@article{BenderReschKleinetal.2012, author = {Bender, Stephan and Resch, Franz and Klein, Christoph and Renner, Tobias and Fallgatter, Andreas J. and Weisbrod, Matthias and Romanos, Marcel}, title = {Influence of Stimulant Medication and Response Speed on Lateralization of Movement-Related Potentials in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder}, series = {PLoS One}, volume = {7}, journal = {PLoS One}, number = {6}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0039012}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-135262}, pages = {e39012}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Background: Hyperactivity is one of the core symptoms in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, it remains unclear in which way the motor system itself and its development are affected by the disorder. Movement-related potentials (MRP) can separate different stages of movement execution, from the programming of a movement to motor post-processing and memory traces. Pre-movement MRP are absent or positive during early childhood and display a developmental increase of negativity. Methods: We examined the influences of response-speed, an indicator of the level of attention, and stimulant medication on lateralized MRP in 16 children with combined type ADHD compared to 20 matched healthy controls. Results: We detected a significantly diminished lateralisation of MRP over the pre-motor and primary motor cortex during movement execution (initial motor potential peak, iMP) in patients with ADHD. Fast reactions (indicating increased visuo-motor attention) led to increased lateralized negativity during movement execution only in healthy controls, while in children with ADHD faster reaction times were associated with more positive amplitudes. Even though stimulant medication had some effect on attenuating group differences in lateralized MRP, this effect was insufficient to normalize lateralized iMP amplitudes. Conclusions: A reduced focal (lateralized) motor cortex activation during the command to muscle contraction points towards an immature motor system and a maturation delay of the (pre-) motor cortex in children with ADHD. A delayed maturation of the neuronal circuitry, which involves primary motor cortex, may contribute to ADHD pathophysiology.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Bennetz2004, author = {Bennetz, Maike}, title = {Auff{\"a}lligkeiten in Ged{\"a}chtnisfunktionen bei Kindern mit Lese-Rechtschreibschw{\"a}che}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-10941}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2004}, abstract = {Ziel der Studie war die Exploration von Funktionen des Kurzzeitged{\"a}chtnisses bei lese-rechtschreibschwachen Kindern (LRS) im Vergleich zu einer schriftsprachlich normal entwickelten Kontrollgruppe (KG). Ged{\"a}chtnisfunktionen sollten im Hinblick auf Entwicklungsver{\"a}nderungen {\"u}ber eine Altersspanne von acht bis dreizehn Jahren untersucht werden. Bei einem m{\"o}glichen Ged{\"a}chtnisdefizit sollte {\"u}berpr{\"u}ft werden, ob dieses sich nur bei schriftsprach{\"a}hnlichem Material {\"a}ußerte oder ob es sich um ein allgemeineres Defizit handelte. Insgesamt 65 lese-rechtschreibschwache und schriftsprachlich normal entwickelte Kinder der Altersgruppen 8-9 Jahre, 10-11 Jahre und 12-13 Jahre wurden Aufgaben zur Ged{\"a}chtnisspanne, zur Benennungsgeschwindigkeit und zur Suchrate unterzogen. In den Aufgaben zur Ged{\"a}chtnisspanne und zur Benennungsgeschwindigkeit zeigten die lese-rechtschreibschwachen Kinder deutlich schlechtere Leistungen als die Kontrollgruppe, und beide untersuchten Gruppen verbesserten sich in ihren Leistungen mit ansteigendem Alter. Hinweise f{\"u}r ein schriftsprachorientiertes Defizit im Falle der Rechtschreibschwachen ließen sich den Aufgaben zur Ged{\"a}chtnisspanne und zur Suchrate entnehmen. Zusammenfassend best{\"a}tigen die vorliegenden Ergebnisse Defizite in Funktionen des Kurzzeitged{\"a}chtnisses bei LRS. {\"U}ber die untersuchte Altersspanne hinweg kam es nicht zu einer Ann{\"a}herung der Leistungen der Rechtschreibschwachen an die der Kontrollgruppe, was f{\"u}r ein bleibendes Defizit im Fall der LRS spricht. Um zu eindeutigen Ergebnissen hinsichtlich der Schriftsprachabh{\"a}ngigkeit der Ged{\"a}chtnisdefizite bei LRS kommen zu k{\"o}nnen, m{\"u}ssen weitere Studien abgewartet werden.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Beyer2006, author = {Beyer, Regina-Maria}, title = {Kognitive und psychosoziale Faktoren bei Kindern mit Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/ Hyperaktivit{\"a}tsst{\"o}rung (ADHS) und Lese-Rechtschreibst{\"o}rung}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-18932}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Zusammenfassung Die retrospektive Datenanalyse dreier Gruppen {\`a} 20 Kinder im Alter von 8-12 Jahren mit hyperkinetischen St{\"o}rungen und/oder einer Lese-Rechtschreibst{\"o}rung der Klinik und Poliklinik f{\"u}r Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie der Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg ergab die nachfolgenden Ergebnisse. Die Ergebnisse der vorliegenden Studie finden sich in der Literatur wieder. Kognitive F{\"a}higkeiten Im kognitiven Bereich fanden sich wenige Unterschiede zwischen den Gruppen. Nachteile ergaben sich aus der Tatsache heraus, dass die Studie retrospektiv durchgef{\"u}hrt wurde und die Fallzahlen daher teils sehr klein waren. Sozial-emotionaler Bereich F{\"u}r den sozial-emotionalen Bereich fanden sich plausible Ergebnisse. Den Kindern mit einer Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/ Hyperaktivit{\"a}tsst{\"o}rung (ADHS) waren vermehrt expansive Verhaltensweisen nachzuweisen wie zum Beispiel ein gest{\"o}rtes Regelverhalten, oppositionelles Verhalten, Aggressivit{\"a}t, Probleme mit Gleichaltrigen, Einzelg{\"a}ngerdasein oder Auff{\"a}lligkeiten in der Vorschule. Bei den Kindern mit Lese-Rechtschreibst{\"o}rung fanden sich vielmehr introversive Merkmale wie beispielsweise eine emotionale St{\"o}rung, ein mangelndes Selbstwertgef{\"u}hl oder Schulangst. Psychosoziale Situation Die Auswertung des Psychosozialen Bereiches der Kinder mittels Achse V und VI des multiaxialen Klassifikationsschemas f{\"u}r psychische St{\"o}rungen des Kindes- und Jugendalters ergab eine Belastung der Kinder mit hyperkinetischen St{\"o}rungen vor allem durch eine abweichende Elternsituation und eine negativ ver{\"a}nderte famili{\"a}re Beziehung durch neue Familienmitglieder. Die Kinder mit Lese-Rechtschreibst{\"o}rung waren besonders betroffen von einer chronischen zwischenmenschlichen Belastung in Zusammenhang mit der Schule sowie von der Herabsetzung der Selbstachtung.}, language = {de} } @article{BiehlDreslerReifetal.2011, author = {Biehl, Stefanie C. and Dresler, Thomas and Reif, Andreas and Scheuerpflug, Peter and Deckert, J{\"u}rgen and Herrmann, Martin J.}, title = {Dopamine Transporter (DAT1) and Dopamine Receptor D4 (DRD4) Genotypes Differentially Impact on Electrophysiological Correlates of Error Processing}, series = {PLoS One}, volume = {6}, journal = {PLoS One}, number = {12}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0028396}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-137930}, pages = {e28396}, year = {2011}, abstract = {Recent studies as well as theoretical models of error processing assign fundamental importance to the brain's dopaminergic system. Research about how the electrophysiological correlates of error processing—the error-related negativity (ERN) and the error positivity (Pe)—are influenced by variations of common dopaminergic genes, however, is still relatively scarce. In the present study, we therefore investigated whether polymorphisms in the DAT1 gene and in the DRD4 gene, respectively, lead to interindividual differences in these error processing correlates. One hundred sixty participants completed a version of the Eriksen Flanker Task while a 26-channel EEG was recorded. The task was slightly modified in order to increase error rates. During data analysis, participants were split into two groups depending on their DAT1 and their DRD4 genotypes, respectively. ERN and Pe amplitudes after correct responses and after errors as well as difference amplitudes between errors and correct responses were analyzed. We found a differential effect of DAT1 genotype on the Pe difference amplitude but not on the ERN difference amplitude, while the reverse was true for DRD4 genotype. These findings are in line with predictions from theoretical models of dopaminergic transmission in the brain. They furthermore tie results from clinical investigations of disorders impacting on the dopamine system to genetic variations known to be at-risk genotypes.}, language = {en} } @article{BiehlMerzDresleretal.2016, author = {Biehl, Stefanie C. and Merz, Christian J. and Dresler, Thomas and Heupel, Julia and Reichert, Susanne and Jacob, Christian P. and Deckert, J{\"u}rgen and Herrmann, Martin J.}, title = {Increase or Decrease of fMRI Activity in Adult Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder: Does It Depend on Task Difficulty?}, series = {International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology}, volume = {19}, journal = {International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology}, number = {10}, doi = {10.1093/ijnp/pyw049}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-147551}, pages = {pyw049}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Background: Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder has been shown to affect working memory, and fMRI studies in children and adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder report hypoactivation in task-related attentional networks. However, studies with adult attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder patients addressing this issue as well as the effects of clinically valid methylphenidate treatment are scarce. This study contributes to closing this gap. Methods: Thirty-five adult patients were randomized to 6 weeks of double-blind placebo or methylphenidate treatment. Patients completed an fMRI n-back working memory task both before and after the assigned treatment, and matched healthy controls were tested and compared to the untreated patients. Results: There were no whole-brain differences between any of the groups. However, when specified regions of interest were investigated, the patient group showed enhanced BOLD responses in dorsal and ventral areas before treatment. This increase was correlated with performance across all participants and with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms in the patient group. Furthermore, we found an effect of treatment in the right superior frontal gyrus, with methylphenidate-treated patients exhibiting increased activation, which was absent in the placebo-treated patients. Conclusions: Our results indicate distinct activation differences between untreated adult attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder patients and matched healthy controls during a working memory task. These differences might reflect compensatory efforts by the patients, who are performing at the same level as the healthy controls. We furthermore found a positive effect of methylphenidate on the activation of a frontal region of interest. These observations contribute to a more thorough understanding of adult attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and provide impulses for the evaluation of therapy-related changes.}, language = {en} } @article{Briegel2021, author = {Briegel, Wolfgang}, title = {Psychiatric comorbidities in 1p36 deletion syndrome and their treatment — a case report}, series = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health}, volume = {18}, journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health}, number = {22}, issn = {1660-4601}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph182212064}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-250189}, year = {2021}, abstract = {1p36 deletion syndrome represents the most common terminal deletion observed in humans. Major clinical findings comprise developmental delay/intellectual disability, poor or absent expressive language, congenital central muscular hypotonia, brain anomalies, brachydactyly/camptodactyly, short feet, and characteristic facial features like straight eyebrows, deep-set eyes, and midface hypoplasia. So far, there is very limited knowledge about comorbid psychiatric disorders and their effective treatment in this special population. To fill this gap, this case report presents an initially four-year-old girl with 1p36.33-1p36.32 deletion, moderate intellectual disability, insomnia, oppositional-defiant disorder and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder covering a period of time of about 1.5 years comprising initial psychological/psychiatric assessment, subsequent day clinic/outpatient treatment (amongst others including off-label use of melatonin and methylphenidate as well as parent-child interaction therapy) and follow-up assessment. Follow-up results indicated good efficacy of melatonin and methylphenidate medication without any adverse effects. Multidisciplinarity in diagnosis and treatment are mandatory to meet needs of patients with complex genetic disorders like 1p36 deletion syndrome. Off-label use of melatonin (for insomnia) and methylphenidate (for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder) should be considered in young children with 1p36 deletion syndrome if behavioral interventions are not sufficient.}, language = {en} } @article{BriegelAndritschky2021, author = {Briegel, Wolfgang and Andritschky, Christoph}, title = {Psychological adjustment of children and adolescents with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome and their mothers' stress and coping — a longitudinal study}, series = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health}, volume = {18}, journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health}, number = {5}, issn = {1660-4601}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph18052707}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-234101}, year = {2021}, abstract = {At present, there is a lack of longitudinal studies on the psychological adjustment of both children and adolescents with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) and their primary caregivers. To fill this gap, we performed a four-year follow-up study. Mothers filled out the Child Behavior Checklist 4-18, the Social Orientation of Parents with Handicapped Children questionnaire to assess maternal stress and coping strategies, and the Freiburger Personality Inventory-Revised — subscales strain and life satisfaction. Fifty-five subjects with 22q11.2DS (26 males and 29 females; age: M = 10.79 years, SD = 3.56 years) and their biological mothers (age: M = 40.84 years, SD = 4.68 years) were included in this study. Significantly higher levels of behavior problems than in the general population and an increase in these problems, especially internalizing ones, over time could be found. In contrast, maternal stress did not change significantly over time, but mothers demonstrated increased levels of strain and reduced life satisfaction at T2. Thus, careful monitoring as well as early and adequate interventions, if indicated, should be offered to families with a child with 22q11.2DS, not only for somatic complaints but also for problems with psychological adjustment.}, language = {en} } @article{BriegelGreuelStrothetal.2019, author = {Briegel, Wolfgang and Greuel, Jan and Stroth, Sanna and Heinrichs, Nina}, title = {Parents' perception of their 2-10-year-old children's contribution to the dyadic parent-child relationship in terms of positive and negative behaviors}, series = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health}, volume = {16}, journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health}, number = {7}, issn = {1660-4601}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph16071123}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-197411}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Parent-child relationship is developed and changed through reciprocal interactions between a child and his/her parent, and these interactions can strongly influence the child's development across domains (e.g., emotional, physical, and intellectual). However, little is known about the parental perception of the child's contribution to the dyadic parent-child relationship in terms of positive and negative behaviors. We therefore aimed to develop and validate an economical parent-report instrument to assess these important aspects. The validation study included 1642 mothers (M\(_{age}\) = 37.1) and 1068 fathers (M\(_{age}\) = 40.4) of 1712 children aged 2-10 years (M\(_{age}\) = 6.6) who completed the new instrument, the Child Relationship Behavior Inventory (CRBI). Statistical results indicated that the CRBI is a reliable and valid measure. Mothers reported more positive child behaviors towards them, whereas fathers perceived fewer problems with problematic relationship behavior than mothers. In their parents' perception, girls showed more positive and less problematic relationship behaviors than boys. The frequency of problematic child relationship behavior significantly decreased with increasing child age while positive relationship behavior did not show any correlation with the child's age. To assess both positive and negative child relationship behaviors could be helpful to better understand the relevance of these different aspects for the development of the parent-child relationship.}, language = {en} } @article{BriegelHoyer2020, author = {Briegel, Wolfgang and Hoyer, Juliane}, title = {Psychiatric disorders and distal 21q deletion — a case report}, series = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health}, volume = {17}, journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health}, number = {9}, issn = {1660-4601}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph17093096}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-203769}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Partial deletion of chromosome 21q is a very rare genetic condition with highly variable phenotypic features including heart defects, high or cleft palate, brain malformations (e.g., cerebral atrophy), developmental delay and intellectual disability. So far, there is very limited knowledge about psychiatric disorders and their effective treatment in this special population. To fill this gap, the authors present the case of an initially five-year-old girl with distal deletion (del21q22.2) and comorbid oppositional defiant disorder (main psychiatric diagnosis) covering a period of time of almost four years comprising initial psychological/psychiatric assessment, subsequent treatment with Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT), and follow-up assessments. Post-intervention results including a 19-month follow-up indicated good overall efficacy of PCIT and high parental satisfaction with the treatment. This case report makes a substantial contribution to enhancing knowledge on psychiatric comorbidity and its effective treatment in patients with terminal 21q deletion. Moreover, it emphasizes the necessity of multidisciplinarity in diagnosis and treatment due to the variety of anomalies associated with 21q deletion. Regular screenings for psychiatric disorders and (if indicated) thorough psychological and psychiatric assessment seem to be reasonable in most affected children, as children with developmental delays are at increased risk of developing psychiatric disorders. As demonstrated with this case report, PCIT seems to be a good choice to effectively reduce disruptive behaviors in young children with partial deletion of chromosome 21q.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Buchner2021, author = {Buchner, Kim}, title = {Untersuchungen zur Assoziation von Schlafbruxismus und psychischer Belastung bei Kindern}, doi = {10.25972/OPUS-22563}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-225639}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Bruxismus bezeichnet eine sich wiederholende Kaumuskelaktivit{\"a}t mit Knirschen oder Aufeinanderpressen der Z{\"a}hne. W{\"a}hrend bei Erwachsenen die Ursachen und die Pathophysiologie schon weitreichend erforscht wurden, gab es bei Kindern bislang keine systematische Untersuchung hinsichtlich des Zusammenhangs mit psychopathologischen Faktoren. Deshalb wurde unsere Studie nun erstmals mit Bruxismusmessung nach Goldstandard sowie mit normierten und validierten Frageb{\"o}gen zu verschiedenen psychosozialen Dimensionen als Querschnittsuntersuchung bei 53 acht- bis zw{\"o}lfj{\"a}hrigen Kindern durchgef{\"u}hrt. Besonderes Augenmerk wurde dabei auf den hypothetisierten Zusammenhang zwischen Schlafbruxismus und Angstsensitivit{\"a}t sowie Angstintensit{\"a}t gelegt. Außerdem wurde der Einfluss weiterer psychosozialer Faktoren (wie Lebensqualit{\"a}t, Anzahl negativer Lebensereignisse, Verhaltensauff{\"a}lligkeiten, ADHS-Symptomatik, depressive Symptomatik, Zwangssymptomatik, Ticsymptomatik, Alter und Geschlecht) auf die o.g. Pr{\"a}diktoren per multipler Regressionsanalyse gepr{\"u}ft. Auf Basis der durchgef{\"u}hrten Untersuchung ergaben sich keine Hinweise auf eine Assoziation von Bruxismus zu psychosozialen Dimensionen. Die vorbeschriebenen Zusammenh{\"a}nge erwiesen sich als statistisch nicht signifikant. Dies mag zum einen der Stichprobenauswahl von gesunden Kindern geschuldet sein, die weder von Bruxismus noch von anderen Faktoren vorbekannt klinisch beeintr{\"a}chtigt waren. Andererseits k{\"o}nnen aber auch fehlerhafte Ausgangs{\"u}berlegungen durch nicht dem Goldstandard entsprechenden Messungen der Vorstudien zu diesem Ergebnis gef{\"u}hrt haben. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus verl{\"a}uft die Kindesentwicklung interindividuell sehr variabel und tempor{\"a}re myofunktionelle Beeintr{\"a}chtigungen k{\"o}nnen ohne Bezug zu psychischer Belastung auftreten.}, subject = {Bruxismus}, language = {de} }