@misc{Altenburger2015, author = {Altenburger, Roland}, title = {Cao, Juan: In der Sackgasse oder auf dem Weg zu einem neuen Paradigma? Die Erforschung des Romans Der Traum der roten Kammer (Rotologie) im 21. Jahrhundert (Lun Wen: Studien zur Geistesgeschichte und Literatur in China; 17). Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2013. XII, 256 S. ISBN 978-3-447-06992-2}, series = {Asiatische Studien - {\´E}tudes Asiatiques}, volume = {69}, journal = {Asiatische Studien - {\´E}tudes Asiatiques}, number = {1}, issn = {0004-4717}, doi = {10.1515/asia-2015-0013}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-193941}, pages = {255-261}, year = {2015}, abstract = {No abstract available.}, language = {de} } @techreport{FischerHrsg2017, author = {Fischer (Hrsg.), Doris}, title = {Tourism in W{\"u}rzburg: Suggestions on how to enhance the travel experience for Chinese tourists}, edition = {1. Auflage}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-143898}, pages = {64}, year = {2017}, abstract = {This report provides suggestions on how to enhance the travel experience for Chinese tourists in the German city of W{\"u}rzburg. Based on a user experience survey and a market research, this work includes a quantitative and competitive analysis. It further provides concrete and hands-on measurements for the city council to improve the experience of Chinese visitors coming to W{\"u}rzburg.}, subject = {China}, language = {en} } @techreport{PfeilschifterLauthFischeretal.2020, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Pfeilschifter, Rene and Lauth, Hans-Joachim and Fischer, Doris and Rothfuß, Eberhard and Schachner, Andreas and Schmitz, Barbara and Werthmann, Katja}, title = {Local Self-Governance in the Context of Weak Statehood in Antiquity and the Modern Era. A Program for a Fresh Perspective}, edition = {English Edition}, issn = {2698-2684}, doi = {10.25972/OPUS-20737}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-207371}, pages = {34}, year = {2020}, abstract = {The nucleus of statehood is situated at the local level: in the village, the neighborhood, the city district. This is where a community, beyond the level of the family, first develops collective rules that are intended to ensure its continued existence. But usually this is not the only level of governance at play. Above it, there are supralocal formations of power, varying in scope from regional networks to empires, which supplement the local orders or compete with them. The premise of this Research Unit is that local forms of self-governance are especially heterogeneous and prominent, wherever supralocal statehood exists in the mode of weak permeation. The central question of our approach is how local forms of self-governance work in this context. We will examine the relations to the state level as well as to other local groups as they develop over time; the scope and spatial contingency of forms of self-governance; their legitimization and the interdependency with the organization and collective identity of those groups which carry them out; finally, we will turn our attention to the significance of self-governance for the configuration of weak statehood. The empirical focus will be at the local level, which has so far been largely neglected in the research on governance beyond the state. In order to achieve this, we will work with case studies that are structured by categories and situated in geographical areas and time periods that lie outside of modern Europe with its particular development of statehood since the Late Middle Ages: in Antiquity, and in the Global South of the present. By incorporating these different time frames, we hope to contribute to overcoming the dichotomy between the modern and pre-modern era, which is often given canonical status. Our goal is to create a comparative analysis of different configurations of order as well as the development of a typology of patterns of local governance. The structure of the empirical comparison itself promises methodological insights, since it will entail recognizing, dealing with, and overcoming disciplinary limitations. Starting with the identification of typical patterns and processes, we hope to gain a better grasp of the mechanisms by which local configurations of order succeed, while at the same time advancing the theoretical debate. This will allow us to make an interdisciplinary contribution to the understanding of fundamental elements of statehood and local governance that are of central importance, especially in the context of weak statehood. The insights we hope to gain by adopting this historical perspective will contribute to understanding a present that is not based exclusively on its own, seemingly completely new preconditions, and will thus significantly sharpen the political analysis of various forms of governance.}, subject = {Begrenzte Staatlichkeit}, language = {en} } @unpublished{WeithmannKlug2013, author = {Weithmann, Sabrina and Klug, Stefan}, title = {Integrative Sustainable Concepts for Individual Mobility in Asia - A Qualitative Analysis of Carsharing and Taxi Services in Singapore}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-145982}, year = {2013}, abstract = {Singapore has a unique and proactive approach towards managing the national transport system. This article explores the integrative approach of carsharing into the overall transport system from an individual sustainable mobility perspective. The authors argue that for Singapore, taxi services are the strongest competitor for the establishment of free-floating carsharing systems. Low taxi fares and a high distribution rate provide easy access for consumers and show great advantages in correspondence with the prevalent transport measures. Furthermore, the Singaporean government considers taxi services as part of public transport that helps bridging public transportation gaps in door-to-door travel. The article draws on literature review and expert interviews to evaluate the current market conditions and analyse the pros and cons of carsharing systems and taxi services as integrated part of the public transport system. The authors conclude by stating that from a sustainable perspective, the goal is to replace private car ownership. Provision of multi modal choices and therefore co-existence of different individual transport opportunities is indispensable.}, language = {en} } @misc{Ives2016, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Ives, Jaqueline May}, title = {The relevance of tax havens for China}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-145794}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2016}, abstract = {This paper examines the relevance of tax havens for China by determining which tax havens are important for China and to what extent. Furthermore, the motives for Chinese tax haven activity are analysed and compared to the motives of Western companies that primarily use tax havens for the purpose of tax arbitrage. An analysis of two listed Chinese companies, a private and a state-owned entity (SOE), exemplifies how Chinese businesses incorporate tax havens into their business structure and discusses differences between the motives of private and state-owned companies. The magnitude of tax havens found in the business structures emphasise the importance of tax havens for Chinese companies, irrespective of whether the company is an SOE or private, or conducts its business in China or internationally. While the reasons why the state-influenced company incorporated tax havens into their structure seemed to be related to legitimate business motives, the motives behind the structure of the private company seemed questionable. The assessment furthermore confirms that China's weak institutional framework and restricting business environment is a major push factor and gives companies plenty of incentive to go offshore.}, subject = {Steueroase}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Brzoska2020, author = {Brzoska, Jan}, title = {Market forecasting in China: An Artificial Neural Network approach to optimize the accuracy of sales forecasts in the Chinese automotive market}, doi = {10.25972/OPUS-20315}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-203155}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Sales forecasts are an essential determinant of operational planning in entrepreneurial organizations. However, in China, as in other emerging markets, monthly sales forecasts are particularly challenging for multinational automotive enterprises and suppliers. A chief reason for this is that conventional approaches to sales forecasting often fail to capture the underlying market dynamics. To that end, this dissertation investigates the application of Artificial Neural Networks with an implemented backpropagation algorithm as a more "unconventional" sales forecasting method. A key element of statistical modelling is the selection of superior leading indicators. These indicators were collected as part of the researcher's expert interviews with multinational enterprises and state associations in China. The economic plausibility of all specified indicators is critically explored in qualitative-quantitative pre-selection procedures. The overall objective of the present study was to improve the accuracy of monthly sales forecasts in the Chinese automotive market. This objective was achieved by showing that the forecasting error could be lowered to a new benchmark of less than 10\% in an out-of-sample forecasting application.}, subject = {China}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{Kuhn2014, author = {Kuhn, Dieter}, title = {Emperor Huizong's (r. 1100-1126): Short-lived Earthly Paradise}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-106115}, pages = {22}, year = {2014}, abstract = {Zhao Ji (1082-1135), better known as Emperor Huizong (r. 1100-1126) of the Southern Song Dynasty (960-1127) gained a reputation as supreme perfectionist as artist, art collector and connoisseur, a ruler devoted to the faith of Daoism, squandering a fortune on building palaces and halls and on landscape gardening. A famous example of his costly 'folie de grandeur' is the Sacred Northeast Mountain Peak Genyue, a gigantic rock garden in the northeast part of the Old City of the capital Kaifeng. The garden is described in sources such as the Huayanggong jishi (Description of the Florescent Solitary Palace) by the Buddhist monk Zu Xiu from 1127 and Zhang Hao's (ca. 1180-1250) Genyue ji (Record of the Northeast Marchmount). The project in search of auspicious blessing started in 1118, having originated in the emperor's conviction that the Daoist Immortals would descend to this exquisite paradise situated in the centre of the world, his capital. In his conviction the landscape garden that exceeded nature's beauty would prolong and glorify his rule for ten thousand years. The Genyue was completed in January 1123, and thus became part of Emperor Huizong's Divine Empyrean Daoist ideology of statecraft. Contrary to all auspicious symbolism, the Song's emblematic demonstrations of power, and the necessity to meet political expectations, Emperor Huizong proved incapable of finding a solution to the disastrous situation at the northern frontier with Jin troupes moving onto his capital. Completed in 1123 the Genyue Marchmount was destroyed in the cold winter of 1126/1127 by the inhabitants of Kaifeng in their desperate struggle for survival in their besieged town.}, subject = {China}, language = {en} } @article{Fischer2014, author = {Fischer, Doris}, title = {The Impact of Changing Incentives in China on International Cooperation in Social Science Research on China}, series = {Journal of Current Chinese Affairs}, volume = {2}, journal = {Journal of Current Chinese Affairs}, number = {2}, issn = {1868-4874}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-120524}, pages = {33-46}, year = {2014}, abstract = {Over the past three decades, China's fast economic development has induced considerable changes in China's university and research institution landscape, research financing and academic career incentives. This paper argues that these changes have affected the motivation and the ways in which Chinese scholars engage in international research cooperation. Most recently it has been observed that strong pressures on scholars and scientists - especially at leading academic institutions - to excel in international publications while simultaneously fulfilling their obligation to generate income for their institutions can lead to a dilemma with regard to international research cooperation: Those institutions and scholars most interesting for foreign scholars to cooperate with may be the ones with the least amount of both incentive and time to enter into serious cooperation. This article invites us to reflect on the implications of these changes in the incentive structure for cooperation in social science research on China.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Dettmer2017, author = {Dettmer, Isabel}, title = {HRM, Qualifizierung und Rekrutierung in China - das Mismatch-Problem dargestellt am Beispiel der Hotellerie}, publisher = {W{\"u}rzburg University Press}, address = {W{\"u}rzburg}, isbn = {978-3-95826-046-7 (print)}, doi = {10.25972/WUP-978-3-95826-047-4}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-138955}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, pages = {300}, year = {2017}, abstract = {"China im Wandel" ist das Schlagwort, wenn es um das "Reich der Mitte" geht. Prim{\"a}r war damit das rapide wirtschaftliche Wachstum {\"u}ber die letzten Jahrzehnte gemeint, aber auch zunehmend die Ver{\"a}nderungen in politischen und sozialen Bereichen. Der {\"o}konomische Transformationsprozess hat auch einen anhaltenden institutionellen Wandel in Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft hervorgerufen. F{\"u}r diese wirtschaftliche Transformation werden in China vor allem mehr qualifizierte Fachkr{\"a}fte ben{\"o}tigt, nach denen die ausl{\"a}ndischen wie inl{\"a}ndischen Unternehmen auf dem chinesischen Arbeitsmarkt oft vergeblich suchen. Rekrutierung und Mitarbeiterbindung sowie die steigenden Lohnkosten stellen seit Jahren die gr{\"o}ßten Herausforderungen auf dem chinesischen Arbeitsmarkt dar. Das Mismatch-Problem ist augenscheinlich. Um die Gr{\"u}nde f{\"u}r diese Verzerrungen zu eruieren, setzt die vorliegende Studie dort an, wo Bildungsmarkt und Arbeitsmarkt aufeinandertreffen, und zwar dem Human Resource Management (HRM) von Unternehmen in China. Ziel dieser Studie ist es, einen Beitrag zur Diskussion {\"u}ber das Voranschreiten meritokratischer Verteilungsprozesse im {\"U}bergang von einer Plan- zur Marktwirtschaft in China zu leisten. Die Neue Institutionen{\"o}konomik (NI{\"O}) liefert mit der Signal- und Screeningtheorie (SST) Erkl{\"a}rungsans{\"a}tze f{\"u}r solche personal{\"o}konomischen Probleme zwischen AG und AN. Mit Hilfe dieses auf China angewandten Ansatzes konnten die relevanten "Signale" beider Parteien im Rekrutierungsprozess sowie die Problemfelder Chinas Hotellerie identifiziert und analysiert werden. Somit richtet sich diese Studie nicht nur an Sinologen, sondern ebenso an Wirtschaftswissenschaftler und Praktiker mit Chinabezug.}, subject = {HRM}, language = {de} } @masterthesis{Hainzinger2008, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Hainzinger, Manuel}, title = {Hopfen in der Volksrepublik China - Struktur, Probleme und Entwicklungsstrategien der chinesischen Hopfenindustrie}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-36088}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2008}, abstract = {In den letzten Jahren brachte die Berichterstattung deutscher Medien die Verknappung der Rohstoffe auf den Weltm{\"a}rkten zunehmend mit der Wirtschaftsmacht China in Zusammenhang. Schlagzeilen wie „China kauft den Stahlmarkt leer" und „China kauft Rohstoffm{\"a}rkte leer" sind Aufmacher f{\"u}r Meldungen die das „Reich der Mitte" als Hauptschuldigen dieser Tendenz ausmachen wollen und so auch den {\"o}ffentlichen Diskurs {\"u}ber die Volksrepublik China (VRC) pr{\"a}gen. Das Land erfuhr allgemeinhin seine Taufe als „hungriger Drache", laut Medienberichten beeinflusst seine Nachfrage sogar Lebensmittelpreise in Deutschland: So ist China f{\"u}r die Preissteigerung bei Milchprodukten , ja sogar f{\"u}r die Verteuerung „des Deutschen liebsten Getr{\"a}nks", des Biers, verantwortlich: „Die Chinesen machen das Bier teurer" Die Teuerung des Biers entsteht jedoch haupts{\"a}chlich durch die h{\"o}heren Produktionskosten der Brauindustrie, die wiederum durch die steigenden Energiekosten und die ebenfalls immer teurer werdenden Rohmaterialien verursacht werden. Hier ist es vorrangig der Hopfen der negativ zu Buche schl{\"a}gt, durch Produktionsengp{\"a}sse wurden in den Jahren 2005 und 2006 enorme Preiserh{\"o}hungen von bis zu 400\% verzeichnet. Dies ist eine Folge der Entwicklung des weltweiten Bierkonsums. Der Hopfen wird fast ausschließlich f{\"u}r die Bierherstellung produziert, so dass die Bierindustrie als Triebfeder f{\"u}r die Nachfrage dieses Agrarprodukts eine entscheidende Rolle einnimmt. Betrachtet man nun die Bierproduktion in der VRC, wird klar, dass 2007 die erneut betr{\"a}chtliche Steigerungsrate der Produktion in der Volksrepublik fast die H{\"a}lfte (46\%) des weltweiten Jahreszuwachses von 91 Mio. Hektolitern ausmacht. Dies setzt ebenfalls eine enorme Zunahme des Bierkonsums voraus. Daraus ergibt sich die Frage, wie und woher die chinesische Brauindustrie ihren den Bedarf an Hopfen deckt bzw. ob es in China selbst eine nationale Hopfenindustrie gibt. Und wenn ja: Verf{\"u}gt der „hungrige Drache" - im Ranking der hopfenproduzierenden L{\"a}nder, nach Deutschland und den USA, sowohl quantitativ als auch fl{\"a}chenm{\"a}ßig an dritter Position - {\"u}ber die Kapazit{\"a}ten dieser Marktsituation und dem damit verbundenen Wachstumspotential gerecht werden? Aus dieser Fragestellung leitet sich das Ziel dieser Arbeit ab, ein pr{\"a}ziseres Bild der chinesischen Hopfenindustrie zu liefern. Wie ist deren momentane Lage, {\"u}ber die absoluten Zahlen der Statistiken hinaus betrachtet? Grundlage dieser Arbeit ist die {\"U}bersetzung eines Artikels von Luo Xinchao aus dem Jahr 2004, dessen Hauptaugenmerk auf der Darstellung der Probleme dieses chinesischen Wirtschaftszweigs, der in der westlichen Wahrnehmung nur marginal auftritt, und m{\"o}glicher Entwicklungsstrategien liegt. Um jedoch die Schwierigkeiten bei der Produktion des Nischenprodukts Hopfen erfassen zu k{\"o}nnen, wird zun{\"a}chst eine allgemeine Einf{\"u}hrung gegeben, die sich mit den Charakteristika der Wirtschaftspflanze selbst, deren Anbau und den Anforderungen der Brauindustrie an den produzierten Hopfen besch{\"a}ftigt. Zusammen mit der Darstellung der historischen Entwicklung des Kulturhopfens in der VRC und den grundlegenden strukturellen Gegebenheiten der Erzeuger des Rohstoffs wird eine Basis zur kritischen Betrachtung erm{\"o}glicht. Die Gr{\"u}nde f{\"u}r die Probleme dieser Branche werden im weiteren Verlauf offenkundig, und werden einer Liste von potentiellen Entwicklungsstrategien gegen{\"u}ber gestellt. Diese werden anhand der vorliegenden Informationen beurteilt, um so aktuelle Tendenzen aufzeigen zu k{\"o}nnen. Anschließend komplettiert ein Ausblick auf die Perspektiven der chinesischen Hopfenindustrie die {\"U}bersicht {\"u}ber den „Hopfen in der VRC". Als limitierender Faktor im Rahmen dieser Arbeit stellt sich die problematische Quellenlage dar. Denn Ver{\"o}ffentlichungen zum Thema in westlichen Sprachen sind erstens nicht zahlreich, zweitens nicht aktuell (80er und 90er Jahren) und drittens oft nicht detailliert genug. Um diesem Mangel an verwertbarem Material zu begegnen wurde versucht, {\"u}ber die Recherche von Adressen Kontakte zu kn{\"u}pfen, um brauchbares Material „aus erster Hand" zu erhalten. So wurden Regierungsstellen in der VRC, verschiedene Institutionen und Hopfenhandelsfirmen angeschrieben, wobei sich die sich chinesischen Kontaktadressen zu fast hundert Prozent als falsch oder als Sackgasse erwiesen. Also orientiert sich diese Arbeit methodisch haupts{\"a}chlich an Auswertungen chinesischer Artikel aus entsprechenden Fachzeitschriften, Korrespondenz zu in China operierenden Handelsfirmen und Internetquellen.}, subject = {Hopfen}, language = {de} } @article{Lin2011, author = {Lin, Hang}, title = {A Mixed Bag of Results: Village Elections in Contemporary China}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-68684}, year = {2011}, abstract = {While there is only little transformation to the absolute power of the party-state to be detected, some grassroots democratic experiments, however, are receiving enormous attention of the world, especially village elections. Nevertheless, this preliminary exercise of democracy is widely characterized as a mixed bag of results. Since its first conduction, it has experienced immense development and bought great impact not only on different rural political institutions, but also on common mass villagers, as well as changes to the local governance. But at the same time, the limitations of the factual effectiveness of these elections can hardly be underestimated and such aspects as the standardization of electoral procedures are still to be further improved. Moreover, given the wide variations across Chinese countryside and the strong oppositions from all levels, the future of China's village elections remain hard to gauge.}, subject = {China}, language = {en} } @masterthesis{Heiser2011, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Heiser, Johanna}, title = {Chinesisch-europ{\"a}ische Joint-Venture Unternehmen - ein Auslaufmodell : Analyse der Gr{\"u}nde anhand ausgew{\"a}hlter Fallbeispiele}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-83691}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2011}, abstract = {Die Arbeit untersucht zwei besonders drastische Fallbeispiele gescheiterter europ{\"a}isch-chinesischer Equity Joint-Venture. Das des deutschen Mittelstandsunternehmens Vietz, welches im Pipelinebau aktiv ist, sowie ein Joint-Venture des franz{\"o}sischen Großkonzerns Danone mit der Wahaha Group. Besonderer Fokus liegt auf den Aspekten der Rechtsstaatlichkeit sowie Durchsetzung von Recht in China, das Management eines solchen transnationalen Unternehmens, die Bedeutung von Technologietransfer, sowie kulturelle Differenzen als Ausl{\"o}ser f{\"u}r Missverst{\"a}ndnisse und Konflikte. Abschließend wurden anhand einer vergleichenden Gegen{\"u}berstellung der beiden F{\"a}lle charakteristische Probleme eines Joint-Ventures herausgearbeitet.}, subject = {Gemeinschaftsunternehmen}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Barth2007, author = {Barth, Norbert Victor}, title = {India Book House und die Comic-Serie Amar Chitra Katha (1970-2002), Eine kulturwissenschaftliche Medienanalyse}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-27899}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2007}, abstract = {Die Dissertation India Book House und die Comic-Serie Amar Chitra Katha (1970-2002) ist eine interdisziplin{\"a}r angelegte Studie. Sie vermittelt Erkenntnisse {\"u}ber einen vernachl{\"a}ssigten Bereich der Mediengeschichte Indiens. Im ersten Teil wird das Modell "Kreislauf der Kultur" auf das Medienprodukt Amar Chitra Katha angewandt. Dabei werden f{\"u}nf Prozesse ber{\"u}cksichtigt: Repr{\"a}sentation, Produktion, Identit{\"a}t, Konsum und Regulierung. Im zweiten Teil werden ausgew{\"a}hlte ACK-Ausgaben aus den Kategorien Mythologie und Geschichte formal-inhaltlich analysiert und verglichen. Die jeweiligen Unterschiede in der Bearbeitungsform der ACK-Ausgaben werden auf die Erkenntnisse des ersten Teils bezogen. Dadurch konnten die arbeitsbedingten und verlagspolitischen Motive der Transformationen der ACK-Serie belegt werden.}, subject = {Indien}, language = {de} } @misc{Habich2008, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Habich, Sabrina}, title = {Corporate Social Responsibility in der chinesischen Textilindustrie}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-34463}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2008}, abstract = {Das Konzept der Gesellschaftlichen Verantwortung von Unternehmen (Corporate Social Responsibility, CSR) hat in den vergangenen Jahren in China zusehends an Bedeutung gewonnen. In den 1990er-Jahren durch westliche Unternehmen und internationale Organisationen ins Land eingef{\"u}hrt, wurde das Konzept zun{\"a}chst als Hemmnis der nationalen Wirtschaft angesehen. Erst in j{\"u}ngster Vergangenheit hat die chinesische Regierung begonnen, CSR zur Verfolgung innen- sowie außenpolitischer Ziele zu nutzen. Als eine der bedeutendsten Industrien Chinas wird dies insbesondere anhand der Einf{\"u}hrung des Konzepts in die Textil- und Bekleidungsindustrie deutlich. Damit sollen nicht nur die mehrheitlich kleinen und mittleren Unternehmen wettbewerbsf{\"a}higer gemacht, sondern ebenfalls die Bem{\"u}hungen der Regierung um eine st{\"a}rkere Regulierung der Arbeitsbeziehungen erg{\"a}nzt werden. Nach einer kurzen Darstellung der allgemeinen CSR-Situation in China geht der Beitrag insbesondere auf die Entwicklung des Konzepts innerhalb der chinesischen Textilindustrie sowie auf den im Jahr 2005 eingef{\"u}hrten ersten chinesischen CSR-Standard CSC9000T ein. Es soll aufgezeigt werden, wie Regierung, NGOs und Unternehmen gemeinsam daran arbeiten, die Situation der Textilfabriken und ihrer Mitarbeiter zu verbessern. Im Rahmen einer Fallstudie wird ein Projekt vorgestellt, das einen Ansatz daf{\"u}r liefert, wie die schwierige Lage kleiner und mittlerer Unternehmen in der Industrie gel{\"o}st werden kann. Unter Ber{\"u}cksichtigung von Expertenmeinungen sowie aufgrund gesammelter Informationen w{\"a}hrend der Teilnahme an einer Schulung des Projektes in einem Unternehmen werden schließlich St{\"a}rken und Schw{\"a}chen dieses Ansatzes diskutiert und auf zuk{\"u}nftige Entwicklungen von CSR in der chinesischen Textilindustrie geschlossen. Das Projekt leistet zwar einen Beitrag zur Verbesserung der Arbeitsbedingungen und Managementf{\"a}higkeiten der beteiligten Unternehmen, stellt aber lediglich einen kleinen Schritt in Richtung einer ganzheitlichen Integration verantwortlicher Unternehmensf{\"u}hrung in der Industrie dar.}, subject = {China}, language = {de} } @masterthesis{Rieger2008, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Rieger, Vanessa}, title = {The Challenge of Managerial Staff Shortage on the Chinese Labor Market - The Development of HRM in China}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-34437}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2008}, abstract = {One of the major challenges today is the global shortage of managerial staff. Globalization and opening up of new markets lead to a steadily rising demand, but the supply of Western talent is decreasing. Now enterprises tend to seek skilled personnel in rapidly developing economies such as China. China as a fast growing economy is usually assumed to have a vast number of low-cost workers and a bountiful supply of talent. This perception is likely to turn out to be a miscalculation endangering efficiency, growth or even the existence of enterprises that are willing to enter the Chinese market. However, not only foreign enterprises located in China suffer from talent shortage. State enterprises are also affected by competition for managerial staff. The remains of the socialist era are not yet completely overcome, especially with respect to human resource management (HRM renli ziyuan guanli). Combined with the demographic shift towards an ageing society caused by the Cultural Revolution, the One-Child Policy and a higher life expectancy, the upcoming shortage could impede economic growth. It is the cause of an increase in wages and competition, as well as rapidly changing enterprise and HRM strategies. This thesis basically concentrates on the development of the HRM sector with regard to recruitment, retention, motivation and performance appraisal of managerial staff. The current situation of staff shortage also requires a closer look on the recruitment strategies for the future generation of leaders, which are today's young graduates. The thesis will not deal with the shortage of chief executive officers (CEO) as their turnover is closely related to shareholders and enterprise performance. Explaining this aspect would go beyond the scope of this thesis. Consequently, this thesis focuses on the central aspects of HRM under three main angles. First, HRM practice in China originated in the Mao era and in the shift from state control to reform and market liberalization. The Party planned every aspect of HRM and created a soft budget constraint. These factors prevented the development of efficient and profitable HRM strategies. Market liberalization and the state's retreat from labor market control led to the initiation of competition. In order to adapt to these changing conditions, enterprises had to rationalize production, financing and human resources. The responsibility was gradually handed over to the enterprises, which now have to cope with market mechanisms and emerging challenges. Then, the current challenge to HRM is subject to the second part of this thesis. Managerial staff shortage is influenced by policies adopted a long time ago, but also by long distances immobility of staff. This narrows down the number of suitable personnel despite the national supply and leads to a high competition between enterprises. Competition related problems are increasing wages, which trigger a high turnover rate. Companies in China need to find a solution to all these problems as to not endanger their economic achievements. Finally, the third part analyzes the development and new approaches of the HRM sector towards recruitment, retention, motivation and assessment. The future developments are uncertain and depend on the pace of adaptation to new challenges. In spite of that, the fourth part not only summarizes the main aspects of this thesis, but also tries to give an outlook. Concerning actuality and reliability of sources it has to be stressed, that the Chinese labor market has not been subject to studies on HRM for many years. Therefore, most of the references used in this thesis are newspaper articles and internet sources. They are most suitable to represent the current conditions on the labor market. In this respect the Hudson Reports and the study by Diana Farrell were important, as they are reliable sources for numerical data. The interview with Madelaine Pfau was essential for this thesis, since her experiences with the Chinese market offered insight into the subject. Several of her ideas and opinions were the basis for further research, such as the suggestion to take a look at the HRM of Haier. The minutes of this interview are attached to my thesis. The Chinese sources consist of two research studies, an internet newspaper article and a publication from BriTay. One of the research studies deals with the adaptation of the Behavioral Event Interview to the Chinese HRM. The other gives an introduction to the HRM strategies of Haier. The newspaper article covers the use of competency models in China and tries to give further suggestions to the topic in form of an interview. The last suitable Chinese source is also an internet source from BriTay. BriTay is a consulting and management service company that was acquired by the international consultancy MRI worldwide in 2002. Therefore, BriTay was considered to be another reliable source for this thesis.}, subject = {China}, language = {en} } @masterthesis{Thuenken2008, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Th{\"u}nken, Florian}, title = {Internet Censorship in China - Recent Developments and Perception of Internet Censorship by Chinese Internet Users}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-34445}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2008}, abstract = {With the launch of economic reforms and the opening up in 1978, China started to catch up with the industrial nations. During the 1980s and 90s great importance was attached to the development of the science and educational sector. Development of the first Chinese intranet and connection to the internet became a key to developing science and economy. In 1987 the China Academic Network (CAnet, Zhongguo xueshu wangluo) was established. In the same year the first e-mail was sent from China to the University of Karlsruhe. Full access to the internet was gained in 1994, and it took four more years until the internet business was booming. The growth rate of internet users is tremendous, and China soon will have the largest online community in the world. In January 2008 China had about 210 million internet users, being only second to the United States with 215 million users. Analysts often forget that Chinese internet users only constitute a small percentage of the population (about 16\% in December 2007). The internet penetration rate compared to countries like the USA or Japan (both above 65\% in July 2007) is still very low. The internet market will grow as a large part of the population still is not connected to the worldwide web, especially in the rural areas. But it should be kept in mind that today's surfers still represent an elite. A large proportion of internet users (about 36.2\% in 2007) hold academic degrees, while persons who enjoyed tertiary education only make up for 6,22\% of the populace. Besides economic aspects, western analyses often stress the aspect of censorship. Involvement of Western companies in content control and imprisonment of 'cyber dissidents', like Shi Tao, have been topics of discussion for a long time. Reporters Without Borders and Amnesty International have recommended China to respect its citizens' freedom of speech. The USA, Germany and France have criticised China for its censorship policies. According to a proposal passed in February 2007 the European Union might consider internet censorship a trade barrier. This could affect future negotiations with the PRC. Literature on internet censorship in the PRC still holds the view that the Chinese government has successfully build a solid firewall, which can only be circumvented by using special software. Others hold the opinion that a system as complex as the internet cannot be censored in an effective way. As Bill Clinton put it once, trying to control the internet would be like 'trying to nail Jello to the wall'. Some are overly enthusiastic in regard to the possible impact which the internet might have on the process of democratisation, by stressing the importance of its 'feedback functionality' and the influx of foreign body of thought. Imperfect control would lead to a more open public discourse, which would eventually lead to the fall of China's authoritarian regime.The first part of the thesis will examine the status quo of internet censorship in the PRC. Mechanisms which the Chinese authorities employ to censor the web will be examined, but the focus will rest on the non-technical aspects internet censorship. It will be explored how mechanisms of censorship are becoming increasingly indirect, alongside taking a look at regulations and codes and the news monopoly of the Chinese state and its agencies, like Xinhua. The second part of the thesis will examine user's reactions to internet censorship, how they adapt to it, and if they circumvent technical barriers, or if they are aware of the existence of internet censorship. Special attention will be paid to self-censorship and self-seduction, by taking a look at online behaviour. To better put into perspective the topic of internet censorship I will use the concept of Panopticism, mediated by Michel Foucault, as well as media theories by Chomsky and Herman. The paper is based on articles and research papers, surveys, as well as online articles and papers. Online articles are used throughout the paper because of their timeliness and availability, as the latest changes in China's internet censorship cannot be found in traditional papers and articles.}, subject = {Zensur}, language = {en} } @masterthesis{Trausch2008, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Trausch, Tim}, title = {Maskulinit{\"a}t, K{\"o}rperlichkeit und Gewalt im Kino Hongkongs am Beispiel der Regisseure Chang Cheh und John Woo}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-34454}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2008}, abstract = {Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, die eng miteinander verkn{\"u}pften und im Kino Hongkongs (Xianggang) offenbar eine prominente Position einnehmenden Motive Maskulinit{\"a}t, K{\"o}rperlichkeit und Gewalt, sowie die Bereiche in denen jene zum Ausdruck kommen, n{\"a}mlich Sexualit{\"a}t, Umgang mit Femininit{\"a}t, Wertanschauungen, Br{\"u}derlichkeit, Loyalit{\"a}t und Heldentod, am Beispiel der Regisseure Chang Cheh (Zhang Che 1923-2002) und John Woo (Wu Yusen *1946), zu untersuchen. Der gew{\"a}hlte Betrachtungszeitraum entspricht dabei jeweils der kommerziellen und artistischen Bl{\"u}tezeit beider Regisseure. Einst von weiblichen Stars dominiert, ist das ‚Hollywood des Ostens' heute l{\"a}ngst synonym mit kung fu (gong fu) und Action, jenen Genres, in denen sich Maskulinit{\"a}t am deutlichsten manifestiert. Maskulinit{\"a}t, „ein Thema, eine Ideologie und industrielle Struktur, die den Hongkong-Film so viele Jahre beherrscht hat", bildet den Knotenpunkt, der die Motive K{\"o}rperlichkeit und Gewalt, sowie die behandelten Unterkategorien verbindet. Zur{\"u}ckzuf{\"u}hren ist diese Transformation auf das von Chang Cheh propagierte, M{\"a}nnlichkeit, respektive Machismus betonende, yanggang-Konzept, welches dieser bereits mit dem 1966 entstandenen Tiger Boy (Huxia jianchou), im folgenden Jahr jedoch in jeder Hinsicht wesentlich erfolgreicher mit One-armed Swordsman (Dubi dao 1967) dem Publikum pr{\"a}sentierte, jenem Film, der beinahe im Alleingang das wuxia-Genre revolutionieren sollte. Dieses Werk l{\"a}utete seine hier im Fokus stehende Hochphase ein, die bis in die sp{\"a}ten 70er Jahre anhielt, und erm{\"o}glichte ihm den Aufstieg zum popul{\"a}rsten Filmemacher des zu jener Zeit marktf{\"u}hrenden Shaw Brothers Studios (Shaoshi xiongdi), welches zum Aush{\"a}ngeschild des von ihm (mit-)begr{\"u}ndeten ‚neuen Martial-Arts-Films' (xin wuxia pian) wurde. In seiner mehr als 50 Jahre umfassenden Karriere, f{\"u}hrte er bei ann{\"a}hernd 100 Filmen Regie, davon etwa 80\% Martial-Arts-Filme mit stets m{\"a}nnlichen Hauptrollen. Sein Schaffen f{\"u}hrte zum Aufstieg des maskulinen Helden, charakterisiert durch ein Leben als gesellschaftlicher Außenseiter in der Welt des jianghu, ausgepr{\"a}gte k{\"o}rperliche F{\"a}higkeiten, ihm eigene Wertanschauungen, Individualismus bei gleichzeitiger Loyalit{\"a}t zu seinen m{\"a}nnlichen Kameraden, die ihm stets wichtiger sind als Frauen, eine ausgepr{\"a}gte Todesverachtung und keine Scheu vor Gewaltanwendung, um sich oder andere zu verteidigen. Im Falle von John Woo, Bewunderer und ehemaliger Regie-Assistent Chang Chehs, umspannt der in Betracht genommene Zeitraum die Jahre von 1986, als sein Kassenschlager A Better Tomorrow (Yingxiong bense) die Kinocharts eroberte, der das Genre des Heldenfilms (yingxiong pian) startete, bis hin zu seinem letzten Hongkong-Film 1992, bevor er in die USA auswanderte. Anhand von Beispielen soll erl{\"a}utert werden, wie die genannten Motive dargestellt werden und welcher Grad an Kontinuit{\"a}t sich finden l{\"a}sst in dem Werk zweier Filmschaffender, deren Hochphasen nicht beliebige 20 Jahre trennen, sondern 20 Jahre, welche Zeuge der wohl gr{\"o}ßten Ver{\"a}nderung in der Jugendkultur, Identit{\"a}t und Selbstwahrnehmung Hongkongs, des Aufstiegs der filmischen ‚New Wave', der Wiederkehr der kantonesischen Sprache in den Spielfilm, sowie des Beschlusses der R{\"u}ckgabe der damals britischen Kronkolonie an die Volksrepublik China (Zhonghua renmin gongheguo) wurden. Falls eine solche Kontinuit{\"a}t existiert, wie erkl{\"a}rt sich diese und welche Gegenstr{\"o}mungen lassen sich eventuell finden? Des Weiteren soll die Arbeit einen kritischen Beitrag leisten zur bisher wenig ausgepr{\"a}gten Diskussion um die Wahrnehmung des Hongkong-Kinos im Westen. Hierin werden insbesondere die Bereiche Filmgewalt, politische Allegorie und Maskulinit{\"a}t im Hinblick auf Sexualit{\"a}t angesprochen. Mittels einer Kombination aus der Gegen{\"u}berstellung von chinesisch-, mit deutsch- und englischsprachigen Quellen, der Verwertung von Stimmen aus der Filmindustrie, eines Blickes auf das globale Kino jener Zeit, sowie kulturellen Beobachtungen, wird der Versuch unternommen, popul{\"a}re Vorurteile und Fehlinterpretationen in der westlichen Rezeption aufzudecken und zu widerlegen.}, subject = {Hongkong}, language = {de} } @book{Alpermann2021, author = {Alpermann, Bj{\"o}rn}, title = {Xinjiang - China und die Uiguren}, edition = {1}, publisher = {W{\"u}rzburg University Press}, address = {W{\"u}rzburg}, isbn = {978-3-95826-162-4}, doi = {10.25972/WUP-978-3-95826-163-1}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-244128}, publisher = {W{\"u}rzburg University Press}, pages = {VI, 262}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Die Situation in Chinas nordwestlicher Region Xinjiang hat in den letzten Jahren zunehmende internationale Aufmerksamkeit erfahren. Berichte {\"u}ber Masseninternierungen von Uiguren und anderen ethnischen Gruppen in Umerziehungslagern, Zwangsarbeit, Zwangssterilisation und weitere Menschenrechtsverletzungen beherrschen die Schlagzeilen und belasten die Beziehungen zwischen China und seinen Kritikern. Die chinesische Regierung rechtfertigt ihr Vorgehen hingegen als Kampf gegen Terrorismus, islamistischen Extremismus und ethnischen Separatismus. „Xinjiang - China und die Uiguren" pr{\"a}sentiert erstmalig in deutscher Sprache eine tiefergehende wissenschaftliche Auseinandersetzung mit diesem kontroversen Thema. Pr{\"a}gnant und anschaulich f{\"u}hrt der erste Teil des Buchs in die komplexe Geschichte der Region ein. Der zweite Teil stellt die Entwicklungen im 21. Jahrhundert dar. Hierbei zeigt sich ein facettenreiches Bild der sozio{\"o}konomischen Entwicklung, der ethnischen Identit{\"a}t sowie der Sprach- und Religionspolitik. Der dritte Teil hinterfragt die g{\"a}ngigen Deutungen des Xinjiang-Konflikts, analysiert Proteste und Terrorismus ebenso wie die staatlichen Repressionsmaßnahmen und die internationale Dimension der Auseinandersetzung. Quellennah, basierend auf den Ergebnissen der neuesten Forschung und in einem unaufgeregten Ton vermittelt „Xinjiang - China und die Uiguren" ein ausgewogenes Bild der aktuellen Konflikte.}, subject = {Sinkiang}, language = {de} } @techreport{PfeilschifterLauthFischeretal.2019, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Pfeilschifter, Rene and Lauth, Hans-Joachim and Fischer, Doris and Rothfuß, Eberhard and Schachner, Andreas and Schmitz, Barbara and Werthmann, Katja}, title = {Lokale Selbstregelungen im Kontext schwacher Staatlichkeit in Antike und Moderne. Ein Forschungsprogramm f{\"u}r einen Perspektivwechsel}, edition = {1. Auflage}, doi = {10.25972/OPUS-19347}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-193473}, pages = {37}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Der Nucleus von Staatlichkeit liegt auf der lokalen Ebene, im Dorf, im Viertel, in der Nachbarschaft. Hier entwickelt eine Gemeinschaft jenseits der Familie zuerst kollektive Regeln, die ihren Fortbestand sichern sollen. Meist ist aber nicht nur diese Regelungsebene vorhanden. {\"U}ber ihr stehen {\"u}berlokale Herrschaftsformationen - von regionalen Verb{\"u}nden bis zum Imperium -, welche die Ordnungsangebote vor Ort erg{\"a}nzen oder mit ihnen konkurrieren. {\"O}rtliche Selbstregelungen sind, so die Pr{\"a}misse dieser Forschungsgruppe, dann besonders vielf{\"a}ltig und ausgepr{\"a}gt, wenn {\"u}berlokale Staatlichkeit im Modus der schwachen Durchdringung existiert. Wie lokale Selbstregelungen in diesem Kontext funktionieren, ist unsere zentrale Forschungsfrage. Wir untersuchen die Relationen zu den staatlichen Ebenen wie zu anderen lokalen Gruppen in ihrem zeitlichen Verlauf, wir analysieren die Reichweite und die r{\"a}umliche Bedingtheit von Selbstregelungen, fragen nach ihrer Legitimierung sowie nach der Interdependenz zu Organisation und kollektiver Identit{\"a}t der sie tragenden Gruppen; schließlich wenden wir uns der Bedeutung der Selbstregelungen f{\"u}r die Ordnungsform der schwachen Staatlichkeit zu. Der empirische Fokus liegt auf der lokalen Ebene, die in der bisherigen Forschung zum Regieren jenseits des Staates wenig beachtet wurde. Dazu wird in kategorial strukturierten Fallstudien gearbeitet, die in r{\"a}umlichen und zeitlichen Bereichen außerhalb der europ{\"a}ischen (Sonder-)Entwicklung von Staatlichkeit seit dem Hochmittelalter situiert sind: in der griechisch-r{\"o}mischen Antike und im Globalen S{\"u}den der Gegenwart. Mit der unterschiedlichen Zeitstellung m{\"o}chten wir zur {\"U}berwindung der oft als kanonisch geltenden Dichotomie zwischen Moderne und Vormoderne beitragen. Angestrebt wird sowohl die komparative Analyse der verschiedenen Ordnungsarrangements als auch die typologische Erfassung lokaler Regelungsmuster. Allein von der Anlage des empirischen Vergleichs erwarten wir methodischen Ertrag, denn es gilt disziplin{\"a}re Beschr{\"a}nkungen zu erkennen, mit ihnen umzugehen und sie zu {\"u}berwinden. Ausgehend von der Identifizierung typischer Muster und Prozesse, m{\"o}chten wir theoriebildend die Mechanismen f{\"u}r das Gelingen lokaler Ordnungsarrangements im Ganzen besser absch{\"a}tzen. Somit leisten wir einen entscheidenden interdisziplin{\"a}ren Beitrag zum Verst{\"a}ndnis basaler Elemente von Staatlichkeit, die gerade im Kontext schwacher Staatlichkeit von elementarer Bedeutung sind. Diese in historischer Perspektive gewonnenen Erkenntnisse sollen helfen, die Gegenwart nicht nur aus ihren eigenen, scheinbar v{\"o}llig neuartigen Voraussetzungen heraus zu begreifen, und so die politische Analyse diverser Governance-Formen erheblich sch{\"a}rfen.}, subject = {Begrenzte Staatlichkeit}, language = {de} } @book{Alpermann2022, author = {Alpermann, Bj{\"o}rn}, title = {Le Xinjiang - la Chine et les Ou{\"i}ghours}, publisher = {W{\"u}rzburg University Press}, address = {W{\"u}rzburg}, isbn = {978-3-95826-190-7}, doi = {10.25972/WUP-978-3-95826-190-7}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-283044}, publisher = {W{\"u}rzburg University Press}, pages = {X, 251}, year = {2022}, abstract = {La situation au Xinjiang, r{\´e}gion du Nord-Ouest de la Chine, a ces derni{\`e}res ann{\´e}es suscit{\´e} une attention internationale croissante. Les rapports sur les internements massifs de Ou{\"i}ghours et d'autres groupes ethniques dans des camps de r{\´e}{\´e}ducation, le travail forc{\´e}, les st{\´e}rilisations forc{\´e}es et autres atteintes aux droits humains font la une de l'actualit{\´e} et affectent les relations entre la Chine et ceux qui la critiquent. Le gouvernement chinois, en revanche, justifie sa mani{\`e}re d'agir par la lutte contre le terrorisme, l'extr{\´e}misme islamique et le s{\´e}paratisme ethnique. << Le Xinjiang - la Chine et les Ou{\"i}ghours >> pr{\´e}sente pour la premi{\`e}re fois en fran{\c{c}}ais une analyse scientifique plus approfondie de ce sujet tr{\`e}s controvers{\´e}. La premi{\`e}re partie du livre constitue une introduction pr{\´e}gnante, claire et vivante de l'histoire complexe de la r{\´e}gion. La deuxi{\`e}me partie pr{\´e}sente l'{\´e}volution au XXIe si{\`e}cle, dressant un tableau {\`a} multiples facettes du d{\´e}veloppement {\´e}conomique, de l'identit{\´e} ethnique et de la politique linguistique et religieuse. La troisi{\`e}me partie remet en question les interpr{\´e}tations courantes du conflit au Xinjiang, analyse les protestations et les actes de terrorisme de m{\^e}me que les mesures de r{\´e}pression de l'{\´E}tat et la dimension internationale du conflit. Proche des sources, bas{\´e} sur les r{\´e}sultats de la recherche la plus r{\´e}cente et avec un souci constant de neutralit{\´e}, << Le Xinjiang - la Chine et les Ou{\"i}ghours >> offre une image {\´e}quilibr{\´e}e des conflits actuels.}, subject = {Sinkiang}, language = {fr} } @misc{Lan2022, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Lan, Kai-Yi}, title = {Gender and Medicine in the Ming Dynasty: Tan Yunxian's (1461-1556) Medical Case Book}, doi = {10.25972/OPUS-28886}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-288862}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2022}, abstract = {This project explores Tan Yunxian's journey of becoming a female doctor in the Ming dynasty. Among all the surviving Ming medical books, Tan Yunxian's medical case book is the only one that was written by a woman. It seems natural, considering she had both scholar-official and medical family backgrounds. Yet, social expectations consider it more suitable for a lady to remain in the household, and not treat patients outside. To legitimize Tan Yunxian's pursuit of a medical career, she applied several strategies to resolve potential criticism toward her and her family. These strategies are analyzed through her autobiographical preface in her medical case book. The project also explores Ming male literatis' perspectives toward Tan Yunxian, the factors that contributed to the preservation and publication of her medical case book, and examined her medical cases under the social-historical and micro-history contexts.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Zhang2023, author = {Zhang, Yanxiang}, title = {The Making of a Place: Topographical Literature on West Lake by Tian Rucheng (b. 1501) and Zhang Dai (b. 1597)}, doi = {10.25972/OPUS-32759}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-327590}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2023}, abstract = {This dissertation explores the local gazetteers of West Lake that were compiled by literati of the Ming dynasty. In 1547, the first West Lake gazetteer was published by the local literatus of Hangzhou, Tian Rucheng 田汝成. In the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, accompanying the huge enthusiasm for West Lake and the flourishing of its tourism, the production of West Lake gazetteers reached its peak. This trend, however, was reduced by the turmoils in the last years of the Ming and the dynastic transition, a period when West Lake had also experienced destruction. Nevertheless, the practice was resumed in the first decades of the Qing dynasty by some literati who had survived the disasters. One prominent work of this period was compiled by the Ming loyalist and "remnant subject" Zhang Dai 張岱, who wrote an author's preface in 1671. This dissertation can be divided into two parts. The first part focuses on the editorial principles of compilers, e.g., which materials are included, how they are organized and presented. It explores various possible intentions of the compilers, such as scholarly and documentary, practical and oriented toward tour-guiding, didactic and educational, and personal and nostalgic ones. The second part focuses on some of the perceptions, attitudes, and values of literati focusing on West Lake. The discourses analyzed in this part include West Lake as a hybrid between metropolitan city and sheer wilderness, as a national symbol and object of nostalgia of the lost dynasty, and as a place of pleasure-seeking and indulgence. While a discourse often had a long tradition and historical development, the emphasis of the study is on the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, i.e., the late Ming.}, language = {en} } @article{Yan2022, author = {Yan, Zhe}, title = {"I tried to control my emotions": nursing home care workers' experiences of emotional labor in China}, series = {Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology}, volume = {37}, journal = {Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology}, number = {1}, doi = {10.1007/s10823-022-09452-4}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-324295}, pages = {1-22}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Despite dramatic expansions in the Chinese nursing home sector in meeting the increasing care needs of a rapidly aging population, direct care work in China remains largely devalued and socially unrecognized. Consequently, scant attention has been given to the caregiving experiences of direct care workers (DCWs) in Chinese nursing homes. In particular, given the relational nature of care work, there is little knowledge as to how Chinese DCWs manage emotions and inner feelings through their emotional labor. This article examines the emotional labor of Chinese DCWs through ethnographic data collected with 20 DCWs in one nursing home located in an urban setting in central China. Data were analyzed using conventional content analysis and constant comparison. Participants' accounts of sustaining a caring self, preserving professional identity, and hoping for reciprocity revealed implicit meanings about the often-conflicting nature of emotional labor and the nonreciprocal elements of care work under constrained working conditions. Importantly, the moral-cultural notion of bao (报 norm of reciprocity) was found to be central among DCWs in navigating strained resources and suggested their agency in meaning-construction. However, their constructed moral buffers may be insufficient if emotional labor continues to be made invisible by care organizations.}, subject = {Gerontologie}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Niebuhr2023, author = {Niebuhr, Frances Anke}, title = {Dhāri Devī, Goddess of the Floods : Development, Disaster and the Transitions of a Place of Worship}, publisher = {Heidelberg Asian Studies Publishing}, address = {Heidelberg}, isbn = {978-3-948791-49-0 (print)}, doi = {10.11588/hasp.1152}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-330402}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, pages = {XVII, 293 Seiten}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Der Werdegang des Dhārī Devī Tempels versinnbildlicht die Vorstellung von Katastrophen als Wendepunkte. Insbesondere Flutdesaster begleiteten Transformationsprozesse des Ortes am Fluss Alaknanda im indischen Himalaya. Bereits eine Sturzflut im Jahre 1894 pr{\"a}gte maßgeblich den Platz und die Identit{\"a}t der Gottheit. Lokale Flutlegenden bekamen neue Aktualit{\"a}t mit der Planung eines Wasserkraftwerks in der n{\"a}heren Umgebung. Sie wurden Teil der Debatten rund um das Bauprojekt, das eine Verlegung der sakralen St{\"a}tte erforderte. Vorliegende Fallstudie beleuchtet Flut-Diskurse und veranschaulicht ihren Einfluss auf ein Entwicklungsprojekt. Dazu belegt sie, wie vorangegangene Kontroversen die {\"o}ffentliche Deutung zweier Flutdesaster in 2012 und speziell des „Himalaya Tsunamis" in 2013 formten.}, language = {de} } @misc{Schnermann2024, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Schnermann, Sophia Victoria}, title = {The impact of China's e-mobility development on German motor vehicle manufacturers}, doi = {10.25972/OPUS-35327}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-353276}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Compared to other countries, China was particularly early in developing a comprehensive set of policies to promote electric mobility (e-mobility). The aim of this study is to examine how China's e-mobility development - through changes in formal institutions as well as market forces - has affected German passenger car manufacturers and their competitive environment and positions. The study is guided by two strands of research: new institutional economics and strategic management literature. A holistic multiple-case design is used to analyze five German case study firms. Qualitative interview data are collected through interviews and analyzed using a thematic analysis. The results show that the electric transformation in China has been shaped by changes in formal institutions at the macro, meso, and micro levels. Interestingly, the case study firms were affected not only by changes in China's formal institutions but also by disparities between institutions in China and Europe. Furthermore, the data suggest that German car manufacturers are facing an increasingly competitive environment in China: at least four forces in Porter's five-forces model seem to have intensified in recent years. The extent to which the case study firms have been affected by these developments may depend on the industry segments in which they are positioned. However, it can be argued that the electric transition has blurred the lines between traditional segments of the car industry to some extent. The interview data do not provide evidence that any of the German car brands have substantially changed their positioning, but they do suggest that some of the case study companies did not have an adequate offering for the Chinese market at the time of the interviews. In addition, the study finds that China's transition to e-mobility has led to changes in various parts of the German automakers' value chains, including production, sales, marketing, services, research and development, and procurement. Whether these changes will ultimately result in competitive advantage, parity, or disadvantage remains to be seen.}, subject = {Institutionen{\"o}konomie}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Lan2023, author = {Lan, Yangyang}, title = {Bamboo-branch Songs (\({zhuzhici}\)) of Shandong Province: Lyrical Records of Local Life, Traveling and Local History}, doi = {10.25972/OPUS-32868}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-328687}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2023}, abstract = {This dissertation presents a comprehensive exploration of the bamboo branch song (zhuzhici 竹枝詞), a classical Chinese poetry genre. One of the defining features of the bamboo branch song genre is its emphasis on all aspects of local culture. As a result, these poems typically have a specific focus on a particular place. This dissertation takes the bamboo branch songs of Shandong Province as its primary subject. The dissertation is divided into two parts. The first section focuses on a cultural study of the bamboo branch song genre. By examining the genre, this dissertation concludes that the bamboo branch song is a genre of vernacular poetry in imperial China. The language has a vernacular style, and the content has a clear focus on local affairs. The subsequent section delves into the Bamboo Branch Songs of Shandong Province, with almost 2,000 poems collected from different sources. From everyday routines to customs, travel culture, and historical episodes, the poems cover a wide range of topics, offering a detailed glimpse into the various facets of the region's society. Women play a significant role in the poems about social life in Bamboo Branch Songs of Shandong Province. They were often the central figures in the ceremonies of festivals, and their behaviour was given special attention. The bamboo branch song genre has an internal character as a form of travel writing. The poems were usually written by authors who had made observations on their journeys. This dissertation delves into the travel culture of the capital Ji'nan, through the lens of bamboo branch songs, providing valuable insights into the region. Another common motif of bamboo branch songs is history. Some nostalgic poems deal with local historical sites, events, legends and personalities. This dissertation finds that these poems contain unique historical information with a microcosmic and individual perspective.}, language = {en} } @techreport{FischerSchaper2021, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Fischer, Doris and Schaper, Anna-Katharina}, title = {Does Gender Matter for the Entrepreneurship Fairy Tale? An Analysis of Chinese Unicorn Start-ups}, series = {CBE Research Notes}, journal = {CBE Research Notes}, issn = {2747-8661}, doi = {10.25972/OPUS-24441}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-244415}, pages = {9}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Start-up ecosystems around the world have created a large number of successful and innovative unicorn companies in recent years. Our research note focuses on the case of China and offers a global comparative perspective on the current status of Chinese unicorn start-ups and their founding structure. We identify a predominantly male unicorn founding structure and illustrate a worrying decline of female entrepreneurship in China.}, language = {en} } @misc{Shane2017, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Shane, Nadine}, title = {The Country-of-Origin Effect and its Potential Impact on How German Consumers Perceive Chinese Luxury Goods}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-153047}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2017}, abstract = {This thesis investigates the impact of the country-of-origin effect on Chinese luxury brands which intend to enter the German luxury goods market. By means of a questionnaire and a quantitative analysis, possible threats to Chinese newcomers that derive from an unfavorable country image are illustrated. In fact, the Chinese origin of luxury goods has an impact on German consumers' perception.}, subject = {China}, language = {en} } @techreport{LauthFischerKruegeretal.2019, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Lauth, Hans-Joachim and Fischer, Doris and Kr{\"u}ger, Dominique and Mohamad-Klotzbach, Christoph and Pfeilschifter, Rene and Rothfuß, Eberhard and Schachner, Andreas and Schmitz, Barbara and Werthmann, Katja}, title = {Interdisziplinarit{\"a}t. Eine Grundlegung zu Begriffen, Theorien und Methoden in einer geistes- und sozialwissenschaftlichen Forschungsgruppe}, edition = {1. Aufl.}, doi = {10.25972/OPUS-19348}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-193483}, pages = {50}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Interdisziplinarit{\"a}t markiert ein Forschungsprogramm, das unterschiedliche Konjunkturen erlebt hat. Auch wenn es aktuell wieder an Zuspruch gewinnt, bleiben oftmals die Konturen der Vorstellung von Interdisziplinarit{\"a}t verschwommen. Wenn eine Forschungsgruppe dezidiert die interdisziplin{\"a}re Perspektive aufgreift, ist es daher zwingend geboten, sich {\"u}ber den Begriff und seine Implikationen zu verst{\"a}ndigen. Darauf aufbauend zeigen wir, wie sich die DFG-Forschungsgruppe 2757 interdisziplin{\"a}r aufstellt und vernetzt, um eine komplexe Fragestellung zu kl{\"a}ren, die durch Einzelforschung nicht befriedigend behandelt werden kann. Dazu erl{\"a}utern wir zun{\"a}chst die in interdisziplin{\"a}rer Reflexion gewonnenen und ausgew{\"a}hlten begrifflichen Grundlagen, Theorien und Methoden und pr{\"a}sentieren die entsprechenden Grundideen unserer Forschungsgruppe. Auf dieser Basis beschreiben wir deren organisatorische Tektonik sowie die inhaltlichen und methodischen Verbindungen der einzelnen Teilprojekte. Somit pr{\"a}zisieren wir unsere Vorstellung von interdisziplin{\"a}rer Zusammenarbeit im Sinne einer vernetzten Forschung. Wir erarbeiten mit unserem Vorgehen in interdisziplin{\"a}rer Hinsicht einen angemessenen Zugang zur Thematik, der es erlaubt, die grundlegenden Fragen aus unterschiedlichen epistemologischen Perspektiven zu beleuchten und damit umfassender zu erfassen, als es aus einer rein disziplin{\"a}ren Sicht m{\"o}glich w{\"a}re. Weiterhin streben wir eine Erweiterung und Vertiefung unseres methodischen Vorgehens an, indem verschiedene fachspezifische Methoden verwendet und kombiniert werden. Auf dieser Grundlage versprechen wir uns innovative Ergebnisse, die theoretische und methodologische Aspekte betreffen.}, subject = {Interdisziplinarit{\"a}t}, language = {de} } @misc{Schaper2018, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Schaper, Anna-Katharina}, title = {Conquering China's Second-Tier Cities: An Empirical Analysis of the Relationship between a City's Degree of Internationalization and Foreign Companies' Market Entry Decisions in China's Second-Tier Cities}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-161329}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2018}, abstract = {China's emerging second-tier cities attract more and more foreign companies that are looking for business opportunities. Although much has been written about companies' internationalization strategies, including companies' market entry decisions and market entry mode strategies, research on the relationship between a city's degree of internationalization and foreign companies' market entry decisions and market entry mode strategies in second-tier cities in China is still relatively scarce. Thus, the central research question of this study is: Why and how does a second-tier city's degree of internationalization influence foreign companies' market entry decisions and market entry mode strategies in second-tier China? This study is based on a qualitative research approach; an embedded multiple-case study is applied and interviews with two different target groups are conducted. The first target group consists of foreign companies having established business operations in China's second-tier cities directly and have had no previous business operations in first-tier cites. The second group is made up of foreign companies that initially operated in first-tier China, and then moved to second-tier cities. The company sample compromises small- and medium-sized foreign companies with various industry backgrounds and market entry modes in Chengdu and Chongqing. Since 2015, Maxxelli has been publishing its China International City Index (CICI) on a yearly basis in which it measures and compares China's cities' degree of internationalization. Because Maxxelli revised this year's CICI methodology comprehensively, this study also aims at feedback to improve the overall CICI. This study concludes that a second-tier city's degree of internationalization is particularly important to foreign companies having first set up in Chinese first-tier cities. Companies having established themselves in second-tier cities directly, do not pay a lot of direct attention to a city's degree of internationalization and tend to base their market entry decisions more on business opportunities they identify in a city. In addition, this study argues that in most cases a city's degree of internationalization does not influence the type of market entry mode companies choose to enter second-tier China.}, subject = {China}, language = {en} } @techreport{KrauseFischer2021, type = {Working Paper}, author = {Krause, Theresa and Fischer, Doris}, title = {Data as the new driver for growth? European and Chinese perspectives on the new factor of production}, doi = {10.25972/OPUS-22979}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-229794}, pages = {7}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Amidst an emerging international systemic competition between China and the Western world, China's sustained high economic growth rates, technological innovations and successful control of the corona pandemic have raised doubts over the West's systemic capabilities. In this context, data resources and regimes play an increasing role. This research note looks at data as present and future driver of innovation and economic growth in more detail. It compares the Chinese and the European perspective on data as well as their respective (planned) policy measures in order to draw tentative conclusions about their different approaches' implications.}, subject = {China}, language = {en} } @misc{Gohli2020, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Gohli, Hannes}, title = {'Protect the Environment, Build the Homeland' - A Study of the Sino-Singapore Tianjin Eco City's Measures for Citizens to Act in an Environmentally Sustainable Fashion}, doi = {10.25972/OPUS-20660}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-206607}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2020}, abstract = {In order to achieve objectives of sustainable development, the Sino-Singapore Tianjin Eco City has devised a set of Key Performance Indicators, which require the collaboration of regional government and industrial entities, but also residents to be accomplished. Through qualitative interviews with eco citizens, this study offers an insight into life in an eco city and how aware residents are of their new home's targets and incentives. The thesis investigates, how the eco city encourages residents, who have often never received adequate environmental education, to recycle and adapt their purchasing behaviour. The findings reveal the existence of several technical measures, practical incentive schemes and dissemination techniques that encourage residents to act according to environmental considerations. However, residents are often unaware of the numerical targets or do not make the connection between incentive and intended behaviour. The study highlights possibilities for improvement, in order to enhance residents' understanding of the eco city's objectives. After all, without resident participation and understanding, the Key Performance Indicators may be unattainable and the eco city's eventual economic, social and environmental success in jeopardy.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Harbrecht2019, author = {Harbrecht, Isabelle}, title = {Entering Society - The Adolescence, Identity and Development of Vocational Education Students in Shanghai}, edition = {1. Auflage}, publisher = {W{\"u}rzburg University Press}, address = {W{\"u}rzburg}, isbn = {978-3-95826-096-2}, doi = {10.25972/WUP-978-3-95826-097-9}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-168626}, school = {W{\"u}rzburg University Press}, pages = {xviii, 298}, year = {2019}, abstract = {With the late twentieth-century reform of the labour market and the abolition of the 'iron rice bowl' in China, jobs were no longer guaranteed by the government and higher education became more and more a requirement for even low-level positions. A surplus of academics and a lack of skilled workers became the long-term consequences. Since the early 2000s, the government has tried to mitigate this situation by promoting and developing vocational education. However, it is still considered to be a second class education, suitable only for weak students whose results are too low for an academic middle school. Based on the qualitative and quantitative data of a three-year panel study conducted in vocational schools in Shanghai, the present publication analyses the social environments, personalities, values and perceptions of students in vocational education - adolescents stigmatized by society. The results show how their attitudes change throughout their education, and which kinds of identities they form. Drawing on Ulrich Beck's thesis of individualization, this publication finds that adolescents in vocational education still hold on to the belief that good study results enable them to seize chances and avoid risks. Freedom of choice, feelings of success and a good relationship with parents support these positive attitudes towards learning. Family in particular turned out to not only be an important motivational factor but also the dominant value of the students. Vocational education is still, however, stigmatized and the adolescents try to bring that in line with their self-worth.}, language = {en} } @article{HauserTiegna2021, author = {Hauser, Anna Si-Lu and Tiegna, Janneke}, title = {"Local self-regulation between democracy and hierarchy. Varieties of structure and values". Digital Mercator Workshop of the DFG Research Unit 2757/Local Self-Governance in the context of Weak Statehood in Antiquity and the Modern Era (LoSAM) from 18-19th March 2021}, series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Vergleichende Politikwissenschaft}, volume = {15}, journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Vergleichende Politikwissenschaft}, number = {2}, issn = {1865-2654}, doi = {10.1007/s12286-021-00487-4}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-270096}, pages = {275-280}, year = {2021}, abstract = {No abstract available.}, language = {en} } @misc{Zhang2023, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Zhang, Shenxishuai}, title = {Conflicts and Anxieties over Money in Late Ming Vernacular Stories}, doi = {10.25972/OPUS-31673}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-316733}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2023}, abstract = {The present study discusses money and conflicts and anxiety over money in late Ming vernacular stories and contextualizes these stories in the contemporary society of economic prosperity and rapid changes. The high monetization and extensive use of silver and copper cash as currency brought both wealth and conflicts in various aspects of society. Eleven vernacular stories from several collections are adopted as source materials for the close examination, including Jingshi tongyan (Stories to Caution the World, 1624) and Xingshi hengyan (Stories to Awaken the World, 1627) by Feng Menglong (1574-1646) and the two Pai'an jingqi (Slapping the Table in Amazement, 1628 and 1632) collections by Ling Mengchu (1580-1644), etc. The analysis then focuses on the relationship between money and four topics, the late Ming context, social relations, gender ideals, and religion. Multiple voices and various viewpoints in these narratives show human beings' struggles in taming and dominating money, the increasingly familiar and essential object in everyday life. Generally, when people cannot control money properly, there is a fear of its detrimental power to humans and social relations within and beyond families. On the contrary, characters, who are able to control money, are praised.}, subject = {Geld}, language = {en} } @masterthesis{Schiffmann2023, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Schiffmann, Luisa}, title = {Medialer Konflikt um ein kulinarisches Kulturgut: Analyse des Diskurses zur Kimchi-/Paocai-Kontroverse in ausgew{\"a}hlten chinesischen und s{\"u}dkoreanischen Onlinezeitungen}, doi = {10.25972/OPUS-31191}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-311919}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Die vorliegende Arbeit analysiert die chinesisch-s{\"u}dkoreanische Kontroverse um die Herkunft von Kimchi (kimch'i 김치) beispielhaft f{\"u}r Dispute um kulturelle Eigenheiten anhand von Material aus Online-Medien. Mittels prim{\"a}r qualitativer und sekund{\"a}r auch quantitativer Methoden und einer wissenssoziologischen Diskursanalyse, die sich auf theoretische und methodische Konzepte von Agenda-Setting, Framing und Nationenbilder st{\"u}tzt, untersucht die Arbeit, welche Selbstbilder und Bilder des „Anderen" in englischsprachigen Berichten koreanischer und chinesischer Onlinezeitungen produziert werden. Besonders im Vordergrund stehen dabei die sprachlichen Mittel, argumentativen Strategien und diskursiven Praktiken, die bei der Darstellung der Ereignisse eingesetzt werden. Dabei erg{\"a}nzt die vorliegende Arbeit bisherige Forschung, die sich entweder auf die Metaebene bezieht oder aber ein nationales Publikum betrachtet, um die Perspektive des internationalen Publikums von Online-Medien. Die Untersuchung kommt zu dem Ergebnis, dass ein deutlicher Unterschied in der Agenda chinesischer und koreanischer Medien besteht, und zwar sowohl hinsichtlich der Inhalte, der Argumentationsstruktur, als auch des anvisierten Publikums.}, subject = {Diskursanalyse}, language = {de} } @misc{Hauser2020, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Hauser, Anna Si-Lu}, title = {A comparative approach to local organisation of the energy transition}, doi = {10.25972/OPUS-20210}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-202109}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2020}, abstract = {In recent years, numerous renewable energy cities were established worldwide, piloting different pathways to transition to clean energy. With the ability to address local needs more precisely in their unique geographic, social and economic contexts, cities play a vital role in implementing overall climate mitigation goals on the local level. In China, many renewable energy cities have emerged as well. However, official documents suggest that Chinese government authorities establish such renewable energy cities strategically, which leads to the assumption that the impulse to become renewable is different from other countries, where bottom-up initiatives are more common. Hence, this thesis explores answer to the question why and how the Chinese government promotes the energy transition of Chinese cities and regions. To explore the dynamics of local energy transition projects, this thesis adopts two frameworks from the field of sustainability transitions, the multi-level perspective and strategic niche management, and applies them to seven European and two Chinese case studies. The European sample includes the cities Graz, G{\"u}ssing, Freiburg, and Helsinki as well as the communities Feldheim, J{\"u}hnde and Murau. The Chinese sample consists of the bottom-up initiative Shaanxi Sunflower Project and the demonstration project Tongli New Energy Town. A comparative analysis evaluates in how far the cases correspond to the multi-level perspective or strategic niche management. The comparison of the case studies reveals that the development of renewable energy cities in China goes beyond a top-down vs. bottom-up logic. In the Chinese context, strategic niche management should be understood as experimentation under hierarchy, which serves at pretesting different approaches before rolling them out nationwide. In addition, the analysis shows that both the multi-level perspective and strategic niche management have their advantages and disadvantages for niche development. Niches following the logic of the multi-level perspective may result in higher stakeholder acceptance, whereas strategic niche management can in turn accelerate niche development. However, since natural niche development cannot be steered intentionally, decision-makers who intend to induce local renewable energy projects have no other option but to resort to strategic niche management. To increase stakeholder acceptance and thus to improve the project outcome, decision-makers are advised to accommodate sufficient room for stakeholder participation in the project design.}, subject = {China}, language = {en} } @techreport{AngnideBielitskaBorchertetal.2020, author = {Angnide, Enarile and Bielitska, Iryna and Borchert, Leon and Braun, Louisa and B{\"u}hler, Pascal and Chen, Xinyue and Ho, Katherina and Hofmann, Lena and Kebekus, Melvin and Kubsch, Torbj{\"o}rn and Li, Alexander and Lin, Simon and Mischer, Andreas and Mogus, Mateja and Schmid, Fabian and Schneidawind, Luisa and Voss, Manuela and Wilson, Claire and Wieteska, Filip and Yu, Linda}, title = {Chinese Entanglements in Lower Franconian Business}, editor = {Lindner, Jonas and Fischer, Doris}, doi = {10.25972/OPUS-20987}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-209876}, pages = {219}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Using own survey data and interviews, this study analyzes how businesses in Lower Franconia (Unterfranken) are entangled with China. Starting with a bird's-eye-view of the current situation, the study goes on to provide valuable insights from five specific industries. The study shows that a majority of the analyzed firms have some sort of ties to China, be it through Chinese customers, import/export activities, or else.}, subject = {China}, language = {en} } @misc{Wu2021, type = {Master Thesis}, author = {Wu, Dong}, title = {Aspects of Gender in The Unofficial History of the Scholars}, doi = {10.25972/OPUS-21920}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-219202}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2021}, abstract = {The present study focuses on Rulin waishi 儒林外史 (The Unofficial History of the Scholars), a well-known Qing novel, from the perspective of gender. It attempts to contribute to the discussion about Chinese masculinity by identifying the representation of the scholars' masculinity in Rulin waishi and offer a better understanding of the novel's position regarding femininity and women. This project shows that the novel nevertheless reflects rather than challenges gender ideologies of its time. The ideal manhood showed in the novel comprises real virtues and authentic learning. It goes against the traditional, orthodox Confucian masculinity which advocates that officialdom is the glorious path to fulfill a learned man's masculinity. It is mainly due to Wu Jingzi's own failure in the civil service examinations and official careers. Regarding the relation of masculinity and sexuality, the novel reveals that a masculine man is not tempted by female charm but can enjoy a harmonious and companionate marriage. Besides, scholars show great anxiety about their masculinity since they are in a marginal position in society. Their manliness is challenged by officials, merchants, and even commoners, as well as their colleagues. Through a careful examination of stories of Pinniang, Miss Lu, and Mrs. Wang, it reveals that the novel holds a conventional opinion on women although it criticizes widow suicide and shows an egalitarian husband-wife relationship. It praises Confucian womanly virtues, such as following and serving the husband, managing the household, and keeping chastity. Female sexuality is blamed as an evil temptation to lead men to go astray. Women's learning gains legitimacy when serving to fulfill domestic responsibilities. It carries the Confucian message that men should take the lead and maintain order in the household and reinforces the rightful patriarchy. In a word, rather than go ahead of its time, Rulin waishi holds a conservative attitude towards gender issues.}, language = {en} } @article{AlpermannMalzer2023, author = {Alpermann, Bj{\"o}rn and Malzer, Michael}, title = {"In Other News": China's International Media Strategy on Xinjiang — CGTN and New China TV on YouTube}, series = {Modern China}, journal = {Modern China}, edition = {Online first}, issn = {1552-6836}, doi = {10.1177/00977004231169008}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-314173}, pages = {1-44}, year = {2023}, abstract = {In the Western world China stands accused of severe human rights violations regarding its treatment of the Uyghurs and other predominantly Muslim minorities in its northwestern Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. This is the first article to systematically analyze the response of China's international state media to these allegations. By studying the YouTube channels of two leading Chinese state media, China Global Television Network (CGTN) and New China TV (operated by Xinhua News Agency), it presents an indepth understanding of how China's foreign-facing propaganda works in a crucial case. The quantitative content analysis highlights how China reacted to increasing international (mostly United States) pressure regarding its Xinjiang policies by producing higher volumes of videos and putting out new counternarratives. The qualitative analysis that follows provides in-depth treatment of the most important discourses that Chinese media engage in to salvage the nation's international image, namely those on development, culture, nature, and terrorism. It finds several ways of countering criticism, ranging from presenting a positive image of China, in line with traditional propaganda guidelines and President Xi Jinping's assignment to state media to "tell the China story well," to more innovative approaches. Thus the development narrative becomes more personalized, the discourse on culture supports the "heritagization process" to incorporate minority cultures into a harmonized "Chinese civilization," representations of nature firmly tie Xinjiang into the discourse of "beautiful China," the "terror narrative" strategically employs shocking footage in an attempt to gain international "discourse power," etc. The article provides an up-to-date picture of China's state media strategy on a highly contentious international issue.}, language = {en} }