pre-buffer time for the playback buffer. We furthermore show, that it is possible to estimate the CPU load from arrival and service-curves based on the utilization theorem, and hence estimate the scalability of the HIL system in the context of the number of sensor streams.}, language = {en} } @article{SteiningerAbelZiegleretal.2023, author = {Steininger, Michael and Abel, Daniel and Ziegler, Katrin and Krause, Anna and Paeth, Heiko and Hotho, Andreas}, title = {ConvMOS: climate model output statistics with deep learning}, series = {Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery}, volume = {37}, journal = {Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery}, number = {1}, issn = {1384-5810}, doi = {10.1007/s10618-022-00877-6}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-324213}, pages = {136-166}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Climate models are the tool of choice for scientists researching climate change. Like all models they suffer from errors, particularly systematic and location-specific representation errors. One way to reduce these errors is model output statistics (MOS) where the model output is fitted to observational data with machine learning. In this work, we assess the use of convolutional Deep Learning climate MOS approaches and present the ConvMOS architecture which is specifically designed based on the observation that there are systematic and location-specific errors in the precipitation estimates of climate models. We apply ConvMOS models to the simulated precipitation of the regional climate model REMO, showing that a combination of per-location model parameters for reducing location-specific errors and global model parameters for reducing systematic errors is indeed beneficial for MOS performance. We find that ConvMOS models can reduce errors considerably and perform significantly better than three commonly used MOS approaches and plain ResNet and U-Net models in most cases. Our results show that non-linear MOS models underestimate the number of extreme precipitation events, which we alleviate by training models specialized towards extreme precipitation events with the imbalanced regression method DenseLoss. While we consider climate MOS, we argue that aspects of ConvMOS may also be beneficial in other domains with geospatial data, such as air pollution modeling or weather forecasts.}, subject = {Klima}, language = {en} } @article{KempfKrugPuppe2023, author = {Kempf, Sebastian and Krug, Markus and Puppe, Frank}, title = {KIETA: Key-insight extraction from scientific tables}, series = {Applied Intelligence}, volume = {53}, journal = {Applied Intelligence}, number = {8}, issn = {0924-669X}, doi = {10.1007/s10489-022-03957-8}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-324180}, pages = {9513-9530}, year = {2023}, abstract = {An important but very time consuming part of the research process is literature review. An already large and nevertheless growing ground set of publications as well as a steadily increasing publication rate continue to worsen the situation. Consequently, automating this task as far as possible is desirable. Experimental results of systems are key-insights of high importance during literature review and usually represented in form of tables. Our pipeline KIETA exploits these tables to contribute to the endeavor of automation by extracting them and their contained knowledge from scientific publications. The pipeline is split into multiple steps to guarantee modularity as well as analyzability, and agnosticim regarding the specific scientific domain up until the knowledge extraction step, which is based upon an ontology. Additionally, a dataset of corresponding articles has been manually annotated with information regarding table and knowledge extraction. Experiments show promising results that signal the possibility of an automated system, while also indicating limits of extracting knowledge from tables without any context.}, language = {en} } @article{MaiwaldBruschkeSchneideretal.2023, author = {Maiwald, Ferdinand and Bruschke, Jonas and Schneider, Danilo and Wacker, Markus and Niebling, Florian}, title = {Giving historical photographs a new perspective: introducing camera orientation parameters as new metadata in a large-scale 4D application}, series = {Remote Sensing}, volume = {15}, journal = {Remote Sensing}, number = {7}, issn = {2072-4292}, doi = {10.3390/rs15071879}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-311103}, year = {2023}, abstract = {The ongoing digitization of historical photographs in archives allows investigating the quality, quantity, and distribution of these images. However, the exact interior and exterior camera orientations of these photographs are usually lost during the digitization process. The proposed method uses content-based image retrieval (CBIR) to filter exterior images of single buildings in combination with metadata information. The retrieved photographs are automatically processed in an adapted structure-from-motion (SfM) pipeline to determine the camera parameters. In an interactive georeferencing process, the calculated camera positions are transferred into a global coordinate system. As all image and camera data are efficiently stored in the proposed 4D database, they can be conveniently accessed afterward to georeference newly digitized images by using photogrammetric triangulation and spatial resection. The results show that the CBIR and the subsequent SfM are robust methods for various kinds of buildings and different quantity of data. The absolute accuracy of the camera positions after georeferencing lies in the range of a few meters likely introduced by the inaccurate LOD2 models used for transformation. The proposed photogrammetric method, the database structure, and the 4D visualization interface enable adding historical urban photographs and 3D models from other locations.}, language = {en} } @article{FischerHarteltPuppe2023, author = {Fischer, Norbert and Hartelt, Alexander and Puppe, Frank}, title = {Line-level layout recognition of historical documents with background knowledge}, series = {Algorithms}, volume = {16}, journal = {Algorithms}, number = {3}, issn = {1999-4893}, doi = {10.3390/a16030136}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-310938}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Digitization and transcription of historic documents offer new research opportunities for humanists and are the topics of many edition projects. However, manual work is still required for the main phases of layout recognition and the subsequent optical character recognition (OCR) of early printed documents. This paper describes and evaluates how deep learning approaches recognize text lines and can be extended to layout recognition using background knowledge. The evaluation was performed on five corpora of early prints from the 15th and 16th Centuries, representing a variety of layout features. While the main text with standard layouts could be recognized in the correct reading order with a precision and recall of up to 99.9\%, also complex layouts were recognized at a rate as high as 90\% by using background knowledge, the full potential of which was revealed if many pages of the same source were transcribed.}, language = {en} } @article{KirikkayisGallikWinteretal.2023, author = {Kirikkayis, Yusuf and Gallik, Florian and Winter, Michael and Reichert, Manfred}, title = {BPMNE4IoT: a framework for modeling, executing and monitoring IoT-driven processes}, series = {Future Internet}, volume = {15}, journal = {Future Internet}, number = {3}, issn = {1999-5903}, doi = {10.3390/fi15030090}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-304097}, year = {2023}, abstract = {The Internet of Things (IoT) enables a variety of smart applications, including smart home, smart manufacturing, and smart city. By enhancing Business Process Management Systems with IoT capabilities, the execution and monitoring of business processes can be significantly improved. Providing a holistic support for modeling, executing and monitoring IoT-driven processes, however, constitutes a challenge. Existing process modeling and process execution languages, such as BPMN 2.0, are unable to fully meet the IoT characteristics (e.g., asynchronicity and parallelism) of IoT-driven processes. In this article, we present BPMNE4IoT—A holistic framework for modeling, executing and monitoring IoT-driven processes. We introduce various artifacts and events based on the BPMN 2.0 metamodel that allow realizing the desired IoT awareness of business processes. The framework is evaluated along two real-world scenarios from two different domains. Moreover, we present a user study for comparing BPMNE4IoT and BPMN 2.0. In particular, this study has confirmed that the BPMNE4IoT framework facilitates the support of IoT-driven processes.}, language = {en} } @article{WienrichCarolusMarkusetal.2023, author = {Wienrich, Carolin and Carolus, Astrid and Markus, Andr{\´e} and Augustin, Yannik and Pfister, Jan and Hotho, Andreas}, title = {Long-term effects of perceived friendship with intelligent voice assistants on usage behavior, user experience, and social perceptions}, series = {Computers}, volume = {12}, journal = {Computers}, number = {4}, issn = {2073-431X}, doi = {10.3390/computers12040077}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-313552}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Social patterns and roles can develop when users talk to intelligent voice assistants (IVAs) daily. The current study investigates whether users assign different roles to devices and how this affects their usage behavior, user experience, and social perceptions. Since social roles take time to establish, we equipped 106 participants with Alexa or Google assistants and some smart home devices and observed their interactions for nine months. We analyzed diverse subjective (questionnaire) and objective data (interaction data). By combining social science and data science analyses, we identified two distinct clusters—users who assigned a friendship role to IVAs over time and users who did not. Interestingly, these clusters exhibited significant differences in their usage behavior, user experience, and social perceptions of the devices. For example, participants who assigned a role to IVAs attributed more friendship to them used them more frequently, reported more enjoyment during interactions, and perceived more empathy for IVAs. In addition, these users had distinct personal requirements, for example, they reported more loneliness. This study provides valuable insights into the role-specific effects and consequences of voice assistants. Recent developments in conversational language models such as ChatGPT suggest that the findings of this study could make an important contribution to the design of dialogic human-AI interactions.}, language = {en} } @article{GreubelAndresHennecke2023, author = {Greubel, Andr{\´e} and Andres, Daniela and Hennecke, Martin}, title = {Analyzing reporting on ransomware incidents: a case study}, series = {Social Sciences}, volume = {12}, journal = {Social Sciences}, number = {5}, issn = {2076-0760}, doi = {10.3390/socsci12050265}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-313746}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Knowledge about ransomware is important for protecting sensitive data and for participating in public debates about suitable regulation regarding its security. However, as of now, this topic has received little to no attention in most school curricula. As such, it is desirable to analyze what citizens can learn about this topic outside of formal education, e.g., from news articles. This analysis is both relevant to analyzing the public discourse about ransomware, as well as to identify what aspects of this topic should be included in the limited time available for this topic in formal education. Thus, this paper was motivated both by educational and media research. The central goal is to explore how the media reports on this topic and, additionally, to identify potential misconceptions that could stem from this reporting. To do so, we conducted an exploratory case study into the reporting of 109 media articles regarding a high-impact ransomware event: the shutdown of the Colonial Pipeline (located in the east of the USA). We analyzed how the articles introduced central terminology, what details were provided, what details were not, and what (mis-)conceptions readers might receive from them. Our results show that an introduction of the terminology and technical concepts of security is insufficient for a complete understanding of the incident. Most importantly, the articles may lead to four misconceptions about ransomware that are likely to lead to misleading conclusions about the responsibility for the incident and possible political and technical options to prevent such attacks in the future.}, language = {en} }