@phdthesis{Wuerflein2009,
  author    = {W{\"u}rflein, Heidi},
  title     = {Gen-Umwelt-Interaktionen f{\"u}r die Catechol-O-Methyl-Transferase und ihre Auswirkungen auf die Verhaltensantwort der emotionalen Verarbeitung},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-47576},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2009},
  abstract  = {Gen-Umwelt-Interaktionen haben einen wichtigen Stellenwert f{\"u}r das Verst{\"a}ndnis der Entstehung psychiatrischer Erkrankungen. F{\"u}r die Catechol-O-Methyltransferase (COMT)konnte k{\"u}rzlich gezeigt werden, dass diese die Gehirnaktivit{\"a}t moduliert, w{\"a}hrend der Verarberitung negativer Stimuli. F{\"u}r positive Stimuli konnte kein Effekt nachgewiesen werden. In der vorliegenden Arbeit sollte nun gepr{\"u}ft werden, ob Lebensereignisse, als ein Umweltfaktor, f{\"u}r die emotionale Verarbeitung eine Rolle spielen. Um das herauszufinden untersuchten wir 81 gesunde Probanden mittels EEG w{\"a}hrend der Darbietung positiver und negativer emotionaler Bilder. Wie erwartet moduliert COMT die EPN (early posterior negativity) f{\"u}r negative Bilder, aber nicht f{\"u}r positive. Unter Ber{\"u}cksichtigung der Lebensereignisse konnte der fehlende Effekt der COMT bei der positiven Bedingung aufgel{\"o}st werden. Eine hohe Lebensereignis-Last f{\"u}hrt dabei zu einer verminderten Gehirnaktivit{\"a}t f{\"u}r positive Stimuli, was sich aber nur f{\"u}r den Met/Met-Genotyp zeigt. Relevant scheint das vor allem f{\"u}r die Entwicklung von Depressionen zu sein, da depressive Patienten h{\"a}ufig ihre Umwelt als weniger positiv bewerten.},
  subject      = {Elektroencephalogramm},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Wuest2008,
  author    = {W{\"u}st, Simone},
  title     = {Analyse des Wirkmechanismus von Kortikosteroiden bei der Therapie der Experimentellen Autoimmunen Enzephalomyelitis, einem Tiermodell f{\"u}r Multiple Sklerose},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-32961},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2008},
  abstract  = {In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden die Mechanismen der Hochdosis-GC-Pulstherapie im Zusammenhang mit akuten Sch{\"u}ben von MS-Patienten anhand des Tiermodells der MS, der Experimentellen Autoimmunen Enzephalomyelitis (EAE), untersucht. Die EAE wurde in C57Bl/6 M{\"a}usen und diversen GR-defizienten M{\"a}usen durch Immunisierung mit Myelinoligodendrozytenglykoprotein (MOG35-55) induziert. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass die Gabe von Dexamethason (Dex) den Krankheitsverlauf dosisabh{\"a}ngig verbessert. Die Untersuchung heterozygoter GR Knock-out M{\"a}use und h{\"a}matopoetischer Stammzellchim{\"a}ren verdeutlichte, dass der zytosolische GR (cGR) f{\"u}r die Vermittlung therapeutischer GC-Effekte von sehr großer Bedeutung ist. Der Einsatz zelltyp-spezifischer GR-defizienter M{\"a}use zeigte auf zellul{\"a}rer Ebene, dass f{\"u}r die Vermittlung von GC-Wirkungen die Expression des GR vor allem in T-Zellen unabdingbar ist, wohingegen die GR-Expression in myeloiden Zellen in diesem Kontext keine Bedeutung hat. Durch die Analyse des molekularen Mechanismus konnte festgestellt werden, dass diese Effekte durch Apoptoseinduktion und Herunterregulieren von Adh{\"a}sionsmolek{\"u}len in peripheren, aber nicht ZNS-residenten T-Zellen erzielt wurden. {\"U}berdies wurde ersichtlich, dass Dex die T-Zellmigration in das ZNS verhinderte. Diese Beobachtung unterst{\"u}tzt die Hypothese, dass Dex durch Apoptoseinduktion und Immunmodulation haupts{\"a}chlich auf periphere T-Zellen wirkt und somit den st{\"a}ndigen Influx neuer Immunzellen in das ZNS verhindert. Ferner konnte in dieser Arbeit gezeigt werden, dass die therapeutische Gabe hochdosierten Methylprednisolons (MP) in diesem EAE-Modell ebenfalls zu einer dosisabh{\"a}ngigen Verbesserung der EAE f{\"u}hrte. Diese beruhte auf einer reduzierten Lymphozyteninfiltration in das ZNS, war allerdings im Vergleich zur Dex-Therapie aufgrund geringerer Wirkpotenz weniger stark ausgepr{\"a}gt. Im Gegensatz dazu f{\"u}hrte die pr{\"a}ventive MP-Applikation zu einem verst{\"a}rkten EAE-Verlauf, der nach der Beeinflussung peripherer, h{\"a}matopoetischer Immunzellen auf eine verst{\"a}rkte Proliferation autoreaktiver T-Zellen zur{\"u}ckzuf{\"u}hren ist. Im weiteren Verlauf der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde als m{\"o}glicher Ersatz f{\"u}r die Hochdosis-GC-Pulstherapie eine nicht-steroidale, antiinflammatorische Substanz im chronischen EAE-Modell der C57Bl/6 Maus etabliert. Erste tierexperimentelle Untersuchungen mit Compound A (CpdA) offenbarten eine lediglich geringe therapeutische Breite dieser Substanz, wobei innerhalb pharmakologischer Dosierungen dennoch therapeutische Wirkungen vermittelt werden konnten. Anhand von in vitro Experimenten konnte eindeutig nachgewiesen werden, dass CpdA GR-unabh{\"a}ngig Apoptose induzierte, wobei Immunzellen und neuronale Zellen gegen{\"u}ber CpdA besonders empfindlich reagierten. Der Einsatz T-Zell-spezifischer GR-defizienter M{\"a}use konnte zeigen, dass CpdA f{\"u}r die Vermittlung therapeutischer Wirkungen den cGR ben{\"o}tigt. Ferner wurde offensichtlich, dass CpdA in Abwesenheit des cGR in T-Zellen eine signifikante Verschlechterung der EAE verursachte. Durch die Anwendung physikochemischer Analysenmethoden, wie der Massenspektrometrie und 1H-NMR-Spektroskopie, konnte festgestellt werden, dass CpdA in vitro in gepufferten Medien in eine zyklische, chemisch sehr reaktive Verbindung (Aziridin) metabolisiert wird. Diese kann sehr wahrscheinlich f{\"u}r die Apoptose-Induktion in Zellen und die in M{\"a}usen beobachteten neurotoxischen Ausfallerscheinungen verantwortlich gemacht werden. Durch chemische Analysen konnte in vitro in w{\"a}ssriger CpdA-L{\"o}sung ein weiterer Metabolit, das sympathomimetisch wirksame Synephrin, identifiziert werden. Um die Wirksamkeit adrenerger Substanzen in vivo zu testen, wurde das ß1/2-Sympathomimetikum Isoproterenol appliziert. Dieses verbesserte die EAE-Symptomatik, was sehr wahrscheinlich auf eine reduzierte Antigenpr{\"a}sentation und einer damit verbundenen verminderten T-Zellinfiltration in das ZNS zur{\"u}ckzuf{\"u}hren ist.},
  subject      = {Multiple Sklerose},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Xiao2023,
  author    = {Xiao, Yin},
  title     = {Lack of NFATc1 SUMOylation prevents autoimmunity and alloreactivity},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-32105},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-321054},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {SUMOylation, as a post-translational modification, plays a crucial role in several biological processes. Small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) proteins can be reversibly linked to the lysine residues located within specific motifs on numerous target proteins, leading to the change of stability, localization, activity of target proteins, mostly by promoting or interfering with the interaction with other molecules. Consequently, it can regulate gene transcription, migration, cell cycle progression, cellular responses to stress, and tumorigenesis. NFATc1 belongs to the Nuclear Factor of Activated T-cells (NFAT) transcription factor family, which is dephosphorylated and translocates to the nucleus upon cell stimulation, which provokes Ca2+ signalling. NFAT plays a crucial role in the development and function of the immune system. NFATc1 has three SUMOylation sites at the position of aa 349, 702, and 914. In our previous study, we demonstrated that point mutations performed on the SUMOylation sites on all three or only at the lysine residues K702 and K914 lead to enhanced expression of IL-2 in vitro. To evaluate the function of SUMOylation of NFATc1 on T cell-mediated immunity in vivo, we not only generated a transgenic mouse strain (NFATc1/ΔS+ mouse) by point mutations from Lysine to Arginine on the two SUMOylation sites within exon 10 of Nfatc1 to prevent their SUMOylation, but in combination created another mouse strain (NFATc1/ΔBC+ mouse) that is completely Nfatc1 exon 10-ablated by using the LoxP/Cre system. In NFATc1/ΔS+ T cells, we observed enhanced IL-2 production and less IL-17A and IFN-γ expression. In line with exon 10 bearing the relevant SUMO sites, NFATc1/ΔBC+ CD4+ T cells behaved similarly as NFATc1/ΔS+ ones. The mechanism is that elevated IL-2 secretion can counteract the expression of IL-17A and IFN-γ via STAT5 and Blimp-1 induction. Afterwards, Blimp-1 suppressed IL-2 itself as well as Bcl2A1. Next, we performed two disease models with our NFATc1/ΔS+ mice. In a major mismatch model for acute graft-versus-host disease, we found that the mice transplanted with NFATc1/ΔS+ CD3+ T cells developed less severe disease, and T cells proliferated less due to increased Tregs. Moreover, when transferring 2D2.NFATc1/ΔS+ Th1 plus Th17 cells to Rag1-/- mice to induce experimental autoimmune encephalitis, we also observed ameliorated disease compared to animals with transferred WT T cells as well as increased Tregs. Taking all data together, the deficiency in SUMOylation of NFATc1 leads to an elevated IL-2 secretion in T cells and subsequent activation of STAT5, which competes with STAT3 to inhibit IL-17A production and promotes Treg expansion, as well as to an enforcement of Blimp-1 expression, which suppresses IFN-γ and IL-2 expression. Consequently and despite a short phase of enhanced IL-2 secretion, the deficiency of SUMOylation on NFATc1 can protect from autoreactive and alloreactive diseases. Moreover, to further understand the function of SUMOylation of NFATc1 in humans, we started by establishing an in vitro 3D culture system for tonsil organoids, which was successful in the presence of feeder cells, along with IL-4 and IL-7 cytokines. To confirm that our 3D tonsil organoids can respond to real antigens, we used CMV peptides and peptides of spike proteins from Covid-19 as real antigens, and co-cultured with tonsil organoids, which indeed can generate memory cells and plasmablasts. In the end, we also compared 3D to 2D cultures. Although the total numbers of all B cell subsets were much less in 3D culture than that in 2D culture, still, it indicates that this in-vitro culture system has its limitation, while being usable to produce the similar results as 2D did. Therefore, this 3D culture system can be used as a platform to investigate NFATc1/ΔS+ or NFATc1/ΔBC+ TFH and TFR cells in the dynamic of human GC responses.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Xiao2004,
  author    = {Xiao, Zheng},
  title     = {Blimp-1 Regulates Terminal Differentiation of T Cells},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-10530},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {The transcriptional repressor-Blimp-1 terminates differentiation of B lymphocytes as well as myeloid cells. Our data show that Blimp-1 is highly expressed in freshly isolated murine primary T lymphocytes, particularly its minor splice variant. Ectopic expression of Blimp-1 by retroviral transduction neither dramatically altered secretion of IFN-{\~a} or IL-4 nor did it induce the ability to suppress as regulatory T cells. However, induction of Blimp-1 resulted in not only a significant reduction in the production of IL-2 but also an inability to proliferate as well as in the reduced viability. These results demonstrate that Blimp-1 might mark end stages of lineage differentiation in T cells.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{XiuGeigerKlaver2015,
  author    = {Xiu, Daiming and Geiger, Maximilian J. and Klaver, Peter},
  title     = {Emotional face expression modulates occipital-frontal effective connectivity during memory formation in a bottom-up fashion},
  series = {Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience},
  volume    = {9},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience},
  number    = {90},
  doi       = {10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00090},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-143211},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {This study investigated the role of bottom-up and top-down neural mechanisms in the processing of emotional face expression during memory formation. Functional brain imaging data was acquired during incidental learning of positive ("happy"), neutral and negative ("angry" or "fearful") faces. Dynamic Causal Modeling (DCM) was applied on the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data to characterize effective connectivity within a brain network involving face perception (inferior occipital gyrus and fusiform gyrus) and successful memory formation related areas (hippocampus, superior parietal lobule, amygdala, and orbitofrontal cortex). The bottom-up models assumed processing of emotional face expression along feed forward pathways to the orbitofrontal cortex. The top-down models assumed that the orbitofrontal cortex processed emotional valence and mediated connections to the hippocampus. A subsequent recognition memory test showed an effect of negative emotion on the response bias, but not on memory performance. Our DCM findings showed that the bottom-up model family of effective connectivity best explained the data across all subjects and specified that emotion affected most bottom-up connections to the orbitofrontal cortex, especially from the occipital visual cortex and superior parietal lobule. Of those pathways to the orbitofrontal cortex the connection from the inferior occipital gyrus correlated with memory performance independently of valence. We suggest that bottom-up neural mechanisms support effects of emotional face expression and memory formation in a parallel and partially overlapping fashion.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{XuFahmyGarciaWesdorpetal.2023,
  author    = {Xu, Jietao and Fahmy-Garcia, Shorouk and Wesdorp, Marinus A. and Kops, Nicole and Forte, Lucia and De Luca, Claudio and Misciagna, Massimiliano Maraglino and Dolcini, Laura and Filardo, Giuseppe and Labbert{\´e}, Margot and Vanc{\´i}kov{\´a}, Karin and Kok, Joeri and van Rietbergen, Bert and Nickel, Joachim and Farrell, Eric and Brama, Pieter A. J. and van Osch, Gerjo J. V. M.},
  title     = {Effectiveness of BMP-2 and PDGF-BB adsorption onto a collagen/collagen-magnesium-hydroxyapatite scaffold in weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing osteochondral defect bone repair: in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo evaluation},
  series = {Journal of Functional Biomaterials},
  volume    = {14},
  journal   = {Journal of Functional Biomaterials},
  number    = {2},
  issn      = {2079-4983},
  doi       = {10.3390/jfb14020111},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-304019},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Despite promising clinical results in osteochondral defect repair, a recently developed bi-layered collagen/collagen-magnesium-hydroxyapatite scaffold has demonstrated less optimal subchondral bone repair. This study aimed to improve the bone repair potential of this scaffold by adsorbing bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) and/or platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) onto said scaffold. The in vitro release kinetics of BMP-2/PDGF-BB demonstrated that PDGF-BB was burst released from the collagen-only layer, whereas BMP-2 was largely retained in both layers. Cell ingrowth was enhanced by BMP-2/PDFG-BB in a bovine osteochondral defect ex vivo model. In an in vivo semi-orthotopic athymic mouse model, adding BMP-2 or PDGF-BB increased tissue repair after four weeks. After eight weeks, most defects were filled with bone tissue. To further investigate the promising effect of BMP-2, a caprine bilateral stifle osteochondral defect model was used where defects were created in weight-bearing femoral condyle and non-weight-bearing trochlear groove locations. After six months, the adsorption of BMP-2 resulted in significantly less bone repair compared with scaffold-only in the femoral condyle defects and a trend to more bone repair in the trochlear groove. Overall, the adsorption of BMP-2 onto a Col/Col-Mg-HAp scaffold reduced bone formation in weight-bearing osteochondral defects, but not in non-weight-bearing osteochondral defects.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{XuNaeveriFrerichsetal.1993,
  author    = {Xu, K. and N{\"a}veri, L. and Frerichs, K. and Hallenbeck, J. M. and Feuerstein, G. and Davis, J. N. and Sir{\´e}n, Anna-Leena},
  title     = {Extracellular catecholamine levels in rat hippocampus after a selective alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist or a selective dopamnie uptake inhibitor: Evidence for dopamine release from local dopaminergic nerve terminals},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-62997},
  year      = {1993},
  abstract  = {The effect of 6-chloro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-methyi-1-H-3-benzazepine (SKF 86466), a selectlve nonimldazoline alpha-2 adrenoceptor antagonlst, on hippocampal re1ease of norepinephrine and dopamlne in conscious rats was lnvestigated by /n vlvo mlcrodialysis and high-pressure liquid chromatography. Additionally, extracellular concentrations of hippocampal dopamine (DA) and norepinephrtne (NE), durtng Infusion of selective monoamine uptake Inhibitors, were determined in freely moving rats. The basal concentration of NE in the dialysate was 4.9 ± 0.3 pg/20 pl. lntravenous admlnistratlon of 5 or 10 mgJkg of SKF 86466 was associated wlth a transierlt inc:rease (30 min) of 2-fold (12 ± 1 pg/20 ,d; p < .05) and 8-fold (39 ± 3 pg/20 pl; p < .05), respectlvely, in dlalysate NE, whereas a 1-mgfkg dose had no effect. DA was not detected in basal dlalysates, but after the adminlstratlon of 5 or 10 mgJkg of SKF 86466, 3.9 ± 0.4 and 6.4 ± 0.6 pg/20 pl, respectlvely, was present in the dialysates. The rnaxlmum increase in dialysate DA was reached 60 to 90 min after SKF 86466. The DA was not derived from plasma because plasma NE was elevated after the 5 mgJkg dose of SKF 86466 whereas no plasma DA was detected. ln order to determlne whether DA was present in noradrenergic nerve termlnals, the dopamine ß-hydroxylase Inhibitor SKF 1 02698 was administered (50 mgJkg i.p.). The Inhibitor decreased dialysate NE but DA was stin not detected in the dialysate. When SKF 86466 (5 mgJkg t.v.) was adminlstered 4 hr after SKF 102698, DA appeared in the dialysate but there was no lncrease in dialysate NE. Administration through the dialysis probe of the DA uptake Inhibitor, GBR-12909 (0.1 and 1 pM), dose-dependently lnaeased DA Ieveis to 5.7 ± 1.2 and 9.6 ± 2.8 pg/20 pl, respectively. GBR-12909 had no effect on hippocampal NE. Desipramine (5 and 10 pM) lncreased dose-dependently dialysate NE and lncreased DA concentrations to detectable Ieveis (2.7 ± 0.5 and 3.5 ± 0.7 pg/20 ,d, respectively). These results suggest that the a/pha-2 adrenoceptors modulate both NE and DA release in the rat hlppocampus and that DA detected in the hlppocampal dialysate might be released from dopaminergic neurons.},
  subject      = {Neurobiologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Xu2022,
  author    = {Xu, Wenshan},
  title     = {Regulation of the DNA Damage Response by the Ubiquitin System},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-16006},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-160064},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {DNA damage occurs frequently during normal cellular progresses or by environmental factors. To preserve the genome integrity, DNA damage response (DDR) has evolved to repair DNA and the non-properly repaired DNA induces human diseases like immune deficiency and cancer. Since a large number of proteins involved in DDR are enzymes of ubiquitin system, it is critical to investigate how the ubiquitin system regulates cellular response to DNA damage. Hereby, we reveal a novel mechanism for DDR regulation via activation of SCF ubiquitin ligase upon DNA damage. As an essential step for DNA damage-induced inhibition of DNA replication, Cdc25A degradation by the E3 ligase β-TrCP upon DNA damage requires the deubiquitinase Usp28. Usp28 deubiquitinates β-TrCP in response to DNA damage, thereby promotes its dimerization, which is required for its activity in substrate ubiquitination and degradation. Particularly, ubiquitination at a specific lysine on β-TrCP suppresses dimerization. The key mediator protein of DDR, 53BP1, forms oligomers and associates with β-TrCP to inhibit its activity in unstressed cells. Upon DNA damage, 53BP1 is degraded in the nucleoplasm, which requires oligomerization and is promoted by Usp28 in a β-TrCP-dependent manner. Consequently, 53BP1 destruction releases and activates β-TrCP during DNA damage response. Moreover, 53BP1 deletion and DNA damage promote β-TrCP dimerization and recruitment to chromatin sites that locate in the vicinity of putative replication origins. Subsequently, the chromatin-associated Cdc25A is degraded by β-TrCP at the origins. The stimulation of β-TrCP binding to the origins upon DNA damage is accompanied by unloading of Cdc45, a crucial component of pre-initiation complexes for replication. Loading of Cdc45 to origins is a key Cdk2-dependent step for DNA replication initiation, indicating that localized Cdc25A degradation by β-TrCP at origins inactivates Cdk2, thereby inhibits the initiation of DNA replication. Collectively, this study suggests a novel mechanism for the regulation of DNA replication upon DNA damage, which involves 53BP1- and Usp28-dependent activation of the SCF(β-TrCP) ligase in Cdc25A degradation.},
  subject      = {DNS-Sch{\"a}digung},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Yabe2024,
  author    = {Yabe, Marie},
  title     = {Untersuchung des Mental Rotation-Paradigmas bei Patienten mit fokaler Dystonie},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-36392},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-363927},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2024},
  abstract  = {Das mR-Paradigma beschreibt die F{\"a}higkeit Objekte gedanklich zu drehen und erfordert dabei komplexe neuronale Prozesse. Bisherige Studien konnten nicht kl{\"a}ren, ob es ein spezifisches Muster der Beeintr{\"a}chtigung im mR-Test bei fokalen Dystonien gibt. Die {\"u}bergeordnete Fragestellung der vorliegenden Arbeit war, ob eine verlangsamte Reaktion bei der mR von k{\"o}rperlichen Abbildungen einen stabilen Endoph{\"a}notyp fokaler Dystonien darstellt. Die Zielsetzung war die {\"U}berpr{\"u}fung der Hypothesen, 1) dass bisherige Ergebnisse, die eine verl{\"a}ngerte Reaktionszeit von CD-Patienten bei der mR von k{\"o}rperlichen Abbildungen aufzeigten, reproduzierbar sind und 2) dass eine erh{\"o}hte Reaktionszeit bei der mR von k{\"o}rperlichen Abbildungen auch bei Patienten mit BSP vorliegt. Um dabei die mR m{\"o}glichst spezifisch zu untersuchen, wurden folgende sekund{\"a}re Hypothesen formuliert: a) die kognitive Leistungsf{\"a}higkeit und b) das allgemeine Reaktionsverm{\"o}gen der Teilnehmer stellen potenzielle St{\"o}rfaktoren f{\"u}r die Reaktionszeit bei der mR-Aufgabe dar. Diese wurden neben der H{\"a}ndigkeit und der allgemeinen Geschicklichkeit systematisch erhoben. 23 CD-Patienten und 23 gesunde Kontrollpersonen sowie 21 BSP- und 19 HFS-Patienten wurden hinsichtlich Geschlechterverteilung, Alter und Bildungsstand verglichen. Zudem wurden H{\"a}ndigkeit, Fingergeschicklichkeit, allgemeine Reaktionszeit und kognitiver Status jedes Teilnehmers erhoben. Im mR-Test wurden Fotos von K{\"o}rperteilen (Hand, Fuß oder Kopf) und einem nicht-k{\"o}rperlichen Objekt (Auto) gezeigt, die in sechs verschiedene Winkelgrade um die eigene Achse in der Bildebene rotiert waren. Die Teilnehmer wurden gebeten, die Lateralit{\"a}t des dargestellten Bildes per Tastendruck anzugeben. Bewertet wurden sowohl Geschwindigkeit als auch Richtigkeit der Antworten. Im Vergleich zu gesunden Kontrollpersonen schnitten CD- und HFS-Patienten bei der mR der H{\"a}nde schlechter ab, w{\"a}hrend die BSP-Patienten vergleichbare Leistungen zeigten. Es bestand ein signifikanter Zusammenhang zwischen einer verl{\"a}ngerten mR-Reaktionszeit und reduzierten MoCA-Scores sowie einer erh{\"o}hten mR-Reaktionszeit und verl{\"a}ngerter allgemeiner Reaktionszeit. Nach Ausschluss der Patienten mit MCI zeigten CD-Patienten, nicht jedoch HFS-Patienten, im Vergleich zur gesunden Kontrollgruppe weiterhin verlangsamte Reaktionszeiten der H{\"a}nde. Die vorliegende Studie konnte die Frage, ob eine verlangsamte Reaktion bei der mR von k{\"o}rperlichen Abbildungen einen stabilen Endoph{\"a}notyp fokaler Dystonien darstellt, nicht sicher beantworten. Es stellte sich jedoch heraus, dass Kognition und allgemeine Reaktionszeit starke Einflussfaktoren bei der mR-Aufgabe sind. Dies wurde in den fr{\"u}heren Arbeiten nicht ber{\"u}cksichtigt und stellt daher ein neues und wichtiges Ergebnis dar. Die verlangsamte Reaktion bei der mR der H{\"a}nde bei CD-Patienten auch nach Ausschluss von Patienten mit MCI l{\"a}sst ein spezifisches Defizit der F{\"a}higkeit der mR vermuten. Das Vorliegen einer tiefergreifenden zugrundeliegenden Netzwerkst{\"o}rung, die sich auf die Leistung im mR-Test auswirkt, w{\"a}re dabei denkbar.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{YadavSelvarajBenderetal.2016,
  author    = {Yadav, Preeti and Selvaraj, Bhuvaneish T. and Bender, Florian L. P. and Behringer, Marcus and Moradi, Mehri and Sivadasan, Rajeeve and Dombert, Benjamin and Blum, Robert and Asan, Esther and Sauer, Markus and Julien, Jean-Pierre and Sendtner, Michael},
  title     = {Neurofilament depletion improves microtubule dynamics via modulation of Stat3/stathmin signaling},
  series = {Acta Neuropathologica},
  volume    = {132},
  journal   = {Acta Neuropathologica},
  number    = {1},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00401-016-1564-y},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-188234},
  pages     = {93-110},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {In neurons, microtubules form a dense array within axons, and the stability and function of this microtubule network is modulated by neurofilaments. Accumulation of neurofilaments has been observed in several forms of neurodegenerative diseases, but the mechanisms how elevated neurofilament levels destabilize axons are unknown so far. Here, we show that increased neurofilament expression in motor nerves of pmn mutant mice, a model of motoneuron disease, causes disturbed microtubule dynamics. The disease is caused by a point mutation in the tubulin-specific chaperone E (Tbce) gene, leading to an exchange of the most C-terminal amino acid tryptophan to glycine. As a consequence, the TBCE protein becomes instable which then results in destabilization of axonal microtubules and defects in axonal transport, in particular in motoneurons. Depletion of neurofilament increases the number and regrowth of microtubules in pmn mutant motoneurons and restores axon elongation. This effect is mediated by interaction of neurofilament with the stathmin complex. Accumulating neurofilaments associate with stathmin in axons of pmn mutant motoneurons. Depletion of neurofilament by Nefl knockout increases Stat3-stathmin interaction and stabilizes the microtubules in pmn mutant motoneurons. Consequently, counteracting enhanced neurofilament expression improves axonal maintenance and prolongs survival of pmn mutant mice. We propose that this mechanism could also be relevant for other neurodegenerative diseases in which neurofilament accumulation and loss of microtubules are prominent features.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Yan2022,
  author    = {Yan, Zhe},
  title     = {"I tried to control my emotions": nursing home care workers' experiences of emotional labor in China},
  series = {Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology},
  volume    = {37},
  journal   = {Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology},
  number    = {1},
  doi       = {10.1007/s10823-022-09452-4},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-324295},
  pages     = {1-22},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Despite dramatic expansions in the Chinese nursing home sector in meeting the increasing care needs of a rapidly aging population, direct care work in China remains largely devalued and socially unrecognized. Consequently, scant attention has been given to the caregiving experiences of direct care workers (DCWs) in Chinese nursing homes. In particular, given the relational nature of care work, there is little knowledge as to how Chinese DCWs manage emotions and inner feelings through their emotional labor. This article examines the emotional labor of Chinese DCWs through ethnographic data collected with 20 DCWs in one nursing home located in an urban setting in central China. Data were analyzed using conventional content analysis and constant comparison. Participants' accounts of sustaining a caring self, preserving professional identity, and hoping for reciprocity revealed implicit meanings about the often-conflicting nature of emotional labor and the nonreciprocal elements of care work under constrained working conditions. Importantly, the moral-cultural notion of bao (报 norm of reciprocity) was found to be central among DCWs in navigating strained resources and suggested their agency in meaning-construction. However, their constructed moral buffers may be insufficient if emotional labor continues to be made invisible by care organizations.},
  subject      = {Gerontologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Yang2007,
  author    = {Yang, Shaoxian},
  title     = {The role of NFAT proteins in Rag and Nfatc1a Gene Regulation in Murine Thymus},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-23691},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2007},
  abstract  = {In this thesis we have investigated the effect of NFAT (Nuclear Factor of Activated T Cell) transcription factors on the expression of Rag-(Recombination Activating Genes) genes in murine thymus. The protein products of Rag genes, RAG1 and RAG2, are critical for the recombination and generation of the TCR (T Cell Receptor) repertoire during thymocyte development, and their expression can be suppressed by the activity of NFAT factors. In thymus, the expression of Rag1 and Rag2 genes is induced at the double-negative (DN, CD4-8-) 3 stage, down-regulated at the DN4 stage, re-induced at the double-positive (DP, CD4+8+) stage, and suppressed again at the single-positive (SP, CD4+8- or CD4-8+) stage. Although it is known that TCR signaling suppresses the expression of Rag1 and Rag2 at the SP stage, the signals that mediate the Rag gene down-reulation remain elusive. Here we report that both the calcineurin-NFAT-signaling and MAPKinase signaling pathways, which are activated by TCR signaling during positive selection, mediate the Rag gene down-regulation in DP thymocytes. The calcineurin-NFAT pathway suppresses both the Rag1 and the Rag2 gene expression. This pathway has a stronger suppressive effect on the Rag1 than the Rag2 gene. A synergistic activity between the two NFAT factors NFATc2 and NFATc3 is essential for calcineurin-NFAT signaling to efficiently suppress the Rag gene expression in DP thymocytes. It is likely that the calcineurin-NFAT signaling down-regulates Rag gene expression by suppressing both the Rag anti-silencer element (ASE) activity and the Rag promoter activity. Similarly, MEK-ERK signaling of MAPK signaling pathway mediates the Rag gene suppression in DP thymocytes although the mechanism through which MEK-ERK mediates the Rag gene down-regulation has to be elucidated. In DN thymocytes, it appears that neither the calcineurin-NFAT signaling nor MAPK signaling is involved in the Rag gene down-regulation. However, a role for these two signaling pathways in the Rag gene up-regulation in DN thymocytes is not excluded. In DN thymocytes, pre-TCR signaling stimulates the expression both Nfatc1 and Nfatc2 genes but has no effect on Nfatc3 gene expression. In DN thymocytes, pre-TCR signaling activates Nfatc1\&\#945; expression but not Nfatc1ß expression, i.e. the two promoters controling Nfatc1 gene xpression are differently controled by pre-TCR signals. Nfatc1\&\#945; gene expression in DN thymocytes is mainly regulated by the MAPK signaling pathway because activation of Nfatc1\&\#945; is mediated by MEK-ERK signaling but opposed by JNK signaling. Calcineuirn-NFAT and p38 signaling pathways are not involved in Nfatc1\&\#945; promoter regulation in DN thymocytes. In DP thymocytes, TCR signaling up-regulates Nfatc1 and Nfatc2 expression but down-regulates Nfatc3 expression. In DP thymocytes, TCR signaling activates Nfatc1\&\#945; expression. The activation of Nfatc1\&\#945; in DP thymocytes is mediated by NFATc1, but not or to a less degree by NFATc2 and NFATc3. MEK-ERK, JNK, and p38 signaling pathways are involved in Nfatc1\&\#945; gene activation in DP thymocytes, probably by activating NFAT trans-activation activity. All these findings illustrate that in thymocytes the expression of NFAT transcription factors - which are essential for thymic development - is controled at multiple levels.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{YankuBitmanLotanZoharetal.2018,
  author    = {Yanku, Yifat and Bitman-Lotan, Eliya and Zohar, Yaniv and Kurant, Estee and Zilke, Norman and Eilers, Martin and Orian, Amir},
  title     = {Drosophila HUWE1 ubiquitin ligase regulates endoreplication and antagonizes JNK signaling during salivary gland development},
  series = {Cells},
  volume    = {7},
  journal   = {Cells},
  number    = {10},
  issn      = {2073-4409},
  doi       = {10.3390/cells7100151},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-197630},
  pages     = {151},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {The HECT-type ubiquitin ligase HECT, UBA and WWE Domain Containing 1, (HUWE1) regulates key cancer-related pathways, including the Myc oncogene. It affects cell proliferation, stress and immune signaling, mitochondria homeostasis, and cell death. HUWE1 is evolutionarily conserved from Caenorhabditis elegance to Drosophila melanogaster and Humans. Here, we report that the Drosophila ortholog, dHUWE1 (CG8184), is an essential gene whose loss results in embryonic lethality and whose tissue-specific disruption establishes its regulatory role in larval salivary gland development. dHUWE1 is essential for endoreplication of salivary gland cells and its knockdown results in the inability of these cells to replicate DNA. Remarkably, dHUWE1 is a survival factor that prevents premature activation of JNK signaling, thus preventing the disintegration of the salivary gland, which occurs physiologically during pupal stages. This function of dHUWE1 is general, as its inhibitory effect is observed also during eye development and at the organismal level. Epistatic studies revealed that the loss of dHUWE1 is compensated by dMyc proeitn expression or the loss of dmP53. dHUWE1 is therefore a conserved survival factor that regulates organ formation during Drosophila development.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Yaqub2022,
  author    = {Yaqub, Jonathan F.},
  title     = {Geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede der myokardialen Kontraktilit{\"a}t, Geschlechtshormonspiegel und NT-proBNP-Spiegel bei koronarchirurgischen Patienten},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-29116},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-291163},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Die vorliegende klinisch-experimentelle Arbeit beleuchtet den Zusammenhang zwischen biologischem Geschlecht, den Konzentrationen der Geschlechtshormone Testosteron, Estradiol sowie dem kardialen Protein NT-pro-BNP in vivo und der Kraftentwicklung stimulierter Herzmuskelzellen in vitro. Im Studienzeitraum wurden insgesamt 225 Patienten (35 weiblich, 190 m{\"a}nnlich), die sich einer elektiven koronarchirurgischen Operation unter Einsatz der Herz-Lungen-Maschine unterzogen, in die Studie eingeschlossen. Im Rahmen der Operation wurden Herzmuskelproben vom linken und rechten Herzohr gewonnen. Aus diesen wurde experimentell der kontraktile Apparat isoliert. Diese Muskelfaserb{\"u}ndel wurden mittels Immersion in verschieden stark konzentrierten Kalziumb{\"a}dern zur Kontraktion stimuliert und die resultierende Kraftentwicklung erfasst. Diese Daten wurden den im Patientenblut bestimmten Serumkonzentrationen von Estradiol, Testosteron und NT-pro-BNP gegen{\"u}bergestellt. Es konnte, auch unter Ber{\"u}cksichtigung der Hormonkonzentrationen, weder eine Korrelation des Patientengeschlechts mit der Kraftentwicklung festgestellt werden, noch korrelierte die Konzentration von NT-pro-BNP mit der Kraftentwicklung im experimentellen Modell.},
  subject      = {Herz},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Yavarzadeh2020,
  author    = {Yavarzadeh, Faraz},
  title     = {Auftreten laryngealer Konstriktionsph{\"a}nomene in verschiedenen Vokalisationstypen der ersten 7 Lebensmonate bei S{\"a}uglingen ohne Lippen-Kiefer-Gaumen-Segelspalten},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-21023},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-210231},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {In der vorliegenden Studie wurde untersucht, ob laryngeale Konstriktionsph{\"a}nomene regelhaft bei gesunden S{\"a}uglingen mit deutscher Umgebungssprache auftreten, ob es eine altersabh{\"a}ngige oder geschlechtsabh{\"a}ngige Entwicklung in der Auftrittsh{\"a}ufigkeit der Ph{\"a}nomene gibt und ob diese zus{\"a}tzlich durch den Vokalisationstyp beeinflusst wird. Dazu wurden hier vier typische Vokalisationstypen im vorsprachlichen Alter definiert: spontanes S{\"a}uglingsweinen vor einer Mahlzeit in zwei Auspr{\"a}gungsformen (Typ C und UC, letzterer als Typ weniger intensiven S{\"a}uglingsweinens) sowie Nichtschreivokalisationen in zwei Auspr{\"a}gungsformen (UB: {\"U}bergangslaut zwischen UC und silbenartigem Vokalisieren (BB)). In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden solche Konstriktionsph{\"a}nomene untersucht, die in der medizinischen Fachliteratur h{\"a}ufig mit pathologischen Zust{\"a}nden der respiratorischen Regelung sowie Vokaltraktmalformationen bei S{\"a}uglingen mit Lippen-Kiefer-Gaumen-Segelspalten beschrieben werden. Es wurde hier untersucht, ob {\"a}hnliche Ph{\"a}nomene auch bei gesunden S{\"a}uglingen regelhaft auftreten. Dazu wurde in einem kombinierten L{\"a}ngs- und Querschnittsdesign eine deskriptive Analyse von 20.406 Einzelvokalisationen von 20 S{\"a}uglingen in den ersten sieben Lebensmonaten vorgenommen. Die Vokalisationen lagen anonymisiert im Zentrum f{\"u}r vorsprachliche Entwicklung \& Entwicklungsst{\"o}rungen an der Poliklinik f{\"u}r Kieferorthop{\"a}die des Universit{\"a}tsklinikums W{\"u}rzburg vor. Es handelt sich um eine explorative, retrospektive Analyse. Unter Verwendung von Frequenzspektren und Audiofiles wurden alle Einzelvokalisationen audio-visuell analysiert und drei Stufen mit unterschiedlicher Auspr{\"a}gung der Konstriktionen einsortiert (Kategorie 1 - 3; Kategorie 0 = keine Konstriktionen in der Vokalisation). Die Kategoriendefinition wurde vom Autor der vorliegenden Arbeit in einer Voruntersuchung erarbeitet und durch weitere Kodierer getestet und als geeignet befunden. Im Ergebnis der Arbeit konnte gezeigt werden, dass die hier untersuchten Konstriktionsph{\"a}nomene regelhaft bei allen gesunden S{\"a}uglingen im Untersuchungszeitraum vorkommen. Die Auftrittsh{\"a}ufigkeit war dabei teilweise vom Geschlecht, vom Alter und vom Vokalisationstyp abh{\"a}ngig. Eine vergleichbare systematische Analyse lag bisher in der Literatur nicht vor. Die Ergebnisse werden aus physiologischer und linguistisch-phonetischer Perspektive interpretiert. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass die im spontanen Weinen beobachteten Konstriktionsph{\"a}nomene auch bei den Komfortvokalisationen (Nichtschreivokalisationen) vorkamen. Dies st{\"u}tzt die Kontinuit{\"a}tshypothese in der vorsprachlichen Entwicklung. Die Arbeit hat auch widerlegt, dass alle Konstriktionsph{\"a}nomene im S{\"a}uglingsweinen ein Pathologiemarker sind. Die Differenzierung zwischen physiologischen und pathologischen Konstriktionsph{\"a}nomenen, die z.B. durch respiratorische Dysfunktion entstehen k{\"o}nnen (Stridor), ist eine Aufgabe f{\"u}r nachfolgende Arbeiten. F{\"u}r weiterf{\"u}hrende Arbeiten mit dem Ziel der Anwendung von Stimmregisterph{\"a}nomenen in der Vorsprachlichen Diagnostik sind methodisch erweiterte Ans{\"a}tze bei gleichzeitig gr{\"o}ßerer Stichprobe erforderlich.},
  subject      = {Vorprachliche Entwicklung},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{YeAmbiOlguinNavaetal.2021,
  author    = {Ye, Liqing and Ambi, Uddhav B. and Olguin-Nava, Marco and Gribling-Burrer, Anne-Sophie and Ahmad, Shazeb and Bohn, Patrick and Weber, Melanie M. and Smyth, Redmond P.},
  title     = {RNA structures and their role in selective genome packaging},
  series = {Viruses},
  volume    = {13},
  journal   = {Viruses},
  number    = {9},
  issn      = {1999-4915},
  doi       = {10.3390/v13091788},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-246101},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {To generate infectious viral particles, viruses must specifically select their genomic RNA from milieu that contains a complex mixture of cellular or non-genomic viral RNAs. In this review, we focus on the role of viral encoded RNA structures in genome packaging. We first discuss how packaging signals are constructed from local and long-range base pairings within viral genomes, as well as inter-molecular interactions between viral and host RNAs. Then, how genome packaging is regulated by the biophysical properties of RNA. Finally, we examine the impact of RNA packaging signals on viral evolution.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{YeKeicherGentschevetal.2021,
  author    = {Ye, Mingyu and Keicher, Markus and Gentschev, Ivaylo and Szalay, Aladar A.},
  title     = {Efficient selection of recombinant fluorescent vaccinia virus strains and rapid virus titer determination by using a multi-well plate imaging system},
  series = {Biomedicines},
  volume    = {9},
  journal   = {Biomedicines},
  number    = {8},
  issn      = {2227-9059},
  doi       = {10.3390/biomedicines9081032},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-245104},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Engineered vaccinia virus (VACV) strains are used extensively as vectors for the development of novel cancer vaccines and cancer therapeutics. In this study, we describe for the first time a high-throughput approach for both fluorescent rVACV generation and rapid viral titer measurement with the multi-well plate imaging system, IncuCyte\(^®\)S3. The isolation of a single, well-defined plaque is critical for the generation of novel recombinant vaccinia virus (rVACV) strains. Unfortunately, current methods of rVACV engineering via plaque isolation are time-consuming and laborious. Here, we present a modified fluorescent viral plaque screening and selection strategy that allows one to generally obtain novel fluorescent rVACV strains in six days, with a minimum of just four days. The standard plaque assay requires chemicals for fixing and staining cells. Manual plaque counting based on visual inspection of the cell culture plates is time-consuming. Here, we developed a fluorescence-based plaque assay for quantifying the vaccinia virus that does not require a cell staining step. This approach is less toxic to researchers and is reproducible; it is thus an improvement over the traditional assay. Lastly, plaque counting by virtue of a fluorescence-based image is very convenient, as it can be performed directly on the computer.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Yin2023,
  author    = {Yin, Jing},
  title     = {Progressive alterations of pro- and antidegeneration markers in the nigrostriatal tract of the AAV1/2-A53T-α synuclein rat model of Parkinson's disease},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-26064},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-260645},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Neurodegeneration plays an essential role in Parkinson's disease (PD). Several crucial neuronal pro-and antidegeneration markers were described to be altered in disease models accompanied by neurodegeneration. In the AAV1/2-A53T-aSyn PD rat model progressive time-dependent motor impairment and neurodegeneration in the nigrostriatal tract starting from 2 weeks after PD model induction could be found. Downregulation of Nrf2 in SN and nigrostriatal axon localization, a trend of Tau downregulation in SN and upregulation in axon localization in the AAV1/2-A53T-aSyn PD rat model were observed, indicating potential therapeutic value of these two molecular targets in PD. No alterations of SARM1 and NMNAT2 could be detected, indicating little relevance of these two molecules with our AAV1/2-A53T-aSyn rat model.},
  language  = {en}
}
@unpublished{YinWernerHiguchietal.2018,
  author    = {Yin, Yafu and Werner, Rudolf A. and Higuchi, Takahiro and Lapa, Constantin and Pienta, Kenneth J. and Pomper, Martin G. and Gorin, Michael A. and Rowe, Steven P.},
  title     = {Follow-Up of Lesions with Equivocal Radiotracer Uptake on PSMA-Targeted PET in Patients with Prostate Cancer: Predictive Values of the PSMA-RADS-3A and PSMARADS- 3B Categories},
  series = {Journal of Nuclear Medicine},
  journal   = {Journal of Nuclear Medicine},
  issn      = {0161-5505},
  doi       = {10.2967/jnumed.118.217653},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-167594},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Purpose: Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted positron emission tomography (PET) imaging has become commonly utilized in patients with prostate cancer (PCa). The PSMA reporting and data system version 1.0 (PSMA-RADS version 1.0) categorizes lesions on the basis of the likelihood of PCa involvement, with PSMA-RADS-3A (soft tissue) and PSMA-RADS-3B (bone) lesions being indeterminate for the presence of disease. We retrospectively reviewed the imaging follow-up of such lesions to determine the rate at which they underwent changes suggestive of underlying PCa. Methods: PET/CT imaging with \(^{18}\)F-DCFPyL was carried out in 110 patients with PCa and lesions were categorized according to PSMA-RADS Version 1.0. 56/110 (50.9\%) patients were determined to have indeterminate PSMA-RADS-3A or PSMA-RADS-3B lesions and 22/56 (39.3\%) patients had adequate follow-up to be included in the analysis. The maximum standardized uptake values (SUV\(_{max}\)) of the lesions were obtained and the ratios of SUV\(_{max}\) of the lesions to SUV\(_{mean}\) of blood pool (SUV\(_{max}\)-lesion/SUV\(_{mean}\)-bloodpool) were calculated. Pre-determined criteria were used to evaluate the PSMA-RADS-3A and PSMA-RADS-3B lesions on follow-up imaging to determine if they demonstrated evidence of underlying malignancy. Results: A total of 46 lesions in 22 patients were considered indeterminate for PCa (i.e. PSMA-RADS-3A (32 lesions) or PSMA-RADS-3B (14 lesions)) and were evaluable on follow-up imaging. 27/46 (58.7\%) lesions demonstrated changes on follow-up imaging consistent with the presence of underlying PCa at baseline. These lesions included 24/32 (75.0\%) PSMA-RADS-3A lesions and 3/14 (21.4\%) lesions categorized as PSMA-RADS-3B. The ranges of SUVmax and SUVmax-lesion/SUVmean-bloodpool overlapped between those lesions demonstrating changes consistent with malignancy on follow-up imaging and those lesions that remained unchanged on follow-up. Conclusion: PSMA-RADS-3A and PSMA-RADS-3B lesions are truly indeterminate in that proportions of findings in both categories demonstrate evidence of malignancy on follow-up imaging. Overall, PSMA-RADS-3A lesions are more likely than PSMA-RADS-3B lesions to represent sites of PCa and this information should be taken into when guiding patient therapy.},
  subject      = {Positronen-Emissions-Tomografie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{YongJacobowitzBaroneetal.1994,
  author    = {Yong, Liu and Jacobowitz, David M. and Barone, Frank and McCarron, Richard and Spatz, Maria and Feuerstein, Giora and Hallenbeck, John M. and Sir{\´e}n, Anna-Leena},
  title     = {Quantitation of perivascular monocyte / macrophages around cerebral blood vessels of hypertensive and aged rats},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-86800},
  year      = {1994},
  abstract  = {The numbers of monocytes and macrophages in the walls of cerebral blood vessels were counted on perfusion-fixed frozen brain sections (16 JLffi) of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), stroke-prone SHR (SHR-SP), normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats, and young (16-week-old) and old (2-year-old) normotensive Sprague-Dawley rats (SD-l6w and SD-2y, respectively) using monoclonal antiborlies against rat macrophages (ED2). The staining was visualized with fluoresceinlabeled second antiborlies. The ED2-specific staining in brain sections was restricted to macrophages in a perivascular location. The number of perivascular cells per square millimeter of high-power field was significantly greater in SHR-SP (8.6 ± 2.1; n = 4) and SHR (6. 7 ± 0.9; n = 6) than in normotensive WKY (4.0 ± 0.5; n = 6; p <0.01). The number of perivascular macrophages was also greater in SD-2y (7.5 ± 2.7; n = 9) than in SD-l6w (2.9 ± 1.8; n = 8; p < 0.01). No ED2 staining was found in the resident microglia or in the endothelial cells, which were identified by double staining with rhodamine-labeled anti-factor VIII-related antigen antiborlies. The results suggest that the stroke risk factors hypertension and advanced age are associated with increased subendothelial accumulation of monocytes and macrophages. This accumulation could increase the tendency for the endothelium to convert from an anticoagulant to a procoagulant surface in response to mediators released from these subendothelial cells.},
  subject      = {Willebrand-Faktor},
  language  = {en}
}