@phdthesis{George2023,
  author    = {George, Enrico},
  title     = {Tempor{\"a}re Hemiepiphyseodese bei idiopathischen Beinachsenfehlstellungen - klinische und radiologische Gegen{\"u}berstellung der VaWiKo® EPI-PLATTE und PediatrOS™ FlexTack™ - eine retrospektive Studie},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-32733},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-327338},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Beinachsenfehlstellungen im Kindesalter z{\"a}hlen zu den h{\"a}ufigsten Wachstums- und Entwicklungsst{\"o}rungen der unteren Extremit{\"a}ten. Eine daraus resultierende Pr{\"a}disposition f{\"u}r degenerative Erkrankungen begr{\"u}ndet die Bedeutung der operativen Korrektur bei noch ge{\"o}ffneten Wachstumsfugen mittels tempor{\"a}rer Hemiepiphyseodese. Zur Beurteilung des Therapieerfolges wurden insgesamt 140 Beinachsen mit idiopathischen Achsfehlstellungen retrospektiv betrachtet. In den Jahren 2017 bis 2021 wurden mit der VaWiKo® EPI-PLATTE und der PediatrOS™ FlexTack™ zwei unterschiedliche Implantate zur tempor{\"a}ren Hemiepiphyseodese in der kinderorthop{\"a}dischen Klinik des Marienstift Arnstadt verwendet. Entsprechend der verwendeten Implantate erfolgte die Einteilung in zwei Patientengruppen, die sowohl klinisch als auch radiologisch jeweils pr{\"a}- und postoperativ gegen{\"u}bergestellt wurden. Bei Patienten/-innen mit einer Beinachsenkorrektur durch die VaWiKo® EPI-PLATTE ergab sich durchschnittlich eine signifikant k{\"u}rzere Explantationsdauer (EP 26,05 min; FT 35,60 min) sowie eine k{\"u}rzere Durchleuchtungszeit in Winkelminuten (EP 0,03; FT 0,07) im Rahmen der Explantation. Dem gegen{\"u}ber steht die signifikant k{\"u}rzere station{\"a}re Aufenthaltsdauer in Tagen bei der Im- und Explantation der PediatrOS™ FlexTack™. (EP 5,43/ 3,73; FT 4,52/ 3,35). In Bezug auf die zur Wachstumskorrektur ben{\"o}tigten Zeit in Tagen resultiert in der Varus-Gruppe ein signifikanter Unterschied zugunsten der PediatrOS™ FlexTack™, (EP 517; FT 299) wohingegen sich in der Valgus-Gruppe kein signifikanter Unterschied zwischen beiden Implantaten zeigte (EP 343; FT 334). Zusammenfassend traten zwei Komplikationen auf, die jeweils Kinder aus der PediatrOS™ FlexTack™-Gruppe betrafen. Sowohl die PediatrOS™ FlexTack™ als auch die VaWiKo® EPI-PLATTE konnten die gew{\"u}nschte Beinachsenkorrektur erzielen. Die in der Literatur mit der PediatrOS™ FlexTack™ in Verbindung gebrachten k{\"u}rzeren Implantations- und Durchleuchtungszeiten sowie die k{\"u}rzeren Therapiedauern des Genu valgum konnten im Vergleich zur VaWiKo® EPI-PLATTE nicht best{\"a}tigt werden.},
  subject      = {Epiphyseodese},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Reck2023,
  author    = {Reck, Alexander Reiner},
  title     = {Die operative Korrektur der Madelung'schen Deformit{\"a}t},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-32660},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-326604},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Im Rahmen dieser retrospektiven Studie zur Madelung-Deformit{\"a}t wurden 23 H{\"a}nde von 16 Patienten, welche in einem Zeitraum von 17,5 Jahren mit einer Radiuskorrekturosteotomie (RKO) oder eine Physiolyse mit Vickers-Band-Entfernung (PHY) behandelt wurden, nachuntersucht und bez{\"u}glich des OP-Outcomes verglichen. Die Gruppe RKO umfasste 14 H{\"a}nde mit einem Durchschnittsalter von 22 Jahren und einer durchschnittlichen Follow-Up-Zeitraum von 7 Jahren. Die Gruppe PHY bestand aus 9 H{\"a}nden mit einem Durchschnittsalter von 13 Jahren und einem mittleren Follow-Up-Zeitraum von 5 Jahren. In unserem Kollektiv konnte die Radiuskorrektur eine Verbesserung bez{\"u}glich der Schmerzen, des subjektiven Gesundheitsstatus, der Beweglichkeit und der radiologischen Auspr{\"a}gung der Deformit{\"a}t herbeif{\"u}hren. Die vorliegenden Ergebnisse st{\"u}tzen damit die aus der bisherigen Literatur ableitbare Vermutung, dass dieses Verfahren zur Therapie der Madelung-Deformit{\"a}t geeignet ist. Die Physiolyse mit Vickers-Band-Entfernung konnte die Progredienz der Erkrankung in unserer Stichprobe nicht suffizient aufhalten, wie es anhand der bisherigen Literatur allerdings zu erwarten gewesen w{\"a}re. Infolgedessen kam es in der Gruppe PHY zu einer Zunahme der Schmerzen und der Auspr{\"a}gung der Deformit{\"a}t sowie einer Verschlechterung des Gesundheitsstatus. Der Grund hierf{\"u}r lag wahrscheinlich im, verglichen mit der bisherigen Literatur, relativ hohen Durchschnittsalter der Gruppe. Es l{\"a}sst sich schlussfolgern, dass die Physiolyse mit Vickers-Band-Entfernung ihre Wirkung vor allem im Kindesalter voll entfaltet. Im Einklang mit der bisherigen Literatur konnte keine Korrelation zwischen den aktuellen radiologischen und klinischen Befunden beobachtet werden. Jedoch zeigte sich ein augenscheinlicher Zusammenhang zwischen der Ver{\"a}nderung der radiologischen Parameter und der Ver{\"a}nderung des klinischen Befindens, was einen Nutzen der McCarroll-Parameter im Rahmen der OP-Planung nahelegt.},
  subject      = {Handdeformit{\"a}t},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{PaulusverhRehling2023,
  author    = {Paulus [verh. Rehling], Sofia},
  title     = {CRISPR/Cas9-basierte Etablierung Alkalischer Phosphatase-defizienter odontogener Zelllinien zur Analyse der dentalen Aspekte der Hypophosphatasie},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-24349},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-243491},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Die Hypophosphatasie (HPP) ist eine seltene Erberkrankung, welche durch compound-heterozygote oder dominant negative heterozygote Mutationen des ALPL Gens zu einem Funktionsverlust der gewebeunspezifischen Alkalischen Phosphatase (TNAP) f{\"u}hrt. Die daraus resultierenden Mineralisierungsst{\"o}rungen betreffen sowohl den Knochen als auch in milderen Auspr{\"a}gungsformen die Z{\"a}hne und den Zahnhalteapparat. Das zahnmedizinische Leitsymptom und in vielen F{\"a}llen das erste Anzeichen der HPP ist dabei der vorzeitige Verlust der Milchz{\"a}hne ohne physiologische Wurzelresorption. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurden verschiedene TNAP defiziente immortalisierte Zellen des parodontalen Ligaments (PDL) mittels der CRISPR/Cas9 Methode generiert und anschließend f{\"u}nf Zelllinien charakterisiert. Die dabei entstandenen Mutationen variierten von einer moderaten heterozygoten Punktmutation zu einer schwerwiegenden homozygoten Deletion eines einzelnen Nukleotids, welche in einem vorzeitigen Stopcodon resultierte. Analysen der ALPL Expression (qPCR), TNAP Aktivit{\"a}tsmessungen (CSPD Assay) und TNAP F{\"a}rbungen zeigten einen signifikanten R{\"u}ckgang in allen TNAP-defizienten Zelllinien mit einer starken Korrelation zwischen der Restaktivit{\"a}t und dem Ausmaß der Mutation, welche in Einklang mit der komplexen Genotyp-Ph{\"a}notyp Korrelation bei HPP zu bringen ist. Das Potential der osteogenen Differenzierung der hTERT PDL Zellen wurde in der homozygot mutierten Zelllinie komplett unterdr{\"u}ckt. M{\"o}gliche Mechanismen des vorzeitigen Zahnverlustes bei HPP Patienten ist die geminderte Formation und Mineralisation des Wurzelzements und die fehlerhafte Insertion der parodontalen Fasern. Die hier erstmalig etablierten Zellkulturmodelle liefern ein valides spenderunabh{\"a}ngiges in vitro Modell der HPP, welches dazu beitragen kann, die molekularbiologischen Zusammenh{\"a}nge der dentalen Aspekte der Hypophosphatasie zu ergr{\"u}nden und daraus gegebenenfalls neue Therapieans{\"a}tze abzuleiten.},
  subject      = {Hypophosphatasie},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{ArmbrusterKriegWeissenbergeretal.2017,
  author    = {Armbruster, Nicole and Krieg, Jennifer and Weißenberger, Manuel and Scheller, Carsten and Steinert, Andre F.},
  title     = {Rescued Chondrogenesis of Mesenchymal Stem Cells under Interleukin 1 Challenge by Foamyviral Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Gene Transfer},
  series = {Frontiers in Pharmacology},
  volume    = {8},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Pharmacology},
  number    = {255},
  doi       = {10.3389/fphar.2017.00255},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-170919},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Background: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their chondrogenic differentiation have been extensively investigated in vitro as MSCs provide an attractive source besides chondrocytes for cartilage repair therapies. Here we established prototype foamyviral vectors (FVV) that are derived from apathogenic parent viruses and are characterized by a broad host range and a favorable integration pattern into the cellular genome. As the inflammatory cytokine interleukin 1 beta (IL1β) is frequently present in diseased joints, the protective effects of FVV expressing the human interleukin 1 receptor antagonist protein (IL1RA) were studied in an established in vitro model (aggregate culture system) of chondrogenesis in the presence of IL1β. Materials and Methods: We generated different recombinant FVVs encoding enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) or IL1RA and examined their transduction efficiencies and transgene expression profiles using different cell lines and human primary MSCs derived from bone marrow-aspirates. Transgene expression was evaluated by fluorescence microscopy (EGFP), flow cytometry (EGFP), and ELISA (IL1RA). For evaluation of the functionality of the IL1RA transgene to block the inhibitory effects of IL1β on chondrogenesis of primary MSCs and an immortalized MSC cell line (TERT4 cells), the cells were maintained following transduction as aggregate cultures in standard chondrogenic media in the presence or absence of IL1β. After 3 weeks of culture, pellets were harvested and analyzed by histology and immunohistochemistry for chondrogenic phenotypes. Results: The different FVV efficiently transduced cell lines as well as primary MSCs, thereby reaching high transgene expression levels in 6-well plates with levels of around 100 ng/ml IL1RA. MSC aggregate cultures which were maintained in chondrogenic media without IL1β supplementation revealed a chondrogenic phenotype by means of strong positive staining for collagen type II and matrix proteoglycan (Alcian blue). Addition of IL1β was inhibitory to chondrogenesis in untreated control pellets. In contrast, foamyviral mediated IL1RA expression rescued the chondrogenesis in pellets cultured in the presence of IL1β. Transduced MSC pellets reached thereby very high IL1RA transgene expression levels with a peak of 1087 ng/ml after day 7, followed by a decrease to 194 ng/ml after day 21, while IL1RA concentrations of controls were permanently below 200 pg/ml. Conclusion: Our results indicate that FVV are capable of efficient gene transfer to MSCs, while reaching IL1RA transgene expression levels, that were able to efficiently block the impacts of IL1β in vitro. FVV merit further investigation as a means to study the potential as a gene transfer tool for MSC based therapies for cartilage repair.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MuellerDeubertSeefriedKrugetal.2017,
  author    = {M{\"u}ller-Deubert, Sigrid and Seefried, Lothar and Krug, Melanie and Jakob, Franz and Ebert, Regina},
  title     = {Epidermal growth factor as a mechanosensitizer in human bone marrow stromal cells},
  series = {Stem Cell Research},
  volume    = {24},
  journal   = {Stem Cell Research},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.scr.2017.08.012},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-170247},
  pages     = {69-76},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Epidermal growth factors (EGFs) e.g. EGF, heparin-binding EGF and transforming growth factor alpha and their receptors e.g. EGFR and ErbB2 control proinflammatory signaling and modulate proliferation in bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC). Interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 are EGF targets and participate in the inflammatory phase of bone regeneration via non-canonical wnt signaling. BMSC differentiation is also influenced by mechanical strain-related activation of ERK1/2 and AP-1, but the role of EGFR signaling in mechanotransduction is unclear. We investigated the effects of EGFR signaling in telomerase-immortalized BMSC, transfected with a luciferase reporter, comprising a mechanoresponsive AP1 element, using ligands, neutralizing antibodies and EGFR inhibitors on mechanotransduction and we found that EGF via EGFR increased the response to mechanical strain. Results were confirmed by qPCR analysis of mechanoresponsive genes. EGF-responsive interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 were synergistically enhanced by EGF stimulation and mechanical strain. We show here in immortalized and primary BMSC that EGFR signaling enhances mechanotransduction, indicating that the EGF system is a mechanosensitizer in BMSC. Alterations in mechanosensitivity and -adaptation are contributors to age-related diseases like osteoporosis and the identification of a suitable mechanosensitizer could be beneficial. The role of the synergism of these signaling cascades in physiology and disease remains to be unraveled.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ReichertvonRottkayRothetal.2018,
  author    = {Reichert, Johannes C. and von Rottkay, Eberhard and Roth, Franz and Renz, Tim and Hausmann, Johannes and Kranz, Julius and Rackwitz, Lars and N{\"o}th, Ulrich and Rudert, Maximilian},
  title     = {A prospective randomized comparison of the minimally invasive direct anterior and the transgluteal approach for primary total hip arthroplasty},
  series = {BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders},
  volume    = {19},
  journal   = {BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders},
  number    = {241},
  doi       = {10.1186/s12891-018-2133-4},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-176072},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Background: The presented prospective randomized controlled single-centre study compares the clinical outcome up to 12 months after total hip arthroplasty using a minimally invasive single-incision direct anterior (DAA) and a direct transgluteal lateral approach. Methods: A total of 123 arthroplasties were evaluated utilizing the Harris Hip Score (HHS), the extra short musculoskeletal functional assessment questionnaire (XSFMA), the Short Form 36 (SF-36) health survey, a Stepwatch™ Activity Monitor (SAM), and a timed 25 m foot walk (T25-FW). Postoperative x-ray images after THA were reviewed to determine inclination and stem positioning. Results: At final follow-up, the XSFMA functional index scores were 10.3 (anterior) and 15.08 (lateral) while the bother index summed up to a score of 15.8 (anterior) and 21.66 (lateral) respectively, thus only differing significantly for the functional index (p = 0.040 and p = 0.056). The SF-36 physical component score (PCS) was 47.49 (anterior) and 42.91 (lateral) while the mental component score (MCS) summed up to 55.0 (anterior) and 56.23 (lateral) with a significant difference evident for the PCS (p = 0.017; p = 0.714). Patients undergoing THA through a DAA undertook a mean of 6402 cycles per day while those who had undergone THA through a transgluteal approach undertook a mean of 5340 cycles per day (p = 0.012). Furthermore, the obtained outcome for the T25-FW with 18.4 s (anterior) and 19.75 s (lateral) and the maximum walking distance (5932 m and 5125 m) differed significantly (p = 0.046 and p = 0.045). The average HHS showed no significant difference equaling 92.4 points in the anterior group and 91.43 in the lateral group (p = 0.477). The radiographic analysis revealed an average cup inclination of 38.6° (anterior) and 40.28° (lateral) without signs of migration. Conclusion: In summary, our outcomes show that after 1 year THA through the direct anterior approach results in a higher patient activity compared to THA utilizing a transgluteal lateral approach while no differences regarding hip function are evident.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BoelchRothArnholdtetal.2018,
  author    = {Boelch, Sebastian P. and Roth, Magnus and Arnholdt, Joerg and Rudert, Maximilian and Luedemann, Martin},
  title     = {Synovial fluid aspiration should not be routinely performed during the two-stage exchange of the knee},
  series = {BioMed Research International},
  volume    = {2018},
  journal   = {BioMed Research International},
  number    = {6720712},
  doi       = {10.1155/2018/6720712},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-176800},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Purpose. Detection of infection persistence during the two-stage exchange of the knee for periprosthetic joint infection is challenging. Synovial fluid culture (SFC) and synovial white blood cell count (SWBCC) before joint reimplantation are widespread diagnostic means for this indication. The sensitivity and specificity of SFC and of SWBCC for infection persistence before planned reimplantation were evaluated. Methods. 94 two-stage exchanges of the knee with synovial fluid aspiration performed after a drug holiday of at least 14 days and before reimplantation or spacer exchange (planned reimplantation) were retrospectively analyzed. Only cases with at least 3 intraoperative samples at planned reimplantation were included. SFC and SWBCC were compared to pathogen detection (SFC\(_{(culture)}\)/SWBCC\(_{(culture)}\) and to histopathological signs of infection persistence (SFC\(_{(histo)}\)/SWBCC\(_{(histo)}\) from intraoperative samples at planned reimplantation. For SFC, the sensitivity and specificity were calculated. For SWBCC, the optimal cut-off value with its sensitivity and specificity was calculated with the Youden-Index. Results. Sensitivity and specificity of SFC\(_{(culture)}\) were 0.0\% and 98.9\%. Sensitivity and specificity of SFC\(_{(histo)}\) were 3.4\% and 100\%. The optimal cut-off value for SWBCC\(_{(culture)}\) was 4450 cells/μl with a sensitivity of 50.0\% and a specificity of 86.5\%. The optimal cut-off value for SWBCC\(_{(histo)}\) was 3250 cells/μl with a sensitivity of 35.7\% and a specificity of 92.9\%. Conclusion. The detection of infection persistence remains challenging and a consented approach is lacking. The results do not warrant the routine performance of SFC during the two-stage exchange at the knee. SWBCC can be used to confirm infection persistence at high cut-offs, but they only occur in few patients and are therefore inappropriate for the routine use.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BoelchGurokGilbertetal.2021,
  author    = {Boelch, Sebastian P. and Gurok, Anna and Gilbert, Fabian and Weißenberger, Manuel and Rudert, Maximilian and Barthel, Thomas and Reppenhagen, Stephan},
  title     = {Why compromise the patella? Five-year follow-up results of medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction with soft tissue patellar fixation},
  series = {International Orthopaedics},
  volume    = {45},
  journal   = {International Orthopaedics},
  issn      = {0341-2695},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00264-020-04922-1},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-235751},
  pages     = {1493-1500},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Purpose This study investigates the redislocation rate and functional outcome at a minimum follow-up of five years after medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction with soft tissue patellar fixation for patella instability. Methods Patients were retrospectively identified and knees were evaluated for trochlea dysplasia according to Dejour, for presence of patella alta and for presence of cartilage lesion at surgery. At a minimum follow-up of five years, information about an incident of redislocation was obtained. Kujala, Lysholm, and Tegner questionnaires as well as range of motion were used to measure functional outcome. Results Eighty-nine knees were included. Follow-up rate for redislocation was 79.8\% and for functional outcome 58.4\%. After a mean follow-up of 5.8 years, the redislocation rate was 5.6\%. There was significant improvement of the Kujala score (68.8 to 88.2, p = 0.000) and of the Lysholm score (71.3 to 88.4, p = 0.000). Range of motion at follow-up was 149.0° (115-165). 77.5\% of the knees had patella alta and 52.9\% trochlear dysplasia types B, C, or D. Patellar cartilage legions were present in 54.2\%. Redislocations occurred in knees with trochlear dysplasia type C in combination with patella alta. Conclusion MPFL reconstruction with soft tissue patellar fixation leads to significant improvement of knee function and low midterm redislocation rate. Patients with high-grade trochlear dysplasia should be considered for additional osseous correction.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{GenestRakBaetzetal.2021,
  author    = {Genest, Franca and Rak, Dominik and B{\"a}tz, Elisa and Ott, Kerstin and Seefried, Lothar},
  title     = {Sarcopenia and Malnutrition Screening in Female Osteoporosis Patients — A Cross-Sectional Study},
  series = {Journal of Clinical Medicine},
  volume    = {10},
  journal   = {Journal of Clinical Medicine},
  number    = {11},
  issn      = {2077-0383},
  doi       = {10.3390/jcm10112344},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-239658},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Sarcopenia and malnutrition are important determinants of increased fracture risk in osteoporosis. SARC-F and MNA-SF are well-established questionnaires for identifying patients at risk for these conditions. We sought to evaluate the feasibility and potential added benefit of such assessments as well as the actual prevalence of these conditions in osteoporosis patients. We conducted a cross-sectional, single-center study in female osteoporosis patients ≥ 65 years (SaNSiBaR-study). Results of the sarcopenia (SARC-F) and malnutrition (MNA-SF) screening questionnaires were matched with a functional assessment for sarcopenia and data from patients' medical records. Out of 107 patients included in the analysis, a risk for sarcopenia (SARC-F ≥ 4 points) and a risk for malnutrition (MNA-SF ≤ 11 points) was found in 33 (30.8\%) and 38 (35.5\%) patients, respectively. Diagnostic overlap with coincident indicative findings in both questionnaires was observed in 17 patients (16\%). As compared to the respective not-at-risk groups, the mean short physical performance battery (SPPB) score was significantly reduced in both patients at risk for sarcopenia (7.0 vs. 10.9 points, p < 0.001) and patients at risk for malnutrition (8.7 vs. 10.5 points, p = 0.005). Still, confirmed sarcopenia according to EWGSOP2 criteria was present in only 6 (6\%) of all 107 patients, with only 3 of them having an indicative SARC-F score. Bone mineral density was not significantly different in any of the at-risk groups at any site. In summary, applying SARC-F and MNA-SF in osteoporosis patients appears to be a complementary approach to identify individuals with functional deficits.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{LiedertNemitzHaffnerLuntzeretal.2020,
  author    = {Liedert, Astrid and Nemitz, Claudia and Haffner-Luntzer, Melanie and Schick, Fabian and Jakob, Franz and Ignatius, Anita},
  title     = {Effects of estrogen receptor and Wnt signaling activation on mechanically induced bone formation in a mouse model of postmenopausal bone loss},
  series = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences},
  volume    = {21},
  journal   = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences},
  number    = {21},
  issn      = {1422-0067},
  doi       = {10.3390/ijms21218301},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-285487},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {In the adult skeleton, bone remodeling is required to replace damaged bone and functionally adapt bone mass and structure according to the mechanical requirements. It is regulated by multiple endocrine and paracrine factors, including hormones and growth factors, which interact in a coordinated manner. Because the response of bone to mechanical signals is dependent on functional estrogen receptor (ER) and Wnt/β-catenin signaling and is impaired in postmenopausal osteoporosis by estrogen deficiency, it is of paramount importance to elucidate the underlying mechanisms as a basis for the development of new strategies in the treatment of osteoporosis. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the activation of the ligand-dependent ER and the Wnt/β-catenin signal transduction pathways on mechanically induced bone formation using ovariectomized mice as a model of postmenopausal bone loss. We demonstrated that both pathways interact in the regulation of bone mass adaption in response to mechanical loading and that the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling considerably increased mechanically induced bone formation, whereas the effects of estrogen treatment strictly depended on the estrogen status in the mice.},
  language  = {en}
}