@article{Solymosi2021, author = {Solymosi, L{\´a}szl{\´o}}, title = {Three Decades of Success for Clinical Neuroradiology}, series = {Clinical Neuroradiology}, volume = {31}, journal = {Clinical Neuroradiology}, number = {3}, doi = {10.1007/s00062-021-01090-6}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-264772}, pages = {543-544}, year = {2021}, abstract = {No abstract available.}, language = {en} } @article{SchmitzKodererElMeseryetal.2021, author = {Schmitz, Werner and Koderer, Corinna and El-Mesery, Mohamed and Gobik, Sebastian and Sampers, Rene and Straub, Anton and K{\"u}bler, Alexander Christian and Seher, Axel}, title = {Metabolic fingerprinting of murine L929 fibroblasts as a cell-based tumour suppressor model system for methionine restriction}, series = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences}, volume = {22}, journal = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences}, number = {6}, issn = {1422-0067}, doi = {10.3390/ijms22063039}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-259198}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Since Otto Warburg reported in 1924 that cancer cells address their increased energy requirement through a massive intake of glucose, the cellular energy level has offered a therapeutic anticancer strategy. Methionine restriction (MetR) is one of the most effective approaches for inducing low-energy metabolism (LEM) due to the central position in metabolism of this amino acid. However, no simple in vitro system for the rapid analysis of MetR is currently available, and this study establishes the murine cell line L929 as such a model system. L929 cells react rapidly and efficiently to MetR, and the analysis of more than 150 different metabolites belonging to different classes (amino acids, urea and tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) cycles, carbohydrates, etc.) by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) defines a metabolic fingerprint and enables the identification of specific metabolites representing normal or MetR conditions. The system facilitates the rapid and efficient testing of potential cancer therapeutic metabolic targets. To date, MS studies of MetR have been performed using organisms and yeast, and the current LC/MS analysis of the intra- and extracellular metabolites in the murine cell line L929 over a period of 5 days thus provides new insights into the effects of MetR at the cellular metabolic level.}, language = {en} } @article{TrinksReinhardDrobnyetal.2021, author = {Trinks, Nora and Reinhard, Sebastian and Drobny, Matthias and Heilig, Linda and L{\"o}ffler, J{\"u}rgen and Sauer, Markus and Terpitz, Ulrich}, title = {Subdiffraction-resolution fluorescence imaging of immunological synapse formation between NK cells and A. fumigatus by expansion microscopy}, series = {Communications Biology}, volume = {4}, journal = {Communications Biology}, number = {1}, doi = {10.1038/s42003-021-02669-y}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-264996}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Expansion microscopy (ExM) enables super-resolution fluorescence imaging on standard microscopes by physical expansion of the sample. However, the investigation of interactions between different organisms such as mammalian and fungal cells by ExM remains challenging because different cell types require different expansion protocols to ensure identical, ideally isotropic expansion of both partners. Here, we introduce an ExM method that enables super-resolved visualization of the interaction between NK cells and Aspergillus fumigatus hyphae. 4-fold expansion in combination with confocal fluorescence imaging allows us to resolve details of cytoskeleton rearrangement as well as NK cells' lytic granules triggered by contact with an RFP-expressing A. fumigatus strain. In particular, subdiffraction-resolution images show polarized degranulation upon contact formation and the presence of LAMP1 surrounding perforin at the NK cell-surface post degranulation. Our data demonstrate that optimized ExM protocols enable the investigation of immunological synapse formation between two different species with so far unmatched spatial resolution.}, language = {en} } @article{vonHertzbergBoelchWagenbrennerArnholdtetal.2021, author = {von Hertzberg-Boelch, Sebastian Philipp and Wagenbrenner, Mike and Arnholdt, J{\"o}rg and Frenzel, Stephan and Holzapfel, Boris Michael and Rudert, Maximilian}, title = {Custom Made Monoflange Acetabular Components for the Treatment of Paprosky Type III Defects}, series = {Journal of Personalized Medicine}, volume = {11}, journal = {Journal of Personalized Medicine}, number = {4}, issn = {2075-4426}, doi = {10.3390/jpm11040283}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-236513}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Purpose: Patient-specific, flanged acetabular components are used for the treatment of Paprosky type III defects during revision total hip arthroplasty (THA). This monocentric retrospective cohort study analyzes the outcome of patients treated with custom made monoflanged acetabular components (CMACs) with intra- and extramedullary iliac fixation. Methods: 14 patients were included who underwent revision THA with CMACs for the treatment of Paprosky type III defects. Mechanism of THA failure was infection in 4 and aseptic loosening in 10 patients. Seven patients underwent no previous revision, the other seven patients underwent three or more previous revisions. Results: At a mean follow-up of 35.4 months (14-94), the revision rate of the implant was 28.3\%. Additionally, one perioperative dislocation and one superficial wound infection occurred. At one year postoperatively, we found a significant improvement of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) score (p = 0.015). Postoperative radiographic analysis revealed good hip joint reconstruction with a mean leg length discrepancy of 3 mm (-8-20), a mean lateralization of the horizontal hip center of rotation of 8 mm (-8-35), and a mean proximalization of the vertical hip center of rotation of 6 mm (13-26). Radiolucency lines were present in 30\%. Conclusion: CMACs can be considered an option for the treatment of acetabular bone loss in revision THA. Iliac intra- and extramedullary fixation allows soft tissue-adjusted hip joint reconstruction and improves hip function. However, failure rates are high, with periprosthetic infection being the main threat to successful outcome.}, language = {en} } @article{BaurRamserKelleretal.2021, author = {Baur, Johannes and Ramser, Michaela and Keller, Nicola and Muysoms, Filip and D{\"o}rfer, J{\"o}rg and Wiegering, Armin and Eisner, Lukas and Dietz, Ulrich A.}, title = {Robotische Hernienchirurgie II: Robotische prim{\"a}r ventrale und inzisionale Hernienversorgung (rv-TAPP und r-Rives/r-TARUP). Videobeitrag und Ergebnisse einer Kohortenstudie an 118 Patienten}, series = {Der Chirurg}, volume = {92}, journal = {Der Chirurg}, number = {9}, doi = {10.1007/s00104-021-01450-5}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-264912}, pages = {809-821}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Die endoskopische Versorgung von Umbilikal- und Inzisionalhernien hat sich in den vergangenen 30 Jahren an die Limitationen der konventionellen laparoskopischen Instrumente angepasst. Dazu geh{\"o}rt die Entwicklung von Netzen f{\"u}r die intraperitoneale Lage (intraperitoneales Onlay-Mesh, IPOM) mit antiadh{\"a}siven Beschichtungen; allerdings kommt es bei einem betr{\"a}chtlichen Teil dieser Patienten doch zu Adh{\"a}sionen. Minimal-invasive Verfahren f{\"u}hren zu weniger perioperativen Komplikationen, bei einer etwas h{\"o}heren Rezidivrate. Mit den ergonomischen Ressourcen der Robotik, die abgewinkelte Instrumente anbietet, besteht erstmals die M{\"o}glichkeit, Netze minimal-invasiv in unterschiedliche Bauchdeckenschichten zu implantieren und gleichzeitig eine morphologische und funktionelle Rekonstruktion der Bauchdecke zu erreichen. In diesem Videobeitrag wird die Versorgung von Ventral- und Inzisionalhernien mit Netzimplantation in den pr{\"a}peritonealen Raum (robotische ventrale transabdominelle pr{\"a}peritoneale Patchplastik, rv-TAPP) sowie in den retrorektalen Raum (r-Rives bzw. robotische transabdominelle retromuskul{\"a}re umbilikale Patchplastik [r-TARUP]) pr{\"a}sentiert. Es werden die Ergebnisse einer Kohortenstudie an 118 konsekutiven Patienten vorgestellt und im Hinblick auf den Mehrwert der robotischen Technik in der Extraperitonealisierung der Netze und in der Weiterbildung diskutiert.}, language = {de} } @article{BankogluStippGerberetal.2021, author = {Bankoglu, Ezgi Eyluel and Stipp, Franzisca and Gerber, Johanna and Seyfried, Florian and Heidland, August and Bahner, Udo and Stopper, Helga}, title = {Effect of cryopreservation on DNA damage and DNA repair activity in human blood samples in the comet assay}, series = {Archives of Toxicology}, volume = {95}, journal = {Archives of Toxicology}, number = {5}, doi = {10.1007/s00204-021-03012-4}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-265326}, pages = {1831-1841}, year = {2021}, abstract = {The comet assay is a commonly used method to determine DNA damage and repair activity in many types of samples. In recent years, the use of the comet assay in human biomonitoring became highly attractive due to its various modified versions, which may be useful to determine individual susceptibility in blood samples. However, in human biomonitoring studies, working with large sample numbers that are acquired over an extended time period requires some additional considerations. One of the most important issues is the storage of samples and its effect on the outcome of the comet assay. Another important question is the suitability of different blood preparations. In this study, we analysed the effect of cryopreservation on DNA damage and repair activity in human blood samples. In addition, we investigated the suitability of different blood preparations. The alkaline and FPG as well as two different types of repair comet assay and an in vitro hydrogen peroxide challenge were applied. Our results confirmed that cryopreserved blood preparations are suitable for investigating DNA damage in the alkaline and FPG comet assay in whole blood, buffy coat and PBMCs. Ex vivo hydrogen peroxide challenge yielded its optimal effect in isolated PBMCs. The utilised repair comet assay with either UVC or hydrogen peroxide-induced lesions and an aphidicolin block worked well in fresh PBMCs. Cryopreserved PBMCs could not be used immediately after thawing. However, a 16-h recovery with or without mitotic stimulation enabled the application of the repair comet assay, albeit only in a surviving cell fraction.}, language = {en} } @article{KalogirouSchwingerKocotetal.2021, author = {Kalogirou, Charis and Schwinger, Marcel and Kocot, Arkadius and Riedmiller, Hubertus}, title = {Troubleshooting of failed continence mechanisms in the ileocecal pouch: Operative technique and long-term results of the intussuscepted ileal nipple valve}, series = {International Journal of Urology}, volume = {28}, journal = {International Journal of Urology}, number = {11}, doi = {10.1111/iju.14654}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-259431}, pages = {1105-1111}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Objectives To provide a detailed step-by-step operative technique, and to report on long-term functional and metabolic outcomes in secondary continence mechanisms in the form of secondary intussuscepted ileal nipple valves in revisional surgery of ileocecal pouches. Methods From May 1997 to May 2015, 18 female and 10 male patients suffering from dysfunctional primary continence mechanisms of their ileocecal pouch underwent revisonal surgery to create a secondary ileal nipple valve at our tertiary referral center. The average follow-up period was 65.4 months. Results After surgery, 24 patients were continent by day and night, and four patients showed minor incontinence with the use of a safety pad. The average frequency of clean intermittent catheterization decreased both during the day and at night. The diameter of the catheters used for clean intermittent catheterization increased significantly. No patient showed stomal stenosis, change of stool habits or metabolic situation in the follow-up period. Furthermore, the creation of the secondary ileal nipple valves did not affect the capacity of the reservoir. In the long-term follow up, two patients required the construction of a third continence mechanism, making for an overall success rate of 92\% in the study group. Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first study of long-term results after the creation of secondary ileal nipple valves. We provide evidence that the creation of a secondary ileal nipple valve is a safe and reliable procedure for continence restoration in ileocecal pouches with excellent functional and metabolic long-term outcomes.}, language = {en} } @article{AbdElAzizElMaghrabyEwaldetal.2021, author = {Abd El-Aziz, Asmaa M. and El-Maghraby, Azza and Ewald, Andrea and Kandil, Sherif H.}, title = {In-vitro cytotoxicity study: cell viability and cell morphology of carbon nanofibrous scaffold/hydroxyapatite nanocomposites}, series = {Molecules}, volume = {26}, journal = {Molecules}, number = {6}, issn = {1420-3049}, doi = {10.3390/molecules26061552}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-234037}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Electrospun carbon nanofibers (CNFs), which were modified with hydroxyapatite, were fabricated to be used as a substrate for bone cell proliferation. The CNFs were derived from electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers after two steps of heat treatment: stabilization and carbonization. Carbon nanofibrous (CNF)/hydroxyapatite (HA) nanocomposites were prepared by two different methods; one of them being modification during electrospinning (CNF-8HA) and the second method being hydrothermal modification after carbonization (CNF-8HA; hydrothermally) to be used as a platform for bone tissue engineering. The biological investigations were performed using in-vitro cell counting, WST cell viability and cell morphology after three and seven days. L929 mouse fibroblasts were found to be more viable on the hydrothermally-modified CNF scaffolds than on the unmodified CNF scaffolds. The biological characterizations of the synthesized CNF/HA nanofibrous composites indicated higher capability of bone regeneration.}, language = {en} } @article{KowalewiczVorndranFeichtneretal.2021, author = {Kowalewicz, Katharina and Vorndran, Elke and Feichtner, Franziska and Waselau, Anja-Christina and Brueckner, Manuel and Meyer-Lindenberg, Andrea}, title = {In-vivo degradation behavior and osseointegration of 3D powder-printed calcium magnesium phosphate cement scaffolds}, series = {Materials}, volume = {14}, journal = {Materials}, number = {4}, issn = {1996-1944}, doi = {10.3390/ma14040946}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-228929}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Calcium magnesium phosphate cements (CMPCs) are promising bone substitutes and experience great interest in research. Therefore, in-vivo degradation behavior, osseointegration and biocompatibility of three-dimensional (3D) powder-printed CMPC scaffolds were investigated in the present study. The materials Mg225 (Ca\(_{0.75}\)Mg\(_{2.25}\)(PO\(_4\))\(_2\)) and Mg225d (Mg225 treated with diammonium hydrogen phosphate (DAHP)) were implanted as cylindrical scaffolds (h = 5 mm, {\O} = 3.8 mm) in both lateral femoral condyles in rabbits and compared with tricalcium phosphate (TCP). Treatment with DAHP results in the precipitation of struvite, thus reducing pore size and overall porosity and increasing pressure stability. Over 6 weeks, the scaffolds were evaluated clinically, radiologically, with Micro-Computed Tomography (µCT) and histological examinations. All scaffolds showed excellent biocompatibility. X-ray and in-vivo µCT examinations showed a volume decrease and increasing osseointegration over time. Structure loss and volume decrease were most evident in Mg225. Histologically, all scaffolds degraded centripetally and were completely traversed by new bone, in which the remaining scaffold material was embedded. While after 6 weeks, Mg225d and TCP were still visible as a network, only individual particles of Mg225 were present. Based on these results, Mg225 and Mg225d appear to be promising bone substitutes for various loading situations that should be investigated further.}, language = {en} } @article{GrobTritscherGruebeletal.2021, author = {Grob, Robin and Tritscher, Clara and Gr{\"u}bel, Kornelia and Stigloher, Christian and Groh, Claudia and Fleischmann, Pauline N. and R{\"o}ssler, Wolfgang}, title = {Johnston's organ and its central projections in Cataglyphis desert ants}, series = {Journal of Comparative Neurology}, volume = {529}, journal = {Journal of Comparative Neurology}, number = {8}, doi = {10.1002/cne.25077}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-225679}, pages = {2138 -- 2155}, year = {2021}, abstract = {The Johnston's organ (JO) in the insect antenna is a multisensory organ involved in several navigational tasks including wind-compass orientation, flight control, graviception, and, possibly, magnetoreception. Here we investigate the three dimensional anatomy of the JO and its neuronal projections into the brain of the desert ant Cataglyphis, a marvelous long-distance navigator. The JO of C. nodus workers consists of 40 scolopidia comprising three sensory neurons each. The numbers of scolopidia slightly vary between different sexes (female/male) and castes (worker/queen). Individual scolopidia attach to the intersegmental membrane between pedicel and flagellum of the antenna and line up in a ring-like organization. Three JO nerves project along the two antennal nerve branches into the brain. Anterograde double staining of the antennal afferents revealed that JO receptor neurons project to several distinct neuropils in the central brain. The T5 tract projects into the antennal mechanosensory and motor center (AMMC), while the T6 tract bypasses the AMMC via the saddle and forms collaterals terminating in the posterior slope (PS) (T6I), the ventral complex (T6II), and the ventrolateral protocerebrum (T6III). Double labeling of JO and ocellar afferents revealed that input from the JO and visual information from the ocelli converge in tight apposition in the PS. The general JO anatomy and its central projection patterns resemble situations in honeybees and Drosophila. The multisensory nature of the JO together with its projections to multisensory neuropils in the ant brain likely serves synchronization and calibration of different sensory modalities during the ontogeny of navigation in Cataglyphis.}, language = {en} } @article{SchmitzRiesKodereretal.2021, author = {Schmitz, Werner and Ries, Elena and Koderer, Corinna and V{\"o}lter, Maximilian Friedrich and W{\"u}nsch, Anna Chiara and El-Mesery, Mohamed and Frackmann, Kyra and K{\"u}bler, Alexander Christian and Linz, Christian and Seher, Axel}, title = {Cysteine restriction in murine L929 fibroblasts as an alternative strategy to methionine restriction in cancer therapy}, series = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences}, volume = {22}, journal = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences}, number = {21}, issn = {1422-0067}, doi = {10.3390/ijms222111630}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-265486}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Methionine restriction (MetR) is an efficient method of amino acid restriction (AR) in cells and organisms that induces low energy metabolism (LEM) similar to caloric restriction (CR). The implementation of MetR as a therapy for cancer or other diseases is not simple since the elimination of a single amino acid in the diet is difficult. However, the in vivo turnover rate of cysteine is usually higher than the rate of intake through food. For this reason, every cell can enzymatically synthesize cysteine from methionine, which enables the use of specific enzymatic inhibitors. In this work, we analysed the potential of cysteine restriction (CysR) in the murine cell line L929. This study determined metabolic fingerprints using mass spectrometry (LC/MS). The profiles were compared with profiles created in an earlier work under MetR. The study was supplemented by proliferation studies using D-amino acid analogues and inhibitors of intracellular cysteine synthesis. CysR showed a proliferation inhibition potential comparable to that of MetR. However, the metabolic footprints differed significantly and showed that CysR does not induce classic LEM at the metabolic level. Nevertheless, CysR offers great potential as an alternative for decisive interventions in general and tumour metabolism at the metabolic level.}, language = {en} } @article{DischingerHasingerKoenigsraineretal.2021, author = {Dischinger, Ulrich and Hasinger, Julia and K{\"o}nigsrainer, Malina and Corteville, Carolin and Otto, Christoph and Fassnacht, Martin and Hankir, Mohamed and Seyfried, Florian Johannes David}, title = {Toward a Medical Gastric Bypass: Chronic Feeding Studies With Liraglutide + PYY\(_{3-36}\) Combination Therapy in Diet-Induced Obese Rats}, series = {Frontiers in Endocrinology}, volume = {11}, journal = {Frontiers in Endocrinology}, issn = {1664-2392}, doi = {10.3389/fendo.2020.598843}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-223113}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Background Combination therapies of anorectic gut hormones partially mimic the beneficial effects of bariatric surgery. Thus far, the effects of a combined chronic systemic administration of Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide tyrosine tyrosine 3-36 (PYY\(_{3-36}\)) have not been directly compared to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) in a standardized experimental setting. Methods High-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese male Wistar rats were randomized into six treatment groups: (1) RYGB, (2) sham-operation (shams), (3) liraglutide, (4) PYY\(_{3-36}\), (5) PYY\(_{3-36}\)+liraglutide (6), saline. Animals were kept on a free choice high- and low-fat diet. Food intake, preference, and body weight were measured daily for 4 weeks. Open field (OP) and elevated plus maze (EPM) tests were performed. Results RYGB reduced food intake and achieved sustained weight loss. Combined PYY\(_{3-36}\)+liraglutide treatment led to similar and plateaued weight loss compared to RYGB. Combined PYY\(_{3-36}\)+liraglutide treatment was superior to PYY\(_{3-36}\) (p ≤ 0.0001) and liraglutide (p ≤ 0.05 or p ≤ 0.01) mono-therapy. PYY\(_{3-36}\)+liraglutide treatment and RYGB also reduced overall food intake and (less pronounced) high-fat preference compared to controls. The animals showed no signs of abnormal behavior in OF or EPM. Conclusions Liraglutide and PYY\(_{3-36}\) combination therapy vastly mimics reduced food intake, food choice and weight reducing benefits of RYGB.}, language = {en} } @article{BohnertGeorgiadesMonoranuetal.2021, author = {Bohnert, Simone and Georgiades, Kosmas and Monoranu, Camelia-Maria and Bohnert, Michael and B{\"u}ttner, Andreas and Ondruschka, Benjamin}, title = {Quantitative evidence of suppressed TMEM119 microglial immunohistochemistry in fatal morphine intoxications}, series = {International Journal of Legal Medicine}, volume = {135}, journal = {International Journal of Legal Medicine}, number = {6}, issn = {1437-1596}, doi = {10.1007/s00414-021-02699-5}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-266934}, pages = {2315-2322}, year = {2021}, abstract = {The aim of this pilot study was to investigate the diagnostic potential of TMEM119 as a useful microglia-specific marker in combination with immunostainings for phagocytic function and infiltrating capacity of monocytes in cases of lethal monosubstance intoxications by morphine (MOR), methamphetamine (METH), and of ethanol-associated death (ETH) respectively. Human brain tissue samples were obtained from forensic autopsies of cases with single substance abuse (MOR, n = 8; ETH, n = 10; METH, n = 9) and then compared to a cohort of cardiovascular fatalities as controls (n = 9). Brain tissue samples of cortex, white matter, and hippocampus were collected and stained immunohistochemically with antibodies against TMEM119, CD68KiM1P, and CCR2. We could document the lowest density of TMEM119-positive cells in MOR deaths with highly significant differences to the control densities in all three regions investigated. In ETH and METH deaths, the expression of TMEM119 was comparable to cell densities in controls. The results indicate that the immunoreaction in brain tissue is different in these groups depending on the drug type used for abuse.}, language = {en} } @article{KruegerLeskienSchulleretal.2021, author = {Kr{\"u}ger, S{\"o}ren and Leskien, Miriam and Schuller, Patricia and Prifert, Christiane and Weißbrich, Benedikt and Vogel, Ulrich and Krone, Manuel}, title = {Performance and feasibility of universal PCR admission screening for SARS-CoV-2 in a German tertiary care hospital}, series = {Journal of Medical Virology}, volume = {93}, journal = {Journal of Medical Virology}, number = {5}, doi = {10.1002/jmv.26770}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-238971}, pages = {2890 -- 2898}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Anamnestic screening of symptoms and contact history is applied to identify coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients on admission. However, asymptomatic and presymptomatic patients remain undetected although the viral load may be high. In this retrospective cohort study, all hospitalized patients who received polymerase chain reaction (PCR) admission testing from March 26th until May 24th, 2020 were included. Data on COVID-19-specific symptoms and contact history to COVID-19 cases were retrospectively extracted from patient files and from contact tracing notes. The compliance to the universal testing protocol was high with 90\%. Out of 6940 tested patients, 27 new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infections (0.4\%) were detected. Seven of those COVID-19 cases (26\% of all new cases) were asymptomatic and had no positive contact history, but were identified through a positive PCR test. The number needed to identify an asymptomatic patient was 425 in the first wave of the epidemic, 1218 in the low incidence phase. The specificity of the method was above 99.9\%. Universal PCR testing was highly accepted by staff as demonstrated by high compliance. The costs to detect one asymptomatic case in future studies need to be traded off against the costs and damage caused by potential outbreaks of COVID-19.}, language = {en} } @article{Broecker2021, author = {Br{\"o}cker, E. B.}, title = {Pioneers in Dermatology and Venereology: an interview with Professor Eva-Bettina Br{\"o}cker}, series = {Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology}, volume = {35}, journal = {Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology}, number = {6}, doi = {10.1111/jdv.17292}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-259460}, pages = {1248-1250}, year = {2021}, abstract = {No abstract available.}, language = {en} } @article{SpringerHeldMengolietal.2021, author = {Springer, Jan and Held, J{\"u}rgen and Mengoli, Carlo and Schlegel, Paul Gerhardt and Gamon, Florian and Tr{\"a}ger, Johannes and Kurzai, Oliver and Einsele, Hermann and Loeffler, Juergen and Eyrich, Matthias}, title = {Diagnostic performance of (1→3)-β-D-glucan alone and in combination with aspergillus PCR and galactomannan in serum of pediatric patients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation}, series = {Journal of Fungi}, volume = {7}, journal = {Journal of Fungi}, number = {3}, issn = {2309-608X}, doi = {10.3390/jof7030238}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-234179}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Data on biomarker-assisted diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis (IA) in pediatric patients is scarce. Therefore, we conducted a cohort study over two years including 404 serum specimens of 26 pediatric patients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT). Sera were tested prospectively twice weekly for Aspergillus-specific DNA, galactomannan (GM), and retrospectively for (1→3)-β-D-glucan (BDG). Three probable IA and two possible invasive fungal disease (IFD) cases were identified using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer and the Mycoses Study Group (EORTC/MSGERC) 2019 consensus definitions. Sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis of probable IA and possible IFD was 80\% (95\% confidential interval (CI): 28-99\%) and 55\% (95\% CI: 32-77\%) for BDG, 40\% (95\% CI: 5-85\%) and 100\% (95\% CI: 83-100\%) for GM, and 60\% (95\% CI: 15-95\%) and 95\% (95\% CI: 75-100\%) for Aspergillus-specific real-time PCR. However, sensitivities have to be interpreted with great caution due to the limited number of IA cases. Interestingly, the low specificity of BDG was largely caused by false-positive BDG results that clustered around the date of alloSCT. The following strategies were able to increase BDG specificity: two consecutive positive BDG tests for diagnosis (specificity 80\% (95\% CI: 56-94\%)); using an optimized cutoff value of 306 pg/mL (specificity 90\% (95\% CI: 68-99\%)) and testing BDG only after the acute posttransplant phase. In summary, BDG can help to diagnose IA in pediatric alloSCT recipients. However, due to the poor specificity either an increased cutoff value should be utilized or BDG results should be confirmed by an alternative Aspergillus assay.}, language = {en} } @article{JaegerWegenerSauer2021, author = {J{\"a}ger, Andreas and Wegener, Sonja and Sauer, Otto A.}, title = {Dose rate correction for a silicon diode detector array}, series = {Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics}, volume = {22}, journal = {Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics}, number = {10}, doi = {10.1002/acm2.13409}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-260446}, pages = {144-151}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Purpose A signal dependence on dose rate was reported for the ArcCHECK array due to recombination processes within the diodes. The purpose of our work was to quantify the necessary correction and apply them to quality assurance measurements. Methods Static 10 × 10 cm\(^2\) 6-MV fields delivered by a linear accelerator were applied to the detector array while decreasing the average dose rate, that is, the pulse frequency, from 500 to 30 MU/min. An ion chamber was placed inside the ArcCHECK cavity as a reference. Furthermore, the instantaneous dose rate dependence (DRD) was studied. The position of the detector was adjusted to change the dose-per-pulse, varying the distance between the focus and the diode closest to the focus between 69.6 and 359.6 cm. Reference measurements were performed with an ion chamber placed inside a PMMA slab phantom at the same source-to-detector distances (SDDs). Exponential saturation functions were fitted to the data, with different parameters to account for two generations of ArcCHECK detectors (types 2 and 3) and both DRDs. Corrections were applied to 12 volumetric modulated arc therapy plans. Results The sensitivity decreased by up to 2.8\% with a decrease in average dose rate and by 9\% with a decrease in instantaneous dose rate. Correcting the average DRD, the mean gamma pass rates (2\%/2-mm criterion) of the treatment plans were improved by 5 percentage points (PP) for diode type 3 and 0.4 PP for type 2. Correcting the instantaneous DRD, the improvement was 8.4 PP for type 3 and 0.9 PP for type 2. Conclusions The instantaneous DRD was identified as the prevailing effect on the diode sensitivity. We developed and validated a method to correct this behavior. The number of falsely not passed treatment plans could be considerably reduced.}, language = {en} } @article{KrastlWeigerFilippietal.2021, author = {Krastl, G. and Weiger, R. and Filippi, A. and van Wees, H. and Ebeleseder, K. and Ree, M. and Connert, T. and Widbiller, M. and Tj{\"a}derhane, L. and Dummer, P. M. H. and Galler, K.}, title = {Endodontic management of traumatized permanent teeth: a comprehensive review}, series = {International Endodontic Journal}, volume = {54}, journal = {International Endodontic Journal}, number = {8}, doi = {10.1111/iej.13508}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-259412}, pages = {1221-1245}, year = {2021}, abstract = {The pulp plays a key role in the treatment of traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) and is strongly associated with the outcome, particularly in severe cases. A correct pulp diagnosis is essential as it forms the basis for developing the appropriate management strategy. However, many TDIs are complex, and their treatment requires a profound knowledge of the physiological and pathological responses of the affected tissues. This comprehensive review will look at the dentine-pulp complex and its interaction with the surrounding tissues following TDIs. The literature up to 2020 was reviewed based on several searches on PubMed and the Cochrane Library using relevant terms. In addition to the recently revised guidelines of the International Association of Dental Traumatology, this article aims to provide background information with a focus on endodontic aspects and to gather evidence on which a clinician can make decisions on the choice of the appropriate endodontic approach for traumatized permanent teeth.}, language = {en} } @article{MottolaRamirezZavalaHuenningeretal.2021, author = {Mottola, Austin and Ram{\´i}rez-Zavala, Bernardo and H{\"u}nninger, Kerstin and Kurzai, Oliver and Morschh{\"a}user, Joachim}, title = {The zinc cluster transcription factor Czf1 regulates cell wall architecture and integrity in Candida albicans}, series = {Molecular Microbiology}, volume = {116}, journal = {Molecular Microbiology}, number = {2}, doi = {10.1111/mmi.14727}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-259583}, pages = {483-497}, year = {2021}, abstract = {The fungal cell wall is essential for the maintenance of cellular integrity and mediates interactions of the cells with the environment. It is a highly flexible organelle whose composition and organization is modulated in response to changing growth conditions. In the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans, a network of signaling pathways regulates the structure of the cell wall, and mutants with defects in these pathways are hypersensitive to cell wall stress. By harnessing a library of genetically activated forms of all C. albicans zinc cluster transcription factors, we found that a hyperactive Czf1 rescued the hypersensitivity to cell wall stress of different protein kinase deletion mutants. The hyperactive Czf1 induced the expression of many genes with cell wall-related functions and caused visible changes in the cell wall structure. C. albicans czf1Δ mutants were hypersensitive to the antifungal drug caspofungin, which inhibits cell wall biosynthesis. The changes in cell wall architecture caused by hyperactivity or absence of Czf1 resulted in an increased recognition of C. albicans by human neutrophils. Our results show that Czf1, which is known as a regulator of filamentous growth and white-opaque switching, controls the expression of cell wall genes and modulates the architecture of the cell wall.}, language = {en} } @article{EichnerReisDoresetal.2021, author = {Eichner, Felizitas A. and Reis, Joschua M. and Dores, Joaquim and Pavlovic, Vladimir and Kreß, Luisa and Daneshkhah, Naeimeh and Weinhardt, Renate and Grau, Armin and M{\"u}hler, Johannes and Soda, Hassan and Schwarzbach, Christopher J. and Schuler, Michael and H{\"a}usler, Karl Georg and Heuschmann, Peter U.}, title = {Cross-sectional study on patients' understanding and views of the informed consent procedure of a secondary stroke prevention trial}, series = {European Journal of Neurology}, volume = {28}, journal = {European Journal of Neurology}, number = {8}, doi = {10.1111/ene.14917}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-259404}, pages = {2639-2647}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Background and purpose Improving understanding of study contents and procedures might enhance recruitment into studies and retention during follow-up. However, data in stroke patients on understanding of the informed consent (IC) procedure are sparse. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study among ischemic stroke patients taking part in the IC procedure of an ongoing cluster-randomized secondary prevention trial. All aspects of the IC procedure were assessed in an interview using a standardized 20-item questionnaire. Responses were collected within 72 h after the IC procedure and analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. Participants were also asked their main reasons for participation. Results A total of 146 stroke patients (65 ± 12 years old, 38\% female) were enrolled. On average, patients recalled 66.4\% (95\% confidence interval = 65.2\%-67.5\%) of the content of the IC procedure. Most patients understood that participation was voluntary (99.3\%) and that they had the right to withdraw consent (97.1\%); 79.1\% of the patients recalled the study duration and 56.1\% the goal. Only 40.3\% could clearly state a benefit of participation, and 28.8\% knew their group allocation. Younger age, higher graduation, and allocation to the intervention group were associated with better understanding. Of all patients, 53\% exclusively stated a personal and 22\% an altruistic reason for participation. Conclusions Whereas understanding of patient rights was high, many patients were unable to recall other important aspects of study content and procedures. Increased attention to older and less educated patients may help to enhance understanding in this patient population. Actual recruitment and retention benefit of an improved IC procedure remains to be tested in a randomized trial.}, language = {en} }