@article{EderDeutsch2015, author = {Eder, Andreas B. and Deutsch, Roland}, title = {Watch the target! Effects in the affective misattribution procedure become weaker (but not eliminated) when participants are motivated to provide accurate responses to the target}, series = {Frontiers in Psychology}, volume = {6}, journal = {Frontiers in Psychology}, doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01442}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-125982}, pages = {1442}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Previous research showed that priming effects in the affective misattribution procedure (AMP) are unaffected by direct warnings to avoid an influence of the primes. The present research examined whether a priming influence is diminished by task procedures that encourage accurate judgments of the targets. Participants were motivated to categorize the affective meaning of nonsense targets accurately by being made to believe that a true word was presented in each trial and by providing feedback on (allegedly) incorrect responses. This condition produced robust priming effects. Priming was however reduced and less reliable relative to more typical AMP conditions in which participants guessed the meaning of openly presented nonsense targets. Affective judgments of nonsense targets were not affected by advance knowledge of the response mapping during the priming phase, which argues against a response-priming explanation of AMP effects. These findings show that affective primes influence evaluative judgments even in conditions in which the motivation to provide accurate responses is high and a priming of motor responses is not possible. Priming effects were however weaker with high accuracy motivation, suggesting that a focus on accurate judgments is an effective strategy to control for an unwanted priming influence in the AMP.}, language = {en} } @article{FalibeneRocesRoessler2015, author = {Falibene, Agustina and Roces, Flavio and R{\"o}ssler, Wolfgang}, title = {Long-term avoidance memory formation is associated with a transient increase in mushroom body synaptic complexes in leaf-cutting ants}, series = {Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience}, volume = {9}, journal = {Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience}, number = {84}, doi = {10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00084}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-125522}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Long-term behavioral changes related to learning and experience have been shown to be associated with structural remodeling in the brain. Leaf-cutting ants learn to avoid previously preferred plants after they have proved harmful for their symbiotic fungus, a process that involves long-term olfactory memory. We studied the dynamics of brain microarchitectural changes after long-term olfactory memory formation following avoidance learning in Acromyrmex ambiguus. After performing experiments to control for possible neuronal changes related to age and body size, we quantified synaptic complexes (microglomeruli, MG) in olfactory regions of the mushroom bodies (MBs) at different times after learning. Long-term avoidance memory formation was associated with a transient change in MG densities. Two days after learning, MG density was higher than before learning. At days 4 and 15 after learning—when ants still showed plant avoidance—MG densities had decreased to the initial state. The structural reorganization of MG triggered by long-term avoidance memory formation clearly differed from changes promoted by pure exposure to and collection of novel plants with distinct odors. Sensory exposure by the simultaneous collection of several, instead of one, non-harmful plant species resulted in a decrease in MG densities in the olfactory lip. We hypothesize that while sensory exposure leads to MG pruning in the MB olfactory lip, the formation of long-term avoidance memory involves an initial growth of new MG followed by subsequent pruning.}, language = {en} } @article{FluriFleischerKleinschnitz2015, author = {Fluri, Felix and Fleischer, Michael and Kleinschnitz, Christoph}, title = {Accidental Thrombolysis in a Stroke Patient Receiving Apixaban}, series = {Cerebrovascular Diseases Extra}, volume = {5}, journal = {Cerebrovascular Diseases Extra}, doi = {10.1159/000375181}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-126326}, pages = {55-56}, year = {2015}, abstract = {No abstract available.}, language = {en} } @article{FrankMarcudeOliveiraAlmeidaPetersenetal.2015, author = {Frank, Benjamin and Marcu, Ana and de Oliveira Almeida Petersen, Antonio Luis and Weber, Heike and Stigloher, Christian and Mottram, Jeremy C. and Scholz, Claus J{\"u}rgen and Schurigt, Uta}, title = {Autophagic digestion of Leishmania major by host macrophages is associated with differential expression of BNIP3, CTSE, and the miRNAs miR-101c, miR-129, and miR-210}, series = {Parasites \& Vectors}, volume = {8}, journal = {Parasites \& Vectors}, number = {404}, doi = {10.1186/s13071-015-0974-3}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-124997}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Background Autophagy participates in innate immunity by eliminating intracellular pathogens. Consequently, numerous microorganisms have developed strategies to impair the autophagic machinery in phagocytes. In the current study, interactions between Leishmania major (L. m.) and the autophagic machinery of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) were analyzed. Methods BMDM were generated from BALB/c mice, and the cells were infected with L. m. promastigotes. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electron tomography were used to investigate the ultrastructure of BMDM and the intracellular parasites. Affymetrix® chip analyses were conducted to identify autophagy-related messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs). The protein expression levels of autophagy related 5 (ATG5), BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3 (BNIP3), cathepsin E (CTSE), mechanistic target of rapamycin (MTOR), microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B (LC3B), and ubiquitin (UB) were investigated through western blot analyses. BMDM were transfected with specific small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) against autophagy-related genes and with mimics or inhibitors of autophagy-associated miRNAs. The infection rates of BMDM were determined by light microscopy after a parasite-specific staining. Results The experiments demonstrated autophagy induction in BMDM after in vitro infection with L. m.. The results suggested a putative MTOR phosphorylation-dependent counteracting mechanism in the early infection phase and indicated that intracellular amastigotes were cleared by autophagy in BMDM in the late infection phase. Transcriptomic analyses and specific downregulation of protein expression with siRNAs suggested there is an association between the infection-specific over expression of BNIP3, as well as CTSE, and the autophagic activity of BMDM. Transfection with mimics of mmu-miR-101c and mmu-miR-129-5p, as well as with an inhibitor of mmu-miR-210-5p, demonstrated direct effects of the respective miRNAs on parasite clearance in L. m.-infected BMDM. Furthermore, Affymetrix® chip analyses revealed a complex autophagy-related RNA network consisting of differentially expressed mRNAs and miRNAs in BMDM, which indicates high glycolytic and inflammatory activity in the host macrophages. Conclusions Autophagy in L. m.-infected host macrophages is a highly regulated cellular process at both the RNA level and the protein level. Autophagy has the potential to clear parasites from the host. The results obtained from experiments with murine host macrophages could be translated in the future to develop innovative and therapeutic antileishmanial strategies for human patients.}, language = {en} } @article{FritzVanselowSaueretal.2015, author = {Fritz, Melanie and Vanselow, Jens and Sauer, Nadja and Lamer, Stephanie and Goos, Carina and Siegel, T. Nicolai and Subota, Ines and Schlosser, Andreas and Carrington, Mark and Kramer, Susanne}, title = {Novel insights into RNP granules by employing the trypanosome's microtubule skeleton as a molecular sieve}, series = {Nucleic Acids Research}, journal = {Nucleic Acids Research}, doi = {10.1093/nar/gkv731}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-126180}, year = {2015}, abstract = {RNP granules are ribonucleoprotein assemblies that regulate the post-transcriptional fate of mRNAs in all eukaryotes. Their exact function remains poorly understood, one reason for this is that RNP granule purification has not yet been achieved. We have exploited a unique feature of trypanosomes to prepare a cellular fraction highly enriched in starvation stress granules. First, granules remain trapped within the cage-like, subpellicular microtubule array of the trypanosome cytoskeleton while soluble proteins are washed away. Second, the microtubules are depolymerized and the granules are released. RNA sequencing combined with single molecule mRNA FISH identified the short and highly abundant mRNAs encoding ribosomal mRNAs as being excluded from granules. By mass spectrometry we have identified 463 stress granule candidate proteins. For 17/49 proteins tested by eYFP tagging we have confirmed the localization to granules, including one phosphatase, one methyltransferase and two proteins with a function in trypanosome life-cycle regulation. The novel method presented here enables the unbiased identification of novel RNP granule components, paving the way towards an understanding of RNP granule function.}, language = {en} } @article{GageikBenzMontenegro2015, author = {Gageik, Nils and Benz, Paul and Montenegro, Sergio}, title = {Obstacle Detection and Collision Avoidance for a UAV with Complementary Low-Cost Sensors}, series = {IEEE Access}, volume = {3}, journal = {IEEE Access}, doi = {10.1109/ACCESS.2015.2432455}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-125481}, pages = {599 - 609}, year = {2015}, abstract = {This paper demonstrates an innovative and simple solution for obstacle detection and collision avoidance of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) optimized for and evaluated with quadrotors. The sensors exploited in this paper are low-cost ultrasonic and infrared range finders, which are much cheaper though noisier than more expensive sensors such as laser scanners. This needs to be taken into consideration for the design, implementation, and parametrization of the signal processing and control algorithm for such a system, which is the topic of this paper. For improved data fusion, inertial and optical flow sensors are used as a distance derivative for reference. As a result, a UAV is capable of distance controlled collision avoidance, which is more complex and powerful than comparable simple solutions. At the same time, the solution remains simple with a low computational burden. Thus, memory and time-consuming simultaneous localization and mapping is not required for collision avoidance.}, language = {en} } @article{GassenmaierPetritschKunzetal.2015, author = {Gassenmaier, Tobias and Petritsch, Bernhard and Kunz, Andreas S. and Gkaniatsas, Spyridon and Gaudron, Philipp D. and Weidemann, Frank and Nordbeck, Peter and Beer, Meinrad}, title = {Long term evolution of MRI characteristics in a case of atypical left lateral wall hypertrophic cardiomyopathy}, series = {World Journal of Cardiology}, volume = {7}, journal = {World Journal of Cardiology}, number = {6}, doi = {10.4330/wjc.v7.i6.357}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-124934}, pages = {357-360}, year = {2015}, abstract = {We are reporting a long-time magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) follow-up in a rare case of cardiac left lateral wall hypertrophy. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common genetic cardiovascular disorder and a significant cause of sudden cardiac death. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging can be a valuable tool for assessment of detailed information on size, localization, and tissue characteristics of hypertrophied myocardium. However, there is still little knowledge of long-term evolution of HCM as visualized by magnetic resonance imaging. Recently, our group reported a case of left lateral wall HCM as a rare variant of the more common forms, such as septal HCM, or apical HCM. As we now retrieved an old cardiac MRI acquired in this patient more than 20 years ago, we are able to provide the thrilling experience of an ultra-long MRI follow-up presentation in this rare case of left lateral wall hypertrophy. Furthermore, this case outlines the tremendous improvements in imaging quality within the last two decades of CMR imaging.}, language = {en} } @article{GlaserSchultheisMolletal.2015, author = {Glaser, Jan and Schultheis, Martina and Moll, Heidrun and Hazra, Banasri and Holzgrabe, Ulrike}, title = {Antileishmanial and Cytotoxic Compounds from Valeriana wallichii and Identification of a Novel Nepetolactone Derivative}, series = {Molecules}, volume = {20}, journal = {Molecules}, number = {4}, doi = {10.3390/molecules20045740}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-125320}, pages = {5740-5753}, year = {2015}, abstract = {The chloroform extract of Valeriana wallichii (V. wallichii) rhizomes was investigated to elucidate the structures responsible for reported antileishmanial activity. Besides bornyl caffeate (1, already been reported by us previously), bioassay-guided fractionation resulted in two additional cinnamic acid derivatives 2-3 with moderate leishmanicidal activity. The structure of a novel nepetolactone derivative 4 having a cinnamic acid moiety was elucidated by means of spectral analysis. To the best of our knowledge villoside aglycone (5) was isolated from this plant for the first time. The bioassay-guided fractionation yielded two new (compounds 6-7) and two known valtrates (compounds 8-9) with leishmanicidal potential against Leishmania major (L. major) promastigotes. In addition, β-bisabolol (10), α-kessyl alcohol (11), valeranone (12), bornyl isovalerate (13) and linarin-2-O-methylbutyrate (14) were identified. This is the first report on the isolation of 4'-demethylpodophyllotoxin (15), podophyllotoxin (16) and pinoresinol (17) in V. wallichii. In total thirteen known and four new compounds were identified from the extract and their cytotoxic and antileishmanial properties were evaluated.}, language = {en} } @article{GlaserSchurigtSuzukietal.2015, author = {Glaser, Jan and Schurigt, Uta and Suzuki, Brian M. and Caffrey, Connor R. and Holzgrabe, Ulrike}, title = {Anti-Schistosomal Activity of Cinnamic Acid Esters: Eugenyl}, series = {Molecules}, volume = {20}, journal = {Molecules}, doi = {10.3390/molecules200610873}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-125712}, pages = {10873-10883}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Bornyl caffeate (1) was previously isolated by us from Valeriana (V.) wallichii rhizomes and identified as an anti-leishmanial substance. Here, we screened a small compound library of synthesized derivatives 1-30 for activity against schistosomula of Schistosoma (S.) mansoni. Compound 1 did not show any anti-schistosomal activity. However, strong phenotypic changes, including the formation of vacuoles, degeneration and death were observed after in vitro treatment with compounds 23 (thymyl cinnamate) and 27 (eugenyl cinnamate). Electron microscopy analysis of the induced vacuoles in the dying parasites suggests that 23 and 27 interfere with autophagy.}, language = {en} } @article{GuptaKupperRatzkaetal.2015, author = {Gupta, Shishir K. and Kupper, Maria and Ratzka, Carolin and Feldhaar, Heike and Vilcinskas, Andreas and Gross, Roy and Dandekar, Thomas and F{\"o}rster, Frank}, title = {Scrutinizing the immune defence inventory of Camponotus floridanus applying total transcriptome sequencing}, series = {BMC Genomics}, volume = {16}, journal = {BMC Genomics}, number = {540}, doi = {10.1186/s12864-015-1748-1}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-125279}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Background Defence mechanisms of organisms are shaped by their lifestyle, environment and pathogen pressure. Carpenter ants are social insects which live in huge colonies comprising genetically closely related individuals in high densities within nests. This lifestyle potentially facilitates the rapid spread of pathogens between individuals. In concert with their innate immune system, social insects may apply external immune defences to manipulate the microbial community among individuals and within nests. Additionally, carpenter ants carry a mutualistic intracellular and obligate endosymbiotic bacterium, possibly maintained and regulated by the innate immune system. Thus, different selective forces could shape internal immune defences of Camponotus floridanus. Results The immune gene repertoire of C. floridanus was investigated by re-evaluating its genome sequence combined with a full transcriptome analysis of immune challenged and control animals using Illumina sequencing. The genome was re-annotated by mapping transcriptome reads and masking repeats. A total of 978 protein sequences were characterised further by annotating functional domains, leading to a change in their original annotation regarding function and domain composition in about 8 \% of all proteins. Based on homology analysis with key components of major immune pathways of insects, the C. floridanus immune-related genes were compared to those of Drosophila melanogaster, Apis mellifera, and other hymenoptera. This analysis revealed that overall the immune system of carpenter ants comprises many components found in these insects. In addition, several C. floridanus specific genes of yet unknown functions but which are strongly induced after immune challenge were discovered. In contrast to solitary insects like Drosophila or the hymenopteran Nasonia vitripennis, the number of genes encoding pattern recognition receptors specific for bacterial peptidoglycan (PGN) and a variety of known antimicrobial peptide (AMP) genes is lower in C. floridanus. The comparative analysis of gene expression post immune-challenge in different developmental stages of C. floridanus suggests a stronger induction of immune gene expression in larvae in comparison to adults. Conclusions The comparison of the immune system of C. floridanus with that of other insects revealed the presence of a broad immune repertoire. However, the relatively low number of PGN recognition proteins and AMPs, the identification of Camponotus specific putative immune genes, and stage specific differences in immune gene regulation reflects Camponotus specific evolution including adaptations to its lifestyle.}, language = {en} }