@article{ShaikhVargasMokhtarietal.2021,
  author    = {Shaikh, Haroon and Vargas, Juan Gamboa and Mokhtari, Zeinab and Jarick, Katja J. and Ulbrich, Maria and Mosca, Josefina Pe{\~n}a and Viera, Estibaliz Arellano and Graf, Caroline and Le, Duc-Dung and Heinze, Katrin G. and B{\"u}ttner-Herold, Maike and Rosenwald, Andreas and Pezoldt, Joern and Huehn, Jochen and Beilhack, Andreas},
  title     = {Mesenteric Lymph Node Transplantation in Mice to Study Immune Responses of the Gastrointestinal Tract},
  series = {Frontiers in Immunology},
  volume    = {12},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Immunology},
  issn      = {1664-3224},
  doi       = {10.3389/fimmu.2021.689896},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-244869},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Mesenteric lymph nodes (mLNs) are sentinel sites of enteral immunosurveillance and immune homeostasis. Immune cells from the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) are constantly recruited to the mLNs in steady-state and under inflammatory conditions resulting in the induction of tolerance and immune cells activation, respectively. Surgical dissection and transplantation of lymph nodes (LN) is a technique that has supported seminal work to study LN function and is useful to investigate resident stromal and endothelial cell biology and their cellular interactions in experimental disease models. Here, we provide a detailed protocol of syngeneic mLN transplantation and report assays to analyze effective mLN engraftment in congenic recipients. Transplanted mLNs allow to study T cell activation and proliferation in preclinical mouse models. Donor mLNs proved viable and functional after surgical transplantation and regenerated blood and lymphatic vessels. Immune cells from the host completely colonized the transplanted mLNs within 7-8 weeks after the surgical intervention. After allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT), adoptively transferred allogeneic CD4+ T cells from FVB/N (H-2q) mice homed to the transplanted mLNs in C57BL/6 (H-2b) recipients during the initiation phase of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGvHD). These CD4+ T cells retained full proliferative capacity and upregulated effector and gut homing molecules comparable to those in mLNs from unmanipulated wild-type recipients. Wild type mLNs transplanted into MHCII deficient syngeneic hosts sufficed to activate alloreactive T cells upon allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation, even in the absence of MHCII+ CD11c+ myeloid cells. These data support that orthotopically transplanted mLNs maintain physiological functions after transplantation. The technique of LN transplantation can be applied to study migratory and resident cell compartment interactions in mLNs as well as immune reactions from and to the gut under inflammatory and non-inflammatory conditions.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Demler2021,
  author    = {Demler, Theresa},
  title     = {Funktionelle Analyse von patientenspezifischen Mutationen in IKZF1/3 als m{\"o}gliche Resistenzmechanismen in der Therapie des refrakt{\"a}ren und rezidivierten multiplen Myeloms},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-24873},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-248730},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Trotz einer Vielzahl neuer Therapieans{\"a}tze in den letzten Jahren, die ein l{\"a}ngeres {\"U}berleben der Patienten erm{\"o}glichen, stellt das multiple Myelom weiterhin eine unheilbare Krankheit dar. Der Großteil der Patienten entwickelt letztlich ein rezidiviertes oder refrakt{\"a}res multiples Myelom (RRMM). Bei Erstdiagnose und bei RRMM sind immunmodulierende Medikamente (IMiDs), wie Lenalidomid, eine bedeutende Therapieoption. Durch die Bindung von Lenalidomid an den CRL4CRBN Ligase Komplex entwickelt dieser eine modifizierte Substratspezifit{\"a}t: die Transkriptionsfaktoren IKZF1 (Ikaros) und IKZF3 (Aiolos) werden ubiquitinyliert und proteasomal abgebaut. Von Kr{\"o}nke et al. (2014) wurde eine 30 Aminos{\"a}uren lange Sequenz (Degron) am N-Terminus von IKZF1/3 definiert, die essenziell f{\"u}r die Lenalidomid-Sensitivit{\"a}t ist. Durch Next Generation Sequencing (NGS)-Technologien wurde ein signifikanter Anstieg der Mutationsfrequenz unter Therapie verzeichnet und vier Missense-Mutationen in IKZF1 und eine in IKZF3 bei Patienten mit RRMM identifiziert. Die Mutationen IKZF1-A152T und IKZF3-G159R sind innerhalb der Degron-Sequenz lokalisiert, IKZF1-E170D liegt unmittelbar daneben und IKZF1-Y413C bzw. IKZF1-R439H befinden sich am C-Terminus des Proteins. F{\"u}r diese mutierten IKZF-Proteine wurden im Rahmen dieser Arbeit Expressionsvektoren kloniert und stabil in humane Myelomzelllinien transfiziert. Durch Western Analysen und funktionelle Assays der Zellviabilit{\"a}t (alamarBlue) bzw. des Zelltods (Annexin V-PI) wurden diese polyklonalen Sublinien bez{\"u}glich ihrer Implikationen f{\"u}r die Lenalidomid-Sensibilit{\"a}t untersucht. Nur die IKZF1-Mutationen A152T und E170D f{\"u}hrten zu einer verminderten, bei A152T geradezu aufgehobenen, Degradierung von Ikaros nach Lenalidomid-Behandlung. In den funktionellen Analysen f{\"u}hrte A152T ebenfalls zu stark verminderter Lenalidomid-Aktivit{\"a}t und zu deutlich h{\"o}herem {\"U}berleben. Obwohl Sleeping Beauty Vektoren mit unterschiedlichen Expressionskassetten f{\"u}r Aiolos eingesetzt wurden, war keine eindeutige {\"U}berexpression von IKZF3 feststellbar, daher sind diese Ergebnisse nur eingeschr{\"a}nkt zu verwerten. Zusammenfassend l{\"a}sst sich sagen, dass in vivo bei Patienten aufgetretene und in vitro analysierte Mutationen, gezeigt an der in der Degron-Sequenz lokalisierten Mutation IKZF1-A152T, im Zellmodell eine Resistenz vermitteln und damit Einfluss auf m{\"o}gliche Therapieresistenzen haben k{\"o}nnen.},
  subject      = {Plasmozytom},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Weiss2021,
  author    = {Weiß, Esther},
  title     = {Host-pathogen interactions of natural killer cells and Aspergillus fumigatus: Relevance of immune cell cross-talk and fungal recognition receptors},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-20607},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-206077},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {The human pathogen Aspergillus (A.) fumigatus is a fungal mold that can cause severe infections in immunocompromised hosts. Pathogen recognition and immune cell cross-talk are essential for clearing fungal infections efficiently. Immune cell interactions in particular may enhance individual cell activation and cytotoxicity towards invading pathogens. This study analyzed the reciprocal cell activation of natural killer (NK) cells and monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs) after stimulation with A. fumigatus cell wall fractions and whole-cell lysates. Furthermore, the impact of the on moDCs expressed fungal receptors Dectin-1 and TLR-2 on NK cell activation was analyzed. Stimulation of moDCs with ligands for Dectin-1 and TLR-2 and transfer of soluble factors on autologous NK cells showed that moDCs could induce NK cell activation solely by secreting factors. In summary, both cell types could induce reciprocal cell activation if the stimulated cell type recognized fungal morphologies and ligands. However, moDCs displayed a broader set of A. fumigatus receptors and, therefore, could induce NK cell activation when those were not activated by the stimulus directly. Consequently, new fungal receptors should be identified on NK cells. The NK cell characterization marker CD56 was reduced detected in flow cytometry after fungal co-culture. Notably, this decreased detection was not associated with NK cell apoptosis, protein degradation, internalization, or secretion of CD56 molecules. CD56 was shown to tightly attach to hyphal structures, followed by its concentration at the NK-A. fumigatus interaction site. Actin polymerization was necessary for CD56 relocalization, as pre-treatment of NK cells with actin-inhibitory reagents abolished CD56 binding to the fungus. Blocking of CD56 suppressed fungal mediated NK cell activation and secretion of the immune-recruiting chemokines MIP-1α, MIP-1β, and RANTES, concluding that CD56 is functionally involved in fungal recognition by NK cells. CD56 binding to fungal hyphae was inhibited in NK cells obtained from patients during immune-suppressing therapy after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT). Additionally, reduced binding of CD56 correlated with decreased actin polymerization of reconstituting NK cells challenged with the fungus. The immune-suppressing therapy with corticosteroids negatively influenced the secretion of MIP-1α, MIP-1β, and RANTES in NK cells after fungal stimulation ex vivo. Similar results were obtained when NK cells from healthy donors were treated with corticosteroids prior to fungal co-culture. Thus, corticosteroids were identified to have detrimental effects on NK cell function during infection with A. fumigatus.},
  subject      = {Nat{\"u}rliche Killerzelle},
  language  = {en}
}