@article{UereyenBachoferKuenzer2022,
  author    = {Uereyen, Soner and Bachofer, Felix and Kuenzer, Claudia},
  title     = {A framework for multivariate analysis of land surface dynamics and driving variables — a case study for Indo-Gangetic river basins},
  series = {Remote Sensing},
  volume    = {14},
  journal   = {Remote Sensing},
  number    = {1},
  issn      = {2072-4292},
  doi       = {10.3390/rs14010197},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-255295},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {The analysis of the Earth system and interactions among its spheres is increasingly important to improve the understanding of global environmental change. In this regard, Earth observation (EO) is a valuable tool for monitoring of long term changes over the land surface and its features. Although investigations commonly study environmental change by means of a single EO-based land surface variable, a joint exploitation of multivariate land surface variables covering several spheres is still rarely performed. In this regard, we present a novel methodological framework for both, the automated processing of multisource time series to generate a unified multivariate feature space, as well as the application of statistical time series analysis techniques to quantify land surface change and driving variables. In particular, we unify multivariate time series over the last two decades including vegetation greenness, surface water area, snow cover area, and climatic, as well as hydrological variables. Furthermore, the statistical time series analyses include quantification of trends, changes in seasonality, and evaluation of drivers using the recently proposed causal discovery algorithm Peter and Clark Momentary Conditional Independence (PCMCI). We demonstrate the functionality of our methodological framework using Indo-Gangetic river basins in South Asia as a case study. The time series analyses reveal increasing trends in vegetation greenness being largely dependent on water availability, decreasing trends in snow cover area being mostly negatively coupled to temperature, and trends of surface water area to be spatially heterogeneous and linked to various driving variables. Overall, the obtained results highlight the value and suitability of this methodological framework with respect to global climate change research, enabling multivariate time series preparation, derivation of detailed information on significant trends and seasonality, as well as detection of causal links with minimal user intervention. This study is the first to use multivariate time series including several EO-based variables to analyze land surface dynamics over the last two decades using the causal discovery algorithm PCMCI.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HaHuthBachoferetal.2022,
  author    = {Ha, Tuyen V. and Huth, Juliane and Bachofer, Felix and Kuenzer, Claudia},
  title     = {A review of Earth observation-based drought studies in Southeast Asia},
  series = {Remote Sensing},
  volume    = {14},
  journal   = {Remote Sensing},
  number    = {15},
  issn      = {2072-4292},
  doi       = {10.3390/rs14153763},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-286258},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Drought is a recurring natural climatic hazard event over terrestrial land; it poses devastating threats to human health, the economy, and the environment. Given the increasing climate crisis, it is likely that extreme drought phenomena will become more frequent, and their impacts will probably be more devastating. Drought observations from space, therefore, play a key role in dissimilating timely and accurate information to support early warning drought management and mitigation planning, particularly in sparse in-situ data regions. In this paper, we reviewed drought-related studies based on Earth observation (EO) products in Southeast Asia between 2000 and 2021. The results of this review indicated that drought publications in the region are on the increase, with a majority (70\%) of the studies being undertaken in Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia and Indonesia. These countries also accounted for nearly 97\% of the economic losses due to drought extremes. Vegetation indices from multispectral optical remote sensing sensors remained a primary source of data for drought monitoring in the region. Many studies (~21\%) did not provide accuracy assessment on drought mapping products, while precipitation was the main data source for validation. We observed a positive association between spatial extent and spatial resolution, suggesting that nearly 81\% of the articles focused on the local and national scales. Although there was an increase in drought research interest in the region, challenges remain regarding large-area and long time-series drought measurements, the combined drought approach, machine learning-based drought prediction, and the integration of multi-sensor remote sensing products (e.g., Landsat and Sentinel-2). Satellite EO data could be a substantial part of the future efforts that are necessary for mitigating drought-related challenges, ensuring food security, establishing a more sustainable economy, and the preservation of the natural environment in the region.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AyalaCarrilloFarfanCardenasNielsenetal.2022,
  author    = {Ayala-Carrillo, Mariana and Farf{\´a}n, Michelle and C{\´a}rdenas-Nielsen, Anah{\´i} and Lemoine-Rodr{\´i}guez, Richard},
  title     = {Are wildfires in the wildland-urban interface increasing temperatures? A land surface temperature assessment in a semi-arid Mexican city},
  series = {Land},
  volume    = {11},
  journal   = {Land},
  number    = {12},
  issn      = {2073-445X},
  doi       = {10.3390/land11122105},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-297308},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {High rates of land conversion due to urbanization are causing fragmented and dispersed spatial patterns in the wildland-urban interface (WUI) worldwide. The occurrence of anthropogenic fires in the WUI represents an important environmental and social issue, threatening not only vegetated areas but also periurban inhabitants, as is the case in many Latin American cities. However, research has not focused on the dynamics of the local climate in the WUI. This study analyzes whether wildfires contribute to the increase in land surface temperature (LST) in the WUI of the metropolitan area of the city of Guanajuato (MACG), a semi-arid Mexican city. We estimated the pre- and post-fire LST for 2018-2021. Spatial clusters of high LST were detected using hot spot analysis and examined using ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc statistical tests to assess whether LST is related to the spatial distribution of wildfires during our study period. Our results indicate that the areas where the wildfires occurred, and their surroundings, show higher LST. This has negative implications for the local ecosystem and human population, which lacks adequate infrastructure and services to cope with the effects of rising temperatures. This is the first study assessing the increase in LST caused by wildfires in a WUI zone in Mexico.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{YangYaoLietal.2022,
  author    = {Yang, Xuting and Yao, Wanqiang and Li, Pengfei and Hu, Jinfei and Latifi, Hooman and Kang, Li and Wang, Ningjing and Zhang, Dingming},
  title     = {Changes of SOC content in China's Shendong coal mining area during 1990-2020 investigated using remote sensing techniques},
  series = {Sustainability},
  volume    = {14},
  journal   = {Sustainability},
  number    = {12},
  issn      = {2071-1050},
  doi       = {10.3390/su14127374},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-278939},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Coal mining, an important human activity, disturbs soil organic carbon (SOC) accumulation and decomposition, eventually affecting terrestrial carbon cycling and the sustainability of human society. However, changes of SOC content and their relation with influential factors in coal mining areas remained unclear. In the study, predictive models of SOC content were developed based on field sampling and Landsat images for different land-use types (grassland, forest, farmland, and bare land) of the largest coal mining area in China (i.e., Shendong). The established models were employed to estimate SOC content across the Shendong mining area during 1990-2020, followed by an investigation into the impacts of climate change and human disturbance on SOC content by a Geo-detector. Results showed that the models produced satisfactory results (R\(^2\) > 0.69, p < 0.05), demonstrating that SOC content over a large coal mining area can be effectively assessed using remote sensing techniques. Results revealed that average SOC content in the study area rose from 5.67 gC·kg\(^{-1}\) in 1990 to 9.23 gC·kg\(^{-1}\) in 2010 and then declined to 5.31 gC·Kg\(^{-1}\) in 2020. This could be attributed to the interaction between the disturbance of soil caused by coal mining and the improvement of eco-environment by land reclamation. Spatially, the SOC content of farmland was the highest, followed by grassland, and that of bare land was the lowest. SOC accumulation was inhibited by coal mining activities, with the effect of high-intensity mining being lower than that of moderate- and low-intensity mining activities. Land use was found to be the strongest individual influencing factor for SOC content changes, while the interaction between vegetation coverage and precipitation exerted the most significant influence on the variability of SOC content. Furthermore, the influence of mining intensity combined with precipitation was 10 times higher than that of mining intensity alone.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KleemannZamoraVillacisChiluisaetal.2022,
  author    = {Kleemann, Janina and Zamora, Camilo and Villacis-Chiluisa, Alexandra Belen and Cuenca, Pablo and Koo, Hongmi and Noh, Jin Kyoung and F{\"u}rst, Christine and Thiel, Michael},
  title     = {Deforestation in continental Ecuador with a focus on protected areas},
  series = {Land},
  volume    = {11},
  journal   = {Land},
  number    = {2},
  issn      = {2073-445X},
  doi       = {10.3390/land11020268},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-262078},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Forest conservation is of particular concern in tropical regions where a large refuge of biodiversity is still existing. These areas are threatened by deforestation, forest degradation and fragmentation. Especially, pressures of anthropogenic activities adjacent to these areas significantly influence conservation effectiveness. Ecuador was chosen as study area since it is a globally relevant center of forest ecosystems and biodiversity. We identified hotspots of deforestation on the national level of continental Ecuador between 1990 and 2018, analyzed the most significant drivers of deforestation on national and biome level (the Coast, the Andes, The Amazon) as well as inside protected areas in Ecuador by using multiple regression analysis. We separated the national system of protected areas (SNAP) into higher and lower protection levels. Besides SNAP, we also considered Biosphere Reserves (BRs) and Ramsar sites. In addition, we investigated the rates and spatial patterns of deforestation in protected areas and buffer zones (5 km and 10 km outwards the protected area boundaries) using landscape metrics. Between 1990 and 2018, approximately 4\% of the accumulated deforestation occurred within the boundaries of SNAP, and up to 25.5\% in buffer zones. The highest rates of deforestation have been found in the 5 km buffer zone around the protected areas with the highest protection level. Protected areas and their buffer zones with higher protection status were identified as the most deforested areas among SNAP. BRs had the highest deforestation rates among all protected areas but most of these areas just became BRs after the year 2000. The most important driver of deforestation is agriculture. Other relevant drivers differ between the biomes. The results suggest that the SNAP is generally effective to prevent deforestation within their protection boundaries. However, deforestation around protected areas can undermine conservation strategies to sustain biodiversity. Actions to address such dynamics and patterns of deforestation and forest fragmentation, and developing conservation strategies of their landscape context are urgently needed especially in the buffer zones of areas with the highest protection status.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{RoeschPlank2022,
  author    = {R{\"o}sch, Moritz and Plank, Simon},
  title     = {Detailed mapping of lava and ash deposits at Indonesian volcanoes by means of VHR PlanetScope change detection},
  series = {Remote Sensing},
  volume    = {14},
  journal   = {Remote Sensing},
  number    = {5},
  issn      = {2072-4292},
  doi       = {10.3390/rs14051168},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-262232},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Mapping of lava flows in unvegetated areas of active volcanoes using optical satellite data is challenging due to spectral similarities of volcanic deposits and the surrounding background. Using very high-resolution PlanetScope data, this study introduces a novel object-oriented classification approach for mapping lava flows in both vegetated and unvegetated areas during several eruptive phases of three Indonesian volcanoes (Karangetang 2018/2019, Agung 2017, Krakatau 2018/2019). For this, change detection analysis based on PlanetScope imagery for mapping loss of vegetation due to volcanic activity (e.g., lava flows) is combined with the analysis of changes in texture and brightness, with hydrological runoff modelling and with analysis of thermal anomalies derived from Sentinel-2 or Landsat-8. Qualitative comparison of the mapped lava flows showed good agreement with multispectral false color time series (Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8). Reports of the Global Volcanism Program support the findings, indicating the developed lava mapping approach produces valuable results for monitoring volcanic hazards. Despite the lack of bands in infrared wavelengths, PlanetScope proves beneficial for the assessment of risk and near-real-time monitoring of active volcanoes due to its high spatial (3 m) and temporal resolution (mapping of all subaerial volcanoes on a daily basis).},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AppelHardaker2022,
  author    = {Appel, Alexandra and Hardaker, Sina},
  title     = {Einzelhandel als Katalysator f{\"u}r nachhaltige urbane Radlogistik? - W{\"u}Livery, ein Fallbeispiel aus W{\"u}rzburg},
  series = {Standort},
  volume    = {46},
  journal   = {Standort},
  number    = {1},
  issn      = {1432-220X},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00548-021-00758-y},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-268437},
  pages     = {9-15},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Die Covid-19-Pandemie gilt in vielen gesellschaftlichen Teilbereichen als Beschleuniger f{\"u}r Transformationsprozesse. Auch im Bereich der Organisation urbaner Logistik und Einzelhandelslandschaften etablieren sich neue Akteur*innen und Funktionen. Logistiker*innen integrieren lokale Onlinemarktpl{\"a}tze in ihre Profile und der station{\"a}re Einzelhandel generiert Wettbewerbsf{\"a}higkeit gegen{\"u}ber großen Onlineh{\"a}ndler*innen {\"u}ber die Nutzung lokaler Radlogistiknetzwerke, mittels derer Lieferungen noch am Tag der Bestellung (Same-Day-Delivery) verteilt werden k{\"o}nnen. Damit leisten die involvierten Akteur*innen potenziell auch einen Beitrag zur Nachhaltigkeitstransformation im Bereich urbaner Logistiksysteme. Im Fokus steht das Fallbeispiel W{\"u}Livery, ein Kooperationsprojekt des Stadtmarketingvereins, der Wirtschaftsf{\"o}rderung, Radlogistiker*innen sowie Einzelh{\"a}ndler*innen in W{\"u}rzburg, welches w{\"a}hrend des zweiten coronabedingten Lockdowns im November 2020 umgesetzt wurde. Die entstehenden Dynamiken und Organisationsformen werden auf Basis von 11 Expert*inneninterviews dargestellt und analysiert. Es kann gezeigt werden, dass st{\"a}dtische Akteur*innen grundlegende Mediator*innen f{\"u}r Transformationsprozesse darstellen und Einzelh{\"a}ndler*innen und lokale Onlinemarktpl{\"a}tze als Katalysator*innen fungieren k{\"o}nnen. Das ist auch vor dem Hintergrund planerischer und politischer Kommunikationsprozesse zur Legitimation neuer Verkehrsinfrastrukturen nutzbar, da die einzelnen Akteur*innengruppen in Austausch kommen und ein gesteigertes Bewusstsein f{\"u}r die jeweiligen Bedarfe entsteht.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{AnsahAbuKleemannetal.2022,
  author    = {Ansah, Christabel Edena and Abu, Itohan-Osa and Kleemann, Janina and Mahmoud, Mahmoud Ibrahim and Thiel, Michael},
  title     = {Environmental contamination of a biodiversity hotspot — action needed for nature conservation in the Niger Delta, Nigeria},
  series = {Sustainability},
  volume    = {14},
  journal   = {Sustainability},
  number    = {21},
  issn      = {2071-1050},
  doi       = {10.3390/su142114256},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-297214},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {The Niger Delta belongs to the largest swamp and mangrove forests in the world hosting many endemic and endangered species. Therefore, its conservation should be of highest priority. However, the Niger Delta is confronted with overexploitation, deforestation and pollution to a large extent. In particular, oil spills threaten the biodiversity, ecosystem services, and local people. Remote sensing can support the detection of spills and their potential impact when accessibility on site is difficult. We tested different vegetation indices to assess the impact of oil spills on the land cover as well as to detect accumulations (hotspots) of oil spills. We further identified which species, land cover types, and protected areas could be threatened in the Niger Delta due to oil spills. The results showed that the Enhanced Vegetation Index, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, and the Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index were more sensitive to the effects of oil spills on different vegetation cover than other tested vegetation indices. Forest cover was the most affected land-cover type and oil spills also occurred in protected areas. Threatened species are inhabiting the Niger Delta Swamp Forest and the Central African Mangroves that were mainly affected by oil spills and, therefore, strong conservation measures are needed even though security issues hamper the monitoring and control.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KacicKuenzer2022,
  author    = {Kacic, Patrick and Kuenzer, Claudia},
  title     = {Forest biodiversity monitoring based on remotely sensed spectral diversity — a review},
  series = {Remote Sensing},
  volume    = {14},
  journal   = {Remote Sensing},
  number    = {21},
  issn      = {2072-4292},
  doi       = {10.3390/rs14215363},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-290535},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Forests are essential for global environmental well-being because of their rich provision of ecosystem services and regulating factors. Global forests are under increasing pressure from climate change, resource extraction, and anthropologically-driven disturbances. The results are dramatic losses of habitats accompanied with the reduction of species diversity. There is the urgent need for forest biodiversity monitoring comprising analysis on α, β, and γ scale to identify hotspots of biodiversity. Remote sensing enables large-scale monitoring at multiple spatial and temporal resolutions. Concepts of remotely sensed spectral diversity have been identified as promising methodologies for the consistent and multi-temporal analysis of forest biodiversity. This review provides a first time focus on the three spectral diversity concepts "vegetation indices", "spectral information content", and "spectral species" for forest biodiversity monitoring based on airborne and spaceborne remote sensing. In addition, the reviewed articles are analyzed regarding the spatiotemporal distribution, remote sensing sensors, temporal scales and thematic foci. We identify multispectral sensors as primary data source which underlines the focus on optical diversity as a proxy for forest biodiversity. Moreover, there is a general conceptual focus on the analysis of spectral information content. In recent years, the spectral species concept has raised attention and has been applied to Sentinel-2 and MODIS data for the analysis from local spectral species to global spectral communities. Novel remote sensing processing capacities and the provision of complementary remote sensing data sets offer great potentials for large-scale biodiversity monitoring in the future.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Hein2022,
  author    = {Hein, Niklas},
  title     = {Gesellschaftliche Implikationen nachhaltiger Nischenakteure - auf dem Weg in eine Postwachstumsgesellschaft?},
  edition   = {1. Auflage},
  publisher = {W{\"u}rzburg University Press},
  address   = {W{\"u}rzburg},
  isbn      = {978-3-95826-178-5},
  issn      = {0510-9833},
  doi       = {10.25972/WUP-978-3-95826-179-2},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-250737},
  school      = {W{\"u}rzburg University Press},
  pages     = {VIII, 222},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Die imperiale Lebensweise westlicher Industrienationen, die sich durch ein permanentes Streben nach Wirtschaftswachstum ausdr{\"u}ckt, bringt den Planeten an die Grenzen seiner Tragf{\"a}higkeit. In den letzten Jahren wurden jedoch - best{\"a}rkt durch die Weltwirtschaftskrise 2007/08 - Alternativen zum Modell des permanenten Wachstums immer popul{\"a}rer, die sich anstatt auf {\"o}konomischen Wohlstand vermehrt auf soziale und {\"o}kologische Belange des gesellschaftlichen Zusammenlebens fokussierten. Unter dem Begriff der Postwachstumsbewegung sammelten sich Ans{\"a}tze, Ideen und Akteure, die gemeinsam f{\"u}r eine Zukunft fernab jeglicher Wachstumszw{\"a}nge und innerhalb der planetaren Grenzen k{\"a}mpfen. Vor dem Hintergrund der zunehmenden sozialen und {\"o}kologischen Herausforderungen wurden nun erstmals sozial-{\"o}kologische Nischenakteure aus drei unterschiedlichen Bereichen der Postwachstumsbewegung gemeinsam in einem Forschungsvorhaben - unter besonderer Ber{\"u}cksichtigung gesellschaftlicher, organisatorischer und territorialer Einbettungsprozesse - untersucht. Eingebettet ist diese Untersuchung in den theoretisch-konzeptionellen Ansatz der sozial-{\"o}kologischen Transformation, deren inkrementeller Wandel mithilfe der Multi-Level-Perspektive beschrieben werden kann. Die Kombination dieses spezifischen theoretisch-konzeptionellen Ansatzes und der empirischen Erhebung ist das Alleinstellungsmerkmal der vorliegenden Untersuchung. Es zeigte sich, dass alle untersuchten Nischenakteure eine deutlich progressive Unternehmungsphilosophie vertreten, die h{\"a}ufig in einer Unternehmungsorganisation mit flachen Hierarchien und konsensbasierten Entscheidungsfindungen m{\"u}ndet. Besonders gesellschaftliche Einbettungsprozesse bedingen den Erfolg oder Misserfolg der Nischenentwicklung. Organisatorische Einbettung kommt derweil vor allem im Aufbau weitreichender Netzwerkstrukturen zum Tragen, die die Innovationsf{\"a}higkeit und Stabilit{\"a}t der Nische unterst{\"u}tzen. Eine starke territoriale Einbettung steigert den lokal-regionalen Einfluss der Nischeninnovationen und generiert R{\"u}ckhalt in der Bev{\"o}lkerung.},
  subject      = {Transformation},
  language  = {de}
}