@article{SuchotzkiKakavandGamer2019,
  author    = {Suchotzki, Kristina and Kakavand, Aileen and Gamer, Matthias},
  title     = {Validity of the reaction time concealed information test in a prison sample},
  series = {Frontiers in Psychiatry},
  volume    = {9},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Psychiatry},
  number    = {745},
  doi       = {10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00745},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-177714},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {Detecting whether a suspect possesses incriminating (e.g., crime-related) information can provide valuable decision aids in court. To this means, the Concealed Information Test (CIT) has been developed and is currently applied on a regular basis in Japan. But whereas research has revealed a high validity of the CIT in student and normal populations, research investigating its validity in forensic samples in scarce. This applies even more to the reaction time-based CIT (RT-CIT), where no such research is available so far. The current study tested the application of the RT-CIT for an imaginary mock crime scenario both in a sample of prisoners (n = 27) and a matched control group (n = 25). Results revealed a high validity of the RT-CIT for discriminating between crime-related and crime-unrelated information, visible in medium to very high effect sizes for error rates and reaction times. Interestingly, in accordance with theories that criminal offenders may have worse response inhibition capacities and that response inhibition plays a crucial role in the RT-CIT, CIT-effects in the error rates were even elevated in the prisoners compared to the control group. No support for this hypothesis could, however, be found in reaction time CIT-effects. Also, performance in a standard Stroop task, that was conducted to measure executive functioning, did not differ between both groups and no correlation was found between Stroop task performance and performance in the RT-CIT. Despite frequently raised concerns that the RT-CIT may not be applicable in non-student and forensic populations, our results thereby do suggest that such a use may be possible and that effects seem to be quite large. Future research should build up on these findings by increasing the realism of the crime and interrogation situation and by further investigating the replicability and the theoretical substantiation of increased effects in non-student and forensic samples.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SuchotzkiGamer2018,
  author    = {Suchotzki, Kristina and Gamer, Matthias},
  title     = {Alcohol facilitates detection of concealed identity information},
  series = {Scientific Reports},
  volume    = {8},
  journal   = {Scientific Reports},
  number    = {7825},
  doi       = {10.1038/s41598-018-25811-z},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-176662},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {The Concealed Information Test (CIT) is a well-validated means to detect whether someone possesses certain (e.g., crime-relevant) information. The current study investigated whether alcohol intoxication during CIT administration influences reaction time (RT) CIT-effects. Two opposing predictions can be made. First, by decreasing attention to critical information, alcohol intoxication could diminish CIT-effects. Second, by hampering the inhibition of truthful responses, alcohol intoxication could increase CIT-effects. A correlational field design was employed. Participants (n = 42) were recruited and tested at a bar, where alcohol consumption was voluntary and incidental. Participants completed a CIT, in which they were instructed to hide knowledge of their true identity. BAC was estimated via breath alcohol ratio. Results revealed that higher BAC levels were correlated with higher CIT-effects. Our results demonstrate that robust CIT effects can be obtained even when testing conditions differ from typical laboratory settings and strengthen the idea that response inhibition contributes to the RT-CIT effect.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{RothSteffensVignoles2018,
  author    = {Roth, Jenny and Steffens, Melanie C. and Vignoles, Vivian L.},
  title     = {Group membership, group change, and intergroup attitudes: a recategorization model based on cognitive consistency principles},
  series = {Frontiers in Psychology},
  volume    = {9},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Psychology},
  number    = {479},
  doi       = {10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00479},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-175569},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {The present article introduces a model based on cognitive consistency principles to predict how new identities become integrated into the self-concept, with consequences for intergroup attitudes. The model specifies four concepts (self-concept, stereotypes, identification, and group compatibility) as associative connections. The model builds on two cognitive principles, balance-congruity and imbalance-dissonance, to predict identification with social groups that people currently belong to, belonged to in the past, or newly belong to. More precisely, the model suggests that the relative strength of self-group associations (i.e., identification) depends in part on the (in)compatibility of the different social groups. Combining insights into cognitive representation of knowledge, intergroup bias, and explicit/implicit attitude change, we further derive predictions for intergroup attitudes. We suggest that intergroup attitudes alter depending on the relative associative strength between the social groups and the self, which in turn is determined by the (in)compatibility between social groups. This model unifies existing models on the integration of social identities into the self-concept by suggesting that basic cognitive mechanisms play an important role in facilitating or hindering identity integration and thus contribute to reducing or increasing intergroup bias.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{RodriguesNagowskiMusseletal.2018,
  author    = {Rodrigues, Johannes and Nagowski, Natalie and Mussel, Patrick and Hewig, Johannes},
  title     = {Altruistic punishment is connected to trait anger, not trait altruism, if compensation is available},
  series = {Heliyon},
  volume    = {4},
  journal   = {Heliyon},
  number    = {11},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00962},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-177669},
  pages     = {e00962},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Altruistic punishment and altruistic compensation are important concepts that are used to investigate altruism. However, altruistic punishment has been found to be correlated with anger. We were interested whether altruistic punishment and altruistic compensation are both driven by trait altruism and trait anger or whether the influence of those two traits is more specific to one of the behavioral options. We found that if the participants were able to apply altruistic compensation and altruistic punishment together in one paradigm, trait anger only predicts altruistic punishment and trait altruism only predicts altruistic compensation. Interestingly, these relations are disguised in classical altruistic punishment and altruistic compensation paradigms where participants can either only punish or compensate. Hence altruistic punishment and altruistic compensation paradigms should be merged together if one is interested in trait altruism without the confounding influence of trait anger.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{PfisterSchwarz2018,
  author    = {Pfister, Roland and Schwarz, Katharina A.},
  title     = {Should we pre-date the beginning of scientific psychology to 1787?},
  series = {Frontiers in Psychology},
  volume    = {9},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Psychology},
  number    = {2481},
  doi       = {10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02481},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-177641},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {No abstract available.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KrishnaPeter2018,
  author    = {Krishna, Anand and Peter, Sebastian M.},
  title     = {Questionable research practices in student final theses - prevalence, attitudes, and the role of the supervisor's perceived attitudes},
  series = {PLoS ONE},
  volume    = {13},
  journal   = {PLoS ONE},
  number    = {8},
  doi       = {10.1371/journal.pone.0203470},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-177296},
  pages     = {e0203470},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Although questionable research practices (QRPs) and p-hacking have received attention in recent years, little research has focused on their prevalence and acceptance in students. Students are the researchers of the future and will represent the field in the future. Therefore, they should not be learning to use and accept QRPs, which would reduce their ability to produce and evaluate meaningful research. 207 psychology students and fresh graduates provided self-report data on the prevalence and predictors of QRPs. Attitudes towards QRPs, belief that significant results constitute better science or lead to better grades, motivation, and stress levels were predictors. Furthermore, we assessed perceived supervisor attitudes towards QRPs as an important predictive factor. The results were in line with estimates of QRP prevalence from academia. The best predictor of QRP use was students' QRP attitudes. Perceived supervisor attitudes exerted both a direct and indirect effect via student attitudes. Motivation to write a good thesis was a protective factor, whereas stress had no effect. Students in this sample did not subscribe to beliefs that significant results were better for science or their grades. Such beliefs further did not impact QRP attitudes or use in this sample. Finally, students engaged in more QRPs pertaining to reporting and analysis than those pertaining to study design. We conclude that supervisors have an important function in shaping students' attitudes towards QRPs and can improve their research practices by motivating them well. Furthermore, this research provides some impetus towards identifying predictors of QRP use in academia.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{GrossheinrichFirkSchulteRuetheretal.2018,
  author    = {Grossheinrich, Nicola and Firk, Christine and Schulte-R{\"u}ther, Martin and von Leupoldt, Andreas and Konrad, Kerstin and Huestegge, Lynn},
  title     = {Looking while unhappy: a mood-congruent attention bias toward sad adult faces in children},
  series = {Frontiers in Psychology},
  volume    = {9},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Psychology},
  number    = {2577},
  doi       = {10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02577},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-177688},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {A negative mood-congruent attention bias has been consistently observed, for example, in clinical studies on major depression. This bias is assumed to be dysfunctional in that it supports maintaining a sad mood, whereas a potentially adaptive role has largely been neglected. Previous experiments involving sad mood induction techniques found a negative mood-congruent attention bias specifically for young individuals, explained by an adaptive need for information transfer in the service of mood regulation. In the present study we investigated the attentional bias in typically developing children (aged 6-12 years) when happy and sad moods were induced. Crucially, we manipulated the age (adult vs. child) of the displayed pairs of facial expressions depicting sadness, anger, fear and happiness. The results indicate that sad children indeed exhibited a mood specific attention bias toward sad facial expressions. Additionally, this bias was more pronounced for adult faces. Results are discussed in the context of an information gain which should be stronger when looking at adult faces due to their more expansive life experience. These findings bear implications for both research methods and future interventions.},
  language  = {en}
}