@phdthesis{Campion2015,
  author    = {Campion, Marie-Genevi{\`e}ve},
  title     = {Competition between Originators and Generics: Public Regulation and Incentives to Innovate},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-111701},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {The aim of this thesis is to examine the competition patterns that exist between originators and generics by focusing on the articulations between regulation and incentives to innovate. Once the characteristics of regulation in pharmaceutical markets is reviewed in the first chapter and an analysis of some current challenges related to cost-containment measures and innovation issues is performed, then in the second chapter, an empirical study is performed to investigate substitution patterns. Based on the EC´s merger decisions in the pharmaceutical sector from 1989 to 2011, this study stresses the key criteria to define the scope of the relevant product market based on substitution patterns and shows the trend towards a narrower market in time. Chapters three and four aim to analyse in depth two widespread measures, the internal reference pricing system in off-patent markets, and risk-sharing schemes in patent-protected markets. By taking into account informational advantages of originators over generics, the third chapter shows the extent to which the implementation of a reference price for off-patent markets can contribute in promoting innovation. Finally, in the fourth chapter, the modeling of risk-sharing schemes explains how such schemes can help in solving moral hazard and adverse selection issues by continuously giving pharmaceutical companies incentives to innovate and supplying medicinal products of a higher quality.},
  subject      = {Pharmazeutische Industrie},
  language  = {en}
}
@techreport{Lauth2015,
  type      = {Working Paper},
  author    = {Lauth, Hans-Joachim},
  title     = {The Matrix of Democracy: A Three-Dimensional Approach to Measuring the Quality of Democracy and Regime Transformations},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-10966},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-109665},
  pages     = {29},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {The article presents a proposal for the assessment of the quality of democracy. After elaborating on the methodological strategy, a definition of democracy is proposed, which entails the construction of the matrix of democracy based on three dimensions (political freedom, political equality, and political and judicial control) and five institutions. The methodological application of this measuring tool is then explained. This conception guarantees an appropriate measurement in different cultural contexts, enables the characterization of democratic profiles, and allows for the identification of deficiencies in democracies. Before the conclusion, three examples of the measurement (USA, Russia, and Italy) illustrate how the matrix works.},
  subject      = {Vergleichende politische Wissenschaft},
  language  = {en}
}
@techreport{Kleinsorg2017,
  type      = {Working Paper},
  author    = {Kleinsorg, Lea Kristin},
  title     = {Die Entwicklung der Staatlichkeit der Republik Gambia w{\"a}hrend Yahya Jammehs Amtszeit},
  issn      = {2199-4315},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-15450},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-154500},
  pages     = {71},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Die westafrikanische Republik Gambia wurde zwei Jahrzehnte lang von Yayha Jammeh regiert. 1994 putschte er sich an die Macht und behielt diese vier Legislaturperioden lang, bis er im Dezember 2016 die Pr{\"a}sidentschaftswahlen {\"u}berraschend gegen seinen Konkurrenten Adama Barrow verlor. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht die Entwicklung der Staatlichkeit der Republik Gambia w{\"a}hrend Jammehs Amtszeit. F{\"u}r den Zeitraum seit der Staatsgr{\"u}ndung im Jahr 1965 bis zur ersten Erhebung durch den US-amerikanischen Think Tank Fund for Peace 2006 gibt es keine umfassende Untersuchung {\"u}ber den Zustand der gambischen Staatlichkeit. Durch die Anwendung der Theorie fragiler Staatlichkeit nach Ulrich Schneckener soll mit der vorliegenden Arbeit ein Teil dieser L{\"u}cke geschlossen werden. Dazu werden f{\"u}r jede der vier Legislaturperioden Jammehs die von Schneckener benannten Staatsfunktionen (Sicherheit, Legitimit{\"a}t/Rechtsstaatlichkeit, Wohlfahrt) einzeln untersucht, um anschließend den Zustand der Staatlichkeit Gambias einzuordnen. Dazu werden sowohl quantitative als auch qualitative Daten einschließlich Experteninterviews verwendet. Anhand eines Vergleichs der einzelnen Typologisierungen ist es m{\"o}glich, abschließend ein Gesamtbild der Entwicklung der gambischen Staatlichkeit w{\"a}hrend Jammehs Amtszeit zu zeichnen.},
  subject      = {Gambia},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{LauthSchlenkrich2018,
  author    = {Lauth, Hans-Joachim and Schlenkrich, Oliver},
  title     = {Making Trade-Offs Visible: Theoretical and Methodological Considerations about the Relationship between Dimensions and Institutions of Democracy and Empirical Findings},
  series = {Politics and Governance},
  volume    = {6},
  journal   = {Politics and Governance},
  number    = {1},
  doi       = {10.17645/pag.v6i1.1200},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-159588},
  pages     = {78-91},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Whereas the measurement of the quality of democracy focused on the rough differentiation of democracies and autocracies in the beginning (e.g. Vanhanen, Polity, Freedom House), the focal point of newer instruments is the assessment of the quality of established democracies. In this context, tensions resp. trade-offs between dimensions of democracy are discussed as well (e.g. Democracy Barometer, Varieties of Democracy). However, these approaches lack a systematic discussion of trade-offs and they are not able to show trade-offs empirically. We address this research desideratum in a three-step process: Firstly, we propose a new conceptual approach, which distinguishes between two different modes of relationships between dimensions: mutual reinforcing effects and a give-and-take relationship (trade-offs) between dimensions. By introducing our measurement tool, Democracy Matrix, we finally locate mutually reinforcing effects as well as trade-offs. Secondly, we provide a new methodological approach to measure trade-offs. While one measuring strategy captures the mutual reinforcing effects, the other strategy employs indicators, which serve to gauge trade-offs. Thirdly, we demonstrate empirical findings of our measurement drawing on the Varieties of Democracy dataset. Incorporating trade-offs into the measurement enables us to identify various profiles of democracy (libertarian, egalitarian and control-focused democracy) via the quality of its dimensions.},
  language  = {en}
}
@techreport{StawskiLauth2024,
  type      = {Working Paper},
  author    = {Stawski, Theresa Paola and Lauth, Hans-Joachim},
  title     = {The Stateness Index (StIx) - Conceptual Design and Empirical Results},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-34761},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-347616},
  pages     = {32},
  year      = {2024},
  abstract  = {Exploring and explaining diversity and patterns of stateness is crucial for understanding causes of efficiency, duration, or the collapse of a state. The new Stateness Index (StIx) contributes to the conceptual and analytical debate on stateness and state fragility. StIx is a tool for measuring stateness and state quality since 1950 that includes country-ranking through aggregated and disaggregated data to advance performance comparison and policy analysis. This article first sums up the main theoretical aspects, followed by descriptive results.},
  subject      = {Begrenzte Staatlichkeit},
  language  = {en}
}