@article{DempfleHerpertzDahlmannTimmesfeldetal.2013, author = {Dempfle, Astrid and Herpertz-Dahlmann, Beate and Timmesfeld, Nina and Schwarte, Reinhild and Egberts, Karin M. and Pfeiffer, Ernst and Fleischhaker, Christian and Wewetzer, Christoph and B{\"u}hren, Katharina}, title = {Predictors of the resumption of menses in adolescent anorexia nervosa}, series = {BMC Psychiatry}, volume = {13}, journal = {BMC Psychiatry}, number = {308}, doi = {10.1186/1471-244X-13-308}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-122106}, year = {2013}, abstract = {Background: The resumption of menses is an important indicator of recovery in anorexia nervosa (AN). Patients with early-onset AN are at particularly great risk of suffering from the long-term physical and psychological consequences of persistent gonadal dysfunction. However, the clinical variables that predict the recovery of menstrual function during weight gain in AN remain poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of several clinical parameters on the resumption of menses in first-onset adolescent AN in a large, well-characterized, homogenous sample that was followed-up for 12 months. Methods: A total of 172 female adolescent patients with first-onset AN according to DSM-IV criteria were recruited for inclusion in a randomized, multi-center, German clinical trial. Menstrual status and clinical variables (i.e., premorbid body mass index (BMI), age at onset, duration of illness, duration of hospital treatment, achievement of target weight at discharge, and BMI) were assessed at the time of admission to or discharge from hospital treatment and at a 12-month follow-up. Based on German reference data, we calculated the percentage of expected body weight (\%EBW), BMI percentile, and BMI standard deviation score (BMI-SDS) for all time points to investigate the relationship between different weight measurements and resumption of menses. Results: Forty-seven percent of the patients spontaneously began menstruating during the follow-up period. \%EBW at the 12-month follow-up was strongly correlated with the resumption of menses. The absence of menarche before admission, a higher premorbid BMI, discharge below target weight, and a longer duration of hospital treatment were the most relevant prognostic factors for continued amenorrhea. Conclusions: The recovery of menstrual function in adolescent patients with AN should be a major treatment goal to prevent severe long-term physical and psychological sequelae. Patients with premenarchal onset of AN are at particular risk for protracted amenorrhea despite weight rehabilitation. Reaching and maintaining a target weight between the 15th and 20th BMI percentile is favorable for the resumption of menses within 12 months. Whether patients with a higher premorbid BMI may benefit from a higher target weight needs to be investigated in further studies.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Eckert2024, author = {Eckert, Lisa Doreen}, title = {Multimodale Verfahren zum Eisenstoffwechsel bei ADHS - Vergleichende Bildgebung}, doi = {10.25972/OPUS-34829}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-348295}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Die Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivit{\"a}tsst{\"o}rung (ADHS) geh{\"o}rt weltweit zu den bedeutendsten psychiatrischen Erkrankungen des Kinder- und Jugendalters. Die Pathomechanismen sind aktuell noch nicht vollst{\"a}ndig gekl{\"a}rt, wobei es deutliche Hinweise auf hirnorganische Ver{\"a}nderungen gibt. Die transkranielle Sonographie stellt eine nicht-invasive Methode dar, strukturelle Unterschiede tiefer Hirnstrukturen zu untersuchen. Bereits in vorangegangenen Studien konnte mit der Methode eine Ver{\"a}nderung der Echogenit{\"a}t der Substantia nigra (SN) bei Kindern mit ADHS im Vergleich zu gesunden Kontrollprobanden nachgewiesen werden. In dieser Studie sollen nun die m{\"o}glichen physiologischen Hintergr{\"u}nde der erh{\"o}hten Echogenit{\"a}t der Substantia Nigra in Zusammenschau mit bildgebenden Verfahren betrachtet werden. Hierzu wurde in der vorliegenden multimodalen Studie bei 20 m{\"a}nnlichen Kindern mit ADHS im Alter zwischen 8 und 12 Jahren eine transkranielle Ultraschalluntersuchung (TCS) zur Bestimmung der echogenen Fl{\"a}che der Substantia Nigra sowie ein neuromelaninsensitives cMRT zur Bestimmung des neuromelaninassoziierten Volumens der SN, sowie des neuromelaninassoziierten Kontrastes SN/Cb durchgef{\"u}hrt. Als Kennwerte des peripheren Eisenhaushalts wurden die Konzentrationen von Eisen, Ferritin und Transferrin im Blut bestimmt. In die Auswertung gingen außerdem die St{\"a}rke der ADHS-Symptomatik (Strength and Difficulties Questionaire, SDQ; Fremdbeurteilungsbogen bei ADHS, FBB-ADHS), die kognitive Begabung ({\"u}ber CFT-20-R) und das Alter der Probanden ein. Psychiatrische Komorbidit{\"a}t wurde mit Hilfe der Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) erhoben.}, subject = {Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-Syndrom}, language = {de} } @article{EgbertsFeketeHaegeetal.2022, author = {Egberts, Karin and Fekete, Stefanie and H{\"a}ge, Alexander and Hiemke, Christoph and Scherf-Clavel, Maike and Taurines, Regina and Unterecker, Stefan and Gerlach, Manfred and Romanos, Marcel}, title = {Therapeutisches Drug Monitoring zur Optimierung der Psychopharmakotherapie von Kindern und Jugendlichen: Update und Leitfaden f{\"u}r die Praxis}, series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie}, volume = {50}, journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie}, number = {2}, issn = {1422-4917}, doi = {10.1024/1422-4917/a000845}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-262038}, pages = {133-152}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Trotz verbesserter Evidenzbasis bestehen in der kinder- und jugendpsychiatrischen Pharmakotherapie viele Unsicherheiten {\"u}ber die Wirkung und Vertr{\"a}glichkeit der h{\"a}ufig off-label oder in Kombinationstherapie verordneten Medikamente. Gerade auch vor dem Hintergrund der in vielen F{\"a}llen notwendigen mittel- bis langfristigen Einnahme sollen unerw{\"u}nschte Arzneimittelwirkungen in dieser Altersstufe m{\"o}glichst minimiert und eine auf die individuellen Charakteristika der Patientin oder des Patienten zugeschnittene, effektive Dosierung gefunden werden. Kinder und Jugendliche scheinen nicht nur besonders anf{\"a}llig f{\"u}r bestimmte unerw{\"u}nschte Arzneimittelwirkungen, sondern sind auch iatrogenen Risiken durch Dosierungs- oder Applikationsfehler ausgesetzt, die zu Unter- oder {\"U}berdosierungen f{\"u}hren k{\"o}nnen mit entsprechend negativen Auswirkungen auf den Therapieerfolg. Neben einer strengen Indikationsstellung sind daher eine pr{\"a}zise Dosisfindung sowie systematische {\"U}berwachung der Sicherheit der Psychopharmakotherapie unverzichtbar. In diesem Artikel wird Therapeutisches Drug Monitoring als hilfreiches klinisches Instrument vorgestellt und beschrieben, wie dessen richtige Anwendung sowohl die Wirksamkeit als auch die Sicherheit und Vertr{\"a}glichkeit einer Psychopharmakotherapie im Kindes- und Jugendalter zum unmittelbaren Nutzen f{\"u}r die Patientinnen und Patienten verbessern kann.}, language = {de} } @article{EmserJohnstonSteeleetal.2018, author = {Emser, Theresa S. and Johnston, Blair A. and Steele, J. Douglas and Kooij, Sandra and Thorell, Lisa and Christiansen, Hanna}, title = {Assessing ADHD symptoms in children and adults: evaluating the role of objective measures}, series = {Behavioral and Brain Functions}, volume = {14}, journal = {Behavioral and Brain Functions}, number = {11}, doi = {10.1186/s12993-018-0143-x}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-175717}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Background: Diagnostic guidelines recommend using a variety of methods to assess and diagnose ADHD. Applying subjective measures always incorporates risks such as informant biases or large differences between ratings obtained from diverse sources. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that ratings and tests seem to assess somewhat different constructs. The use of objective measures might thus yield valuable information for diagnosing ADHD. This study aims at evaluating the role of objective measures when trying to distinguish between individuals with ADHD and controls. Our sample consisted of children (n = 60) and adults (n = 76) diagnosed with ADHD and matched controls who completed self- and observer ratings as well as objective tasks. Diagnosis was primarily based on clinical interviews. A popular pattern recognition approach, support vector machines, was used to predict the diagnosis. Results: We observed relatively high accuracy of 79\% (adults) and 78\% (children) applying solely objective measures. Predicting an ADHD diagnosis using both subjective and objective measures exceeded the accuracy of objective measures for both adults (89.5\%) and children (86.7\%), with the subjective variables proving to be the most relevant. Conclusions: We argue that objective measures are more robust against rater bias and errors inherent in subjective measures and may be more replicable. Considering the high accuracy of objective measures only, we found in our study, we think that they should be incorporated in diagnostic procedures for assessing ADHD.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Euteneuer2006, author = {Euteneuer, Wolfram}, title = {Nierentransplantation an der Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg - eine retrospektive Datenanalyse von 1984 bis 2004}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-20759}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Am Klinikum der Julius-Maximilians-Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg werden seit Dezember 1984 Nierentransplantationen durchgef{\"u}hrt. Die vorliegende Arbeit erfasst retrospektiv den Zeitraum zwischen 1984 und 2004 und versucht, ein Bild von der Entwicklung des Nierentransplantationsprogramms in W{\"u}rzburg und den erreichten Erfolgen zu vermitteln. Im Laufe dieser Zeit unterlag die Population der Organspender und der Organempf{\"a}nger einem stetigen Wandel, w{\"a}hrend sich die eingesetzten immunsuppressiven Schemata h{\"a}ufig ver{\"a}nderten. Viele neue Medikamente wurden im Laufe der Jahre eingef{\"u}hrt und Therapierichtlinien definiert, die zielgenauer das Immunsystem therapeutisch ausschalteten.}, language = {de} } @article{FarmerStrzelczykFinisguerraetal.2021, author = {Farmer, Adam D. and Strzelczyk, Adam and Finisguerra, Alessandra and Gourine, Alexander V. and Gharabaghi, Alireza and Hasan, Alkomiet and Burger, Andreas M. and Jaramillo, Andr{\´e}s M. and Mertens, Ann and Majid, Arshad and Verkuil, Bart and Badran, Bashar W. and Ventura-Bort, Carlos and Gaul, Charly and Beste, Christian and Warren, Christopher M. and Quintana, Daniel S. and H{\"a}mmerer, Dorothea and Freri, Elena and Frangos, Eleni and Tobaldini, Eleonora and Kaniusas, Eugenijus and Rosenow, Felix and Capone, Fioravante and Panetsos, Fivos and Ackland, Gareth L. and Kaithwas, Gaurav and O'Leary, Georgia H. and Genheimer, Hannah and Jacobs, Heidi I. L. and Van Diest, Ilse and Schoenen, Jean and Redgrave, Jessica and Fang, Jiliang and Deuchars, Jim and Sz{\´e}les, Jozsef C. and Thayer, Julian F. and More, Kaushik and Vonck, Kristl and Steenbergen, Laura and Vianna, Lauro C. and McTeague, Lisa M. and Ludwig, Mareike and Veldhuizen, Maria G. and De Couck, Marijke and Casazza, Marina and Keute, Marius and Bikson, Marom and Andreatta, Marta and D'Agostini, Martina and Weymar, Mathias and Betts, Matthew and Prigge, Matthias and Kaess, Michael and Roden, Michael and Thai, Michelle and Schuster, Nathaniel M. and Montano, Nicola and Hansen, Niels and Kroemer, Nils B. and Rong, Peijing and Fischer, Rico and Howland, Robert H. and Sclocco, Roberta and Sellaro, Roberta and Garcia, Ronald G. and Bauer, Sebastian and Gancheva, Sofiya and Stavrakis, Stavros and Kampusch, Stefan and Deuchars, Susan A. and Wehner, Sven and Laborde, Sylvain and Usichenko, Taras and Polak, Thomas and Zaehle, Tino and Borges, Uirassu and Teckentrup, Vanessa and Jandackova, Vera K. and Napadow, Vitaly and Koenig, Julian}, title = {International Consensus Based Review and Recommendations for Minimum Reporting Standards in Research on Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation (Version 2020)}, series = {Frontiers in Human Neuroscience}, volume = {14}, journal = {Frontiers in Human Neuroscience}, issn = {1662-5161}, doi = {10.3389/fnhum.2020.568051}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-234346}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Given its non-invasive nature, there is increasing interest in the use of transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) across basic, translational and clinical research. Contemporaneously, tVNS can be achieved by stimulating either the auricular branch or the cervical bundle of the vagus nerve, referred to as transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation(VNS) and transcutaneous cervical VNS, respectively. In order to advance the field in a systematic manner, studies using these technologies need to adequately report sufficient methodological detail to enable comparison of results between studies, replication of studies, as well as enhancing study participant safety. We systematically reviewed the existing tVNS literature to evaluate current reporting practices. Based on this review, and consensus among participating authors, we propose a set of minimal reporting items to guide future tVNS studies. The suggested items address specific technical aspects of the device and stimulation parameters. We also cover general recommendations including inclusion and exclusion criteria for participants, outcome parameters and the detailed reporting of side effects. Furthermore, we review strategies used to identify the optimal stimulation parameters for a given research setting and summarize ongoing developments in animal research with potential implications for the application of tVNS in humans. Finally, we discuss the potential of tVNS in future research as well as the associated challenges across several disciplines in research and clinical practice.}, language = {en} } @article{FauserWeselekHauptmannetal.2020, author = {Fauser, Mareike and Weselek, Grit and Hauptmann, Christine and Markert, Franz and Gerlach, Manfred and Hermann, Andreas and Storch, Alexander}, title = {Catecholaminergic Innervation of Periventricular Neurogenic Regions of the Developing Mouse Brain}, series = {Frontiers in Neuroanatomy}, volume = {14}, journal = {Frontiers in Neuroanatomy}, doi = {10.3389/fnana.2020.558435}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-212485}, year = {2020}, abstract = {The major catecholamines—dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE)—are not only involved in synaptic communication but also act as important trophic factors and might ultimately be involved in mammalian brain development. The catecholaminergic innervation of neurogenic regions of the developing brain and its putative relationship to neurogenesis is thus of pivotal interest. We here determined DA and NE innervation around the ventricular/subventricular zone (VZ/SVZ) bordering the whole ventricular system of the developing mouse brain from embryonic day 14.5 (E14.5), E16.5, and E19.5 until postnatal day zero (P0) by histological evaluation and HPLC with electrochemical detection. We correlated these data with the proliferation capacity of the respective regions by quantification of MCM\(^{2+}\) cells. During development, VZ/SVZ catecholamine levels dramatically increased between E16.5 and P0 with DA levels increasing in forebrain VZ/SVZ bordering the lateral ventricles and NE levels raising in midbrain/hindbrain VZ/SVZ bordering the third ventricle, the aqueduct, and the fourth ventricle. Conversely, proliferating MCM\(^{2+}\) cell counts dropped between E16.5 and E19.5 with a special focus on all VZ/SVZs outside the lateral ventricles. We detected an inverse strong negative correlation of the proliferation capacity in the periventricular neurogenic regions (log-transformed MCM\(^{2+}\) cell counts) with their NE levels (r = -0.932; p < 0.001), but not their DA levels (r = 0.440; p = 0.051) suggesting putative inhibitory effects of NE on cell proliferation within the periventricular regions during mouse brain development. Our data provide the first framework for further demandable studies on the functional importance of catecholamines, particularly NE, in regulating neural stem/progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation during mammalian brain development.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Fekete2018, author = {Fekete, Stefanie}, title = {Therapeutisches Drug Monitoring (TDM) von Kindern und Jugendlichen unter Behandlung mit Tiaprid : eine prospektive naturalistische Beobachtungsstudie}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173085}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Tiaprid wird bei Kindern und Jugendlichen im deutschsprachigen Raum als Mittel der ersten Wahl zur Behandlung von Ticst{\"o}rungen off-label eingesetzt. Es gilt dabei die generelle Empfehlung, Therapeutischen Drug Monitoring (TDM) bei der Behandlung von Minderj{\"a}hrigen mit Neuro-/Psychopharmaka durchzuf{\"u}hren. Therapeutische Referenzbereiche f{\"u}r Tiaprid sind bisher jedoch nur f{\"u}r erwachsene Patienten mit Chorea Huntington definiert worden (1000 bis 2000 ng/ml) (Hiemke et al., 2011). An ausgew{\"a}hlten Zentren im Rahmen des Kompetenznetzwerks Therapeutisches Drug Monitoring Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie (www.tdm-kjp.com) wurden von 2007 bis 2014 standardisiert TDM-Daten erfasst, um den Zusammenhang zwischen Dosis, Serumkonzentration, Wirksamkeit und UAW von Tiaprid zu untersuchen sowie Hinweise auf einen m{\"o}glichen alters- und diagnosespezifischen therapeutischen Referenzbereich zu generieren. Bei den 49 Patienten (mittleres Alter 12,5 Jahre; 84 \% m{\"a}nnlich) zeigte sich eine positive Korrelation (r= 0.76; p< .001) zwischen der Dosis (Mittelwert 354 mg) und der Serumkonzentration von Tiaprid (Mittelwert 1324 ng/ml) mit einer ausgepr{\"a}gten interindividuellen Variabilit{\"a}t, jedoch keine Beziehung zwischen Serumkonzentration und Wirkeffekt (83,3 \% profitierten) bzw. UAW in der Gesamtpopulation. Die Auswertung der Verlaufsmessungen von Patienten mit mehreren Messungen der Tiaprid-Serumkonzentration ergab beim dritten Messzeitpunkt eine negative Korrelation zwischen Wirkeffekt und Serumkonzentration (r= -.68; p= .032). Bei Patienten mit Serumkonzentrationen unter 2000 ng/ml wurde ein g{\"u}nstigerer klinischer Effekt dokumentiert als bei solchen mit Konzentrationen oberhalb dieses Wertes. Die ROC-Analyse ergab eine Sensitivit{\"a}t von 86 \%, ab einer Konzentration von 618 ng/ml zu respondieren (AUC= .524). Kein Patient litt an einer schweren UAW und nur wenige Patienten unter leichten oder mittelschweren UAW (n=13). Diese Ergebnisse lassen vermuten, dass der untere therapeutische Referenzbereich f{\"u}r jugendliche Patienten mit einer Tic-St{\"o}rung bei etwa 600 ng/ml liegt und die obere Grenze von 2000 ng/ml auch als Orientierungswert auf Kinder und Jugendliche gelten k{\"o}nnte. Bevor diesbez{\"u}glich g{\"u}ltige Empfehlungen f{\"u}r den klinischen Alltag formuliert werden, m{\"u}ssen Studien mit h{\"o}heren Fallzahlen und mehr kontrollierten Studiendesigns abgewartet werden. }, language = {de} } @article{FeketeEgbertsPreissleretal.2021, author = {Fekete, Stefanie and Egberts, K. and Preissler, T. and Wewetzer, C. and Mehler-Wex, C. and Romanos, M. and Gerlach, M.}, title = {Estimation of a preliminary therapeutic reference range for children and adolescents with tic disorders treated with tiapride}, series = {European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology}, volume = {77}, journal = {European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology}, number = {2}, doi = {10.1007/s00228-020-03000-0}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-279893}, pages = {163-170}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Purpose Tiapride is commonly used in Europe for the treatment of tics. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between dose and serum concentrations of tiapride and potential influential pharmacokinetic factors in children and adolescents. In addition, a preliminary therapeutic reference range for children and adolescents with tics treated with tiapride was calculated. Methods Children and adolescents treated with tiapride at three university hospitals and two departments of child and adolescents psychiatry in Germany and Austria were included in the study. Patient characteristics, doses, serum concentrations, and therapeutic outcome were assessed during clinical routine care using standardised measures. Results In the 49 paediatric patients (83.7\% male, mean age = 12.5 years), a positive correlation was found between tiapride dose (median 6.9 mg/kg, range 0.97-19.35) and serum concentration with marked inter-individual variability. The variation in dose explained 57\% of the inter-patient variability in tiapride serum concentrations; age, gender, and concomitant medication did not contribute to the variability. The symptoms improved in 83.3\% of the patients. 27.1\% of the patients had mild or moderate ADRs. No patient suffered from severe ADRs. Conclusions This study shows that tiapride treatment was effective and safe in most patients with tics. Compared with the therapeutic concentration range established for adults with Chorea Huntington, our data hinted at a lower lower limit (560 ng/ml) and similar upper limit (2000 ng/ml).}, language = {en} } @misc{FeketeEgbertsPreissleretal.2021, author = {Fekete, Stefanie and Egberts, K. and Preissler, T. and Wewetzer, C. and Mehler-Wex, C. and Romanos, M. and Gerlach, M.}, title = {Correction to: Estimation of a preliminary therapeutic reference range for children and adolescents with tic disorders treated with tiapride}, series = {European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology}, volume = {77}, journal = {European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology}, number = {8}, doi = {10.1007/s00228-021-03159-0}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-329467}, pages = {1257}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Correction to: European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology (2021) 77:163-170 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00228-020-03000-0}, language = {en} } @article{FeketeKulpokTaurinesetal.2023, author = {Fekete, Stefanie and Kulpok, Christine and Taurines, Regina and Egberts, Karin and Geissler, Julia and Gerlach, Manfred and Malonga Makosi, Doroth{\´e}e and K{\"o}nig, Jochem and Urschitz, Michael S. and Toni, Irmgard and Neubert, Antje and Romanos, Marcel}, title = {Value of a web-based pediatric drug information system to prevent serious adverse drug reactions in child and adolescent psychiatry}, series = {Journal of Neural Transmission}, volume = {130}, journal = {Journal of Neural Transmission}, number = {1}, doi = {10.1007/s00702-022-02563-9}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-324817}, pages = {53-63}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Psychotropic drugs are frequently prescribed 'off-label' to children and adolescents and carry the risk of serious adverse drug reactions (sADR). We examined the frequency of sADRs of psychotropic drugs in pediatric inpatients and explored their potential preventability through following the recommendations of a web-based pediatric drug information system (PDIS). The potential socio-economic impacts of using this online system is also addressed. Routine clinical data from all inpatients treated in a child and adolescent psychiatry department between January 2017 and December 2018 were retrospectively examined for the occurrence of sADRs as defined by the European Medicines Agency. The preventability of the sADRs was assessed based on the information of the PDIS. Furthermore, the expected prolongation of the hospital stay due to sADRs was calculated as well as the associated treatment costs. The study was supported by the Innovation Fund of the Joint Federal Committee, grant number 01NVF16021. In total, 1036 patients were screened of whom 658 (63.5\%) received psychopharmacological treatment. In 53 (8.1\%) of these patients 54 sADRs were documented, of which 37 sADRs were identified as potentially preventable through PDIS. Mitigating sADR through PDIS would likely have prevented prolonged hospital stays and conferred considerable savings for health insurance companies. PDIS provides systematic and evidence-based information about pediatric psychopharmacotherapy and helps to prevent prescribing errors. Therefore, PDIS is a useful tool to increase drug therapy safety in child and adolescent psychiatry. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm the results.}, language = {en} } @article{FrankeConzelmannGruenblattetal.2019, author = {Franke, Maximilian and Conzelmann, Annette and Gr{\"u}nblatt, Edna and Werling, Anna M. and Spieles, Helen and Wewetzer, Christoph and Warnke, Andreas and Romanos, Marcel and Walitza, Susanne and Renner, Tobias J.}, title = {No Association of Variants of the NPY-System With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in Children and Adolescents}, series = {Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience}, volume = {12}, journal = {Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience}, doi = {10.3389/fnmol.2019.00112}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-229051}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) causes severe distress and is therefore counted by the World Health Organisation (WHO) as one of the 10 most impairing illnesses. There is evidence for a strong genetic underpinning especially in early onset OCD (eoOCD). Though several genes involved in neurotransmission have been reported as candidates, there is still a need to identify new pathways. In this study, we focussed on genetic variants of the Neuropeptide Y (NPY) system. NPY is one of the most abundant neuropeptides in the human brain with emerging evidence of capacity to modulate stress response, which is of high relevance in OCD. We focussed on tag-SNPs of NPY and its receptor gene NPY1R in a family-based approach. The sample comprised 86 patients (children and adolescents) with eoOCD with both their biological parents. However, this first study on genetic variants of the NPY-system could not confirm the association between the investigated SNPs and eoOCD. Based on the small sample size results have to be interpreted as preliminary and should be replicated in larger samples. However, also in an additional GWAS analysis in a large sample, we could not observe an associations between NPY and OCD. Overall, these preliminary results point to a minor role of NPY on the stress response of OCD.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Frey2022, author = {Frey, Lillien Mara}, title = {Furchtgeneralisierung und Attentional Bias bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit einer St{\"o}rung des Sozialverhaltens}, doi = {10.25972/OPUS-25974}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-259746}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Bereits vorangegangene Studien haben zeigen k{\"o}nnen, dass eine verst{\"a}rke Generali- sierung von Furcht sowohl bei Erwachsenen, bei denen beispielsweise eine Angstst{\"o}rung oder eine PTSB diagnostiziert wurde, aber auch bei gesunden Kindern eine Rolle spielt. In unserer Studie untersuchten wir eine Gruppe Kinder und Jugendliche (n = 31, m = 25, w = 6; Alter = 13.35 ± 2.03), die eine St{\"o}rung des Sozialverhaltens aufwiesen, auf die Konditionierbarkeit von Furcht und eine m{\"o}gliche Furchtgeneralisierung. Diese Gruppe verglichen wir mit einer gesunden Kontrollgruppe (n = 29, m = 11, w = 18; Alter = 14.28 ± 2.43). Als Generalisierungsstimuli verwendeten wir ein Furchtgeneralisierungsparadigma mit zwei Frauengesichtern, die in vier Schritten aneinander angeglichen wurden. Zus{\"a}tzlich f{\"u}hrten wir mit beiden Probandengruppen ein Dot-Probe-Paradigma zur Objektivierung von Aufmerksamkeitsprozessen im Sinne eines Attentional Bias oder Attentional Avoidance mit emotionalen Gesichtern durch. Wir konnten eine erfolgreiche Furchtkonditionierung f{\"u}r beide Gruppen erreichen. Im Vergleich mit der gesunden Kontrollgruppe zeigte die externalisierende Probandengruppe eine verst{\"a}rke Furchtgeneralisierung. Hinsichtlich der subjektiven Valenz- und Kontingenzratings wurden die Unterschiede besonders deutlich. Eine verst{\"a}rkte Generalisierungsneigung bei erh{\"o}hter Trait-Angst konnten wir nicht finden. Die externalisierende Gruppe zeigte im Vergleich mit neutralen Gesichtern bei den emotionalen Gesichtern insgesamt einen Attentional Bias. Am deutlichsten war dabei eine verst{\"a}rkte Aufmerksamkeitslenkung hin zu gl{\"u}cklichen Gesichtern festzustellen. F{\"u}r die gesunde Kontrollgruppe konnten wir keine Besonderheiten bez{\"u}glich der Aufmerksamkeitsrichtung finden. Weiterf{\"u}hrende Studien sollten mit gr{\"o}ß- eren Probandengruppen und nach Geschlecht und Alter gepaarten Probanden durch- gef{\"u}hrt werden. Mit externalisierenden Probanden sollte ein Furchtgeneralisierungs- paradigma mit neutralen Stimuli (z.B. Ringe) gew{\"a}hlt werden, um eine subjektive Wertung emotionaler Gesichter bei den Ratings als St{\"o}rfaktor auszuschließen. F{\"u}r externalisierende Probanden sollte außerdem die Auspr{\"a}gung von CU-Traits erfasst und die Dauer der Testung verk{\"u}rzt oder auf zwei Termine aufgeteilt werden, um eine ausreichende Konzentrationsf{\"a}higkeit zu erm{\"o}glichen.}, subject = {Psychische St{\"o}rung}, language = {de} } @article{FoeckerTimmesfeldBuehlmeieretal.2021, author = {F{\"o}cker, Manuel and Timmesfeld, Nina and B{\"u}hlmeier, Judith and Zwanziger, Denise and F{\"u}hrer, Dagmar and Grasemann, Corinna and Ehrlich, Stefan and Egberts, Karin and Fleischhaker, Christian and Wewetzer, Christoph and Wessing, Ida and Seitz, Jochen and Herpertz-Dahlmann, Beate and Hebebrand, Johannes and Libuda, Lars}, title = {Vitamin D level trajectories of adolescent patients with anorexia nervosa at inpatient admission, during treatment, and at one year follow up: association with depressive symptoms}, series = {Nutrients}, volume = {13}, journal = {Nutrients}, number = {7}, issn = {2072-6643}, doi = {10.3390/nu13072356}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-242662}, year = {2021}, abstract = {(1) Background: Evidence has accumulated that patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) are at higher risk for vitamin D deficiency than healthy controls. In epidemiologic studies, low 25(OH) vitamin D (25(OH)D) levels were associated with depression. This study analyzed the relationship between 25(OH)D serum levels in adolescent patients and AN and depressive symptoms over the course of treatment. (2) Methods: 25(OH)D levels and depressive symptoms were analyzed in 93 adolescent (in-)patients with AN from the Anorexia Nervosa Day patient versus Inpatient (ANDI) multicenter trial at clinic admission, discharge, and 1 year follow up. Mixed regression models were used to analyze the relationship between 25(OH)D levels and depressive symptoms assessed by the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II). (3) Results: Although mean 25(OH)D levels constantly remained in recommended ranges (≥50 nmol/L) during AN treatment, levels decreased from (in)patient admission to 1 year follow up. Levels of 25(OH)D were neither cross-sectionally, prospectively, nor longitudinally associated with the BDI-II score. (4) Conclusions: This study did not confirm that 25(OH)D levels are associated with depressive symptoms in patients with AN. However, increasing risks of vitamin D deficiency over the course of AN treatment indicate that clinicians should monitor 25(OH)D levels.}, language = {en} } @article{GeisslerJansBanaschewskietal.2018, author = {Geissler, Julia and Jans, Thomas and Banaschewski, Tobias and Becker, Katja and Renner, Tobias and Brandeis, Daniel and D{\"o}pfner, Manfred and Dose, Christina and Hautmann, Christopher and Holtmann, Martin and Jenkner, Carolin and Millenet, Sabina and Romanos, Marcel}, title = {Individualised short-term therapy for adolescents impaired by attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder despite previous routine care treatment (ESCAadol)-Study protocol of a randomised controlled trial within the consortium ESCAlife}, series = {Trials}, volume = {19}, journal = {Trials}, number = {254}, doi = {10.1186/s13063-018-2635-2}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-176061}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Background: Despite the high persistence rate of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) throughout the lifespan, there is a considerable gap in knowledge regarding effective treatment strategies for adolescents with ADHD. This group in particular often shows substantial psychosocial impairment, low compliance and insufficient response to psychopharmacological interventions. Effective and feasible treatments should further consider the developmental shift in ADHD symptoms, comorbidity and psychosocial adversity as well as family dysfunction. Thus, individualised interventions for adolescent ADHD should comprise a multimodal treatment strategy. The randomised controlled ESCAadol study addresses the needs of this patient group and compares the outcome of short-term cognitive behavioural therapy with parent-based telephone-assisted self-help. Methods/design: In step 1, 160 adolescents aged 12 to 17 years with a diagnosis of ADHD will undergo a treatment as usual (TAU) observation phase of 1 month. In step 2, those still severely affected are randomised to the intervention group with an Individualised Modular Treatment Programme (IMTP) or a telephone-assisted self-help programme for parents (TASH) as an active control condition. The IMTP was specifically designed for the needs of adolescent ADHD. It comprises 10 sessions of individual cognitive behavioural therapy with the adolescents and/or the parents, for which participants choose three out of 10 available focus modules (e.g. organisational skills and planning, emotion regulation, problem solving and stress management, dysfunctional family communication). TASH combines a bibliotherapeutic component with 10 counselling sessions for the parents via telephone. Primary outcome is the change in ADHD symptoms in a clinician-rated diagnostic interview. Outcomes are assessed at inclusion into the study, after the TAU phase, after the intervention phase and after a further 12-week follow-up period. The primary statistical analysis will be by intention-to-treat, using linear regression models. Additionally, we will analyse psychometric and biological predictors and moderators of treatment response. Discussion: ESCAadol compares two short-term non-pharmacological interventions as cost-efficient and feasible treatment options for adolescent ADHD, addressing the specific needs and obstacles to treatment success in this group. We aim to contribute to personalised medicine for adolescent ADHD intended to be implemented in routine clinical care.}, language = {en} } @article{GeisslerWernerDworschaketal.2021, author = {Geissler, Julia M. and Werner, Elisabeth and Dworschak, Wolfgang and Romanos, Marcel and Ratz, Christoph}, title = {German Law Reform Does Not Reduce the Prevalence of Coercive Measures in Residential Institutions for Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities}, series = {Frontiers in Psychiatry}, volume = {12}, journal = {Frontiers in Psychiatry}, issn = {1664-0640}, doi = {10.3389/fpsyt.2021.765830}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-249030}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Background: Approximately 10\% of children, adolescents and young adults with an intellectual and developmental disability (IDD) in Bavaria live in residential institutions. 2015 saw media reports raising suspicions about excessive use of coercive measures (cM) in those institutions. Until a law reform at the end of 2017 made permission from family courts mandatory for cM, their use was governed by parental consent. The REDUGIA project conducted a representative survey comparing cM and their relation to challenging behaviour (cB) and employee stress in Bavaria pre and post reform. Methods: We sent questionnaires to 65 residential institutions for children, adolescents and young adults with IDD in 2017 (pre reform, T1) and 2019 (post reform, T2). To assess changes, we analysed data from all available questionnaire pairs (T1 and T2, N = 43). We calculated paired t-test and correlative analyses concerning the relationship between cB, cM, and employee stress. Results: The number of residents overall (T1: N = 1,661; T2: N = 1,673) and per institution (T1: m = 38.6 ± 32.0; T2: m = 38.9 ± 34.5, p = 0.920) remained stable. We did not see any changes in the Index cB (p = 0.508) or the proportion of residents per institution displaying various types of challenging behaviour (all ps>0.220). There was no change in the Index cM (p = 0.089) or any indicator of employee stress, all ps > 0.323. At follow-up, the Index cB correlated positively with the Index cM (r = 0.519 p < 0.001). Regarding employee stress, the Index cB correlated positively with the frequency of sick leave (r = 0.322, p = 0.037) and physical attacks on employees (r = 0.552, p < 0.001). The Index cM also correlated positively with the frequency of sick leave (r = 0.340, p = 0.028) and physical attacks on employees (r = 0.492, p = 0.001). Discussion: Coercive measures are not a general phenomenon, but are focused on specialised institutions. The law reform did not lead to changes in the number of children, adolescents and young adults with IDD affected by coercive measures in residential institutions in Bavaria. There were still large discrepancies between institutions in the prevalence of challenging behaviour and coercive measures. Coercive measures were associated with challenging behaviour and employee stress. Taken together, findings from REDUGIA emphasise the need to prevent challenging behaviour and thus coercive measures.}, language = {en} } @article{GeisslerWernerDworschaketal.2021, author = {Geissler, Julia and Werner, Elisabeth and Dworschak, Wolfgang and Romanos, Marcel and Ratz, Christoph}, title = {Freiheitsentziehende Maßnahmen in bayerischen Heimeinrichtungen f{\"u}r Kinder, Jugendliche und junge Vollj{\"a}hrige mit Intelligenzminderung}, series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie}, volume = {49}, journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie}, number = {4}, issn = {1422-4917}, doi = {10.1024/1422-4917/a000808}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-244859}, pages = {273-283}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Fragestellung: In Bayern leben etwa 10 \% aller jungen Menschen mit Intelligenzminderung in Heimeinrichtungen. 2016 wurde in Presseberichten der Vorwurf unzul{\"a}ssiger freiheitsentziehender Maßnahmen formuliert. Im Rahmen des Projekts REDUGIA wurde in bayerischen Heimeinrichtungen eine repr{\"a}sentative Erhebung zu freiheitsentziehenden Maßnahmen (FeM), herausforderndem Verhalten (hfV) und der Mitarbeiterbelastung (MaB) durchgef{\"u}hrt. Methodik: 65 Einrichtungen f{\"u}r junge Menschen mit Intelligenzminderung in Bayern wurde ein Fragebogen zu strukturellen Gegebenheiten sowie MaB, hfV und FeM zugesendet. Neben deskriptiven Auswertungen wurden korrelative Analysen bzw. Regressionsanalysen zum Zusammenhang zwischen hfV, FeM und MaB durchgef{\"u}hrt. Ergebnisse: Es wurden Daten zu 1839 Personen in 61 Einrichtungen erhoben. 84.3 \% der Einrichtungen berichteten geringe Raten an hfV und FeM, w{\"a}hrend 15.7 \% ein geh{\"a}uftes Vorkommen von hfV und FeM angaben. Auf n = 1809 Vollzeit{\"a}quivalente kam es innerhalb von 14 Tagen zu 639 k{\"o}rperlichen Angriffen durch Bewohner_innen. In 12 Monaten wurden problemverhaltensassoziiert 85 Krankmeldungen sowie 33 Versetzungsantr{\"a}ge/K{\"u}ndigungen berichtet. Es zeigte sich ein signifikant positiver Zusammenhang zwischen hfV und FeM (R² = .307, F = 21.719, p < .001). Die Mitarbeiterbelastung korrelierte positiv mit hfV (r = .507, p < .001). Schlussfolgerungen: Die Studienbefunde weisen darauf hin, dass hfV sowie FeM bei jungen Menschen mit Intelligenzminderung kein fl{\"a}chendeckendes Ph{\"a}nomen darstellen, sondern sich auf wenige spezialisierte Einrichtungen fokussieren. M{\"o}gliche Maßnahmen zur Pr{\"a}vention von Problemverhalten und Freiheitsentzug werden diskutiert.}, language = {de} } @article{GerberKoenigFendtetal.2019, author = {Gerber, Bertram and K{\"o}nig, Christian and Fendt, Markus and Andreatta, Marta and Romanos, Marcel and Pauli, Paul and Yarali, Ayse}, title = {Timing-dependent valence reversal: a principle of reinforcement processing and its possible implications}, series = {Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences}, volume = {26}, journal = {Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences}, doi = {10.1016/j.cobeha.2018.12.001}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-232933}, pages = {114-120}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Punishment feels bad, but relief upon its termination feels good. As a consequence of such timing-dependent valence reversal, memories of opposite valence can result from associating stimulus A with, for example, the occurrence of punishment (A-) versus punishment termination (-A): A- training results in aversive memory, but -A training in appetitive memory (corresponding effects exist for reward occurrence and termination). Whereas learning through the occurrence of punishment is well studied, much less is known about learning through its termination. Current research investigates how dopaminergic system function contributes to these processes in Drosophila, rats and humans. We argue that dopamine-related psychopathology may entail distortions in learning through punishment termination, and that this may contribute, for example, to non-suicidal self-injury or post-traumatic stress disorder.}, language = {en} } @article{GerlachMaetzlerBroichetal.2012, author = {Gerlach, Manfred and Maetzler, Walter and Broich, Karl and Hampel, Harald and Rems, Lucas and Reum, Torsten and Riederer, Peter and St{\"a}ffler, Albrecht and Streffer, Johannes and Berg, Daniela}, title = {Biomarker candidates of neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease for the evaluation of disease-modifying therapeutics}, series = {Journal of Neural Transmission}, volume = {119}, journal = {Journal of Neural Transmission}, number = {1}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-125375}, pages = {39-52}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Reliable biomarkers that can be used for early diagnosis and tracking disease progression are the cornerstone of the development of disease-modifying treatments for Parkinson's disease (PD). The German Society of Experimental and Clinical Neurotherapeutics (GESENT) has convened a Working Group to review the current status of proposed biomarkers of neurodegeneration according to the following criteria and to develop a consensus statement on biomarker candidates for evaluation of disease-modifying therapeutics in PD. The criteria proposed are that the biomarker should be linked to fundamental features of PD neuropathology and mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration in PD, should be correlated to disease progression assessed by clinical rating scales, should monitor the actual disease status, should be pre-clinically validated, and confirmed by at least two independent studies conducted by qualified investigators with the results published in peer-reviewed journals. To date, available data have not yet revealed one reliable biomarker to detect early neurodegeneration in PD and to detect and monitor effects of drug candidates on the disease process, but some promising biomarker candidates, such as antibodies against neuromelanin, pathological forms of α-synuclein, DJ-1, and patterns of gene expression, metabolomic and protein profiling exist. Almost all of the biomarker candidates were not investigated in relation to effects of treatment, validated in experimental models of PD and confirmed in independent studies.}, language = {en} } @article{GerlachMaetzlerBroichetal.2011, author = {Gerlach, Manfred and Maetzler, Walter and Broich, Karl and Hampel, Harald and Rems, Lucas and Reum, Torsten and Riederer, Peter and St{\"o}ffler, Albrecht and Streffer, Johannes and Berg, Daniela}, title = {Biomarker candidates of neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease for the evaluation of disease-modifying therapeutics}, series = {Journal of Neural Transmission}, volume = {119}, journal = {Journal of Neural Transmission}, number = {1}, doi = {10.1007/s00702-011-0682-x}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-133856}, pages = {39-52}, year = {2011}, abstract = {Reliable biomarkers that can be used for early diagnosis and tracking disease progression are the cornerstone of the development of disease-modifying treatments for Parkinson's disease (PD). The German Society of Experimental and Clinical Neurotherapeutics (GESENT) has convened a Working Group to review the current status of proposed biomarkers of neurodegeneration according to the following criteria and to develop a consensus statement on biomarker candidates for evaluation of disease-modifying therapeutics in PD. The criteria proposed are that the biomarker should be linked to fundamental features of PD neuropathology and mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration in PD, should be correlated to disease progression assessed by clinical rating scales, should monitor the actual disease status, should be pre-clinically validated, and confirmed by at least two independent studies conducted by qualified investigators with the results published in peer-reviewed journals. To date, available data have not yet revealed one reliable biomarker to detect early neurodegeneration in PD and to detect and monitor effects of drug candidates on the disease process, but some promising biomarker candidates, such as antibodies against neuromelanin, pathological forms of α-synuclein, DJ-1, and patterns of gene expression, metabolomic and protein profiling exist. Almost all of the biomarker candidates were not investigated in relation to effects of treatment, validated in experimental models of PD and confirmed in independent studies.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{GernertgebBaranski2017, author = {Gernert [geb. Baranski], Stefanie}, title = {Assoziationsuntersuchung zu Neuropeptid Y-Polymorphismen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivit{\"a}tsst{\"o}rung}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-155692}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Die Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivit{\"a}tsst{\"o}rung ist eine der h{\"a}ufigsten psychiatrischen Erkrankung des Kindesalters, die eine hohe Heritabilit{\"a}t aufweist und h{\"a}ufig bis ins Erwachsenenalter persistiert und lebenslang zu sozialen, gesundheitlichen und {\"o}konomischen Problemen f{\"u}hrt. Die ADHS tritt bei vielen Patienten in Kombina-tion mit anderen psychiatrischen und nicht-psychiatrischen Erkrankungen auf. In den letzten Jahren r{\"u}ckte zunehmend die h{\"a}ufig zur ADHS komorbid auftretende Adipositas in den Fokus der Forschung. Auf der Suche nach copy number variations in Zusammenhang mit ADHS, wurde eine Duplikation auf Chromosom 7p15 - dem Genlocus des NPY - entdeckt. NPY, ist ein endogenes orexigenes Peptid, welches physiologischerweise die Nahrungsaufnahme stimuliert und neben zahlreichen Effekten, wie Blutdruck- und Knochenregulation, auch in Zusammenhang mit neuropsychiatrischen Erkrankungen gebracht werden konnte. Diese Duplikation auf einem Genort, dessen Produkt f{\"u}r die Regulation von Energiehaushalt und K{\"o}rpergewicht zust{\"a}ndig ist, bildete die Grundlage, eine Assoziationsuntersuchung zu NPY-Genvarianten und dem K{\"o}rpergewicht bei Kindern durchzuf{\"u}hren. Untersucht wurden bei 269 an ADHS erkrankten Kindern und 142 gesunden Kontrollkindern die Assoziation zwischen NPY-Genvarianten (rs16147, rs16139, rs5574, rs16124) und ADHS, sowie die Assoziation zwischen NPY-Genvarianten und BMI-Perzentilen bei ADHS. Es ergab sich keine signifikante Assoziation bez{\"u}glich der aufgestellten Hypothesen.}, subject = {{\"U}bergewicht}, language = {de} } @article{GottschalkRichterZiegleretal.2019, author = {Gottschalk, Michael G. and Richter, Jan and Ziegler, Christiane and Schiele, Miriam A. and Mann, Julia and Geiger, Maximilian J. and Schartner, Christoph and Homola, Gy{\"o}rgy A. and Alpers, Georg W. and B{\"u}chel, Christian and Fehm, Lydia and Fydrich, Thomas and Gerlach, Alexander L. and Gloster, Andrew T. and Helbig-Lang, Sylvia and Kalisch, Raffael and Kircher, Tilo and Lang, Thomas and Lonsdorf, Tina B. and Pan{\´e}-Farr{\´e}, Christiane A. and Str{\"o}hle, Andreas and Weber, Heike and Zwanzger, Peter and Arolt, Volker and Romanos, Marcel and Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich and Hamm, Alfons and Pauli, Paul and Reif, Andreas and Deckert, J{\"u}rgen and Neufang, Susanne and H{\"o}fler, Michael and Domschke, Katharina}, title = {Orexin in the anxiety spectrum: association of a HCRTR1 polymorphism with panic disorder/agoraphobia, CBT treatment response and fear-related intermediate phenotypes}, series = {Translational Psychiatry}, volume = {9}, journal = {Translational Psychiatry}, doi = {10.1038/s41398-019-0415-8}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-227479}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Preclinical studies point to a pivotal role of the orexin 1 (OX1) receptor in arousal and fear learning and therefore suggest the HCRTR1 gene as a prime candidate in panic disorder (PD) with/without agoraphobia (AG), PD/AG treatment response, and PD/AG-related intermediate phenotypes. Here, a multilevel approach was applied to test the non-synonymous HCRTR1 C/T Ile408Val gene variant (rs2271933) for association with PD/AG in two independent case-control samples (total n = 613 cases, 1839 healthy subjects), as an outcome predictor of a six-weeks exposure-based cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in PD/AG patients (n = 189), as well as with respect to agoraphobic cognitions (ACQ) (n = 483 patients, n = 2382 healthy subjects), fMRI alerting network activation in healthy subjects (n = 94), and a behavioral avoidance task in PD/AG pre- and post-CBT (n = 271). The HCRTR1 rs2271933 T allele was associated with PD/AG in both samples independently, and in their meta-analysis (p = 4.2 × 10-7), particularly in the female subsample (p = 9.8 × 10-9). T allele carriers displayed a significantly poorer CBT outcome (e.g., Hamilton anxiety rating scale: p = 7.5 × 10-4). The T allele count was linked to higher ACQ sores in PD/AG and healthy subjects, decreased inferior frontal gyrus and increased locus coeruleus activation in the alerting network. Finally, the T allele count was associated with increased pre-CBT exposure avoidance and autonomic arousal as well as decreased post-CBT improvement. In sum, the present results provide converging evidence for an involvement of HCRTR1 gene variation in the etiology of PD/AG and PD/AG-related traits as well as treatment response to CBT, supporting future therapeutic approaches targeting the orexin-related arousal system.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Graefe2011, author = {Gr{\"a}fe, Catherin}, title = {Familienuntersuchung bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit ADHS - Unterschiede der DSM-IV Subtypen bez{\"u}glich Komorbidit{\"a}t, famili{\"a}rer Belastung und Krankheitsbeginn}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-57370}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2011}, abstract = {Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden Unterschiede zwischen dem vorwiegend unaufmerksamen und dem kombinierten Subtyp nach DSM-IV anhand von Familien, in denen mindestens zwei Kinder von ADHS betroffen sind, untersucht. Die famili{\"a}re Betroffenheit, Art und Anzahl der komorbiden St{\"o}rungen sowie der Diagnosezeitpunkt wurden bez{\"u}glich der Unterschiede zwischen den Subtypen analysiert. Weiterhin wurden epidemiologische und soziodemographische Merkmale beschrieben. Methodik: Im Rahmen einer Multicenterstudie wurden 250 Kinder sowie deren Eltern aus 116 Familien untersucht. ADHS und Komorbidit{\"a}ten wurden anhand des K-SADS-PL und DIKJ erhoben. Bei den Eltern wurde ADHS anhand der Wender-Utah-Rating-Scale (WURS) und der Barkley-Skalen ermittelt. Ergebnisse: Bei 39\% der an ADHS erkrankten Kinder und Jugendlichen lag zus{\"a}tzlich mindestens eine komorbide St{\"o}rung zum Zeitpunkt der Untersuchung vor. Die Annahme, dass der kombinierte Subtyp mit einer h{\"o}heren famili{\"a}ren Belastung einhergeht, konnte im Rahmen der Studie nicht best{\"a}tigt werden. Verglichen mit den einfachen Subtypen zeigte sich keine st{\"a}rkere Betroffenheit von Komorbidit{\"a}ten beim kombinierten Subtyp. Patienten, die vom kombinierten Subtyp betroffen waren, hatten signifikant h{\"a}ufiger komorbide externalisierende St{\"o}rungen als Patienten, bei denen ein einfacher Subtyp diagnostiziert worden war. Diese Studie best{\"a}tigte die Annahme, dass Patienten, bei denen ein unaufmerksamer Subtyp diagnostiziert worden war, signifikant h{\"a}ufiger an komorbiden internalisierenden St{\"o}rungen litten und sich verglichen mit den anderen Subtypen durch einen sp{\"a}teren Diagnosezeitpunkt auszeichneten.}, subject = {ADHS}, language = {de} } @article{GruenblattOnedaEkicietal.2017, author = {Gr{\"u}nblatt, Edna and Oneda, Beatrice and Ekici, Arif B. and Ball, Juliane and Geissler, Julia and Uebe, Steffen and Romanos, Marcel and Rauch, Anita and Walitza, Susanne}, title = {High resolution chromosomal microarray analysis in paediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder}, series = {BMC Medical Genomics}, volume = {10}, journal = {BMC Medical Genomics}, number = {68}, doi = {10.1186/s12920-017-0299-5}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-172791}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Background Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a common and chronic disorder in which a person has uncontrollable, reoccurring thoughts and behaviours. It is a complex genetic condition and, in case of early onset (EO), the patients manifest a more severe phenotype, and an increased heritability. Large (>500 kb) copy number variations (CNVs) previously associated with autism and schizophrenia have been reported in OCD. Recently, rare CNVs smaller than 500 kb overlapping risk loci for other neurodevelopmental conditions have also been reported in OCD, stressing the importance of examining CNVs of any size range. The aim of this study was to further investigate the role of rare and small CNVs in the aetiology of EO-OCD. Methods We performed high-resolution chromosomal microarray analysis in 121 paediatric OCD patients and in 124 random controls to identify rare CNVs (>50 kb) which might contribute to EO-OCD. Results The frequencies and the size of the observed rare CNVs in the patients did not differ from the controls. However, we observed a significantly higher frequency of rare CNVs affecting brain related genes, especially deletions, in the patients (OR = 1.98, 95\% CI 1.02-3.84; OR = 3.61, 95\% CI 1.14-11.41, respectively). Similarly, enrichment-analysis of CNVs gene content, performed with three independent methods, confirmed significant clustering of predefined genes involved in synaptic/brain related functional pathways in the patients but not in the controls. In two patients we detected \(de-novo\) CNVs encompassing genes previously associated with different neurodevelopmental disorders \(\textit{NRXN1, ANKS1B, UHRF1BP1}\)). Conclusions Our results further strengthen the role of small rare CNVs, particularly deletions, as susceptibility factors for paediatric OCD.}, language = {en} } @article{GschmackMonoranuMaroufetal.2022, author = {Gschmack, Eva and Monoranu, Camelia-Maria and Marouf, Hecham and Meyer, Sarah and Lessel, Lena and Idris, Raja and Berg, Daniela and Maetzler, Walter and Steigerwald, Frank and Volkmann, Jens and Gerlach, Manfred and Riederer, Peter and Koutsilieri, Eleni and Scheller, Carsten}, title = {Plasma autoantibodies to glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) react with brain areas according to Braak staging of Parkinson's disease}, series = {Journal of Neural Transmission}, volume = {129}, journal = {Journal of Neural Transmission}, number = {5-6}, doi = {10.1007/s00702-022-02495-4}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-325161}, pages = {545-555}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by a progredient degeneration of the brain, starting at deep subcortical areas such as the dorsal motor nucleus of the glossopharyngeal and vagal nerves (DM) (stage 1), followed by the coeruleus-subcoeruleus complex; (stage 2), the substantia nigra (SN) (stage 3), the anteromedial temporal mesocortex (MC) (stage 4), high-order sensory association areas and prefrontal fields (HC) (stage 5) and finally first-order sensory association areas, premotor areas, as well as primary sensory and motor field (FC) (stage 6). Autoimmunity might play a role in PD pathogenesis. Here we analyzed whether anti-brain autoantibodies differentially recognize different human brain areas and identified autoantigens that correlate with the above-described dissemination of PD pathology in the brain. Brain tissue was obtained from deceased individuals with no history of neurological or psychiatric disease and no neuropathological abnormalities. Tissue homogenates from different brain regions (DM, SN, MC, HC, FC) were subjected to SDS-PAGE and Western blot. Blots were incubated with plasma samples from 30 PD patients and 30 control subjects and stained with anti-IgG antibodies to detect anti-brain autoantibodies. Signals were quantified. Prominent autoantigens were identified by 2D-gel-coupled mass spectrometry sequencing. Anti-brain autoantibodies are frequent and occur both in healthy controls and individuals with PD. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was identified as a prominent autoantigen recognized in all plasma samples. GFAP immunoreactivity was highest in DM areas and lowest in FC areas with no significant differences in anti-GFAP autoantibody titers between healthy controls and individuals with PD. The anti-GFAP autoimmunoreactivity of different brain areas correlates with the dissemination of histopathological neurodegeneration in PD. We hypothesize that GFAP autoantibodies are physiological but might be involved as a cofactor in PD pathogenesis secondary to a leakage of the blood-brain barrier.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Goessler2007, author = {G{\"o}ßler, Michael}, title = {Molekulargenetische Untersuchungen serotonerger Kandidatengene bei Zwangsst{\"o}rungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-23773}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2007}, abstract = {Zwangsst{\"o}rungen, im englischen als Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) bezeichnet, sind sowohl in der Erwachsenen- als auch in der Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie bekannte Krankheitsbilder, die mit einer Lebenszeitpr{\"a}valenz von 2,5 - 3\% zu den h{\"a}ufigsten psychiatrischen Erkrankungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter geh{\"o}ren. Sie stellen in der Regel eine erhebliche Belastung sowohl f{\"u}r die betroffenen Kinder als auch f{\"u}r deren Familie dar und schr{\"a}nken den allt{\"a}glichen Lebensablauf je nach Auspr{\"a}gung erheblich ein. Familien- und Zwillingsuntersuchungen zeigen, dass bei Zwangsst{\"o}rungen eine deutliche famili{\"a}re Belastung vorliegt. Gerade bei einer fr{\"u}hen Manifestation im Kindesalter (auf englisch als early onset bezeichnet) konnten Familienstudien zeigen, dass genetische Faktoren eine besonders ausgepr{\"a}gte Rolle spielen. Diese formalgenetischen Studien legen weitere Untersuchungen auf molekulargenetischer Ebene f{\"u}r Zwangsst{\"o}rungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter nahe. Pharmakologische Studien und erste molekulargenetische Studien verweisen zudem auf einen Zusammenhang zwischen Zwangs- und Angstsymptomen und dem Serotoninstoffwechsel. Selektive Serotonin Wiederaufnahme-Hemmer (Selective Serotonine Reuptake Inhibitors, SSRI) und tricyclische Antidepressiva sind bei der Behandlung von Zwangsst{\"o}rungen besonders wirksam. Auch im Kindes- und Jugendalter sind diese Medikamente aufgrund ihrer positiven Wirkung bei Zwangsst{\"o}rungen Mittel der ersten Wahl. Insgesamt wird die Pathogenese der Zwangsst{\"o}rungen nach aktuellem Forschungsstand als multifaktoriell angenommen. Dabei bezieht sich bisher die {\"u}berwiegende Zahl der Untersuchungen auf Zwangsst{\"o}rungen erwachsener Patienten. Nach aktuellem Kenntnisstand handelt es sich bei der vorliegenden Arbeit um die ersten familienbasierten Assoziationsstudien bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit Zwangsst{\"o}rungen. Zielsetzung dieser Arbeit war die Untersuchung einer Assoziation von Varianten in ausgew{\"a}hlten Genen des serotonergen Systems und juvenilen Zwangsst{\"o}rungen. Die Auswahl der Kandidatengene f{\"u}r Zwangsst{\"o}rungen erfolgte auf patho-physiologischen {\"U}berlegungen: Die Tryptophanhydroxylase als geschwindigkeits-bestimmendes Enzym in der Synthese von Serotonin, der Serotonin-1B-Rezeptor als Zielorgan mit autoregulierender Funktion auf das serotonerge System, sowie der Serotonintransporter, der, therapeutisch genutzt, von SSRIs blockiert wird. Untersuchungen zu den genannten Kandidatengenen liegen bei erwachsenen Patienten mit Zwangsst{\"o}rungen vor, die Ergebnisse sollten in unserer Studie repliziert werden. 64 Kinder und Jugendliche, sowie deren leibliche Eltern wurden in die Untersuchung eingeschlossen. In den vorliegenden molekulargenetischen Untersuchungen konnten f{\"u}r Varianten im Tryptophanhydroxylase-1-Gen und dem Serotonin-1B-Rezeptor-Gen kein Zusammenhang mit Zwangsst{\"o}rungen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen gesehen werden. Die funktionelle Variante des Serotonintransporter-Gens, die zu einer h{\"o}heren Aktivit{\"a}t des Transporters f{\"u}hrt, wurde tendenziell h{\"a}ufiger bei den Patienten mit Zwangsst{\"o}rungen beobachtet. Der Befund entspricht damit in der Richtung den fr{\"u}heren Befunden von erwachsenen Patienten.}, language = {de} } @article{HammerleHussErnstetal.2016, author = {Hammerle, Florian and Huss, Michael and Ernst, Verena and B{\"u}rger, Arne}, title = {Thinking dimensional: prevalence of DSM-5 early adolescent full syndrome, partial and subthreshold eating disorders in a cross-sectional survey in German schools}, series = {BMJ Open}, volume = {6}, journal = {BMJ Open}, number = {e010843}, doi = {10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010843}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-164734}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Objectives Investigating for the first time in Germany Diagnostic and Statistical Manual Fifth Edition (DSM-5) prevalences of adolescent full syndrome, Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorder (OSFED), partial and subthreshold anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge eating disorder (BED). Method A national school-based cross-sectional survey with nine schools in Germany was undertaken that was aimed at students from grades 7 and 8. Of the 1775 students who were contacted to participate in the study, 1654 participated (participation rate: 93.2\%). The sample consisted of 873 female and 781 male adolescents (mean age=13.4 years). Prevalence rates were established using direct symptom criteria with a structured inventory (SIAB-S) and an additional self-report questionnaire (Eating Disorder Inventory 2 (EDI-2)). Results Prevalences for full syndrome were 0.3\% for AN, 0.4\% for BN, 0.5\% for BED and 3.6\% for OSFED-atypical AN, 0\% for BN (low frequency/limited duration), 0\% for BED (low frequency/limited duration) and 1.9\% for purging disorder (PD). Prevalences of partial syndrome were 10.9\% for AN (7.1\% established with cognitive symptoms only, excluding weight criteria), 0.2\% for BN and 2.1\% for BED, and of subthreshold syndrome were 0.8\% for AN, 0.3\% for BN and 0.2\% for BED. Cases on EDI-2 scales were much more pronounced with 12.6-21.1\% of the participants with significant sex differences. Conclusions The findings were in accordance with corresponding international studies but were in contrast to other German studies showing much higher prevalence rates. The study provides, for the first time, estimates for DSM-5 prevalences of eating disorders in adolescents for Germany, and evidence in favour of using valid measures for improving prevalence estimates."}, language = {en} } @article{HautmannDoepfnerKatzmannetal.2018, author = {Hautmann, Christopher and D{\"o}pfner, Manfred and Katzmann, Josepha and Sch{\"u}rmann, Stephanie and Wolff Metternich-Kaizman, Tanja and Jaite, Charlotte and Kappel, Viola and Geissler, Julia and Warnke, Andreas and Jacob, Christian and Hennighausen, Klaus and Haack-Dees, Barbara and Schneider-Momm, Katja and Philipsen, Alexandra and Matthies, Swantje and R{\"o}sler, Michael and Retz, Wolfgang and Gontard, Alexander von and Sobanski, Esther and Alm, Barbara and Hohmann, Sarah and H{\"a}ge, Alexander and Poustka, Luise and Colla, Michael and Gentschow, Laura and Freitag, Christine M. and Becker, Katja and Jans, Thomas}, title = {Sequential treatment of ADHD in mother and child (AIMAC study): importance of the treatment phases for intervention success in a randomized trial}, series = {BMC Psychiatry}, volume = {18}, journal = {BMC Psychiatry}, doi = {10.1186/s12888-018-1963-9}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-227930}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Background The efficacy of parent-child training (PCT) regarding child symptoms may be reduced if the mother has attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The AIMAC study (ADHD in Mothers and Children) aimed to compensate for the deteriorating effect of parental psychopathology by treating the mother (Step 1) before the beginning of PCT (Step 2). This secondary analysis was particularly concerned with the additional effect of the Step 2 PCT on child symptoms after the Step 1 treatment. Methods The analysis included 143 mothers and children (aged 6-12 years) both diagnosed with ADHD. The study design was a two-stage, two-arm parallel group trial (Step 1 treatment group [TG]: intensive treatment of the mother including psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy; Step 1 control group [CG]: supportive counseling only for mother; Step 2 TG and CG: PCT). Single- and multi-group analyses with piecewise linear latent growth curve models were applied to test for the effects of group and phase. Child symptoms (e.g., ADHD symptoms, disruptive behavior) were rated by three informants (blinded clinician, mother, teacher). Results Children in the TG showed a stronger improvement of their disruptive behavior as rated by mothers than those in the CG during Step 1 (Step 1: TG vs. CG). In the CG, according to reports of the blinded clinician and the mother, the reduction of children's disruptive behavior was stronger during Step 2 than during Step 1 (CG: Step 1 vs. Step 2). In the TG, improvement of child outcome did not differ across treatment steps (TG: Step 1 vs. Step 2). Conclusions Intensive treatment of the mother including pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy may have small positive effects on the child's disruptive behavior. PCT may be a valid treatment option for children with ADHD regarding disruptive behavior, even if mothers are not intensively treated beforehand. Trial registration ISRCTN registry ISRCTN73911400. Registered 29 March 2007.}, language = {en} } @article{HavikDegenhardtJohanssonetal.2012, author = {Havik, Bjarte and Degenhardt, Franziska A. and Johansson, Stefan and Fernandes, Carla P. D. and Hinney, Anke and Scherag, Andr{\´e} and Lybaek, Helle and Djurovic, Srdjan and Christoforou, Andrea and Ersland, Kari M. and Giddaluru, Sudheer and O'Donovan, Michael C. and Owen, Michael J. and Craddock, Nick and M{\"u}hleisen, Thomas W. and Mattheisen, Manuel and Schimmelmann, Benno G. and Renner, Tobias and Warnke, Andreas and Herpertz-Dahlmann, Beate and Sinzig, Judith and Albayrak, {\"O}zg{\"u}r and Rietschel, Marcella and N{\"o}then, Markus M. and Bramham, Clive R. and Werge, Thomas and Hebebrand, Johannes and Haavik, Jan and Andreassen, Ole A. and Cichon, Sven and Steen, Vidar M. and Le Hellard, Stephanie}, title = {DCLK1 Variants Are Associated across Schizophrenia and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder}, series = {PLoS One}, volume = {7}, journal = {PLoS One}, number = {4}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0035424}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-135285}, pages = {e35424}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Doublecortin and calmodulin like kinase 1 (DCLK1) is implicated in synaptic plasticity and neurodevelopment. Genetic variants in DCLK1 are associated with cognitive traits, specifically verbal memory and general cognition. We investigated the role of DCLK1 variants in three psychiatric disorders that have neuro-cognitive dysfunctions: schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar affective disorder (BP) and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We mined six genome wide association studies (GWASs) that were available publically or through collaboration; three for BP, two for SCZ and one for ADHD. We also genotyped the DCLK1 region in additional samples of cases with SCZ, BP or ADHD and controls that had not been whole-genome typed. In total, 9895 subjects were analysed, including 5308 normal controls and 4,587 patients (1,125 with SCZ, 2,496 with BP and 966 with ADHD). Several DCLK1 variants were associated with disease phenotypes in the different samples. The main effect was observed for rs7989807 in intron 3, which was strongly associated with SCZ alone and even more so when cases with SCZ and ADHD were combined (P-value = 4x10\(^{-5}\) and 4x10\(^{-6}\), respectively). Associations were also observed with additional markers in intron 3 (combination of SCZ, ADHD and BP), intron 19 (SCZ+BP) and the 3'UTR (SCZ+BP). Our results suggest that genetic variants in DCLK1 are associated with SCZ and, to a lesser extent, with ADHD and BP. Interestingly the association is strongest when SCZ and ADHD are considered together, suggesting common genetic susceptibility. Given that DCLK1 variants were previously found to be associated with cognitive traits, these results are consistent with the role of DCLK1 in neurodevelopment and synaptic plasticity.}, language = {en} } @article{HebestreitZeidlerSchippersetal.2022, author = {Hebestreit, Helge and Zeidler, Cornelia and Schippers, Christopher and de Zwaan, Martina and Deckert, J{\"u}rgen and Heuschmann, Peter and Krauth, Christian and Bullinger, Monika and Berger, Alexandra and Berneburg, Mark and Brandstetter, Lilly and Deibele, Anna and Dieris-Hirche, Jan and Graessner, Holm and G{\"u}ndel, Harald and Herpertz, Stephan and Heuft, Gereon and Lapstich, Anne-Marie and L{\"u}cke, Thomas and Maisch, Tim and Mundlos, Christine and Petermann-Meyer, Andrea and M{\"u}ller, Susanne and Ott, Stephan and Pfister, Lisa and Quitmann, Julia and Romanos, Marcel and Rutsch, Frank and Schaubert, Kristina and Schubert, Katharina and Schulz, J{\"o}rg B. and Schweiger, Susann and T{\"u}scher, Oliver and Ungeth{\"u}m, Kathrin and Wagner, Thomas O. F. and Haas, Kirsten}, title = {Dual guidance structure for evaluation of patients with unclear diagnosis in centers for rare diseases (ZSE-DUO): study protocol for a controlled multi-center cohort study}, series = {Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases}, volume = {17}, journal = {Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases}, number = {1}, doi = {10.1186/s13023-022-02176-1}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-300440}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Background In individuals suffering from a rare disease the diagnostic process and the confirmation of a final diagnosis often extends over many years. Factors contributing to delayed diagnosis include health care professionals' limited knowledge of rare diseases and frequent (co-)occurrence of mental disorders that may complicate and delay the diagnostic process. The ZSE-DUO study aims to assess the benefits of a combination of a physician focusing on somatic aspects with a mental health expert working side by side as a tandem in the diagnostic process. Study design This multi-center, prospective controlled study has a two-phase cohort design. Methods Two cohorts of 682 patients each are sequentially recruited from 11 university-based German Centers for Rare Diseases (CRD): the standard care cohort (control, somatic expertise only) and the innovative care cohort (experimental, combined somatic and mental health expertise). Individuals aged 12 years and older presenting with symptoms and signs which are not explained by current diagnoses will be included. Data will be collected prior to the first visit to the CRD's outpatient clinic (T0), at the first visit (T1) and 12 months thereafter (T2). Outcomes Primary outcome is the percentage of patients with one or more confirmed diagnoses covering the symptomatic spectrum presented. Sample size is calculated to detect a 10 percent increase from 30\% in standard care to 40\% in the innovative dual expert cohort. Secondary outcomes are (a) time to diagnosis/diagnoses explaining the symptomatology; (b) proportion of patients successfully referred from CRD to standard care; (c) costs of diagnosis including incremental cost effectiveness ratios; (d) predictive value of screening instruments administered at T0 to identify patients with mental disorders; (e) patients' quality of life and evaluation of care; and f) physicians' satisfaction with the innovative care approach. Conclusions This is the first multi-center study to investigate the effects of a mental health specialist working in tandem with a somatic expert physician in CRDs. If this innovative approach proves successful, it will be made available on a larger scale nationally and promoted internationally. In the best case, ZSE-DUO can significantly shorten the time to diagnosis for a suspected rare disease.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Hench2007, author = {Hench, Franz}, title = {Familienuntersuchung bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/ Hyperaktivit{\"a}tsst{\"o}rung (ADHS): Komorbidit{\"a}ten und famili{\"a}re Belastung}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-35494}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2007}, abstract = {Die Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit- /Hyperaktivit{\"a}tsst{\"o}rung (ADHS) gilt heute als eine der h{\"a}ufigsten Erkrankungen, die in der Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie bzw. in der Kinder- und Jugendmedizin behandelt werden. Bei diesem St{\"o}rungsbild spielen genetische Faktoren eine wichtige Rolle. Erblichkeitssch{\"a}tzungen liegen bei bis zu 80\% und damit h{\"o}her als bei den meisten kinder- und jugendpsychiatrischen Erkrankungen. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war die Erhebung epidemiologischer und soziodemographischer Daten, komorbider St{\"o}rungen in Abh{\"a}ngigkeit von vorliegenden Subtypen bei ADHS nach DSM-IV sowie die Untersuchung der Pr{\"a}valenz f{\"u}r eine ADHS bei Eltern in Familien mit mindestens zwei an ADHS erkrankten Kindern. Methode: Es wurde N = 64 Patienten aus 25 Familien mit mindestens zwei an ADHS erkrankten Kindern untersucht. Die Stichprobe wurde im Rahmen einer multizentrischen Familienuntersuchung zu genetischen Faktoren ADHS (Nationales Genomforschungsnetz) erhoben. Die Diagnose der ADHS und Erhebung komorbider St{\"o}rungen der betroffenen Kinder erfolgte nach DSM-IV-Kriterien unter Zuhilfenahme des K-SADS-PL. Bei den Eltern wurde die Wender-Utah-Rating-Scale (WURS) verwendet. Ergebnis: Bei Patienten mit kombiniertem Subtyp einer ADHS nach DSM-IV wurden signifikant h{\"a}ufiger externalisierende St{\"o}rungen diagnostiziert. Betroffene Kinder mit {\"u}berwiegend unaufmerksamen Subtyp litten h{\"a}ufiger an internalisierenden St{\"o}rungen und bei ihnen wurde die Diagnose signifikant sp{\"a}ter gestellt als bei Kindern mit einem anderen Subtyp nach DSM-IV. Im Vergleich mit Studien in denen Familien mit nur einem betroffenen Kind untersucht wurden zeigten sich im wesentlichen keine signifikanten Unterschiede in der Verteilung der h{\"a}ufigsten komorbiden St{\"o}rungen bei den betroffenen Kindern. Insgesamt fanden wir, dass 48\% der M{\"u}tter und 43\% der V{\"a}ter im Kindesalter von einer ADHS betroffen waren. Auf alle Familien verteilt, ergab sich eine mindestens einfache Belastung der Eltern von ca. 78\%.}, subject = {ADHS}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Herhaus2015, author = {Herhaus, Gabriele}, title = {Besteht ein Zusammenhang zwischen Symptomen der Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivit{\"a}tsst{\"o}rung in der Kindheit sowie ihrer Pharmakotherapie und dem sp{\"a}teren Auftreten eines Parkinson-Syndroms?}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-126191}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Die ADHS und die Parkinson-Krankheit gehen beide mit Ver{\"a}nderungen des dopaminergen Systems einher. Methylphenidat (MPH) ist ein zentralwirkendes Psychostimulans, das den Dopamin-Wiederaufnahme-Transporter reversibel hemmt. Obwohl MPH seit {\"u}ber 50 Jahren in der symptomatischen Therapie der ADHS angewandt wird, ist die Datenlage zu den Langzeiteffekten und Risiken dieses Medikaments relativ d{\"u}nn. Basierend auf den Ergebnissen von Versuchen an Ratten wurde die Theorie aufgestellt, dass MPH die Ausreifung des zentralen dopaminergen Systems beeinflusst und dadurch ein Risikofaktor f{\"u}r die Entwicklung eines Parkinson-Syndroms sein k{\"o}nnte. Ziel dieser Pilotstudie war zum einen zu untersuchen, ob bei Patienten mit Parkinson ADHS-{\"a}hnliche Symptome in der Kindheit auftraten und zum anderen zu ermitteln, ob Parkinson-Patienten in ihrer Kindheit Psychostimulanzien eingenommen haben. Als Instrumentarium dienten die deutsche Kurzform der Wenda Utah Rating Scale (WURS-k) sowie der 'Fragebogen zu Kindheit und Entwicklung U40'. Insgesamt f{\"u}llten 88 Parkinson-Patienten die Frageb{\"o}gen vollst{\"a}ndig aus. Die Daten dieser Patienten sowie einer ebenso großen, randomisierten Kontrollgruppe wurden in die Auswertung einbezogen. Im Fragebogen WURS-k fanden sich in der Gruppe der Parkinson-Patienten signifikant h{\"o}here Summenscores im Vergleich zur Kontrollgruppe. Zus{\"a}tzlich zeigten sich bei den Parkinson-Patienten h{\"o}here Scores bez{\"u}glich der Faktoren „Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit/Hyperaktivit{\"a}t" sowie „{\"a}ngstlich-depressive Symptomatik", nicht aber bei den Faktoren „Impulsivit{\"a}t", „Protestverhalten" und „St{\"o}rung der sozialen Adaptation". Auch die Auswertung des Fragebogens U40 ergab signifikant h{\"o}here Punktwerte bez{\"u}glich der Items „Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit" und „Hyperaktivit{\"a}t" bei den Parkinson-Patienten. Dennoch kann aus diesen Ergebnissen nicht geschlossen werden, dass die in unserer Studie untersuchten Parkinson-Patienten in ihrer Kindheit an einer ADHS litten, da die durchschnittlichen Summenscores der WURS-k deutlich unter dem festgelegten Cut-Off-Wert von gr{\"o}ßer oder gleich 30 lagen. Es ist aber m{\"o}glich, dass einzelne ADHS-{\"a}hnliche Symptome den motorischen Symptomen einer Parkinson-Erkrankung vorausgehen k{\"o}nnen. Letztlich fanden wir keinen Anhalt daf{\"u}r, dass die Parkinson-Patienten in ihrer Kindheit Psychostimulanzien wie MPH eingenommen hatten.}, subject = {ADHS}, language = {de} } @article{HerzogAndreattaSchneideretal.2021, author = {Herzog, Katharina and Andreatta, Marta and Schneider, Kristina and Schiele, Miriam A. and Domschke, Katharina and Romanos, Marcel and Deckert, J{\"u}rgen and Pauli, Paul}, title = {Reducing Generalization of Conditioned Fear: Beneficial Impact of Fear Relevance and Feedback in Discrimination Training}, series = {Frontiers in Psychology}, volume = {12}, journal = {Frontiers in Psychology}, issn = {1664-1078}, doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2021.665711}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-239970}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Anxiety patients over-generalize fear, possibly because of an incapacity to discriminate threat and safety signals. Discrimination trainings are promising approaches for reducing such fear over-generalization. Here we investigated the efficacy of a fear-relevant vs. a fear-irrelevant discrimination training on fear generalization and whether the effects are increased with feedback during training. Eighty participants underwent two fear acquisition blocks, during which one face (conditioned stimulus, CS+), but not another face (CS-), was associated with a female scream (unconditioned stimulus, US). During two generalization blocks, both CSs plus four morphs (generalization stimuli, GS1-GS4) were presented. Between these generalization blocks, half of the participants underwent a fear-relevant discrimination training (discrimination between CS+ and the other faces) with or without feedback and the other half a fear-irrelevant discrimination training (discrimination between the width of lines) with or without feedback. US expectancy, arousal, valence ratings, and skin conductance responses (SCR) indicated successful fear acquisition. Importantly, fear-relevant vs. fear-irrelevant discrimination trainings and feedback vs. no feedback reduced generalization as reflected in US expectancy ratings independently from one another. No effects of training condition were found for arousal and valence ratings or SCR. In summary, this is a first indication that fear-relevant discrimination training and feedback can improve the discrimination between threat and safety signals in healthy individuals, at least for learning-related evaluations, but not evaluations of valence or (physiological) arousal.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Hohage2012, author = {Hohage, Amelie}, title = {{\"U}berpr{\"u}fung der Eignung des Kiddie-SADS-Interviews zur dimensionalen Erfassung der externalen Symptomatik bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivit{\"a}tsst{\"o}rung - Eine empirische Untersuchung}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-73984}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2012}, abstract = {In der vorliegenden Arbeit sollte ein Interview auf die G{\"u}tekriterien Objektivit{\"a}t, Validit{\"a}t und Reliabilit{\"a}t {\"u}berpr{\"u}ft werden. Es sollte untersucht werden, ob das Interview geeignet ist, aktuell vorhandene Symptome der ADHS und der ODD dimensional zu erfassen. Dabei wurden 61 Patienten der Klinik und Poliklinik f{\"u}r Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie der Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg mit ihren M{\"u}ttern befragt. Die Objektivit{\"a}t wurde {\"u}berpr{\"u}ft, indem das Interview auf Video aufgezeichnet und nochmals von einem zweiten Beurteiler ausgewertet wurde. Die Summenwerte der beiden Interviewer wurden miteinander korreliert. Die Korrelation war signifikant und ergab einen Wert von rk= ,98. Die Objektivit{\"a}t im Sinne der Beurteiler{\"u}bereinstimmung kann somit als hoch angesehen werden. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass die zusammenfassende Beurteilung des Interviewers h{\"o}her mit der Einsch{\"a}tzung aufgrund der Angaben der M{\"u}tter korreliert als mit der Einsch{\"a}tzung aufgrund der Angaben der Kinder. Die Korrelation zwischen der zusammenfassenden Beurteilung und der Einsch{\"a}tzung aufgrund der Angaben der M{\"u}ttern ergab einen Wert von r= ,98, die Korrelation zwischen der zusammenfassenden Beurteilung und der Einsch{\"a}tzung aufgrund der Angaben der Kindern einen Wert von r= ,57. Die zusammenfassende Beurteilung des Interviewers gr{\"u}ndet demnach im Wesentlichen auf den Angaben der M{\"u}tter. Die Konstruktvalidit{\"a}t wurde ermittelt, indem das Interview mit anderen diagnostischen Verfahren verglichen wurde. Die Korrelation des Interviews mit ADHS-nahen Konstrukten war signifikant und ergab Werte zwischen rtc= ,48 und rtc= ,70. Die diskriminante Validit{\"a}t wurde durch Korrelation mit ADHS-fernen Konstrukten ermittelt. Der Korrelationskoeffizient betrug rtc= ,27. Die Validit{\"a}t liegt somit im mittleren bis oberen Bereich. Ebenfalls wurde belegt, dass Kinder mit zus{\"a}tzlicher St{\"o}rung des Sozialverhaltens einen h{\"o}heren Gesamtscore im Interview erreichen. Das Interview diskriminiert demnach erwartungsgem{\"a}ß zwischen ADHS-Patienten mit zus{\"a}tzlicher St{\"o}rung des Sozialverhaltens und ADHS-Patienten ohne zus{\"a}tzliche St{\"o}rung. Die {\"U}berpr{\"u}fung der G{\"u}tekriterien erzielte gute Ergebnisse f{\"u}r Objektivit{\"a}t und Validit{\"a}t. Demnach werden Symptome der ADHS und der oppositionellen St{\"o}rung des Sozialverhaltens mit dem untersuchten Verfahren in hinreichender G{\"u}te erfasst.}, subject = {Aufmerksamkeits-Defizit-Syndrom}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Holweck2022, author = {Holweck, Julia}, title = {Putative Biomarker neuropsychiatrischer Entwicklungskomorbidit{\"a}ten beim Deletionssyndrom 22q11.2}, doi = {10.25972/OPUS-29291}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-292915}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Vom Deletionssyndrom 22q11.2 Betroffene sind einem {\"u}berdurchschnittlich hohen Risiko ausgesetzt im Entwicklungsverlauf psychisch zu erkranken. H{\"a}ufige St{\"o}rungsbilder sind unter anderem ADHS, Angsterkrankungen, affektive St{\"o}rungen, Erkrankungen aus dem schizophrenen Formenkreis und Morbus Parkinson. Ziel der Studie war es, ph{\"a}notypische Auff{\"a}lligkeiten beim DS22q11 zu identifizieren, die dabei helfen k{\"o}nnten, Hochrisikogruppen innerhalb des Syndroms fr{\"u}hzeitig identifizieren zu k{\"o}nnen und in Form von Biomarkern messbar sind. Hierzu wurden die bereits in Forschung und teilweise auch in der Klinik etablierten Verfahren der transkraniellen Sonographie und der standardisierten Riechtestung eingesetzt.}, subject = {Mikrodeletionssyndrom 22q11}, language = {de} } @article{HommersRichterYangetal.2018, author = {Hommers, L. G. and Richter, J. and Yang, Y. and Raab, A. and Baumann, C. and Lang, K. and Schiele, M. A. and Weber, H. and Wittmann, A. and Wolf, C. and Alpers, G. W. and Arolt, V. and Domschke, K. and Fehm, L. and Fydrich, T. and Gerlach, A. and Gloster, A. T. and Hamm, A. O. and Helbig-Lang, S. and Kircher, T. and Lang, T. and Pan{\´e}-Farr{\´e}, C. A. and Pauli, P. and Pfleiderer, B. and Reif, A. and Romanos, M. and Straube, B. and Str{\"o}hle, A. and Wittchen, H.-U. and Frantz, S. and Ertl, G. and Lohse, M. J. and Lueken, U. and Deckert, J.}, title = {A functional genetic variation of SLC6A2 repressor hsa-miR-579-3p upregulates sympathetic noradrenergic processes of fear and anxiety}, series = {Translational Psychiatry}, volume = {8}, journal = {Translational Psychiatry}, doi = {10.1038/s41398-018-0278-4}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-322497}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Increased sympathetic noradrenergic signaling is crucially involved in fear and anxiety as defensive states. MicroRNAs regulate dynamic gene expression during synaptic plasticity and genetic variation of microRNAs modulating noradrenaline transporter gene (SLC6A2) expression may thus lead to altered central and peripheral processing of fear and anxiety. In silico prediction of microRNA regulation of SLC6A2 was confirmed by luciferase reporter assays and identified hsa-miR-579-3p as a regulating microRNA. The minor (T)-allele of rs2910931 (MAFcases = 0.431, MAFcontrols = 0.368) upstream of MIR579 was associated with panic disorder in patients (pallelic = 0.004, ncases = 506, ncontrols = 506) and with higher trait anxiety in healthy individuals (pASI = 0.029, pACQ = 0.047, n = 3112). Compared to the major (A)-allele, increased promoter activity was observed in luciferase reporter assays in vitro suggesting more effective MIR579 expression and SLC6A2 repression in vivo (p = 0.041). Healthy individuals carrying at least one (T)-allele showed a brain activation pattern suggesting increased defensive responding and sympathetic noradrenergic activation in midbrain and limbic areas during the extinction of conditioned fear. Panic disorder patients carrying two (T)-alleles showed elevated heart rates in an anxiety-provoking behavioral avoidance test (F(2, 270) = 5.47, p = 0.005). Fine-tuning of noradrenaline homeostasis by a MIR579 genetic variation modulated central and peripheral sympathetic noradrenergic activation during fear processing and anxiety. This study opens new perspectives on the role of microRNAs in the etiopathogenesis of anxiety disorders, particularly their cardiovascular symptoms and comorbidities.}, language = {en} } @article{HaertelSpieglerFortmannetal.2020, author = {H{\"a}rtel, Christoph and Spiegler, Juliane and Fortmann, Ingmar and Astiz, Mariana and Oster, Henrik and Siller, Bastian and Viemann, Dorothee and Keil, Thomas and Banaschewski, Tobias and Romanos, Marcel and Herting, Egbert and G{\"o}pel, Wolfgang}, title = {Breastfeeding for 3 months or longer but not probiotics is associated with reduced risk for inattention/hyperactivity and conduct problems in very-low-birth-weight children at early primary school age}, series = {Nutrients}, volume = {12}, journal = {Nutrients}, number = {11}, issn = {2072-6643}, doi = {10.3390/nu12113278}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-216319}, year = {2020}, abstract = {(1) Background: We aimed to evaluate the effect of proposed "microbiome-stabilising interventions", i.e., breastfeeding for ≥3 months and prophylactic use of Lactobacillus acidophilus/ Bifidobacterium infantis probiotics on neurocognitive and behavioral outcomes of very-low-birthweight (VLBW) children aged 5-6 years. (2) Methods: We performed a 5-year-follow-up assessment including a strength and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ) and an intelligence quotient (IQ) assessment using the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)-III test in preterm children previously enrolled in the German Neonatal Network (GNN). The analysis was restricted to children exposed to antenatal corticosteroids and postnatal antibiotics. (3) Results: 2467 primary school-aged children fulfilled the inclusion criteria. In multivariable linear regression models breastfeeding ≥3 months was associated with lower conduct disorders (B (95\% confidence intervals (CI)): -0.25 (-0.47 to -0.03)) and inattention/hyperactivity (-0.46 (-0.81 to -0.10)) as measured by SDQ. Probiotic treatment during the neonatal period had no effect on SDQ scores or intelligence. (4) Conclusions: Prolonged breastfeeding of highly vulnerable infants may promote their mental health later in childhood, particularly by reducing risk for inattention/hyperactivity and conduct disorders. Future studies need to disentangle the underlying mechanisms during a critical time frame of development.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Haeussler2019, author = {H{\"a}ußler, Marie}, title = {Untersuchung der kardialen autonomen Regulation anhand der Herzfrequenzvariabilit{\"a}t bei depressiven Kindern und Jugendlichen im Vergleich zu gesunden Kontrollen - eine Pilotstudie mit Querschnitts- und L{\"a}ngsschnittanalysen}, doi = {10.25972/OPUS-16875}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-168750}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Bei Erwachsenen ist ein Zusammenhang zwischen Depressionen und Herzerkrankungen bekannt. Als m{\"o}glicher Mechanismus hierf{\"u}r gilt eine Ver{\"a}nderung der kardialen autonomen Funktion, messbar {\"u}ber eine verminderte Herzfrequenzvariabilit{\"a}t (HRV) und eine h{\"o}here Herzfrequenz. Es finden sich in der Literatur erste Hinweise, dass auch bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit Depressionen Ver{\"a}nderungen der kardialen autonomen Regulation zu beobachten sind. In der vorliegenden Studie an der Klinik und Poliklinik f{\"u}r Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie W{\"u}rzburg wurde erstmals die kardiale autonome Funktion bei depressiven Kindern und Jugendlichen mit Hilfe von Langzeit-EKGs untersucht. Gepr{\"u}ft wurde hierbei, ob depressive St{\"o}rungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter mit einer gest{\"o}rten kardialen autonomen Regulation in Form einer verminderten HRV und einer erh{\"o}hten Herzfrequenz vergesellschaftet sind. Zudem wurde der Einfluss einer antidepressiven Therapie untersucht. Die Ergebnisse der Studie zeigen, dass depressive Kinder und Jugendliche im Vergleich zu gesunden eine signifikant h{\"o}here mittlere Herzfrequenz im Langzeit-EKG aufweisen. Zudem hatten sie leicht verminderte HRV-Parameter, wobei dieser Unterschied nicht statistisch signifikant war. Eine Ver{\"a}nderung der HRV oder der Herzfrequenz im Therapieverlauf konnte nicht belegt werden. Weitere gr{\"o}ßere Studien sind n{\"o}tig, um die Zusammenh{\"a}nge zwischen Depressionen und Ver{\"a}nderungen der kardialen autonomen Funktion im Kindes- und Jugendalter zu erforschen.}, subject = {Herzfrequenzvariabilit{\"a}t}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Huettl2023, author = {H{\"u}ttl, Fabian}, title = {Motorische Fertigkeiten von Kindern und Jugendlichen mit psychischen St{\"o}rungen - eine retrospektive Analyse}, doi = {10.25972/OPUS-32190}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-321905}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Durch die vorliegende Arbeit konnte st{\"o}rungs{\"u}bergreifend ein Zusammenhang zwischen dem Tag der Motorik-Testung und dem IQ einerseits und den Testbefunden zur Motorik andererseits gezeigt werden. Es gelang nicht, den vermuteten negativen Einfluss von psychosozialen Faktoren auf motorische F{\"a}higkeiten zu demonstrieren. Bez{\"u}glich der ADHS-Medikation konnte aufgrund des Studiendesigns als Querschnittstudie keine klare Aussage getroffen werden, ob ein positiver Einfluss auf motorische F{\"a}higkeiten vorliegt. Bei den Patient-/innen mit Hyperkinetischer St{\"o}rung des Sozialverhaltens (F90.1) fanden sich zwar bei bestehender ADHS-Medikation signifikant bessere Testbefunde der Balance, es konnte jedoch nicht gekl{\"a}rt werden, warum der positive Effekt der ADHS-Medikation nur auf diese St{\"o}rungsgruppe und den Balance-Untertest der M-ABC II begrenzt war. Im Gruppenvergleich konnten signifikant bessere motorische F{\"a}higkeiten der Patient-/innen mit internalisierender St{\"o}rung als jener mit externalisierender St{\"o}rung festgestellt werden. Damit kongruent kam die Diagnose einer UEMF (F82) in der Gruppe der externalisierenden St{\"o}rungen h{\"a}ufiger vor. Da ein Großteil der Patient-/innen der externalisierenden St{\"o}rungsgruppe an Defiziten der Aufmerksamkeit, Impulskontrolle und der Motivation litt, ist davon auszugehen, dass diese Symptome zu schwerwiegenden Beeintr{\"a}chtigungen der motorischen F{\"a}higkeiten und damit auch zu weiteren Problemen im Alltag oder bei der Schullaufbahn f{\"u}hren. Innerhalb der Gruppe der externalisierenden St{\"o}rungen konnte hinsichtlich der motorischen F{\"a}higkeiten kein Unterschied zwischen Patient-/innen mit Hyperkinetischen St{\"o}rungen (F90.-) und solchen mit St{\"o}rung des Sozialverhaltens (F91) gefunden werden. Ein solcher Unterschied h{\"a}tte einen Hinweis geben k{\"o}nnen, ob eher Defizite der Aufmerksamkeit und Impulskontrolle oder ein Motivationsdefizit mit motorischen Einschr{\"a}nkungen verbunden sind. Hierbei ist anzumerken, dass die Gruppengr{\"o}ßen f{\"u}r einen validen Vergleich dieser St{\"o}rungsgruppen nicht ausreichend waren. Der Vergleich motorischer F{\"a}higkeiten sowie der H{\"a}ufigkeit einer UEMF (F82) zwischen Patient-/innen mit umschriebener Entwicklungsst{\"o}rung des Sprechens und der Sprache (F80) einerseits und Patient-/innen mit umschriebener Entwicklungsst{\"o}rung der schulischen Fertigkeiten (F81) andererseits best{\"a}tigte die Vermutung, dass bei Patient-/innen der St{\"o}rungsgruppe F80 schlechtere motorische F{\"a}higkeiten und signifikant mehr motorische Defizite vorlagen. Ein Teil dieses Unterschieds l{\"a}sst sich jedoch durch den signifikant niedrigeren IQ der St{\"o}rungsgruppe F80 erkl{\"a}ren. Es muss dar{\"u}ber hinaus ber{\"u}cksichtigt werden, dass bei den umschriebenen Entwicklungsst{\"o}rungen F80 und F81 eine h{\"a}ufige Komorbidit{\"a}t mit externalisierenden St{\"o}rungen bestand, sodass motorische Defizite auch durch ein urs{\"a}chliches Defizit der Aufmerksamkeit und Impulskontrolle erkl{\"a}rt werden k{\"o}nnten.}, subject = {Motorische F{\"a}higkeit}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Huetz2021, author = {H{\"u}tz, Barbara}, title = {Substantia Nigra-Echogenit{\"a}t als Biomarker f{\"u}r Erkrankungen aus dem psychotischen Formenkreis und Korrelat psychopharmakologischer Nebenwirkungen bei Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen}, doi = {10.25972/OPUS-23171}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-231713}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Hintergrund: Bei erwachsenen Patient*innen mit Erkrankungen aus dem Schizophrenie-Spektrum konnte im transkraniellen Ultraschall im Vergleich zu gesunden Proband*innen eine signifikant erh{\"o}hte Echogenit{\"a}t der Substantia Nigra (SN) nachgewiesen werden. Zudem bestand ein Zusammenhang zwischen der SN-Fl{\"a}che und st{\"a}rker ausgepr{\"a}gten extrapyramidalmotorischen Bewegungsst{\"o}rungen unter Antipsychotikatherapie. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde {\"u}berpr{\"u}ft, inwiefern die Echogenit{\"a}t der SN auch bei Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen als Biomarker f{\"u}r Erkrankungen aus dem psychotischen Formenkreis und als Korrelat psychopharmakologischer Nebenwirkungen herangezogen werden kann. Des Weiteren wurde der Einfluss von Alter, Krankheitsdauer sowie Antipsychotika-Lebenszeitdosis auf die SN-Echogenit{\"a}t untersucht sowie Zusammenh{\"a}nge mit peripheren Eisenparametern. Methoden: Hierf{\"u}r wurden insgesamt 16 station{\"a}r behandelte Patient*innen zwischen 14 - 22 Jahren mit Erkrankungen aus dem schizophrenen Formenkreis sowie nach Alter und Geschlecht gematchte gesunde Kontrollen mittels TCS untersucht. Aus peripher entnommenem Blut wurden Parameter des Eisenhaushalts bestimmt. Ergebnisse: Es konnten entgegen der Hypothese keine signifikanten Unterschiede in Bezug auf die Echogenit{\"a}t der SN im Vergleich zur gesunden Kontrollgruppe festgestellt werden. Bez{\"u}glich der Schwere der beobachteten EPMS ergab sich entgegen der Hypothese und im Kontrast zu Befunden bei Erwachsenen kein Zusammenhang mit der SN-Echogenit{\"a}t. Das Alter der Proband*innen, die Krankheitsdauer sowie die Dosis der eingenommenen Antipsychotika zeigten keine Zusammenh{\"a}nge mit der SN-Echogenit{\"a}t. Interessanterweise zeigte sich eine signifikant negative Korrelation zwischen der echogenen Fl{\"a}che der SN und Eisen sowie Transferrin. Schlussfolgerung: Im Jugend- und jungen Erwachsenenalter eignet sich die SN-Echogenit{\"a}t vermutlich nicht als Biomarker f{\"u}r Erkrankungen aus dem Schizophrenie-Spektrum oder f{\"u}r die Pr{\"a}diktion von Nebenwirkungen antipsychotischer Medikation. M{\"o}glicherweise manifestiert sich eine erh{\"o}hte Echogenit{\"a}t der SN, welche als Zeichen f{\"u}r eine Sch{\"a}digung der dopaminergen Neurone gesehen wird, bei schizophrenen Psychosen erst im Verlauf der Krankheit. Da wir die Studienteilnehmer*innen nur zu einem einzigen Zeitpunkt im Laufe ihrer Krankheitsgeschichte untersuchten, kann keine Aussage {\"u}ber den weiteren Verlauf der SN-Echogenit{\"a}t getroffen werden. Hierf{\"u}r w{\"a}ren longitudinale Untersuchungen zielf{\"u}hrend, da nur so m{\"o}gliche entwicklungsbedingte Ver{\"a}nderungen festgestellt werden k{\"o}nnen.}, subject = {Substantia nigra}, language = {de} } @article{JaiteBuehrenDahmenetal.2019, author = {Jaite, Charlotte and B{\"u}hren, Katharina and Dahmen, Brigitte and Dempfle, Astrid and Becker, Katja and Correll, Christoph U. and Egberts, Karin M. and Ehrlich, Stefan and Fleischhaker, Christian and von Gontard, Alexander and Hahn, Freia and Kolar, David and Kaess, Michael and Legenbauer, Tanja and Renner, Tobias J. and Schulze, Ulrike and Sinzig, Judith and Thomae, Ellen and Weber, Linda and Wessing, Ida and Antony, Gisela and Hebebrand, Johannes and F{\"o}cker, Manuel and Herpertz-Dahlmann, Beate}, title = {Clinical Characteristics of Inpatients with Childhood vs. Adolescent Anorexia Nervosa}, series = {Nutrients}, volume = {11}, journal = {Nutrients}, number = {11}, issn = {2072-6643}, doi = {10.3390/nu11112593}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-193160}, pages = {2593}, year = {2019}, abstract = {We aimed to compare the clinical data at first presentation to inpatient treatment of children (<14 years) vs. adolescents (≥14 years) with anorexia nervosa (AN), focusing on duration of illness before hospital admission and body mass index (BMI) at admission and discharge, proven predictors of the outcomes of adolescent AN. Clinical data at first admission and at discharge in 289 inpatients with AN (children: n = 72; adolescents: n = 217) from a German multicenter, web-based registry for consecutively enrolled patients with childhood and adolescent AN were analyzed. Inclusion criteria were a maximum age of 18 years, first inpatient treatment due to AN, and a BMI <10th BMI percentile at admission. Compared to adolescents, children with AN had a shorter duration of illness before admission (median: 6.0 months vs. 8.0 months, p = 0.004) and higher BMI percentiles at admission (median: 0.7 vs. 0.2, p = 0.004) as well as at discharge (median: 19.3 vs. 15.1, p = 0.011). Thus, in our study, children with AN exhibited clinical characteristics that have been associated with better outcomes, including higher admission and discharge BMI percentile. Future studies should examine whether these factors are actually associated with positive long-term outcomes in children.}, language = {en} } @article{JarickVolckmarPuetteretal.2014, author = {Jarick, I. and Volckmar, A. L. and P{\"u}tter, C. and Pechlivanis, S. and Nguyen, T. T. and Dauvermann, M. R. and Beck, S. and Albayrak, {\"O}. and Scherag, S. and Gilsbach, S. and Cichon, S. and Hoffmann, P. and Degenhardt, F. and N{\"o}then, M. M. and Schreiber, S. and Wichmann, H. E. and J{\"o}ckel, K. H. and Heinrich, J. and Tiesler, C. M. T. and Faraone, S. V. and Walitza, S. and Sinzig, J. and Freitag, C. and Meyer, J. and Herpertz-Dahlmann, B. and Lehmkuhl, G. and Renner, T. J. and Warnke, A. and Romanos, M. and Lesch, K. P. and Reif, A. and Schimmelmann, B. G. and Hebebrand, J. and Scherag, A. and Hinney, A.}, title = {Genome-wide analysis of rare copy number variations reveals PARK2 as a candidate gene for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder}, series = {Molecular Psychiatry}, volume = {19}, journal = {Molecular Psychiatry}, number = {19}, doi = {10.1038/mp.2012.161}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-121131}, pages = {115-21}, year = {2014}, abstract = {Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common, highly heritable neurodevelopmental disorder. Genetic loci have not yet been identified by genome-wide association studies. Rare copy number variations (CNVs), such as chromosomal deletions or duplications, have been implicated in ADHD and other neurodevelopmental disorders. To identify rare (frequency ≤1\%) CNVs that increase the risk of ADHD, we performed a whole-genome CNV analysis based on 489 young ADHD patients and 1285 adult population-based controls and identified one significantly associated CNV region. In tests for a global burden of large (>500 kb) rare CNVs, we observed a nonsignificant (P=0.271) 1.126-fold enriched rate of subjects carrying at least one such CNV in the group of ADHD cases. Locus-specific tests of association were used to assess if there were more rare CNVs in cases compared with controls. Detected CNVs, which were significantly enriched in the ADHD group, were validated by quantitative (q)PCR. Findings were replicated in an independent sample of 386 young patients with ADHD and 781 young population-based healthy controls. We identified rare CNVs within the parkinson protein 2 gene (PARK2) with a significantly higher prevalence in ADHD patients than in controls \((P=2.8 × 10^{-4})\) after empirical correction for genome-wide testing). In total, the PARK2 locus (chr 6: 162 659 756-162 767 019) harboured three deletions and nine duplications in the ADHD patients and two deletions and two duplications in the controls. By qPCR analysis, we validated 11 of the 12 CNVs in ADHD patients \((P=1.2 × 10^{-3})\) after empirical correction for genome-wide testing). In the replication sample, CNVs at the PARK2 locus were found in four additional ADHD patients and one additional control \((P=4.3 × 10^{-2})\). Our results suggest that copy number variants at the PARK2 locus contribute to the genetic susceptibility of ADHD. Mutations and CNVs in PARK2 are known to be associated with Parkinson disease.}, language = {en} } @article{KaiserAggensteinerHoltmannetal.2021, author = {Kaiser, Anna and Aggensteiner, Pascal-M. and Holtmann, Martin and Fallgatter, Andreas and Romanos, Marcel and Abenova, Karina and Alm, Barbara and Becker, Katja and D{\"o}pfner, Manfred and Ethofer, Thomas and Freitag, Christine M. and Geissler, Julia and Hebebrand, Johannes and Huss, Michael and Jans, Thomas and Jendreizik, Lea Teresa and Ketter, Johanna and Legenbauer, Tanja and Philipsen, Alexandra and Poustka, Luise and Renner, Tobias and Retz, Wolfgang and R{\"o}sler, Michael and Thome, Johannes and Uebel-von Sandersleben, Henrik and von Wirth, Elena and Zinnow, Toivo and Hohmann, Sarah and Millenet, Sabina and Holz, Nathalie E. and Banaschewski, Tobias and Brandeis, Daniel}, title = {EEG data quality: determinants and impact in a multicenter study of children, adolescents, and adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)}, series = {Brain Sciences}, volume = {11}, journal = {Brain Sciences}, number = {2}, issn = {2076-3425}, doi = {10.3390/brainsci11020214}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-228788}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Electroencephalography (EEG) represents a widely established method for assessing altered and typically developing brain function. However, systematic studies on EEG data quality, its correlates, and consequences are scarce. To address this research gap, the current study focused on the percentage of artifact-free segments after standard EEG pre-processing as a data quality index. We analyzed participant-related and methodological influences, and validity by replicating landmark EEG effects. Further, effects of data quality on spectral power analyses beyond participant-related characteristics were explored. EEG data from a multicenter ADHD-cohort (age range 6 to 45 years), and a non-ADHD school-age control group were analyzed (n\(_{total}\) = 305). Resting-state data during eyes open, and eyes closed conditions, and task-related data during a cued Continuous Performance Task (CPT) were collected. After pre-processing, general linear models, and stepwise regression models were fitted to the data. We found that EEG data quality was strongly related to demographic characteristics, but not to methodological factors. We were able to replicate maturational, task, and ADHD effects reported in the EEG literature, establishing a link with EEG-landmark effects. Furthermore, we showed that poor data quality significantly increases spectral power beyond effects of maturation and symptom severity. Taken together, the current results indicate that with a careful design and systematic quality control, informative large-scale multicenter trials characterizing neurophysiological mechanisms in neurodevelopmental disorders across the lifespan are feasible. Nevertheless, results are restricted to the limitations reported. Future work will clarify predictive value.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Kipp2019, author = {Kipp, Ellen}, title = {Therapeutisches Drug Monitoring von Clozapin und Olanzapin bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit Erkrankungen aus dem schizophrenen Formenkreis}, doi = {10.25972/OPUS-18269}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-182699}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Derzeit gibt es nur wenige Informationen zu konzentrationsabh{\"a}ngigen klinischen Effekten von Clozapin und Olanzapin in der Behandlung von Kindern und Jugendlichen mit schizophrenen St{\"o}rungen. Es existieren keine altersspezifisch-definierte therapeutische Zielbereiche f{\"u}r die H{\"o}he der Serumkonzentration in dieser Altersklasse. Das Ziel dieser retrospektiven, naturalistischen Studie ist die Untersuchung der Zusammenh{\"a}nge zwischen Dosis, Serumkonzentration und klinischen Effekten (Therapieeffekt und unerw{\"u}nschte Arzneimittelwirkungen) sowie die Untersuchung m{\"o}glicher Einflussfaktoren darauf. Des Weiteren sollen Erkenntnisse zu therapeutischen Konzentrationsbereichen von Clozapin und Olanzapin bei Kindern und Jugendlichen gewonnen werden. Ausgewertet wurden multizentrische Daten von 32 (Clozapin) bzw. 17 (Olanzapin) Patienten, bei denen routinem{\"a}ßig Therapeutisches Drug Monitoring im Zeitraum von Februar 2004 bis Dezember 2007 durchgef{\"u}hrt wurde. Die psychopathologische Befundeinsch{\"a}tzung erfolgte mittels der Clinical Global Impression Scale und der Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, die der unerw{\"u}nschten Arzneimittelwirkungen mithilfe der Dose Record and Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale bzw. der Udvalg for Kliniske Unders{\o}gelser Side Effect Rating Scale. Bei beiden untersuchten Wirkstoffen zeigte sich eine signifikant positive Korrelation zwischen der (gewichtskorrigierten) Tagesdosis und der Serumkonzentration sowie eine hohe interindividuelle Variabilit{\"a}t der Serumkonzentrationen bei gleicher Dosierung. Als weiterer m{\"o}glicher Einflussfaktor auf die H{\"o}he der Serumkonzentration konnte in der Olanzapin-Stichprobe eine signifikante Assoziation zwischen dem Geschlecht und der Serumkonzentration nachgewiesen werden: M{\"a}dchen scheinen unter gleicher klinischer Dosierung h{\"o}here Serumkonzentrationen aufzubauen als Jungen. In beiden Stichproben gab es eine hohe Rate dokumentierter unerw{\"u}nschter Arzneimittelwirkungen. Ein Zusammenhang zwischen der H{\"o}he der Serumkonzentration und dem Auftreten unerw{\"u}nschter Arzneimittelwirkungen ließ sich nicht nachweisen. In der Clozapin-Stichprobe zeigte sich ein signifikanter Zusammenhang zwischen der Serumkonzentration und dem Therapieeffekt: Im untersuchten Sample war der Therapieeffekt besser bei niedrigeren (< 350 ng/ml) Serumkonzentrationen. Zudem zeigte sich eine Tendenz zu einem niedrigeren unteren Schwellenwert f{\"u}r einen empfohlenen therapeutischen Bereich der Serumkonzentration verglichen mit dem Bereich der f{\"u}r Erwachsene definiert wurde. In der Olanzapin-Stichprobe ließ sich mit dem gew{\"a}hlten Studiendesign keine signifikante Korrelation zwischen der Serumkonzentration und dem Therapieeffekt nachweisen. Die Mehrheit der p{\"a}diatrischen Patienten hatte eine Serumkonzentration innerhalb des empfohlenen Zielbereichs f{\"u}r Erwachsene. Dieses Ergebnis k{\"o}nnte auf eine {\"U}bereinstimmung des zu empfehlenden Zielbereichs der Serumkonzentration von Olanzapin in beiden Altersklassen hinweisen. Aufgrund der Limitationen des naturalistischen Studiendesigns sind weitere Studien mit kontrolliertem Design und gr{\"o}ßerer Stichprobe notwendig, um die Ergebnisse zu replizieren.}, subject = {Arzneimittel{\"u}berwachung}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Klampfl2003, author = {Klampfl, Karin Maria}, title = {Komorbidit{\"a}t bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit einer Zwangsst{\"o}rung}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-8139}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2003}, abstract = {Thema der vorliegenden Arbeit war die Erfassung und Beschreibung der psychiatrischen Komorbidit{\"a}t bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit einer Zwangsst{\"o}rung. An vier deutschen Universit{\"a}tskliniken f{\"u}r Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie wurden konsekutiv 55 Kinder und Jugendliche mit juveniler Zwangsst{\"o}rung im Hinblick auf Art und Auspr{\"a}gung ihrer Zwangssymptomatik sowie hinsichtlich komorbid vorliegender psychiatrischer St{\"o}rungen mit standardisierten Instrumenten untersucht. Die beschriebene Patientenstichprobe zeigte bez{\"u}glich klinischer und epidemiologischer Merkmale große {\"U}bereinstimmung mit den bisher epirisch gewonnenen Daten. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass bei Kindern un Jugendlichen mit Zwangsst{\"o}rung von einer hohen Zahl komorbider psychischer St{\"o}rungen auszugehen ist, wobei Angstst{\"o}rungen, affektive St{\"o}rungen und expansive St{\"o}rungen (Hyperkinetisches Syndrom, St{\"o}rung des Sozialverhaltens)am h{\"a}ufigsten zu diagnostizieren waren, gefolgt von Essst{\"o}rungen und Tics. Die genaue Erhebung des Verteilungsmusters der komorbiden St{\"o}rungen ist nicht nur von therapeutischer Relevanz, sondern kann auch einen Beitrag leisten, Untergruppen der juvenilen Zwangsst{\"o}rung zu identifizieren und m{\"o}glicherweise R{\"u}ckschl{\"u}sse auf die Entstehung der Erkrankung zu ziehen.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Kneer2022, author = {Kneer, Katharina Johanna}, title = {The association of three anxiety dimensions in children and adolescents: their influence on the brain and malleability by a prevention program}, doi = {10.25972/OPUS-25746}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-257468}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent group of neuropsychiatric disorders and go along with high personal suffering. They often arise during childhood and show a progression across the life span, thus making this age a specific vulnerable period during development. Still most research about these disorders is done in adults. In light of this, it seems of utmost importance to identify predictive factors of anxiety disorders in children and adolescents. Temperament or personality traits have been proclaimed as risk markers for the development of subsequent anxiety disorders, but their exact interplay is not clear. In this dissertation an effort is made to contribute to the understanding of how risk markers of early temperamental traits, in this case Trait Anxiety, Anxiety Sensitivity and Separation Anxiety are interplaying. While Trait Anxiety is regarded as a more general tendency to react anxiously to threatening situations or stimuli (Unnewehr, Joormann, Schneider, \& Margraf, 1992), Anxiety Sensitivity is the tendency to react with fear to one's own anxious sensations (Allan et al., 2014; S. Reiss, Peterson, Gursky, \& McNally, 1986), and Separation Anxiety is referring to the extent to which the child is avoiding certain situations because of the fear of being separated from primary care givers (In-Albon \& Schneider, 2011). In addition, it will be addressed how these measurements are associated with negative life events, as well as brain functioning and if they are malleable by a prevention program in children and adolescents. In study 1 the aim was to extend the knowledge about the interrelations of this anxiety dimensions and negative life events. Results indicated positive correlations of all three anxiety traits as well as with negative life events. Thus, a close connection of all three anxiety measures as well as with negative life events could be indicated. The closest association was found between Anxiety Sensitivity and Trait Anxiety and between Separation Anxiety and Anxiety Sensitivity. Furthermore, negative life events functioned as mediator between Anxiety Sensitivity and Trait Anxiety, indicating that a part of the association was explained by negative life events. In study 2 we extended the findings from study 1 with neurobiological parameters and examined the influence of anxiety traits on emotional brain activation by administering the "emotional face matching task". This task activated bilateral prefrontal regions as well as both hippocampi and the right amygdala. Further analyses indicated dimension-specific brain activations: Trait Anxiety was associated with a hyperactivation of the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and Separation Anxiety with a lower activation bilaterally in the IFG and the right middle frontal gyrus (MFG). Furthermore, the association between Separation Anxiety and Anxiety Sensitivity was moderated by bi-hemispheric Separation-Anxiety-related IFG activation. Thus, we could identify distinct brain activation patterns for the anxiety dimensions (Trait Anxiety and Separation Anxiety) and their associations (Separation Anxiety and Anxiety Sensitivity). The aim of study 3 was to probe the selective malleability of the anxiety dimensions via a prevention program in an at-risk population. We could identify a reduction of all three anxiety traits from pre- to post-prevention-assessment and that this effect was significant in Anxiety Sensitivity and Trait Anxiety scores. Furthermore, we found that pre-intervention Separation Anxiety and Anxiety Sensitivity post-intervention were associated. In addition, pre-interventive scores were correlated with the intervention-induced change within the measure (i.e., the higher the score before the intervention the higher the prevention-induced change) and pre-intervention Anxiety Sensitivity correlated with the change in Separation Anxiety scores. All relations, seemed to be direct, as mediation/moderation analyses with negative life events did not reveal any significant effect. These results are very promising, because research about anxiety prevention in children and adolescents is still rare and our results are indicating that cognitive-behavioural-therapy based prevention is gilding significant results in an indicated sample even when samples sizes are small like in our study. In sum the present findings hint towards distinct mechanisms underlying the three different anxiety dimensions on a phenomenological and neurobiological level, though they are highly overlapping (Higa-McMillan, Francis, Rith-Najarian, \& Chorpita, 2016; Taylor, 1998). Furthermore, the closest associations were found between Anxiety Sensitivity and Trait Anxiety, as well as between Separation Anxiety and Anxiety Sensitivity. Specifically, we were able to find a neuronal manifestation of the association between Separation Anxiety and Anxiety Sensitivity (Separation Anxiety-specific IFG activation) and a predictive potential on prevention influence. The results of these studies lead to a better understanding of the etiology of anxiety disorders and the interplay between different anxiety-related temperamental traits and could lead to further valuable knowledge about the intervention as well as further prevention strategies.}, subject = {Pr{\"a}vention}, language = {en} } @article{KolarHammerleJenetzkyetal.2016, author = {Kolar, David R. and Hammerle, Florian and Jenetzky, Ekkehart and Huss, Michael and B{\"u}rger, Arne}, title = {Aversive tension in female adolescents with Anorexia Nervosa: a controlled ecological momentary assessment using smartphones}, series = {BMC Psychiatry}, volume = {16}, journal = {BMC Psychiatry}, number = {97}, doi = {10.1186/s12888-016-0807-8}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-164720}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Background Current models of Anorexia Nervosa (AN) emphasize the role of emotion regulation. Aversive tension, described as a state of intense arousal and negative valence, is considered to be a link between emotional events and disordered eating. Recent research focused only on adult patients, and mainly general emotion regulation traits were studied. However, the momentary occurrence of aversive tension, particularly in adolescents with AN, has not been previously studied. Method 20 female adolescents with AN in outpatient treatment and 20 healthy adolescents aged 12 to 19 years participated in an ecological momentary assessment using their smartphones. Current states of aversive tension and events were assessed hourly for two consecutive weekdays. Mean and maximum values of aversive tension were compared. Multilevel analyses were computed to test the influence of time and reported events on aversive tension. The effect of reported events on subsequent changes of aversive tension in patients with AN were additionally tested in a multilevel model. Results AN patients showed higher mean and maximum levels of aversive tension. In a multilevel model, reported food intake was associated with higher levels of aversive tension in the AN group, whereas reported school or sport-related events were not linked to specific states of aversive tension. After food intake, subsequent increases of aversive tension were diminished and decreases of aversive tension were induced in adolescents with AN. Conclusions Aversive tension may play a substantial role in the psychopathology of AN, particular in relation with food intake. Therefore, treatment should consider aversive tension as a possible intervening variable during refeeding. Our findings encourage further research on aversive tension and its link to disordered eating.}, language = {en} } @article{KuhlmannHussBuergeretal.2016, author = {Kuhlmann, S.M. and Huss, M. and B{\"u}rger, A. and Hammerle, F.}, title = {Coping with stress in medical students: results of a randomized controlled trial using a mindfulness-based stress prevention training (MediMind) in Germany}, series = {BMC Medical Education}, volume = {16}, journal = {BMC Medical Education}, doi = {10.1186/s12909-016-0833-8}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-164593}, pages = {316}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Background High prevalence rates of psychological distress in medical training and later professional life indicate a need for prevention. Different types of intervention were shown to have good effects, but little is known about the relative efficacy of different types of stress management interventions, and methodological limitations have been reported. In order to overcome some of these limitations, the present study aimed at evaluating the effect of a specifically developed mindfulness-based stress prevention training for medical students (MediMind) on measures of distress, coping and psychological morbidity. Methods We report on a prospective randomized controlled trial with three study conditions: experimental treatment (MediMind), standard treatment (Autogenic Training) and a control group without treatment. The sample consisted of medical or dental students in the second or eighth semester. They completed self-report questionnaires at baseline, after the training and at one year follow-up. Distress (Trier Inventory for the Assessment of Chronic Stress, TICS) was assessed as the primary outcome and coping (Brief COPE) as a co-primary outcome. Effects on the psychological morbidity (Brief Symptom Inventory, BSI) as a secondary outcome were expected one year after the trainings. Results Initially, N = 183 students were randomly allocated to the study groups. At one year follow-up N = 80 could be included into the per-protocol analysis: MediMind (n =31), Autogenic Training (n = 32) and control group (n = 17). A selective drop-out for students who suffered more often from psychological symptoms was detected (p = .020). MANCOVA's on TICS and Brief COPE revealed no significant interaction effects. On the BSI, a significant overall interaction effect became apparent (p = .002, η2partial = .382), but post hoc analyses were not significant. Means of the Global Severity Index (BSI) indicated that MediMind may contribute to a decrease in psychological morbidity. Conclusion Due to the high and selective dropout rates, the results cannot be generalized and further research is necessary. Since the participation rate of the trainings was high, a need for further prevention programs is indicated. The study gives important suggestions on further implementation and evaluation of stress prevention in medical schools.}, language = {en} } @article{KuhnScharfenortSchuemannetal.2016, author = {Kuhn, Manuel and Scharfenort, Robert and Sch{\"u}mann, Dirk and Schiele, Miriam A. and M{\"u}nsterk{\"o}tter, Anna L. and Deckert, J{\"u}rgen and Domschke, Katharina and Haaker, Jan and Kalisch, Raffael and Pauli, Paul and Reif, Andreas and Romanos, Marcel and Zwanzger, Peter and Lonsdorf, Tina B.}, title = {Mismatch or allostatic load? Timing of life adversity differentially shapes gray matter volume and anxious temperament}, series = {Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience}, volume = {11}, journal = {Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience}, number = {4}, doi = {10.1093/scan/nsv137}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-189645}, pages = {537-547}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Traditionally, adversity was defined as the accumulation of environmental events (allostatic load). Recently however, a mismatch between the early and the later (adult) environment (mismatch) has been hypothesized to be critical for disease development, a hypothesis that has not yet been tested explicitly in humans. We explored the impact of timing of life adversity (childhood and past year) on anxiety and depression levels (N = 833) and brain morphology (N = 129). Both remote (childhood) and proximal (recent) adversities were differentially mirrored in morphometric changes in areas critically involved in emotional processing (i.e. amygdala/hippocampus, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, respectively). The effect of adversity on affect acted in an additive way with no evidence for interactions (mismatch). Structural equation modeling demonstrated a direct effect of adversity on morphometric estimates and anxiety/depression without evidence of brain morphology functioning as a mediator. Our results highlight that adversity manifests as pronounced changes in brain morphometric and affective temperament even though these seem to represent distinct mechanistic pathways. A major goal of future studies should be to define critical time periods for the impact of adversity and strategies for intervening to prevent or reverse the effects of adverse childhood life experiences.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Kaempf2012, author = {K{\"a}mpf, Anne Kristina}, title = {Does methylphenidate cause a cytogenetic effect in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder?}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-77652}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2012}, abstract = {MPH wird seit {\"u}ber 50 Jahren zur Therapie des ADHS eingesetzt. Gerade in den letzten Jahren wurde deutlich, dass der Einsatz ohne fundierte Kenntnis {\"u}ber m{\"o}gliche Langzeit-effekte erfolgte, da zum Zeitpunkt der Zulassung aufgrund der begrenzten technischen M{\"o}glichkeiten weniger strenge und weniger umfassende Einschr{\"a}nkungen beachtet wer-den mussten (Walitza, Werner et al. 2007). Da in den letzten Jahren die Anzahl der verschrieben Tagesdosen MPH sprunghaft anstiegen, ist es wichtig, auch die langfristigen Nebenwirkungen von MPH zu untersuchen (Janhsen 2007). Eine Studie von El-Zein et al. von 2005 brachte die Frage auf, ob MPH eventuell Genomsch{\"a}den hervorrufe. Bei 11 von 12 untersuchten Kindern wurde unter der Therapie mit MPH um das 2,4fache erh{\"o}hte Mikrokernfrequenzen gefunden (El-Zein, Abdel-Rahman et al. 2005). Dies beunruhig-te vor allem im Hinblick auf das mit erh{\"o}hten Mikrokernfrequenzen korrelierte erh{\"o}hte Karzinomrisiko. Eine daraufhin von Walitza et al. durchgef{\"u}hrte Studie, die ebenfalls Mikrokernfrequenzen in peripheren Blutzellen untersuchte (Walitza, Werner et al. 2007), konnte keine Hinweise auf eine Genomsch{\"a}digung durch MPH erbringen. Zahlreiche weitere Untersuchungen zur potentiellen Genomsch{\"a}digung durch MPH konnten die Ergebnisse durch in vivo- oder in vitro-Studien nicht best{\"a}tigen und kritisierten die ge-ringe Stichprobengr{\"o}ße sowie mangelnde Transparenz der Arbeit von El-Zein (Preston, Kollins et al. 2005; El-Zein, Hay et al. 2006; Holtmann, Kaina et al. 2006; Suter, Martus et al. 2006). Da jedoch keine weitere Studie sich konkret mit zytogenetischen Effekten in peripheren Blutzellen befasste, soll die vorliegende Arbeit dazu dienen, den Verdacht einer Genomsch{\"a}digung endg{\"u}ltig auszur{\"a}umen (Walitza, Kampf et al. 2009). Dazu wurde eine gr{\"o}ßere Gruppe von Kindern eingeschlossen, sowie Untersuchungen zu verschiedenen Zeitpunkten w{\"a}hrend der MPH-Einnahme, bis hin zu Untersuchungen nach einem Zeitraum von 12 Monaten der MPH- Einnahme, durchgef{\"u}hrt. Mit Hilfe eines Mikrokerntestes wurden in der vorliegenden Studie versucht, DNS-Sch{\"a}den an periphe-ren Lymphozyten zu bestimmen, um daraus auf ein potentiell erh{\"o}htes Krebsrisiko schließen zu k{\"o}nnen. Im Vergleich mit einer gesunden Kontrollgruppe waren die Werte von ADHS-Kindern ohne MPH-Therapie sowie nach 3 und 12 Monaten MPH-Therapie zwar signifikant er-h{\"o}ht, diese gesunde Kontrollgruppe wies jedoch im Vergleich mit internationalen Refe-renzwerten eine extrem niedrige Mikrokernfrequenz auf, so dass davon ausgegangen werden muss, dass diese Vergleiche nur begrenzte Aussagekraft haben. In keiner der verschiedenen mit MPH therapierten Gruppen konnten {\"u}ber die Dauer der Einnahme eine signifikant Erh{\"o}hung der Mikrokernfrequenzen im Vergleich zu den Werten vor Einnahmebeginn nachgewiesen werden, was den Schluss zul{\"a}sst, dass eine Therapie mit Methylphenidat in therapie{\"u}blichen Dosen bei Kindern das Erbgut nicht zu sch{\"a}digen scheint. Dieses Ergebnis best{\"a}tigen inzwischen auch weitere Studien. Der Mikrokerntest erfasst Genomsch{\"a}den, nicht jedoch etwaige tumorpromovierende Eigenschaften des verabreichten Medikaments. Damit ist unklar, ob MPH auf andere Art als {\"u}ber eine Sch{\"a}digung des Genoms das Karzinomrisiko erh{\"o}hen k{\"o}nnte. Erste epidemiologische Studien sehen jedoch keinen Hinweis auf eine wie auch immer entstandene erh{\"o}hte Karzinominzidenz unter der Therapie mit MPH (Selby, Friedman et al. 1989; Oestreicher, Friedman et al. 2007). Hier scheinen jedoch weitere epidemiologische Studien, die m{\"o}g-lichst große Zeitspannen umfassen, n{\"o}tig zu sein}, subject = {Methylphenidat}, language = {en} }