@article{BenderReschKleinetal.2012, author = {Bender, Stephan and Resch, Franz and Klein, Christoph and Renner, Tobias and Fallgatter, Andreas J. and Weisbrod, Matthias and Romanos, Marcel}, title = {Influence of Stimulant Medication and Response Speed on Lateralization of Movement-Related Potentials in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder}, series = {PLoS One}, volume = {7}, journal = {PLoS One}, number = {6}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0039012}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-135262}, pages = {e39012}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Background: Hyperactivity is one of the core symptoms in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, it remains unclear in which way the motor system itself and its development are affected by the disorder. Movement-related potentials (MRP) can separate different stages of movement execution, from the programming of a movement to motor post-processing and memory traces. Pre-movement MRP are absent or positive during early childhood and display a developmental increase of negativity. Methods: We examined the influences of response-speed, an indicator of the level of attention, and stimulant medication on lateralized MRP in 16 children with combined type ADHD compared to 20 matched healthy controls. Results: We detected a significantly diminished lateralisation of MRP over the pre-motor and primary motor cortex during movement execution (initial motor potential peak, iMP) in patients with ADHD. Fast reactions (indicating increased visuo-motor attention) led to increased lateralized negativity during movement execution only in healthy controls, while in children with ADHD faster reaction times were associated with more positive amplitudes. Even though stimulant medication had some effect on attenuating group differences in lateralized MRP, this effect was insufficient to normalize lateralized iMP amplitudes. Conclusions: A reduced focal (lateralized) motor cortex activation during the command to muscle contraction points towards an immature motor system and a maturation delay of the (pre-) motor cortex in children with ADHD. A delayed maturation of the neuronal circuitry, which involves primary motor cortex, may contribute to ADHD pathophysiology.}, language = {en} } @article{HavikDegenhardtJohanssonetal.2012, author = {Havik, Bjarte and Degenhardt, Franziska A. and Johansson, Stefan and Fernandes, Carla P. D. and Hinney, Anke and Scherag, Andr{\´e} and Lybaek, Helle and Djurovic, Srdjan and Christoforou, Andrea and Ersland, Kari M. and Giddaluru, Sudheer and O'Donovan, Michael C. and Owen, Michael J. and Craddock, Nick and M{\"u}hleisen, Thomas W. and Mattheisen, Manuel and Schimmelmann, Benno G. and Renner, Tobias and Warnke, Andreas and Herpertz-Dahlmann, Beate and Sinzig, Judith and Albayrak, {\"O}zg{\"u}r and Rietschel, Marcella and N{\"o}then, Markus M. and Bramham, Clive R. and Werge, Thomas and Hebebrand, Johannes and Haavik, Jan and Andreassen, Ole A. and Cichon, Sven and Steen, Vidar M. and Le Hellard, Stephanie}, title = {DCLK1 Variants Are Associated across Schizophrenia and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder}, series = {PLoS One}, volume = {7}, journal = {PLoS One}, number = {4}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0035424}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-135285}, pages = {e35424}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Doublecortin and calmodulin like kinase 1 (DCLK1) is implicated in synaptic plasticity and neurodevelopment. Genetic variants in DCLK1 are associated with cognitive traits, specifically verbal memory and general cognition. We investigated the role of DCLK1 variants in three psychiatric disorders that have neuro-cognitive dysfunctions: schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar affective disorder (BP) and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We mined six genome wide association studies (GWASs) that were available publically or through collaboration; three for BP, two for SCZ and one for ADHD. We also genotyped the DCLK1 region in additional samples of cases with SCZ, BP or ADHD and controls that had not been whole-genome typed. In total, 9895 subjects were analysed, including 5308 normal controls and 4,587 patients (1,125 with SCZ, 2,496 with BP and 966 with ADHD). Several DCLK1 variants were associated with disease phenotypes in the different samples. The main effect was observed for rs7989807 in intron 3, which was strongly associated with SCZ alone and even more so when cases with SCZ and ADHD were combined (P-value = 4x10\(^{-5}\) and 4x10\(^{-6}\), respectively). Associations were also observed with additional markers in intron 3 (combination of SCZ, ADHD and BP), intron 19 (SCZ+BP) and the 3'UTR (SCZ+BP). Our results suggest that genetic variants in DCLK1 are associated with SCZ and, to a lesser extent, with ADHD and BP. Interestingly the association is strongest when SCZ and ADHD are considered together, suggesting common genetic susceptibility. Given that DCLK1 variants were previously found to be associated with cognitive traits, these results are consistent with the role of DCLK1 in neurodevelopment and synaptic plasticity.}, language = {en} } @article{NeuhoffBruderBartlingetal.2012, author = {Neuhoff, Nina and Bruder, Jennifer and Bartling, J{\"u}rgen and Warnke, Andreas and Remschmidt, Helmut and M{\"u}ller-Myhsok, Bertram and Schulte-K{\"o}rne, Gerd}, title = {Evidence for the Late MMN as a Neurophysiological Endophenotype for Dyslexia}, series = {PLoS One}, volume = {7}, journal = {PLoS One}, number = {5}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0034909}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-133686}, pages = {e34909}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Dyslexia affects 5-10\% of school-aged children and is therefore one of the most common learning disorders. Research on auditory event related potentials (AERP), particularly the mismatch negativity (MMN) component, has revealed anomalies in individuals with dyslexia to speech stimuli. Furthermore, candidate genes for this disorder were found through molecular genetic studies. A current challenge for dyslexia research is to understand the interaction between molecular genetics and brain function, and to promote the identification of relevant endophenotypes for dyslexia. The present study examines MMN, a neurophysiological correlate of speech perception, and its potential as an endophenotype for dyslexia in three groups of children. The first group of children was clinically diagnosed with dyslexia, whereas the second group of children was comprised of their siblings who had average reading and spelling skills and were therefore "unaffected'' despite having a genetic risk for dyslexia. The third group consisted of control children who were not related to the other groups and were also unaffected. In total, 225 children were included in the study. All children showed clear MMN activity to/da/-/ba/ contrasts that could be separated into three distinct MMN components. Whilst the first two MMN components did not differentiate the groups, the late MMN component (300-700 ms) revealed significant group differences. The mean area of the late MMN was attenuated in both the dyslexic children and their unaffected siblings in comparison to the control children. This finding is indicative of analogous alterations of neurophysiological processes in children with dyslexia and those with a genetic risk for dyslexia, without a manifestation of the disorder. The present results therefore further suggest that the late MMN might be a potential endophenotype for dyslexia.}, language = {en} } @article{vonKriesWeissFalkenhorstetal.2011, author = {von Kries, R{\"u}diger and Weiss, Susanne and Falkenhorst, Gerhard and Wirth, Stephan and Kaiser, Petra and Huppertz, Hans-Iko and Tenenbaum, Tobias and Schroten, Horst and Streng, Andrea and Liese, Johannes and Shai, Sonu and Niehues, Tim and Girschick, Hermann and Kuscher, Ellen and Sauerbrey, Axel and Peters, Jochen and Wirsing von Koenig, Carl Heinz and R{\"u}ckinger, Simon and Hampl, Walter and Michel, Detlef and Mertens, Thomas}, title = {Post-Pandemic Seroprevalence of Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) 2009 Infection (Swine Flu) among Children < 18 Years in Germany}, series = {PLoS ONE}, volume = {6}, journal = {PLoS ONE}, number = {9}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0023955}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-141698}, pages = {e23955}, year = {2011}, abstract = {Background: We determined antibodies to the pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus in children to assess: the incidence of (H1N1) 2009 infections in the 2009/2010 season in Germany, the proportion of subclinical infections and to compare titers in vaccinated and infected children. Methodology/Principal Findings: Eight pediatric hospitals distributed over Germany prospectively provided sera from in-or outpatients aged 1 to 17 years from April 1(st) to July 31(st) 2010. Vaccination history, recall of infections and sociodemographic factors were ascertained. Antibody titers were measured with a sensitive and specific in-house hemagglutination inhibition test (HIT) and compared to age-matched sera collected during 6 months before the onset of the pandemic in Germany. We analyzed 1420 post-pandemic and 300 pre-pandemic sera. Among unvaccinated children aged 1-4 and 5-17 years the prevalence of HI titers (>= 1:10) was 27.1\% (95\% CI: 23.5-31.3) and 53.5\% (95\% CI: 50.9-56.2) compared to 1.7\% and 5.5\%, respectively, for pre-pandemic sera, accounting for a serologically determined incidence of influenza A (H1N1) 2009 during the season 2009/2010 of 25,4\% (95\% CI : 19.3-30.5) in children aged 1-4 years and 48.0\% (95\% CI: 42.6-52.0) in 5-17 year old children. Of children with HI titers >= 1: 10, 25.5\% (95\% CI: 22.5-28.8) reported no history of any infectious disease since June 2009. Among vaccinated children, 92\% (95\%-CI: 87.0-96.6) of the 5-17 year old but only 47.8\% (95\%-CI: 33.5-66.5) of the 1-4 year old children exhibited HI titers against influenza A virus (H1N1) 2009. Conclusion: Serologically determined incidence of influenza A (H1N1) 2009 infections in children indicates high infection rates with older children (5-17 years) infected twice as often as younger children. In about a quarter of the children with HI titers after the season 2009/2010 subclinical infections must be assumed. Low HI titers in young children after vaccination with the AS03(B)-adjuvanted split virion vaccine need further scrutiny.}, language = {en} } @article{HammHoeger2011, author = {Hamm, Henning and H{\"o}ger, Peter H}, title = {Skin Tumors in Childhood}, series = {Deutsches {\"A}rzteblatt International}, volume = {108}, journal = {Deutsches {\"A}rzteblatt International}, number = {20}, doi = {10.3238/arztebl.2011.0347}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-142402}, pages = {347-353}, year = {2011}, abstract = {Background: Dermatologists, paediatricians, and general practitioners are often consulted by worried parents for the evaluation of a cutaneous tumor. Methods: Selective literature review. Results: Only 1-2\% of skin tumors excised in children turn out to be malignant when examined histologically. Warning signs of malignancy include rapid growth, firm consistency, diameter exceeding 3 cm, ulceration, a non-movable mass, and presence in the neonatal period. The more common malignant skin tumors in adults-basal cell carcinoma, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma-are very rare in childhood. Congenital melanocytic nevi and sebaceous nevi bear a lower malignant potential than previously believed; nevertheless, their excision is often indicated. A Spitz nevus can mimic a melanoma both clinically and histologically. Some benign skin tumors of childhood tend to regress spontaneously within a few years but may cause complications at particular locations and when multiple. For infantile hemangiomas requiring systemic treatment because of imminent obstruction or ulceration, propranolol seems to have a far more favorable risk-benefit ratio than corticosteroids. Conclusion: Physicians need specialized knowledge in order to decide whether a skin tumor in a child should be excised, non-surgically treated, or further evaluated, or whether it can be safely left untreated because of the likelihood of spontaneous remission.}, language = {en} } @article{GoepelBiehlKissleretal.2011, author = {Goepel, Johanna and Biehl, Stefanie C. and Kissler, Johanna and Paul-Jordanov, Isabelle}, title = {Pro- and antisaccades in children elicited by visual and acoustic targets - does modality matter?}, series = {BMC Pediatrics}, volume = {11}, journal = {BMC Pediatrics}, number = {116}, doi = {10.1186/1471-2431-11-116}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-141807}, pages = {1-8}, year = {2011}, abstract = {Background: Children are able to inhibit a prepotent reaction to suddenly arising visual stimuli, although this skill is not yet as pronounced as it is in adulthood. However, up to now the inhibition mechanism to acoustic stimuli has been scarcely investigated Methods: Reflexive (prosaccade) and inhibitory (antisaccade) responses to visual and acoustic targets were examined with an eye tracker system in 31 children between seven and twelve years of age using a gap-overlap task and two target eccentricities. Results: Acoustically cued saccades had longer reaction times than visually cued saccades. A gap effect (i.e., shorter reaction time in the gap than the overlap condition) was only found for visually elicited saccades, whereas an eccentricity effect (i.e., faster saccades to more laterally presented targets - 12 degrees vs. 6 degrees or rather 90 degrees vs. 45 degrees) was only present in the acoustic condition. Longer reaction times of antisaccades compared to prosaccades were found only in the visual task. Across both tasks the typical pattern of elevated error rates in the antisaccade condition was found. Antisaccade errors declined with age, indicating an ongoing development of inhibitory functions. Conclusions: The present results lay the ground for further studies of acoustically triggered saccades in typically as well as atypically developing children and it might thus be possible to upgrade physiological diagnostic tools.}, language = {en} } @article{ReinardsAlbersBrinkmanetal.2011, author = {Reinards, THCM and Albers, HM and Brinkman, DMC and Kamphuis, SSM and van Rossum, MAJ and Hoppenreijs, EPAH and Girschick, HJ and Wouters, C and Saurenmann, RK and Houwing-Duistermaat, JJ and Toes, REM and Huizinga, TWJ and ten Cate, R and Schilham, MW}, title = {Association of the CCR5Δ32 variant with juvenile idiopathic arthritis in a meta-analysis}, series = {Pediatric Rheumatology}, volume = {9}, journal = {Pediatric Rheumatology}, number = {Suppl. 1}, doi = {10.1186/1546-0096-9-S1-P287}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-133763}, pages = {P287}, year = {2011}, abstract = {No abstract available.}, language = {en} } @article{ReinardsAlbersBrinkmanetal.2011, author = {Reinards, THCM and Albers, HM and Brinkman, DMC and Kamphuis, SSM and van Rossum, MAJ and Hoppenreijs, EPAH and Girschick, HJ and Wouters, C and Saurenmann, RK and Houwing-Duistermaat, JJ and Toes, REM and Huizinga, TWJ and ten Cate, R and Schilham, MW}, title = {Association of the CD226 (DNAM-1) Gly307Ser polymorphism with juvenile idiopathic arthritis}, series = {Pediatric Rheumatology}, volume = {9}, journal = {Pediatric Rheumatology}, number = {Suppl. 1}, doi = {10.1186/1546-0096-9-S1-P286}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-133773}, pages = {P286}, year = {2011}, abstract = {No abstract available.}, language = {en} }