@phdthesis{Reinhard2023,
  author    = {Reinhard, Sebastian},
  title     = {Improving Super-Resolution Microscopy Data Reconstruction and Evaluation by Developing Advanced Processing Algorithms and Artifcial Neuronal Networks},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-31695},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-316959},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {The fusion of methods from several disciplines is a crucial component of scientific development. Artificial Neural Networks, based on the principle of biological neuronal networks, demonstrate how nature provides the best templates for technological advancement. These innovations can then be employed to solve the remaining mysteries of biology, including, in particular, processes that take place on microscopic scales and can only be studied with sophisticated techniques. For instance, direct Stochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy combines tools from chemistry, physics, and computer science to visualize biological processes at the molecular level. One of the key components is the computer-aided reconstruction of super-resolved images. Improving the corresponding algorithms increases the quality of the generated data, providing further insights into our biology. It is important, however, to ensure that the heavily processed images are still a reflection of reality and do not originate in random artefacts. Expansion microscopy is expanding the sample by embedding it in a swellable hydrogel. The method can be combined with other super-resolution techniques to gain additional resolution. We tested this approach on microtubules, a well-known filamentous reference structure, to evaluate the performance of different protocols and labelling techniques. We developed LineProfiler an objective tool for data collection. Instead of collecting perpendicular profiles in small areas, the software gathers line profiles from filamentous structures of the entire image. This improves data quantity, quality and prevents a biased choice of the evaluated regions. On the basis of the collected data, we deployed theoretical models of the expected intensity distribution across the filaments. This led to the conclusion that post-expansion labelling significantly reduces the labelling error and thus, improves the data quality. The software was further used to determine the expansion factor and arrangement of synaptonemal complex data. Automated Simple Elastix uses state-of-the-art image alignment to compare pre- and post-expansion images. It corrects linear distortions occurring under isotropic expansion, calculates a structural expansion factor and highlights structural mismatches in a distortion map. We used the software to evaluate expanded fungi and NK cells. We found that the expansion factor differs for the two structures and is lower than the overall expansion of the hydrogel. Assessing the fluorescence lifetime of emitters used for direct Stochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy can reveal additional information about the molecular environment or distinguish dyes emitting with a similar wavelength. The corresponding measurements require a confocal scanning of the sample in combination with the fluorescent switching of the underlying emitters. This leads to non-linear, interrupted Point Spread Functions. The software ReCSAI targets this problem by combining the classical algorithm of compressed sensing with modern methods of artificial intelligence. We evaluated several different approaches to combine these components and found, that unrolling compressed sensing into the network architecture yields the best performance in terms of reconstruction speed and accuracy. In addition to a deep insight into the functioning and learning of artificial intelligence in combination with classical algorithms, we were able to reconstruct the described non-linearities with significantly improved resolution, in comparison to other state-of-the-art architectures.},
  subject      = {Mikroskopie},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Stoessel2023,
  author    = {St{\"o}ßel, Anna},
  title     = {Auswirkungen zerebell{\"a}rer Gleichstromstimulation auf das motorische Lernen bei gesunden {\"a}lteren Probanden},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-31793},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-317930},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Sowohl neurologische Erkrankungen als auch der nat{\"u}rliche Alterungsprozess gehen regelhaft mit einem Untergang von Neuronen einher und bedingen neurologische Funktionsverluste. Diese mit Hilfe nicht-invasiver Techniken, beispielsweise tDCS, zu reduzieren, stellt ein wichtiges Ziel der neurowissenschaftlichen Forschung dar. Neben Arbeiten, die tDCS-Effekte auf das motorische Lernen bei Stimulation des motorischen Kortex nachweisen konnten, gibt es auch Hinweise f{\"u}r solche Effekte bei Stimulation des Kleinhirns. Allerdings besteht derzeit noch eine hohe Variabilit{\"a}t und damit einhergehend eine schlechte Vergleichbarkeit der Studien bez{\"u}glich ihrer Stimulationsbedingungen. Das Ansprechen unterschiedlicher Altersgruppen bleibt unklar. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden die Effekte zerebell{\"a}rer a-tDCS auf das motorische Lernen bei gesunden {\"a}lteren Probanden untersucht. Im Cross-over-Design wurde zu unterschiedlichen Zeitpunkten (vor bzw. nach der motorischen Aufgabe) stimuliert und im 24-Stunden-Verlauf die Langzeitwirkung evaluiert. Gruppe A erhielt vor einer motorischen {\"U}bungsaufgabe eine zerebell{\"a}re Stimulation, entweder als a-tDCS oder Scheinstimulation, Gruppe B nach der {\"U}bungsaufgabe. Zur {\"U}berpr{\"u}fung der Effekte auf das Sequenzlernen diente der Finger-Tapping-Task. Der Lernerfolg wurde anhand der Genauigkeit, der Sequenzdauer und des Skill-Index gemessen. Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass eine zerebell{\"a}re a-tDCS vor einer {\"U}bungsaufgabe zu einer Verbesserung der Konsolidierung der F{\"a}higkeit, eine Zahlenfolge m{\"o}glichst schnell und gleichzeitig genau einzutippen, f{\"u}hrt, w{\"a}hrend die Stimulation nach einer {\"U}bungsaufgabe das motorische Lernen nicht zu beeinflussen scheint. Insgesamt st{\"u}tzen die Ergebnisse zum Teil die bisherigen Hinweise, dass eine zerebell{\"a}r applizierte a-tDCS das motorische Lernen verbessern kann. Aufgrund einiger Limitationen, besonders der geringen Gruppengr{\"o}ße, verbleibt dieses Ergebnis jedoch vorl{\"a}ufig und bedarf einer Best{\"a}tigung in gr{\"o}ßeren Probandengruppen. Es bleibt von hohem Interesse, die optimalen Bedingungen f{\"u}r die Anwendung von tDCS am Kleinhirn zu definieren, um motorische Lernprozesse positiv zu beeinflussen. Dies ist die Voraussetzung daf{\"u}r, zerebell{\"a}re tDCS mittelfristig auch zu therapeutischen Zwecken anwenden zu k{\"o}nnen.},
  subject      = {Motorisches Lernen},
  language  = {de}
}
@incollection{Posthumus2019,
  author    = {Posthumus, Stephanie},
  title     = {Eco-Animal Assemblages in Contemporary French Thought},
  series = {Texts, Animals, Environments: Zoopoetics and Ecopoetics},
  booktitle = {Texts, Animals, Environments: Zoopoetics and Ecopoetics},
  publisher = {Rombach Druck- und Verlagshaus},
  address   = {Freiburg i. Br.},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-177807},
  publisher      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  pages     = {55-69},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {No abstract available.},
  language  = {en}
}
@incollection{Moe2019,
  author    = {Moe, Aaron M.},
  title     = {Holding on to Proteus; or, Toward a Poetics of Gaia},
  series = {Texts, Animals, Environments: Zoopoetics and Ecopoetics},
  booktitle = {Texts, Animals, Environments: Zoopoetics and Ecopoetics},
  publisher = {Rombach Druck- und Verlagshaus},
  address   = {Freiburg i. Br.},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-177796},
  publisher      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  pages     = {41-53},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {No abstract available.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Ebner2023,
  author    = {Ebner, Sebastian Manfred},
  title     = {Antimykotikaresistenzen bei deutschen \(Candida\) \(auris\) Isolaten},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-31806},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-318068},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Bei dem 2009 erstbeschriebenen Hefepilz C. auris handelt es sich um einen Keim, welcher aufgrund von nosokomialen Ausbr{\"u}chen und hohen Antimykotikaresistenzen Aufmerksamkeit erregte. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es in Deutschland gesammelte Isolate bez{\"u}glich vorhandener Resistenzen und Mutationen in Resistenzregionen zu testen und das epidemiologische Geschehen hierzulande mit dem globalen Auftreten des Keims zu vergleichen. Bez{\"u}glich der durchgef{\"u}hrten Resistenztestungen wiesen die CLSI-konformen Testarten (YO-Platten und E-Test-Verfahren) meist vergleichbare Ergebnisse auf. F{\"u}r das EUCAST-konforme Mikrodilutionstestverfahren kann aufgrund eines stark ausgepr{\"a}gten paradoxen Wachstumseffekts nur Anidulafungin, nicht jedoch Caspofungin, zur Testung empfohlen werden. Insgesamt erwiesen sich 25 \% der Isolate als Caspofungin-resistent. Zwei Isolate zeigten eine Resistenz gegen{\"u}ber allen getesteten Echinocandinen (16,7 \%). Die h{\"o}chsten Resistenzraten wurden gegen{\"u}ber Fluconazol (92 \%) beobachtet. Zwei der Isolate zeigten sich gegen{\"u}ber Voriconazol resistent (16,7 \%). F{\"u}r Amphotericin B konnte eine Resistenzrate von 33,3 \% festgestellt werden. F{\"u}r die Wirkstoffe Posaconazol und Itraconazol erwiesen sich alle untersuchten Isolate als sensitiv. Dies konnte auch mit Ausnahme eines Isolates f{\"u}r 5-Flucytosin beobachtet werden. Die durch eine Sanger-Sequenzierung erhaltenen Sequenzen der Gene FKS1 und ERG11 wurden auf Mutationen untersucht, welche zu Aminos{\"a}uresubstitutionen im Gesamtprotein f{\"u}hrten. Hierbei ergaben sich f{\"u}r zwei Isolate (16,7 \%) Mutationen im FKS1-Hot Spot 1 (Typ S639F und S639Y). Beide Isolate zeigten sich in den AFST Echinocandin-resistent. Bei allen untersuchten Isolaten lagen Mutationen im ERG11 Gen vor. So fand sich in 8 F{\"a}llen eine Mutation des Typen Y132F (66,7 \%), in 3 F{\"a}llen der Typ K143R (25 \%) und in einem Fall der Typ F126L (8,3 \%). Im Rahmen eines anderen Projekts wurde mit den hier gewonnenen PCR-Produkten ein WGS durchgef{\"u}hrt, um die Isolate durch SNPs-Vergleich mit Referenzst{\"a}mmen phylogenetischen Clades zuzuordnen. Dabei konnten 91,7 \% der Isolate dem s{\"u}dasiatischen Clade I und ein Isolat dem s{\"u}dafrikanischen Clade III zugeordnet werden. Aufgrund der geringen epidemiologischen Fallzahlen in Deutschland scheint gegenw{\"a}rtig keine Bedrohung von C. auris auszugehen. Berichte aus anderen L{\"a}ndern konnten allerdings eine rasche, ausbruchartige Zunahme von C. auris F{\"a}llen nachweisen. So kann nur angeraten werden das infektiologische Geschehen in Deutschland weiterhin zu beobachten.},
  subject      = {Candida},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Rizzo2023,
  author    = {Rizzo, Giuseppe},
  title     = {Determinants of macrophage and neutrophil heterogeneity in cardiac repair after myocardial infarction},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-31068},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-310680},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Current therapeutic strategies efficiently improve survival in patients after myocardial infarction (MI). Nevertheless, long-term consequences such as heart failure development, are still one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Inflammation is critically involved in the cardiac healing process after MI and has a dual role, contributing to both tissue healing and tissue damage. In the last decade, a lot of attention was given to targeting inflammation as a potential therapeutic approach in MI, but the poor understanding of inflammatory cell heterogeneity and function is a limit to the development of immune modulatory strategies. The recent development of tools to profile immune cells with high resolution has provided a unique opportunity to better understand immune cell heterogeneity and dynamics in the ischemic heart. In this thesis, we employed single-cell RNA-sequencing combined with detection of epitopes by sequencing (CITE-seq) to refine our understanding of neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages heterogeneity and dynamic after experimental myocardial infarction. Neutrophils rapidly invade the infarcted heart shortly after ischemic damage and have previously been proposed to display time-dependent functional heterogeneity. At the single-cell level, we observed dynamic transcriptional heterogeneity in neutrophil populations during the acute post-MI phase and defined previously unknown cardiac neutrophil states. In particular, we identified a locally acquired SiglecFhi neutrophil state that displayed higher ROS production and phagocytic ability compared to newly recruited neutrophils, suggesting the acquisition of specific function in the infarcted heart. These findings highlight the importance of the tissue microenvironment in shaping neutrophil response. From the macrophage perspective, we characterized MI-associated monocyte-derived macrophage subsets, two with a pro-inflammatory gene signature (MHCIIhiIl1βhi) and three Trem2hi macrophage populations with a lipid associated macrophage (LAM) signature, also expressing pro-fibrotic and tissue repair genes. Combined analysis of blood monocytes and cardiac monocyte/macrophages indicated that the Trem2hi LAM signature is acquired in the infarcted heart. We furthermore characterized the role of TREM2, a surface protein expressed mainly in macrophages and involved in macrophage survival and function, in the post-MI macrophage response and cardiac repair. Using TREM2 deficient mice, we demonstrate that acquisition of the LAM signature in cardiac macrophages after MI is partially dependent on TREM2. While their cardiac function was not affected, TREM2 deficient mice showed reduced collagen deposition in the heart after MI. Thus, our data in Trem2-deficient mice highlight the role of TREM2 in promoting a macrophage pro-fibrotic phenotype, in line with the pro-fibrotic/tissue repair gene signature of the Trem2hi LAM-signature genes. Overall, our data provide a high-resolution characterization of neutrophils and macrophage heterogeneity and dynamics in the ischemic heart and can be used as a valuable resource to investigate how these cells modulate the healing processes after MI. Furthermore, our work identified TREM2 as a regulator of macrophage phenotype in the infarcted heart},
  subject      = {Makrophage},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Yang2023,
  author    = {Yang, Weiyue},
  title     = {Population Policy and Governance at the Local Level - A Qualitative Research of the Implementation of the Universal Two-Child Policy in China},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-31305},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-313052},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {The universal two-child policy was introduced by the central government of China in 2016 to respond to the country's deteriorating population problems, but it was soon replaced by a three-child policy in 2021 given that it failed to continuously boost fertility in Chinese society. This dissertation empirically investigates the implementation of universal two-child policy in three Chinese major cities. Based on the data collected through semi-structured interviews with leaders of local family planning agencies, it finds that local officials are primarily devoted to coping with the discontent of the bereaved single-child parents (shidu families), which is an unexpected consequence of the historical one-child policy, rather than working on the tasks regarding birth encouragement. The dissertation suggests understanding the implementation of China's population policy within the framework of both historical and rational choice institutionalism. The target responsibility system as an effective tool of the central authority drives local agents to fix their attention at tasks that have larger impact on their career. The shifted focus in the implementation of the universal two-child policy is a result of local officials' emphasis on the task of maintaining social stability. Shidu families are deemed as a salient threat to social order because their discontent with the state support has incurred continuous petitions at both the national and local level, which would severely undermine local officials' career advancement. However, in the meantime, stability maintenance is found to have become alienated as reflected by the rising costs and that it replaced birth support to be the focus of local family planning agents in the universal two-child policy era. Since the conflict between the shidu group and the state is unlikely to be resolved, the future population policy design and enforcement will continue to be constrained by the shidu problem.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{CrespoVidal2023,
  author    = {Crespo Vidal, Can Raphael},
  title     = {Spectroscopic investigation of the three-dimensional topological insulators (MnBi\(_2\)Te\(_4\))(Bi\(_2\)Te\(_3\))\(_n\) and HgTe: band structure, orbital symmetries, and influence of the cation \(d\)-states},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-31293},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-312931},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {This thesis examines the electronic properties of two materials that promise the realization and observation of novel exotic quantum phenomena. For this purpose, angle-resolved photoemission forms the experimental basis for the investigation of the electronic properties. Furthermore, the magnetic order is investigated utilizing X-ray dichroism measurements. First, the bulk and surface electronic structure of epitaxially grown HgTe in its three-dimensional topological insulator phase is investigated. In this study, synchrotron radiation is used to address the three-dimensional band structure and orbital composition of the bulk states by employing photon-energy-dependent and polarization-dependent measurements, respectively. In addition, the topological surface state is examined on in situ grown samples using a laboratory photon source. The resulting data provide a means to experimentally localize the bulk band inversion in momentum space and to evidence the momentum-dependent change in the orbital character of the inverted bulk states. Furthermore, a rather new series of van der Waals compounds, (MnBi\(_2\)Te\(_4\))(Bi\(_2\)Te\(_3\))\(_n\), is investigated. First, the magnetic properties of the first two members of the series, MnBi\(_2\)Te\(_4\) and MnBi\(_4\)Te\(_7\), are studied via X-ray absorption-based techniques. The topological surface state on the two terminations of MnBi\(_4\)Te\(_7\) is analyzed using circular dichroic, photon-energy-dependent, and spin-resolved photoemission. The topological state on the (MnBi\(_2\)Te\(_4\))-layer termination shows a free-standing Dirac cone with its Dirac point located in the bulk band gap. In contrast, on the (Bi\(_2\)Te\(_3\))-layer termination the surface state hybridizes with the bulk valences states, forming a spectral weight gap, and exhibits a Dirac point that is buried within the bulk continuum. Lastly, the lack of unambiguous evidence in the literature showing a temperature-dependent mass gap opening in these magnetic topological insulators is discussed through MnBi\(_2\)Te\(_4\).},
  subject      = {ARPES},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Frackmann2023,
  author    = {Frackmann, Kyra},
  title     = {In Vitro Analyse der Glukose- und Methionin-Restriktion im humanen Modellsystem HeLa sowie im Plattenepithelkarzinom HNSCC},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-31156},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-311565},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Die Krebserkrankung ist bis zum heutigen Zeitpunkt eine große Belastung in unserer Gesellschaft. Obwohl es stets Fortschritte in der Entwicklung neuer Therapiem{\"o}glichkeiten gibt, stellt die Behandlung auch in der modernen Medizin eine enorme Herausforderung dar. Darum besteht bis heute ein hoher Bedarf an neuen und weiterentwickelten Behandlungsm{\"o}glichkeiten. Um die Proliferation einer neoplastischen Zelle zu beeinflussen, stellen die Biomasse und die Energie einen grundlegenden Ansatz dar. Hier bieten sich vor allem die Aminos{\"a}uren als wesentlicher Baustein der Zellmasse und der Energietr{\"a}ger „Glukose" an, wodurch sich die beiden Ans{\"a}tze einer Protein- bzw. Aminos{\"a}ure-Restriktion und einer Glukose-Restriktion ergeben. Ziel ist es durch eine ver{\"a}nderte Stoffwechsellage einen Low-Energy-Metabolismus (LEM) zu induzieren, welcher die Zelle in einen sich selbst regenerierenden, antiproliferativen Zustand versetzt. Zus{\"a}tzlich sollte untersucht werden, ob sich die beiden Ans{\"a}tze grunds{\"a}tzlich als Therapieform gegen das Plattenepithelkarzinom (HNSCC) eignen. Zudem sollte ein Modell einer humanen Zelllinie erstellt werden, mit Hilfe dessen sich ein LEM auf metaboler Ebene charakterisieren l{\"a}sst. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Zellen unter konstanter Glukose-Restriktion teils sensitiver auf Todesliganden reagieren. Außerdem wirken Kalorien-Restriktions-Mimetika antiproliferativ auf HNSCC Zellen. Hinzu kommt, dass eine Methionin-Restriktion Einfluss auf die Genexpression jener Gene hat, die mit der LEM-Signalkaskade in Zusammenhang stehen. Zuletzt lieferte die massenspektrometrische Analyse von mehr als 150 Metaboliten der humanen Zelllinie HeLa ein detailliertes Bild ihres Metabolismus unter Methionin-Restriktion. Durch die Definition eines charakteristischen Fingerabdrucks nach 72 h und eines kleinen Fußabdrucks aus wenigen Metaboliten, konnte ein humanes Modellsystem etabliert werden, dass zuk{\"u}nftig u.a. die schnelle Analyse von Kalorien-Restriktions-Mimetika erm{\"o}glicht.},
  subject      = {Methionin},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Cetindere2023,
  author    = {Cetindere, Rojan},
  title     = {Klinische und radiologische Ergebnisse nach offener Schultergelenksstabilisierung mittels Beckenkammspan},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-31314},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-313148},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Im Rh{\"o}n-Klinikum wurden von 2012 bis 2015 49 Patient*innen wegen eines Glenoiddefektes mittels offenem Beckenkammspantransfer mit Kapselshift bei anteriorer Schulterinstabilit{\"a}t behandelt. 27 Patienten konnten in dieser Studie eingeschlossen werden (Einschlusskriterien: Follow-up von mindestens 12 Monaten, kompletter pr{\"a}operativer 3D-CT-Datensatz / Ausschlusskriterien: traumatische Schulterluxation oder Voroperation der kontralateralen Schulter). Ziel der Studie war es, das kurz- bis mittelfristige klinische Outcome dieser Kohorte zu erfassen, der Vergleich mit Ergebnissen anderer Arbeitsgruppen und der Vergleich von pr{\"a}operativ verwendeten Messmethoden (Chuang- bzw. Wambacher-Methode) f{\"u}r den Glenoiddefekt. Bei einem mittleren Follow-up von 27,11 Monaten zeigten sich {\"u}berwiegend gute bis exzellente kurz- bis mittelfristige OP-Ergebnisse (Rowe-Score: 84,81, Oxford-Shoulder-Score: 20,56, WOSI-Score: 371, Constant-Score: 86,74). Die OP-Methode eignet sich gut f{\"u}r Patient*innen, die mehrfach voroperiert sind, multiple Luxationsereignisse hatten sowie f{\"u}r diejenigen mit relevanter Hyperlaxizit{\"a}t, bei denen eine Latarjet-Operation kontraindiziert ist. Die OP-Methode ist gut anwendbar bei Patient*innen mit subkritischem Glenoidverlust < 20 \%, wenn zus{\"a}tzliche Sekund{\"a}rfaktoren vorliegen. Eine postoperative Omarthrose ist ein Risikofaktor f{\"u}r ein signifikant schlechteres Outcome. Die Gesamtkomplikationsrate lag bei 25,9\%, der Großteil hiervon (18,3\%) waren innerhalb kurzer Zeit reversibel. Die Reluxationsrate lag bei 3,7\%. Bei allen Studienteilnehmenden kam es zum Span-Remodelling ohne Schraubenlockerung oder Spanbruch. Eine {\"u}berm{\"a}ßige Spanresorbtion erfolgt antero-inferior, w{\"a}hrend um die Osteosyntheseschrauben eine {\"U}berkontur persistiert. Die Glenoiddefekte lagen bei 23,39 \% (Chuang) bzw. 22,06 \% (Wambacher). Es zeigte sich eine gute {\"U}bereinstimmung der Messergebnisse beider Methoden, allerdings lagen die Werte nach Chuang signifikant h{\"o}her.},
  subject      = {Orthop{\"a}die},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Kreul2023,
  author    = {Kreul, Lukas},
  title     = {Behandlungswechsel von Agalsidase beta zu Agalsidase alfa bei Morbus Fabry},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-31311},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-313113},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Die lysosomale Speichererkrankung Morbus Fabry wird X-chromosomal rezessiv vererbt und f{\"u}hrt durch eine Mutation des α-Galactosidase A-Gens zu einer fehlerhaften Kodierung des α-Galactosidase A Enzyms. Die folgliche Akkumulation von Glykosphingolipiden, vorwiegend Gb-3 und Lyso-Gb-3 in den Lysosomen der Zellen verschiedener Organe sorgen dort f{\"u}r irreversible Sch{\"a}digungen. Klinisch werden von klassisch betroffenen M{\"a}nnern, bis zu nicht klassisch und teilweise v{\"o}llig asymptomatischen Frauen, eine Vielzahl an unterschiedlichen Ph{\"a}notypen detektiert. Insbesondere die Zellen des Herzens, der Niere, des Gef{\"a}ßsystems, des Nervensystems und auch der Cornea sind betroffen. Deshalb stellen die Krankheitsbilder der Herzinsuffizienz, fortschreitendes Nierenversagen und cerebrovaskul{\"a}re Ereignisse keine Seltenheit dar. Neben der im Jahr 2001 zugelassenen Enzymersatztherapie, besteht seit 2016 die M{\"o}glichkeit einer Chaperontherapie mit Migalastat f{\"u}r bestimmte Genotypen. Aktuell sind f{\"u}r die ERT die Produkte Agalsidase alfa (Replagal) mit einer Dosis von 0,2 mg/kg KG und Agalsidase beta (Fabrazyme) mit einer Dosis von 1,0 mg/kg KG beziehungsweise 0,3 mg/kg KG verf{\"u}gbar. Der perfekte Therapiebeginn und die optimale Dosis sind Gegenstand aktueller Forschung. Nachdem von 2009 bis 2012 ein Agalsidase beta Lieferengpass bestand, mussten viele Patienten unter Agalsidase beta Therapie auf Agalsidase alfa umgestellt werden. Bisherige Studien deuteten bei einem Wechsel zu Agalsidase alfa auf eine Abnahme der eGFR und eine Zunahme Fabry bezogener Schmerzen hin. Außerdem wurde bei einem Zur{\"u}ckwechseln zu Agalsidase beta ein Sinken der Plasma Lyso-Gb-3 Spiegel beobachtet. Da jedoch die Langzeiteffekte dieser Therapieumstellung noch unbeleuchtet waren, war es nun an der Zeit, mit dieser Arbeit Langzeitfolgen klinischer Stabilit{\"a}t und Sicherheit bei Patienten unter Dosisumstellung von Agalsidase alfa zu Agalsidase beta („switch") und solchen mit folgendem Zur{\"u}ckwechseln auf Agalsidase beta („re-switch") zu untersuchen. Von den 89 Studienteilnehmern aus drei verschiedenen Fabry Zentren in Deutschland zu Beginn konnten 78 Patienten am Ende des > 80 monatigen Bobachtungszeitraumes mit einer Baseline und zwei Follow-up Untersuchungen analysiert werden. Die Zuteilung zu den drei Gruppen „re-switch", „switch" und „regular Agalsidase beta" erfolgte je nach individuellem Therapieplan. Der Fokus der Studie lag auf den Langzeitdaten der Nierenfunktion, klinischen Symptomen und Ereignissen und der Plasma Lyso-Gb-3 Entwicklung. Patienten der „re-switch" Gruppe starteten zur Baseline mit den schlechtesten eGFR Werten. W{\"a}hrend die eGFR der Teilnehmer mit regul{\"a}rer Dosis stabil schien, verzeichnete sich in den „switch" und „re-switch" Gruppen eine signifikante Abnahme. Der eGFR-R{\"u}ckgang war dabei bei den „switch" Patienten am st{\"a}rksten. Im Geschlechtervergleich zeigten die M{\"a}nner aller drei Gruppen j{\"a}hrlich signifikante eGFR Einbußen zum zweiten Follow-up. Unterschiede in ernsthaften klinischen Ereignissen der Gruppen wurden nicht beobachtet. Gastrointestinale Beschwerden und Fabry bezogene Schmerzen verschlimmerten sich in der „re-switch" Gruppe nach Wechsel zu Agalsidase alfa und konnten durch Zur{\"u}ckwechseln zu Agalsidase beta wieder gebessert werden. Nachdem die Lyso-Gb-3 Spiegel der „switch" Gruppe konstant am h{\"o}chsten waren, konnten diese bei den „re-switch" Patienten nach einem Zur{\"u}ckwechseln zu Agalsidase beta signifikant gesenkt werden. Korrespondierend mit den vorherigen Studien konnte best{\"a}tigt werden, dass ein Wechsel von Agalsidase beta zu Agalsidase alfa im Allgemeinen sicher ist. Da aus den Daten nicht geschlussfolgert werden kann, dass Agalsidase beta das bessere Medikament ist, sollte die Wahl des Enzympr{\"a}parates nach wie vor auf individueller Basis erfolgen. Dennoch suggerieren die Daten eine bessere biochemische Antwort unter h{\"o}heren Enzymdosen, nach einem Zur{\"u}ckwechseln zu Agalsidase beta. Eine repr{\"a}sentative Optimierung der Nierenfunktion vor allem bei den M{\"a}nnern gelang nicht. Die Symptomverbesserung war am ehesten auf einen dosisabh{\"a}ngigen Enzymeffekt f{\"u}r die Beseitigung von Gb-3 Einschl{\"u}ssen zur{\"u}ckzuf{\"u}hren. Obwohl auch f{\"u}r die Reinigung von Gb-3 Einschl{\"u}ssen der Niere eine solche Wirkung nachgewiesen wurde, deutet der signifikante Verlust der Nierenfunktion der M{\"a}nner auf einen bereits gestarteten inflammatorischen Prozess hin, welcher auch durch h{\"o}here Dosen unbeeinflusst blieb. Eine L{\"o}sung k{\"o}nnte eine fr{\"u}here, noch vor dem Beginn der Inflammation startende ERT-Initiierung sein. Diese {\"U}berlegung und m{\"o}gliche anti-inflammatorische Therapiestrategien sollten mit zuk{\"u}nftigen Studien gekl{\"a}rt werden.},
  subject      = {Fabry-Krankheit},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{KleinOppeltKuenzer2021,
  author    = {Klein, Igor and Oppelt, Natascha and Kuenzer, Claudia},
  title     = {Application of remote sensing data for locust research and management — a review},
  series = {Insects},
  volume    = {12},
  journal   = {Insects},
  number    = {3},
  issn      = {2075-4450},
  doi       = {10.3390/insects12030233},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-234090},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Recently, locust outbreaks around the world have destroyed agricultural and natural vegetation and caused massive damage endangering food security. Unusual heavy rainfalls in habitats of the desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria) and lack of monitoring due to political conflicts or inaccessibility of those habitats lead to massive desert locust outbreaks and swarms migrating over the Arabian Peninsula, East Africa, India and Pakistan. At the same time, swarms of the Moroccan locust (Dociostaurus maroccanus) in some Central Asian countries and swarms of the Italian locust (Calliptamus italicus) in Russia and China destroyed crops despite developed and ongoing monitoring and control measurements. These recent events underline that the risk and damage caused by locust pests is as present as ever and affects 100 million of human lives despite technical progress in locust monitoring, prediction and control approaches. Remote sensing has become one of the most important data sources in locust management. Since the 1980s, remote sensing data and applications have accompanied many locust management activities and contributed to an improved and more effective control of locust outbreaks and plagues. Recently, open-access remote sensing data archives as well as progress in cloud computing provide unprecedented opportunity for remote sensing-based locust management and research. Additionally, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) systems bring up new prospects for a more effective and faster locust control. Nevertheless, the full capacity of available remote sensing applications and possibilities have not been exploited yet. This review paper provides a comprehensive and quantitative overview of international research articles focusing on remote sensing application for locust management and research. We reviewed 110 articles published over the last four decades, and categorized them into different aspects and main research topics to summarize achievements and gaps for further research and application development. The results reveal a strong focus on three species — the desert locust, the migratory locust (Locusta migratoria), and the Australian plague locust (Chortoicetes terminifera) — and corresponding regions of interest. There is still a lack of international studies for other pest species such as the Italian locust, the Moroccan locust, the Central American locust (Schistocerca piceifrons), the South American locust (Schistocerca cancellata), the brown locust (Locustana pardalina) and the red locust (Nomadacris septemfasciata). In terms of applied sensors, most studies utilized Advanced Very-High-Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR), Satellite Pour l'Observation de la Terre VEGETATION (SPOT-VGT), Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) as well as Landsat data focusing mainly on vegetation monitoring or land cover mapping. Application of geomorphological metrics as well as radar-based soil moisture data is comparably rare despite previous acknowledgement of their importance for locust outbreaks. Despite great advance and usage of available remote sensing resources, we identify several gaps and potential for future research to further improve the understanding and capacities of the use of remote sensing in supporting locust outbreak- research and management.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BluemelZinkKlopockietal.2019,
  author    = {Bl{\"u}mel, Rabea and Zink, Miriam and Klopocki, Eva and Liedtke, Daniel},
  title     = {On the traces of tcf12: Investigation of the gene expression pattern during development and cranial suture patterning in zebrafish (Danio rerio)},
  series = {PLoS ONE},
  volume    = {14},
  journal   = {PLoS ONE},
  number    = {6},
  doi       = {10.1371/journal.pone.0218286},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-201428},
  pages     = {e0218286},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {The transcription factor 12 (tcf12) is a basic Helix-Loop-Helix protein (bHLH) of the E-protein family, proven to play an important role in developmental processes like neurogenesis, mesoderm formation, and cranial vault development. In humans, mutations in TCF12 lead to craniosynostosis, a congenital birth disorder characterized by the premature fusion of one or several of the cranial sutures. Current research has been primarily focused on functional studies of TCF12, hence the cellular expression profile of this gene during embryonic development and early stages of ossification remains poorly understood. Here we present the establishment and detailed analysis of two transgenic tcf12:EGFP fluorescent zebrafish (Danio rerio) reporter lines. Using these transgenic lines, we analyzed the general spatiotemporal expression pattern of tcf12 during different developmental stages and put emphasis on skeletal development and cranial suture patterning. We identified robust tcf12 promoter-driven EGFP expression in the central nervous system (CNS), the heart, the pronephros, and the somites of zebrafish embryos. Additionally, expression was observed inside the muscles and bones of the viscerocranium in juvenile and adult fish. During cranial vault development, the transgenic fish show a high amount of tcf12 expressing cells at the growth fronts of the ossifying frontal and parietal bones and inside the emerging cranial sutures. Subsequently, we tested the transcriptional activity of three evolutionary conserved non-coding elements (CNEs) located in the tcf12 locus by transient transgenic assays and compared their in vivo activity to the expression pattern determined in the transgenic tcf12:EGFP lines. We could validate two of them as tcf12 enhancer elements driving specific gene expression in the CNS during embryogenesis. Our newly established transgenic lines enhance the understanding of tcf12 gene regulation and open up the possibilities for further functional investigation of these novel tcf12 enhancer elements in zebrafish.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{LiedtkeOrthMeissleretal.2019,
  author    = {Liedtke, Daniel and Orth, Melanie and Meissler, Michelle and Geuer, Sinje and Knaup, Sabine and K{\"o}blitz, Isabell and Klopocki, Eva},
  title     = {ECM alterations in fndc3a (fibronectin domain containing protein 3A) deficient zebrafish cause temporal fin development and regeneration defects},
  series = {Scientific Reports},
  volume    = {9},
  journal   = {Scientific Reports},
  doi       = {10.1038/s41598-019-50055-w},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-202141},
  pages     = {13383},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {Fin development and regeneration are complex biological processes that are highly relevant in teleost fish. They share genetic factors, signaling pathways and cellular properties to coordinate formation of regularly shaped extremities. Especially correct tissue structure defined by extracellular matrix (ECM) formation is essential. Gene expression and protein localization studies demonstrated expression of fndc3a (fibronectin domain containing protein 3a) in both developing and regenerating caudal fins of zebrafish (Danio rerio). We established a hypomorphic fndc3a mutant line (fndc3a\(^{wue1/wue1}\)) via CRISPR/Cas9, exhibiting phenotypic malformations and changed gene expression patterns during early stages of median fin fold development. These developmental effects are mostly temporary, but result in a fraction of adults with permanent tail fin deformations. In addition, caudal fin regeneration in adult fndc3a\(^{wue1/wue1}\) mutants is hampered by interference with actinotrichia formation and epidermal cell organization. Investigation of the ECM implies that loss of epidermal tissue structure is a common cause for both of the observed defects. Our results thereby provide a molecular link between these developmental processes and foreshadow Fndc3a as a novel temporal regulator of epidermal cell properties during extremity development and regeneration in zebrafish.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{KlinnertVlachopoulou2023,
  author    = {Klinnert Vlachopoulou, Cristina Maria},
  title     = {Comparison between Dual-Energy-CT perfusion imaging and perfusion-weighted SElf-gated Non-Contrast-Enhanced FUnctional MR imaging of the lung in patients with pulmonary artery embolism},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-31303},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-313034},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Pulmonary artery embolism (PE) is a common condition and an even more common clinical suspect. The computed tomography pulmonary angiogram (CTPA) is the main medical imaging tool used to diagnose a suspected case of PE. To gain a better impression of the effects of a PE on the perfusion and hence the gas exchange, a functional imaging method is beneficial. One approach for functional imaging using radiation exposure is the generation of color-coded iodine perfusion maps acquired by Dual-Energy Computed Tomography (DECT), which enable the detection of perfusion defects in the pulmonary parenchyma. In contrast to the existing approach of DECT with iodine color-coded maps, the SElf-gated Non-Contrast-Enhanced FUnctional Lung (SENCEFUL) MRI technique offers the possibility to interpret perfusion maps without any radiation exposure or application of contrast agents. The measurement in SENCEFUL MRI can be performed during conditions of free breathing and without electrocardiogram triggering. The purpose of this study was to determine whether PE can be diagnosed on the basis of visible perfusion defects in the perfusion maps of SENCEFUL MRI and in the iodine-coded maps of DECT and to compare the diagnostic performance of these methods. Both SENCEFUL-MRI and iodine distribution maps from DECT have been compared with the CTPA of ten patients with PE. Additionally, the functional images were compared with each other on a per-patient basis. The iodine perfusion maps of DECT had a sensitivity of 84.2 \% and specificity of 65.2 \% for the diagnosis of PE. The SENCEFUL technique in MRI showed a sensitivity of 78.9 \% and a specificity of 26.1 \%. When comparing the whole lung depicted in both series of functional images, the main perfusion defect location matched in four of ten patients (40 \%). In conclusion, this work found that DECT iodine maps have higher sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism compared with SENCEFUL MRI.},
  subject      = {Lungenembolie},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{Reischle2018,
  type      = {Master Thesis},
  author    = {Reischle, Miriam},
  title     = {Forum - man streitet sich. Eine Analyse des (Denkmal-)Diskurses um den Neubau am Unteren Markt in W{\"u}rzburg},
  isbn      = {978-3-945459-24-9},
  issn      = {1864-9238},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-16309},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-163096},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  pages     = {1-76 und Anhang 1-122},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {2005 entwickelte sich in W{\"u}rzburg eine {\"o}ffentliche Diskussion um die Neubebauung des Unteren Marktes. Konkret ging es um das Grundst{\"u}ck des sog. „Petrini-Hauses", das 1685 vom barocken Baumeister Antonio Petrini errichtet, im Zweiten Weltkrieg aber zerst{\"o}rt und danach nicht wiederaufgebaut wurde. Gegner der Neubebauung forderten entweder, das Grundst{\"u}ck unbebaut zu belassen, oder eine Rekonstruktion des historischen Baus vorzunehmen. Sie konnten sich aber nicht durchsetzen: 2008 wurde der Neubau als Gesch{\"a}ftshaus der VR-Bank unter dem Namen „Forum" er{\"o}ffnet. Diskussionen, die sich kontrovers mit der Rekonstruktion bzw. dem Erhalt von Baudenkm{\"a}lern auseinandersetzen, sind in Deutschland keine Seltenheit. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden sie als „Denkmaldiskurse" klassifiziert. Besonders klar treten diese zutage, wenn das (Bau-)Denkmal in eine sog. Spannungssituation ger{\"a}t, also dann, wenn als geschichtstr{\"a}chtig und bedeutsam angesehen Orte und die auf ihnen errichteten Objekte Ver{\"a}nderungen erfahren bzw. erfahren sollen. Das Potential einer diskurslinguistischen Besch{\"a}ftigung mit Denkmaldiskursen wird in dieser Arbeit am Beispiel des Diskurses um den Neubau auf dem W{\"u}rzburger Markt ausgelotet. Sie nimmt dabei Forschungsfragen aus den Bereichen der Kunstkommunikation, der Raumlinguistik (Placemaking-Prozesse) und der Politolinguistik auf und kontextualisiert sie im Hinblick auf die sprachliche Identit{\"a}tsstiftung und den sprachlichen Umgang mit Geschichte. Die Untersuchung basiert auf einem thematisch orientierten Textkorpus, das ca. 100 000 Token aus neun Textsorten und drei Zeitschnitten umfasst. Dies erm{\"o}glicht die vergleichende Analyse mehrere Teilkorpora. Nach einem Theorieteil, der in die diskurslinguistischen Methoden einf{\"u}hrt, werden zun{\"a}chst die lexikalische Struktur des Korpus und Schlagw{\"o}rter des Diskurses erhoben. Anschließend wird anhand eines verkleinerten Textkorpus eine diskursspezifische Metapherntypologie erstellt, die die qualitativ erhobenen Metaphern inhaltlich gruppiert. Ebenso werden (Argumentations-)Topoi auf der Basis von Schlussregeln analysiert. Es wird schließlich gefragt, inwieweit die Ergebnisse generalisierend auf Denkmaldiskurse {\"u}bertragen werden k{\"o}nnen.},
  subject      = {Baudenkmal},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{SchwaabBjarnasonWehrensMengetal.2021,
  author    = {Schwaab, Bernhard and Bjarnason-Wehrens, Birna and Meng, Karin and Albus, Christian and Salzwedel, Annett and Schmid, Jean-Paul and Benzer, Werner and Metz, Matthes and Jensen, Katrin and Rauch, Bernhard and B{\"o}nner, Gerd and Brzoska, Patrick and Buhr-Schinner, Heike and Charrier, Albrecht and Cordes, Carsten and D{\"o}rr, Gesine and Eichler, Sarah and Exner, Anne-Kathrin and Fromm, Bernd and Gielen, Stephan and Glatz, Johannes and Gohlke, Helmut and Grilli, Maurizio and Gysan, Detlef and H{\"a}rtel, Ursula and Hahmann, Harry and Herrmann-Lingen, Christoph and Karger, Gabriele and Karoff, Marthin and Kiwus, Ulrich and Knoglinger, Ernst and Krusch, Christian-Wolfgang and Langheim, Eike and Mann, Johannes and Max, Regina and Metzendorf, Maria-Inti and Nebel, Roland and Niebauer, Josef and Predel, Hans-Georg and Preßler, Axel and Razum, Oliver and Reiss, Nils and Saure, Daniel and von Schacky, Clemens and Sch{\"u}tt, Morten and Schultz, Konrad and Skoda, Eva-Maria and Steube, Diethard and Streibelt, Marco and St{\"u}ttgen, Martin and St{\"u}ttgen, Michaela and Teufel, Martin and Tschanz, Hansueli and V{\"o}ller, Heinz and Vogel, Heiner and Westphal, Ronja},
  title     = {Cardiac rehabilitation in German speaking countries of Europe — evidence-based guidelines from Germany, Austria and Switzerland LLKardReha-DACH — part 2},
  series = {Journal of Clinical Medicine},
  volume    = {10},
  journal   = {Journal of Clinical Medicine},
  number    = {14},
  issn      = {2077-0383},
  doi       = {10.3390/jcm10143071},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-242645},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Background: Scientific guidelines have been developed to update and harmonize exercise based cardiac rehabilitation (ebCR) in German speaking countries. Key recommendations for ebCR indications have recently been published in part 1 of this journal. The present part 2 updates the evidence with respect to contents and delivery of ebCR in clinical practice, focusing on exercise training (ET), psychological interventions (PI), patient education (PE). In addition, special patients' groups and new developments, such as telemedical (Tele) or home-based ebCR, are discussed as well. Methods: Generation of evidence and search of literature have been described in part 1. Results: Well documented evidence confirms the prognostic significance of ET in patients with coronary artery disease. Positive clinical effects of ET are described in patients with congestive heart failure, heart valve surgery or intervention, adults with congenital heart disease, and peripheral arterial disease. Specific recommendations for risk stratification and adequate exercise prescription for continuous-, interval-, and strength training are given in detail. PI when added to ebCR did not show significant positive effects in general. There was a positive trend towards reduction in depressive symptoms for "distress management" and "lifestyle changes". PE is able to increase patients' knowledge and motivation, as well as behavior changes, regarding physical activity, dietary habits, and smoking cessation. The evidence for distinct ebCR programs in special patients' groups is less clear. Studies on Tele-CR predominantly included low-risk patients. Hence, it is questionable, whether clinical results derived from studies in conventional ebCR may be transferred to Tele-CR. Conclusions: ET is the cornerstone of ebCR. Additional PI should be included, adjusted to the needs of the individual patient. PE is able to promote patients self-management, empowerment, and motivation. Diversity-sensitive structures should be established to interact with the needs of special patient groups and gender issues. Tele-CR should be further investigated as a valuable tool to implement ebCR more widely and effectively.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{Gaede2017,
  type      = {Master Thesis},
  author    = {Gaede, Jonathan},
  title     = {Zur Verwendung astrologischer und alchemistischer Symbole in fr{\"u}hneuhochdeutschen Fachtexten},
  isbn      = {978-3-945459-19-5},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-15319},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-153198},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  pages     = {78},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {In zahlreichen Fach- und Wissenschaftstexten der Fr{\"u}hen Neuzeit lassen sich astrologische und alchemistische Symbole finden. Neben den einschl{\"a}gigen Texten aus den beiden historisch eng verwobenen Sachbereichen lassen sich diese Sonderzeichen noch in einer erstaunlichen Bandbreite weiterer Texte nachweisen, etwa in medizinischen und pharmazeutischen Schriften oder in Anleitungen zum Bergbau und zur Metallurgie. Aus linguistischer Perspektive und insbesondere auch aus Sicht der Fachsprachenforschung ist das Ph{\"a}nomen des astrologisch-alchemistischen Symbolgebrauchs in deutschsprachigen Fachtexten der Fr{\"u}hen Neuzeit allerdings bislang kaum beachtet worden. Die Gr{\"u}nde hierf{\"u}r liegen zum einen in der linguistischen Klassifikation dieser Zeichen, zum anderen aber auch in den Schwierigkeiten der - analogen wie digitalen - Reproduktion der Zeichen und ihrer Bedeutungen. Die vorliegende Arbeit liefert einen {\"U}berblick {\"u}ber die Herkunft, Bedeutung und Verwendung der wichtigsten alchemistischen und astrologischen Symbole und ihrer Abwandlungen und Varianten in unterschiedlichen fachlichen Kontexten. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus wird auch die Rolle der Drucker bei der Reproduktion astrologischer und alchemistischer Schriften beleuchtet, die der Problematik des Sonderzeichengebrauchs mit verschiedenen Improvisationen begegneten, z.B. durch das optische Nachbilden von Zeichen aus weiteren Drucklettern. Keineswegs stehen die Zeichen grunds{\"a}tzlich isoliert neben dem Text; oft werden sie anstelle ausgeschriebener Worte direkt in diesen integriert und k{\"o}nnen sogar als Bestandteile von Komposita und Ableitungen auftreten. Gerade in ihrer Einbettung in deutschsprachigen Texten zeigt sich auch, dass diese Symbole weniger als Mittel der Geheimhaltung und vielmehr als Ausdruck der Gruppenzugeh{\"o}rigkeit zu den selbsternannten "wahren Philosophen" verwendet wurden.},
  subject      = {Wissenschaftssprache},
  language  = {de}
}
@misc{Ulmer2018,
  type      = {Master Thesis},
  author    = {Ulmer, Sabine},
  title     = {Das Paradigma der non-indifference im Konfliktmanagement der Afrikanischen Union - ein hohles Konstrukt?},
  issn      = {2199-4315},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-16890},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-168908},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  pages     = {1-37},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Im Zuge ihrer Gr{\"u}ndung im Jahr 2002 implementierte die Afrikanische Union (AU), Nachfolgerin der Organisation f{\"u}r Afrikanische Einheit (OAU), fundamentale Reformen im Konfliktmanagement. Den Weg hierf{\"u}r ebnete der Paradigmenwechsel von der Politik der strikten non-interference hin zu non-indifference, also einer nicht gleichg{\"u}ltigen Grundhaltung der Kontinentalorganisation gegen{\"u}ber Konflikten. Dieser Beitrag untersucht, wie die AU non-indifference als neuen leitenden Grundsatz in der Konfliktbearbeitung auf rechtlicher und institutioneller Ebene ausgestaltet und fragt, ob dieser Rahmen schließlich in der Praxis Anwendung findet. Daf{\"u}r wird zu Beginn der Wandel von non-interference zu non-indifference anhand des {\"U}bergangs von OAU zu AU dargelegt. Mit einem deskriptiven Ansatz werden im Anschluss die rechtlichen und institutionellen Grundlagen des AU-Konfliktmanagements vorgestellt, in denen sich das Paradigma der non-indifference niederschl{\"a}gt. In einem weiteren Schritt wird analysiert, wie das rechtliche und institutionelle Ger{\"u}st in der Praxis angewandt wird. Drei Mitteln zur Konfliktbearbeitung gilt dabei besondere Aufmerksamkeit: Diplomatie, Sanktionierung und die Entsendung von Friedensmissionen. Wie das Paradigma der non-indifference auf praktischer Ebene zum Tragen kommt, wird anhand der F{\"a}lle Libyen 2011, Zentralafrikanische Republik 2013/14, Burundi 2015/16 und der African Union Mission in Sudan 2004-2007 gezeigt.},
  subject      = {Afrikanische Union},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{ChilakaObidiegwuChilakaetal.2022,
  author    = {Chilaka, Cynthia Adaku and Obidiegwu, Jude Ejikeme and Chilaka, Augusta Chinenye and Atanda, Olusegun Oladimeji and Mally, Angela},
  title     = {Mycotoxin regulatory status in Africa: a decade of weak institutional efforts},
  series = {Toxins},
  volume    = {14},
  journal   = {Toxins},
  number    = {7},
  issn      = {2072-6651},
  doi       = {10.3390/toxins14070442},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-278941},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Food safety problems are a major hindrance to achieving food security, trade, and healthy living in Africa. Fungi and their secondary metabolites, known as mycotoxins, represent an important concern in this regard. Attempts such as agricultural, storage, and processing practices, and creation of awareness to tackle the menace of fungi and mycotoxins have yielded measurable outcomes especially in developed countries, where there are comprehensive mycotoxin legislations and enforcement schemes. Conversely, most African countries do not have mycotoxin regulatory limits and even when available, are only applied for international trade. Factors such as food insecurity, public ignorance, climate change, poor infrastructure, poor research funding, incorrect prioritization of resources, and nonchalant attitudes that exist among governmental organisations and other stakeholders further complicate the situation. In the present review, we discuss the status of mycotoxin regulation in Africa, with emphasis on the impact of weak mycotoxin legislations and enforcement on African trade, agriculture, and health. Furthermore, we discuss the factors limiting the establishment and control of mycotoxins in the region.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WinkelbeinerWandtEbertetal.2020,
  author    = {Winkelbeiner, Nicola and Wandt, Viktoria K. and Ebert, Franziska and Lossow, Kristina and Bankoglu, Ezgi E. and Martin, Maximilian and Mangerich, Aswin and Stopper, Helga and Bornhorst, Julia and Kipp, Anna P. and Schwerdtle, Tanja},
  title     = {A multi-endpoint approach to base excision repair incision activity augmented by PARylation and DNA damage levels in mice: impact of sex and age},
  series = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences},
  volume    = {21},
  journal   = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences},
  number    = {18},
  issn      = {1422-0067},
  doi       = {10.3390/ijms21186600},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-285706},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Investigation of processes that contribute to the maintenance of genomic stability is one crucial factor in the attempt to understand mechanisms that facilitate ageing. The DNA damage response (DDR) and DNA repair mechanisms are crucial to safeguard the integrity of DNA and to prevent accumulation of persistent DNA damage. Among them, base excision repair (BER) plays a decisive role. BER is the major repair pathway for small oxidative base modifications and apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites. We established a highly sensitive non-radioactive assay to measure BER incision activity in murine liver samples. Incision activity can be assessed towards the three DNA lesions 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG), 5-hydroxy-2'-deoxyuracil (5-OHdU), and an AP site analogue. We applied the established assay to murine livers of adult and old mice of both sexes. Furthermore, poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation) was assessed, which is an important determinant in DDR and BER. Additionally, DNA damage levels were measured to examine the overall damage levels. No impact of ageing on the investigated endpoints in liver tissue were found. However, animal sex seems to be a significant impact factor, as evident by sex-dependent alterations in all endpoints investigated. Moreover, our results revealed interrelationships between the investigated endpoints indicative for the synergetic mode of action of the cellular DNA integrity maintaining machinery.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{TolstikAliGuoetal.2022,
  author    = {Tolstik, Elen and Ali, Nairveen and Guo, Shuxia and Ebersbach, Paul and M{\"o}llmann, Dorothe and Arias-Loza, Paula and Dierks, Johann and Schuler, Irina and Freier, Erik and Debus, J{\"o}rg and Baba, Hideo A. and Nordbeck, Peter and Bocklitz, Thomas and Lorenz, Kristina},
  title     = {CARS imaging advances early diagnosis of cardiac manifestation of Fabry disease},
  series = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences},
  volume    = {23},
  journal   = {International Journal of Molecular Sciences},
  number    = {10},
  issn      = {1422-0067},
  doi       = {10.3390/ijms23105345},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-284427},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Vibrational spectroscopy can detect characteristic biomolecular signatures and thus has the potential to support diagnostics. Fabry disease (FD) is a lipid disorder disease that leads to accumulations of globotriaosylceramide in different organs, including the heart, which is particularly critical for the patient's prognosis. Effective treatment options are available if initiated at early disease stages, but many patients are late- or under-diagnosed. Since Coherent anti-Stokes Raman (CARS) imaging has a high sensitivity for lipid/protein shifts, we applied CARS as a diagnostic tool to assess cardiac FD manifestation in an FD mouse model. CARS measurements combined with multivariate data analysis, including image preprocessing followed by image clustering and data-driven modeling, allowed for differentiation between FD and control groups. Indeed, CARS identified shifts of lipid/protein content between the two groups in cardiac tissue visually and by subsequent automated bioinformatic discrimination with a mean sensitivity of 90-96\%. Of note, this genotype differentiation was successful at a very early time point during disease development when only kidneys are visibly affected by globotriaosylceramide depositions. Altogether, the sensitivity of CARS combined with multivariate analysis allows reliable diagnostic support of early FD organ manifestation and may thus improve diagnosis, prognosis, and possibly therapeutic monitoring of FD.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MallLarsenMartin2018,
  author    = {Mall, David and Larsen, Ashley E. and Martin, Emily A.},
  title     = {Investigating the (mis)match between natural pest control knowledge and the intensity of pesticide use},
  series = {Insects},
  volume    = {9},
  journal   = {Insects},
  number    = {1},
  doi       = {10.3390/insects9010002},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-158977},
  pages     = {2},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Transforming modern agriculture towards both higher yields and greater sustainability is critical for preserving biodiversity in an increasingly populous and variable world. However, the intensity of agricultural practices varies strongly between crop systems. Given limited research capacity, it is crucial to focus efforts to increase sustainability in the crop systems that need it most. In this study, we investigate the match (or mismatch) between the intensity of pesticide use and the availability of knowledge on the ecosystem service of natural pest control across various crop systems. Using a systematic literature search on pest control and publicly available pesticide data, we find that pest control literature is not more abundant in crops where insecticide input per hectare is highest. Instead, pest control literature is most abundant, with the highest number of studies published, in crops with comparatively low insecticide input per hectare but with high world harvested area. These results suggest that a major increase of interest in agroecological research towards crops with high insecticide input, particularly cotton and horticultural crops such as citrus and high value-added vegetables, would help meet knowledge needs for a timely ecointensification of agriculture.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{Paetzold2020,
  type      = {Master Thesis},
  author    = {P{\"a}tzold, Simon},
  title     = {Dachbegr{\"u}nung in W{\"u}rzburg: GIS-basierte Potentialanalyse als Planungsgrundlage im st{\"a}dtischen Begr{\"u}nungsinstrumentarium},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-21067},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-210674},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Nach aktuellem Stand der Forschung ist die Dachbegr{\"u}nung eine geeignete Klimaanpassungsmaßnahme, mit der die Folgen des rezenten Klimawandels in verdichteten und versiegelten Stadtgebieten abgeschw{\"a}cht werden k{\"o}nnen. Vor dem Hintergrund schrumpfender Fl{\"a}chenreserven und wachsender Fl{\"a}chenkonkurrenz k{\"o}nnen auf D{\"a}chern alternative Fl{\"a}chenressourcen zur Expansion urbanen Gr{\"u}ns erschlossen werden. Zudem besitzt diese Begr{\"u}nungsart vielf{\"a}ltige {\"o}kologische und {\"o}konomische Vorteile (K{\"u}hlwirkung, Biodiversit{\"a}t, Wasserr{\"u}ckhaltung, Geb{\"a}uded{\"a}mmung und -schutz). Mit Bebauungspl{\"a}nen und Innenbereichssatzungen sowie F{\"o}rderprogrammen und indirekter F{\"o}rderung (gesplittete Abwassergeb{\"u}hren) stehen den Kommunen harte und weiche Instrumente zur Verf{\"u}gung, um Geb{\"a}udeeigent{\"u}mer f{\"u}r Dachbegr{\"u}nungsmaßnahmen im Neubau, aber auch im Bestandsbau zu mobilisieren. F{\"u}r eine Aktivierung bereits bestehender Dachfl{\"a}chen eignet sich besonders die Extensivbegr{\"u}nung dank ihrer anspruchslosen Vegetation, des minimalen Pflegeaufwands sowie den geringeren statischen und formspezifischen Anforderungen an die Dachkonstruktion gegen{\"u}ber der Intensivbegr{\"u}nung. Auf Basis von Untersuchungen mit Fernerkundungsdaten und amtlichen Geodaten konnten f{\"u}r deutsche Groß- und Mittelst{\"a}dte enorme Fl{\"a}chenpotentiale f{\"u}r die nachtr{\"a}gliche Dachbegr{\"u}nung festgestellt werden. Zur Stadt W{\"u}rzburg, in der als Hotspot des Klimawandels eine hohe Dringlichkeit f{\"u}r Klimaanpassungsmaßnahmen besteht, lagen bis dato keine Daten zu diesem Potential vor. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurden Luftbilder, H{\"o}hendaten (LiDAR) und amtliche Geb{\"a}udeumriss-Daten in einem Geoinformationssystem (GIS) zu einer dreidimensionalen Dachlandschaft verarbeitet, hinsichtlich relevanter Begr{\"u}nungskriterien (Neigung, Homogenit{\"a}t, Gr{\"o}ße, Funktion) analysiert und in Form von Karten, Bildern und Statistiken ausgegeben. F{\"u}r das konkrete Untersuchungsgebiet der stadtklimatisch besonders kritischen Stadtbezirke Altstadt und Sanderau konnte eine empirische Grundlage zur Quantifizierung der Potentialfl{\"a}che geschaffen werden. Rund ein Drittel der {\"u}ber 5.000 untersuchten innerst{\"a}dtischen D{\"a}cher kommen mit einer Fl{\"a}che von {\"u}ber 300.000 m² f{\"u}r eine nachtr{\"a}gliche Begr{\"u}nung in Betracht. Zudem wurden Aussagen zur st{\"a}dtebaulichen Qualifizierung (Denkmalschutz) dieser Fl{\"a}chen getroffen und die Aktivierbarkeit mit dem einschl{\"a}gigen stadtplanerischem Begr{\"u}nungsinstrumentarium (F{\"o}rderprogramm, Satzung bzw. Bebauungsplan) bewertet. So konnten die f{\"u}r die Umsetzung der geeigneten Dachfl{\"a}chen n{\"o}tigen F{\"o}rderkosten auf Basis der geltenden F{\"o}rderrichtlinie approximiert werden. Zudem wurde unter Verwendung amtlicher Baustatistik und einschl{\"a}giger Bebauungspl{\"a}ne ein zeitlicher Horizont gesch{\"a}tzt, bis zu welchem sich Eigent{\"u}mer an die Vorgaben einer hypothetischen Dachbegr{\"u}nungssatzung anpassen w{\"u}rden. Die Arbeit bietet Anreize f{\"u}r die Methodik geoinformatischer Analysen sowie f{\"u}r st{\"a}dteplanerische Analyse- und Handlungsm{\"o}glichkeiten. Nat{\"u}rlich kann die fernerkundliche Messung keine bautechnische Begutachtung vor Ort ersetzen, sie kann aber im Vorfeld einen Eindruck der teils versteckten Fl{\"a}chenreserven kosteng{\"u}nstig und fl{\"a}chendeckend verschaffen und zudem die M{\"o}glichkeit darauf aufbauender Untersuchungen der {\"o}kologischen oder st{\"a}dtebaulichen Wirkung er{\"o}ffnen.},
  subject      = {Dachbegr{\"u}nung},
  language  = {de}
}
@misc{Prez2021,
  type      = {Master Thesis},
  author    = {Prez, Julia},
  title     = {Immersion als Textfunktion? Sprachliche Praktiken der Spielerlenkung in der Textgrundlage von Computerspielen},
  isbn      = {978-3-945459-35-5},
  issn      = {1864-9238},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-24377},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-243775},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  pages     = {101},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Die Textfunktion beschreibt den vom Emittenten intendierten Effekt eines Textes auf den Rezipienten. Sachb{\"u}cher etwa sind in erster Linie informativ, Werbeanzeigen appellativ, Testamente deklarativ, Vertr{\"a}ge erf{\"u}llen eine Obligationsfunktion und Danksagungen eine Kontaktfunktion. Wie sieht es aber mit Computerspielen aus? K{\"o}nnen diese als Texte auf ihre Textfunktion untersucht werden? Laut den Game Studies ist Immersion das erkl{\"a}rte Ziel der Spielentwickler, wobei Aufmerksamkeitslenkung eine bedeutende Rolle einnimmt. Ist denn Immersion auch linguistisch als Textfunktion nachweisbar? Um dies herauszufinden, werden Computerspiele - gem{\"a}ß dem Textanalyseschema von Brinker, C{\"o}lfen und Pappert \(^8\)2014 - zun{\"a}chst als Texte definiert. Im Rahmen dieser Analyse werden auch Koh{\"a}renz und Koh{\"a}sion untersucht und sprachliche Mittel werden als Indizien betrachtet, die auf die Funktion hinweisen. Im Fokus stehen dabei M{\"u}ndlichkeit und Schriftlichkeit, emotionale Sprache, die Kodierung von Regeln und Herausforderungen sowie Referenzen auf das Interface. Im Speziellen werden Adventure und Role Playing Games (im Offline- und Single Player Modus) als Textsorten untersucht, weil diese Spiele {\"u}blicherweise viel Text enthalten. Zur Textsortenabgrenzung wird zun{\"a}chst ein Spiel genauestens mittels AntConc untersucht, um anschließend das gesamte Korpus (23 Spiele, 70.060 Types, 1.183.536 Tokens) unter Verwendung von LancsBox vergleichend zu analysieren. Zusammenfassend kann diese Masterarbeit als eine der ersten Studien eines vernachl{\"a}ssigten, aber gegenw{\"a}rtigen und an Bedeutung gewinnenden Bereichs linguistischer Forschung betrachtet werden, der Linguistik, Computerspiele und Immersion zu verbinden versucht. Die Hypothese, dass es gewisse sprachliche Praktiken in Computerspiel-Texten gibt, anhand derer der Rezipient beeinflusst und gelenkt wird, um in das Spiel hineinzutauchen, konnte auf Basis des Korpus best{\"a}tigt werden.},
  subject      = {Linguistik},
  language  = {de}
}
@misc{Wu2021,
  type      = {Master Thesis},
  author    = {Wu, Dong},
  title     = {Aspects of Gender in The Unofficial History of the Scholars},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-21920},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-219202},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {The present study focuses on Rulin waishi 儒林外史 (The Unofficial History of the Scholars), a well-known Qing novel, from the perspective of gender. It attempts to contribute to the discussion about Chinese masculinity by identifying the representation of the scholars' masculinity in Rulin waishi and offer a better understanding of the novel's position regarding femininity and women. This project shows that the novel nevertheless reflects rather than challenges gender ideologies of its time. The ideal manhood showed in the novel comprises real virtues and authentic learning. It goes against the traditional, orthodox Confucian masculinity which advocates that officialdom is the glorious path to fulfill a learned man's masculinity. It is mainly due to Wu Jingzi's own failure in the civil service examinations and official careers. Regarding the relation of masculinity and sexuality, the novel reveals that a masculine man is not tempted by female charm but can enjoy a harmonious and companionate marriage. Besides, scholars show great anxiety about their masculinity since they are in a marginal position in society. Their manliness is challenged by officials, merchants, and even commoners, as well as their colleagues. Through a careful examination of stories of Pinniang, Miss Lu, and Mrs. Wang, it reveals that the novel holds a conventional opinion on women although it criticizes widow suicide and shows an egalitarian husband-wife relationship. It praises Confucian womanly virtues, such as following and serving the husband, managing the household, and keeping chastity. Female sexuality is blamed as an evil temptation to lead men to go astray. Women's learning gains legitimacy when serving to fulfill domestic responsibilities. It carries the Confucian message that men should take the lead and maintain order in the household and reinforces the rightful patriarchy. In a word, rather than go ahead of its time, Rulin waishi holds a conservative attitude towards gender issues.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{Breul2020,
  type      = {Master Thesis},
  author    = {Breul, Andrea},
  title     = {Auf den Spuren des Gelben Sacks - M{\"u}lltrennung in W{\"u}rzburg},
  issn      = {2511-9486},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-20330},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-203302},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  pages     = {107},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Produkte aus Kunststoff geh{\"o}ren heutzutage wie selbstverst{\"a}ndlich zu unserem Alltag. Mit dem vermehrten Einsatz von Verpackungen und Wegwerfprodukten aus Plastik wachsen aber auch die Herausforderungen, die mit der Entsorgung dieses Materials verbunden sind. Umweltverschmutzung durch Plastikabf{\"a}lle, Strategien zur Plastikvermeidung und die Notwendigkeit des Recyclings werden in den Medien in den letzten Jahren verst{\"a}rkt diskutiert. Schon in den 1990er-Jahren wurde in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland mit der Einf{\"u}hrung des Dualen Systems die Schaffung einer umfassenden Infrastruktur zur Sammlung, Sortierung und Wiederverwertung von Verpackungsabf{\"a}llen in die Wege geleitet. Seitdem sammeln Millionen deutsche Haushalte ihre gebrauchten Verpackungen getrennt vom restlichen M{\"u}ll in Gelben S{\"a}cken. Am Beispiel der Stadt W{\"u}rzburg gibt die vorliegende Arbeit Einblicke in die Funktionsweise des Dualen Systems und zeigt die Verkn{\"u}pfungen zwischen den einzelnen beteiligten Akteur*innen auf. Zudem wird untersucht, inwiefern der Gelbe Sack den Umgang mit Verpackungsabf{\"a}llen im allt{\"a}glichen Leben mitbestimmt und welche Rolle seine eigene Materialit{\"a}t hierbei spielt.},
  subject      = {Alltagskultur},
  language  = {de}
}
@misc{Hammer2020,
  type      = {Master Thesis},
  author    = {Hammer, Alexandra},
  title     = {Doing Childhoods - Doing Futures? Ethnografische Perspektiven auf das gemeinsame Werden von Kindern und Eltern},
  issn      = {2511-9486},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-21113},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-211131},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  pages     = {102},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Dass Kinder unsere Zukunft sind, ist ein Allgemeinplatz. Diese vermeintliche Selbstverst{\"a}ndlichkeit nimmt die vorliegende Arbeit zum Anlass, um danach zu fragen, wo und wie Zuk{\"u}nftiges tats{\"a}chlich eine Rolle f{\"u}r kindliche und elterliche Alltage spielt. So geht diese ethnografische Studie zweier Krabbelgruppen der Frage nach, wie sowohl Kindheiten als auch Zuk{\"u}nfte innerhalb konkreter Praktiken erst als solche hervorgebracht werden, und zeichnet hierf{\"u}r unterschiedliche Relationen zwischen diesen beiden Ph{\"a}nomenen nach. Welchen Anteil haben neben den elterlichen auch die kindlichen Akteur*innen sowie nicht-menschliche Andere an diesen Prozessen? Wann und wie werden in der Auseinandersetzung mit Kindheiten neben Zuk{\"u}nften auch Vergangenheiten und Gegenwarten (relevant) gemacht - wann von wem wie Zeitlichkeit hervorgebracht? Ein Zusammendenken von praxistheoretischen Perspektiven der Future Studies mit Konzepten der NaturenKulturenforschung und der Neuen Kindheitsforschung erlaubt es Alexandra Hammer, kleinkindliche Entwicklung als immer auch non-lineares, lebendiges und situatives Unterfangen sichtbar zu machen und zugleich die produktive Rolle dieser jungen Akteur*innen und nichtmenschlicher Anderer aufzuzeigen.},
  subject      = {Kulturanthropologie},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Kessie2021,
  author    = {Kessie, David Komla},
  title     = {Characterisation of Bordetella pertussis virulence mechanisms using engineered human airway tissue models},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-23571},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-235717},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Pertussis is a highly contagious acute respiratory disease of humans which is mainly caused by the gram-negative obligate human pathogen Bordetella pertussis. Despite the availability and extensive use of vaccines, the disease persists and has shown periodic re-emergence resulting in an estimated 640,000 deaths worldwide in 2014. The pathogen expresses various virulence factors that enable it to modulate the host immune response, allowing it to colonise the ciliated airway mucosa. Many of these factors also directly interfere with host signal transduction systems, causing damage to the ciliated airway mucosa and increase mucous production. Of the many virulence factors of B. pertussis, only the tracheal cytotoxin (TCT) is able to recapitulate the pathophysiology of ciliated cell extrusion and blebbing in animal models and in human nasal biopsies. Furthermore, due to the lack of appropriate human models and donor materials, the role of bacterial virulence factors has been extrapolated from studies using animal models infected with either B. pertussis or with the closely related species B. bronchiseptica which naturally causes respiratory infections in these animals and produces many similar virulence factors. Thus, in the present work, in vitro airway mucosa models developed by co-culturing human airway epithelia cells and fibroblasts from the conduction zone of the respiratory tract on a decellularized porcine small intestine submucosa scaffold (SISser®) were used, since these models have a high correlation to native human conducting zone respiratory epithelia. The major aim was to use the engineered airway mucosa models to elucidate the contribution of B. pertussis TCT in the pathophysiology of the disease as well as the virulence mechanism of B. pertussis in general. TCT and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) either alone or in combination were observed to induce epithelial cell blebbing and necrosis in the in vitro airway mucosa model. Additionally, the toxins induced viscous hyper-mucous secretion and significantly disrupted barrier properties of the in vitro airway mucosa models. This work also sought to assess the invasion and intracellular survival of B. pertussis in the polarised epithelia, which has been critically discussed for many years in the literature. Infection of the models with B. pertussis showed that the bacteria can adhere to the models and invade the epithelial cells as early as 6 hours post inoculation. Invasion and intracellular survival assays indicated the bacteria could invade and persist intracellularly in the epithelial cells for up to 3 days. Due to the novelty of the in vitro airway mucosa models, this work also intended to establish a method for isolating individual cells for scRNA-seq after infection with B. pertussis. Cold dissociation with Bacillus licheniformis subtilisin A was found to be capable of dissociating the cells without inducing a strong fragmentation, a problem which occurs when collagenase and trypsin/EDTA are used. In summary, the present work showed that TCT acts possibly in conjunction with LPS to disrupt the human airway mucosa much like previously shown in the hamster tracheal ring models and thus appears to play an important role during the natural B. pertussis infection. Furthermore, we established a method for infecting and isolating infected cells from the airway mucosa models in order to further investigate the effect of B. pertussis infection on the different cell populations in the airway by single cell analytics in the future.},
  subject      = {Tissue engineering},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Stegmann2021,
  author    = {Stegmann, Yannik},
  title     = {Electrocortical mechanisms of sustained attention during the acquisition and interaction of conditioned fear and anxiety},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-23770},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-237700},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Adapting defensive behavior to the characteristics of a threatening situation is a fundamental function of the brain. Particularly, threat imminence plays a major role for the organization of defensive responses. Acute threat prompts phasic physiological responses, which are usually associated with an intense feeling of fear. In contrast, diffuse and potentially threatening situations elicit a sustained state of anxious apprehension. Detection of the threatening stimulus defines the key event in this framework, initiating the transition from potential to acute threat. Consequently, attention to threat is crucial for supporting defensive behavior. The functions of attention are finely tuned to the characteristics of a threatening situation. Potential threat is associated with hypervigilance, in order to facilitate threat detection. Once a threatening stimulus has been identified, attention is selectively focused on the source of danger. Even though the concepts of selective attention and hypervigilance to threat are well established, evidence for their neural correlates remain scarce. Therefore, a major goal of this thesis is to elucidate the neural correlates of selective attention to acute threat and hypervigilance during potential threat. A second aim of this thesis is to provide a mechanistic account for the interaction of fear and anxiety. While contemporary models view fear and anxiety as mutually exclusive, recent findings for the neural networks of fear and anxiety suggest potential interactions. In four studies, aversive cue conditioning was used to induce acute threat, while context conditioning served as a laboratory model of potential threat. To quantify neural correlates of selective attention and hypervigilance, steady-state visual evoked potentials (ssVEPs) were measured as an index of visuocortical responding. Study 1 compared visuocortical responses to acute and potential threat for high versus low trait-anxious individuals. All individuals demonstrated enhanced electrocortical responses to the central cue in the acute threat condition, suggesting evidence for the neural correlate of selective attention. However, only low anxious individuals revealed facilitated processing of the contexts in the potential threat condition, reflecting a neural correlate of hypervigilance. High anxious individuals did not discriminate among contexts. These findings contribute to the notion of aberrational processing of potential threat for high anxious individuals. Study 2 and 3 realized orthogonal combinations of cue and context conditioning to investigate potential interactions of fear and anxiety. In contrast to Study 1 and 2, Study 3 used verbal instructions to induce potentially threatening contexts. Besides ssVEPs, threat ratings and skin conductance responses (SCRs) were recorded as efferent indices of defensive responding. None of these studies found further evidence for the neural correlates of hypervigilance and selective attention. However, results for ratings and SCRs revealed additive effects of fear and anxiety, suggesting that fear and anxiety are not mutually exclusive, but interact linearly to organize and facilitate defensive behavior. Study 4 tested ssVEPs to more ecologically valid forms of context conditioning, using flickering video stimuli of virtual offices to establish context representations. Contrary to expectations, results revealed decreased visuocortical responses during sustained presentations of anxiety compared to neutral contexts. A disruption of ssVEP signals eventually suggests interferences by continuously changing video streams which are enhanced as a function of motivational relevance. In summary, this thesis provided evidence for the neural correlates of attention only for isolated forms of fear and anxiety, but not for their interaction. In contrast, an additive interaction model of fear and anxiety for measures of defensive responding offers a new perspective on the topography of defensive behavior.},
  subject      = {Furcht},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{KlabouchgebKleinbach2021,
  author    = {Klabouch [geb. Kleinbach], Stefanie},
  title     = {Pr{\"a}diktoren f{\"u}r die postinterventionelle Leberfunktion nach transarterieller Chemotherapie bei Patienten und Patientinnen mit hepatozellul{\"a}rem Karzinom},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-23707},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-237070},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Hintergrund: Die transarterielle Chemoembolisation (TACE) stellt eine Erstlinientherapie bei nicht resezierbarem HCC im intermedi{\"a}ren Stadium (BCLC B) dar. TACE induziert einen zytotoxischen und isch{\"a}mischen Gewebeeffekt, der m{\"o}glicherweise zu einer Leberfunktionsst{\"o}rung f{\"u}hrt. Der 13C-Methacetin-Atemtest (MBT) ist ein nichtinvasiver CYP1A2-Funktionstest zur Beurteilung der funktionellen Leberzellmasse. Ziel dieser prospektiven Studie war es, die Auswirkung der konventionellen TACE auf die hepatozellul{\"a}re Reserve, gemessen mittels 13C-MBT, statischen Leberfunktionstests und entz{\"u}ndlichen Parametern bewerten zu k{\"o}nnen. Methoden \& Ergebnisse: 27 Patient*innen mit nicht resezierbarem HCC (BCLC B, Child Pugh A) erhielten vor (d0), 24 Stunden (d1) und 72 Stunden (d3) nach 41 cTACE-Verfahren einen MBT. Das hepatische Lipiodol®-Verteilungsvolumen wurde aus CT-Daten berechnet. Statische Leberfunktionstests, entz{\"u}ndliche Parameter und klinische Ereignisse wurden an d0-3 analysiert. Es zeigte sich eine deutliche Verringerung der CYP1A2-Funktion nach cTACE an d1 und d3, was haupts{\"a}chlich durch die Entz{\"u}ndungsreaktion (CRP) und hepatozellul{\"a}re Schadensmarker (AST) und nur in geringem Maße durch das embolisierte Lebervolumen zu erkl{\"a}ren ist. Schlussfolgerung: Der MBT kann die kurzfristige Verringerung der Leberfunktionsreserve sensitiv abbilden und korreliert mit klinischen Komplikationen nach cTACE. Der MBT kann Anwendung in der fr{\"u}hen Identifizierung einer hepatischen Dysfunktion finden.},
  subject      = {Leberfunktion},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Hafner2021,
  author    = {Hafner, Julia Alexandra},
  title     = {Prospektives Biomarker Screening zur Diagnose der Invasiven Aspergillose bei p{\"a}diatrischen Hochrisikopatienten},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-23722},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-237226},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Die Invasive Aspergillose (IA) stellt eine Hauptursache der infektassoziierten Morbidit{\"a}t und Mortalit{\"a}t bei p{\"a}diatrischen Patienten mit h{\"a}mato-onkologischer Grunderkrankung und/oder allogener Stammzelltransplantation dar. Die sichere und fr{\"u}hzeitige Diagnose ist bei Kindern aufgrund sp{\"a}rlicher p{\"a}diatrischer Daten weiterhin eine klinische Herausforderung. Die Kombination der Biomarker Galactomannanantigen und Aspergillus DNA hat sich in Erwachsenenstudien als vorteilhaft in der Diagnose der IA erwiesen. Ziel der durchgef{\"u}hrten Studie war daher, die diagnostische G{\"u}te des kombinierten Biomarkerscreenings in einer p{\"a}diatrischen Hochrisikokohorte zu ermitteln. Hierf{\"u}r wurden 39 p{\"a}diatrische Patienten, die w{\"a}hrend eines Zeitraumes von drei Jahren aufgrund einer h{\"a}mato-onkologischen Grunderkrankung und Notwendigkeit einer Stammzelltransplantation in der W{\"u}rzburger Kinderklinik behandelt wurden, einem hochstandardisierten, zweimal w{\"o}chentlichen Screening auf Galactomannanantigen und fungaler DNA zugef{\"u}hrt. Zus{\"a}tzlich wurde f{\"u}r jeden Patienten ein breites Spektrum an klinischen Daten sowie mikrobiologischen und radiologischen Ergebnissen erfasst und die IA-Klassifikation nach den EORTC/MSG-Kriterien durchgef{\"u}hrt. Unsere Daten zeigten eine IA-Inzidenz (probable IA) von 10\%, was per definitionem einer Hochrisikokohorte entspricht. Das kombinierte Monitoring der Biomarker Galactomannanantigen und Aspergillus-DNA wies eine hohe diagnostische Genauigkeit mit einer Sensitivit{\"a}t/Spezifit{\"a}t/PPV/NPV von 1.00 und gute Eignung als Screeningtest auf. Die antifungale Prophylaxe zeigte keinen negativen Einfluss auf die diagnostischen G{\"u}tekriterien der beiden Biomarker, wie in anderen Studien postuliert. Der Galactomannanindex erwies sich als vielversprechender Surrogatmarker f{\"u}r das Outcome und das Therapieansprechen. Weiterf{\"u}hrende Studien sind notwendig, um festzulegen, ob die Biomarkerkombination eine Detektion asymptomatischer subklinischer Infektionen als eine Art „Fr{\"u}hwarnsystem" erm{\"o}glicht und somit eine Reduktion der Mortalit{\"a}t bedingen kann.},
  subject      = {Aspergillose},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Mortimer2021,
  author    = {Mortimer, Niall Patrick},
  title     = {ADHD Genetics in Mouse and Man},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-23626},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-236265},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with an estimated heritability of around 70\%. In order to fully understand ADHD biology it is necessary to incorporate multiple different types of research. In this thesis, both human and animal model research is described as both lines of research are required to elucidate the aetiology of ADHD and development new treatments. The role of a single gene, Adhesion G protein-coupled receptor L3 (ADGRL3) was investigated using a knockout mouse model. ADGRL3 has putative roles in neuronal migration and synapse function. Various polymorphisms in ADGRL3 have been linked with an increased risk of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in human studies. Adgrl3-deficient mice were examined across multiple behavioural domains related to ADHD: locomotive activity, visuospatial and recognition memory, gait impulsivity, aggression, sociability and anxiety-like behaviour. The transcriptomic alterations caused by Adgrl3-depletion were analysed by RNA-sequencing of three ADHD-relevant brain regions: prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus and striatum. Increased locomotive activity in Adgrl3-/- mice was observed across all tests with the specific gait analysis revealing subtle gait abnormalities. Spatial memory and learning domains were also impaired in these mice. Increased levels of impulsivity and sociability accompanying decreased aggression were also detected. None of these alterations were observed in Adgrl3+/- mice. The numbers of genes found to exhibit differential expression was relatively small in all brain regions sequenced. The absence of large scale gene expression dysregulation indicates a specific pathway of action, rather than a broad neurobiological perturbation. The PFC had the greatest number of differentially expressed genes and gene-set analysis of differential expression in this brain region detected a number of ADHD-relevant pathways including dopaminergic synapses as well as cocaine and amphetamine addiction. The most dysregulated gene in the PFC was Slc6a3 which codes for the dopamine transporter, a molecule vital to current pharmacological treatment of ADHD. The behavioural and transcriptomic results described in this thesis further validate Adgrl3 constitutive knockout mice as an experimental model of ADHD and provide neuroanatomical targets for future studies involving ADGRL3 modified animal models. The study of ADHD risk genes such as ADGRL3 requires the gene to be first identified using human studies. These studies may be genome based such as genome wide association studies (GWAS) or transcriptome based using microarray or RNA sequencing technology. To explore ADHD biology in humans the research described in this thesis includes both GWAS and trancriptomic data. A two-step transcriptome profiling was performed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of 143 ADHD subjects and 169 healthy controls. We combined GWAS and expression data in an expression-based Polygenic Risk Score (PRS) analysis in a total sample of 879 ADHD cases and 1919 controls from three different datasets. Through this exploratory study we found eight differentially expressed genes in ADHD and no support for the genetic background of the disorder playing a role in the aberrant expression levels identified. These results highlight promising candidate genes and gene pathways for ADHD and support the use of peripheral tissues to assess gene expression signatures for ADHD. This thesis illustrates how both human and animal model research is required to increase our understanding of ADHD. The animal models provide biological insight into the targets identified in human studies and may themselves provide further relevant gene targets. Only by combining research from disparate sources can we develop the thorough understanding on ADHD biology required for treatment development, which is the ultimate goal of translational science research.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Wagenbrenner2021,
  author    = {Wagenbrenner, Mike Helmut},
  title     = {In vitro-Charakterisierung mesenchymaler Stromazellen aus dem menschlichen H{\"u}ftgelenk},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-23711},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-237110},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {In dieser Arbeit konnte erstmals gezeigt werden, dass plastik-adh{\"a}rent wachsende, multipotente Vorl{\"a}uferzellen, die eine f{\"u}r MSCs charakteristische Kombination von Oberfl{\"a}chenantigenen tragen, aus allen vier untersuchten Geweben des arthrotischen H{\"u}ftgelenks isoliert werden konnten. MSC-{\"a}hnliche Zellen k{\"o}nnen somit nicht nur in der Spongiosa und im Gelenkknorpel, sondern auch in der anterioren Gelenkkapsel und dem Ligamentum capitis femoris (LCF) des arthrotisch ver{\"a}nderten menschlichen H{\"u}ftgelenks nachgewiesen werden. Die FACS Analyse der Oberfl{\"a}chenantigene auf Zellen, die aus den vier unterschiedlichen Geweben eines beispielhaft gew{\"a}hlten Spenders isoliert wurden, zeigte eine deutliche Expression der Antigene CD44, CD73, CD90 und CD105. Unabh{\"a}ngig vom Nativgewebe zeigten somit alle untersuchten Zellen ein f{\"u}r MSCs charakteristisches, aber nicht spezifisches Profil an Antigenen auf ihrer Oberfl{\"a}che. Eine {\"U}bereinstimmung mit den ISCT Kriterien f{\"u}r MSCs war aufgrund der fehlenden Kontrolle h{\"a}matopoetischer Marker nicht m{\"o}glich. Die multipotente Differenzierung der isolierten Zellen erfolgte mithilfe spezifischer Differenzierungsmedien in Monolayer-Kulturen oder f{\"u}r die chondrogene Differenzierung in dreidimensionalen Pellet-Kulturen. Nach 21 Tagen konnten in allen differenzierten Kulturen histologisch und immunhistochemisch klare Zeichen der Osteo- und Adipogenese detektiert werden, w{\"a}hrend die Auswertung spezifischer Markergene eine klare Steigerung der Expression dieser im Vergleich zu den Negativkontrollen zeigte. Histologische und immunhistochemische Auswertungen best{\"a}tigten auch eine erfolgreiche chondrogene Differenzierung der Zell-Pellets aus Spongiosa, Knorpel und Kapsel. Lediglich in den chondrogen differenzierten Zell-Pellets aus dem LCF konnte immunhistochemisch keine Bildung des knorpelspezifischen Matrixproteins Col II nachgewiesen werden. Mikroskopisch zeigten vor allem die differenzierten MSC-Pellets aus Spongiosa und Knorpel morphologisch eine starke {\"A}hnlichkeit zu hyalinem Knorpelgewebe. Trotz dieser Abstufungen zeigten sich f{\"u}r die relative Expression der chondrogenen Markergene AGG, Col II und Sox-9 keine signifikanten Unterschiede zwischen den differenzierten MSC-Kulturen der vier unterschiedlichen Nativgewebe. Ein positiver Nachweis des Markers Col X wies nach 27 Tagen sowohl in differenzierten als auch in undifferenzierten Pellet-Kulturen auf eine leichte chondrogene Hypertrophie hin. Zusammenfassend zeigten sich keine signifikanten Unterschiede im Hinblick auf das osteogene und adipogene Differenzierungspotential aller untersuchten Zellen. W{\"a}hrend das chondrogene Differenzierungspotential der Zellen aus Spongiosa, Knorpel und Kapsel sich aus histologischer und immunhistochemischer Sicht {\"a}hnelte, zeigten Pellets aus dem LCF ein schw{\"a}cheres chondrogenes Differenzierungspotential in vitro. Obwohl somit erstmals MSC-{\"a}hnliche Zellen aus dem LCF und Gewebsproben, die neben dem Stratum synoviale auch das Stratum fibrosum der H{\"u}ftgelenkskapsel beinhalteten, charakterisiert wurden, sind weitere wissenschaftliche Arbeiten notwendig, um das multipotente Differenzierungspotential dieser Zellen zu optimieren.},
  subject      = {H{\"u}ftgelenk},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Breyer2021,
  author    = {Breyer, Charles Pierre Paul},
  title     = {Putative Eisenregulation von Fractalkin (CX3CL1), pathophysiologische Rolle von CX3CL1 in Pl{\"a}ttchenmodellen und Eisenhaushalt in der Megakaryopoese},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-23792},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-237929},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {In dieser Arbeit wird gezeigt, dass Fractalkin (CX3L1) keine Eisenregulation im Sinne des klassischen IRE/IRP-Systems aufweist. Zus{\"a}tzlich wird die pathophysiologische Rolle der CX3CL1/CX3CR1-Achse in Megakaryozyten untersucht. Ferner wird die Eisenhom{\"o}ostase w{\"a}hrend der megakaryopetischen Differenzierung erforscht.},
  subject      = {Fractalkin},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Haack2021,
  author    = {Haack, Stephanie},
  title     = {A novel mouse model for systemic cytokine release upon treatment with a superagonistic anti-CD28 antibody},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-23775},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-237757},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {The adaptive immune system is known to provide highly specific and effective immunity against a broad variety of pathogens due to different effector cells. The most prominent are CD4+ T-cells which differentiate after activation into distinct subsets of effector and memory cells, amongst others T helper 1 (Th1) cells. We have recently shown that mouse as well as human Th1 cells depend on T cell receptor (TCR) signals concomitant with CD28 costimulation in order to secrete interferon  (IFN) which is considered as their main effector function. Moreover, there is a class of anti-CD28 monoclonal antibodies that is able to induce T cell (re-)activation without concomitant TCR ligation. These so-called CD28-superagonists (CD28-SA) have been shown to preferentially activate and expand CD4+ Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells and thereby efficaciously conferring protection e.g. against autoimmune responses in rodents and non-human primates. Considering this beneficial effect, CD28-SA were thought to be of great impact for immunotherapeutic approaches and a humanized CD28-SA was subjected to clinical testing starting with a first-in-man trial in London in 2006. Unexpectedly, the volunteers experienced life-threatening side effects due to a cytokine release syndrome (CRS) that was unpredicted by the preclinical studies prior to the trial. Retrospectively, CD4+ memory T cells within the tissues were identified as source of pro-inflammatory cytokines released upon CD28-SA administration. This was not predicted by the preclinical testing indicating a need for more reliable and predictive animal models. Whether mouse CD4+ T cells are generally irresponsive to CD28-SA stimulation or rather the lack of a bona fide memory T cell compartment in cleanly housed specific-pathogen-free (SPF) mice is the reason why the rodent models failed to predict the risk for a CRS remained unclear. To provide SPF mice with a true pool of memory/effector T cells, we transferred in vitro differentiated TCR-transgenic OT-II Th1 cells into untreated recipient mice. Given that Treg cells suppress T cell activation after CD28- SA injection in vivo, recipients were either Treg-competent or Treg-deficient, wild type or DEREG mice, respectively. Subsequent CD28-SA administration resulted in induction of systemic pro-inflammatory cytokine release, dominated by IFN, that was observed to be much more pronounced and robust in Treg-deficient recipients. Employing a newly established in vitro system mirroring the in vivo responses to CD28-SA stimulation of Th1 cells revealed that antigen-presenting cells (APCs) amplify CD28-SAinduced IFN release by Th1 cells due to CD40/CD40L-interactions. Thus, these data are the first to show that mouse Th1 cells are indeed sensitive to CD28-SA stimulation in vivo and in vitro responding with strong IFN release accompanied by secretion of further pro-inflammatory cytokines, which is compatible with a CRS. In conclusion, this study will facilitate preclinical testing of immunomodulatory agents providing a mouse model constituting more "human-like" conditions allowing a higher degree of reliability and translationability.},
  subject      = {CD28},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Behr2021,
  author    = {Behr, Greta},
  title     = {Die „Malen nach Zahlen" Methode zur Lehre der Pr{\"a}paration einer einfl{\"u}geligen Adh{\"a}sivbr{\"u}cke aus Zirkoniumdioxidkeramik},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-23718},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-237186},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Einleitung: Das Erlernen neuer Pr{\"a}parationsarten ist nicht einfach, insbesondere bei Pr{\"a}parationen, die hohe technische Anforderungen stellen und deren Form sich von konventionellen Vollkronen unterscheidet, wie z. B. die Pr{\"a}paration einer Klebebr{\"u}cke. Um das sp{\"a}tere Therapiespektrum angehender Zahn{\"a}rzte zu erweitern, sollten diese eine große Anzahl verschiedener Pr{\"a}parationen im Studium erlernen. Im Studentenalltag bleibt oft keine Zeit f{\"u}r lange Erkl{\"a}rungen und exemplarische Pr{\"a}parationen. Deshalb wurde die "Malen-nach-Zahlen-Methode" entwickelt, um den Studenten das Erlernen neuer Pr{\"a}parationen zu erleichtern. Materialien und Methoden: Nach der Erstellung der Druckdatei f{\"u}r den {\"U}bungszahn wurden diese mit einem Stereolithographie-Drucker hergestellt. Der {\"U}bungszahn bestand aus zwei unterschiedlich farbigen Schichten mit einer integrierten Pr{\"a}paration. Die Schicht, die zum Erreichen der Zielpr{\"a}paration entfernt werden musste, war schwarz und sollte den Studenten das Ausmaß und die Dicke der Pr{\"a}paration zeigen. 42 Zahnmedizinstudenten ab dem vierten Studienjahr nahmen an einem freiwilligen Praktikum teil. Die Studenten wurden nach dem Zufallsprinzip in zwei gleich große Gruppen eingeteilt. Eine Gruppe {\"u}bte mit den "Malen nach Zahlen" Z{\"a}hnen, die andere mit Standardmodellz{\"a}hnen. Trotzdem hatte jeder Student die M{\"o}glichkeit, die neuen gedruckten Z{\"a}hne zu testen. Die Studenten hatten bereits Erfahrung mit anderen Standardmodell- und echten Z{\"a}hnen. Die gedruckten Z{\"a}hne wurden mit einem Fragebogen mit Schulnoten von 1 bis 6 bewertet. In einem zweiten Teil wurden die pr{\"a}parierten Z{\"a}hne der Sch{\"u}ler eingescannt und mit Hilfe einer 3D-Auswertungssoftware mit dem idealen pr{\"a}parierten Zahn verglichen. So konnte die "Malen-nach-Zahlen-Methode" mit herk{\"o}mmlichen Unterrichtsmethoden verglichen werden. Ergebnisse: Die Herstellung der Z{\"a}hne zum Erlernen der Pr{\"a}paration einer Klebebr{\"u}cke war einfach und kosteng{\"u}nstig. Insgesamt bewerteten die Studenten die Z{\"a}hne mit 1,9 und die Lehrmethode als positiv. Das Zahnmodell wurde insgesamt mit 1,9 bewertet. Es unterst{\"u}tzte die Studierenden dabei, die Zielpr{\"a}paration zu visualisieren und durch die Kontrolle mit der eigenen Arbeit eine Selbsteinsch{\"a}tzung zu entwickeln. Auch wenn die Studierenden ihren Lernerfolg und Lernprozess mit den 3D-gedruckten Z{\"a}hnen als besser einsch{\"a}tzten, konnte kein signifikanter Unterschied bei der sp{\"a}teren Auswertung der Z{\"a}hne festgestellt werden. Die Studenten w{\"u}nschten sich eine st{\"a}rkere Integration der gedruckten Z{\"a}hne in den Pr{\"a}parationsunterricht und {\"a}ußerten in den Freitextfragen, dass sie Vorteile in Bezug auf Unabh{\"a}ngigkeit, Kosten und Individualisierung der zahnmedizinischen Ausbildung sehen. Schlussfolgerungen: Es hat sich gezeigt, dass die Methode "Malen nach Zahlen" geeignet ist, neue Pr{\"a}parationen wie eine Klebebr{\"u}cke zu lehren. Die farbkodierte integrierte Pr{\"a}paration in den gedruckten Z{\"a}hnen und das gedruckte Zahnmodell erm{\"o}glichten es den Studenten, die Pr{\"a}paration einer Adh{\"a}sivbr{\"u}cke selbstst{\"a}ndig und mit geringem Aufwand zu erlernen.},
  subject      = {3D-Druck},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Auth2021,
  author    = {Auth, Charlotte Sophie},
  title     = {Die Auswirkungen von Tph2-Defizienz und negativen fr{\"u}hen Umwelterfahrungen auf Angstverhalten in weiblichen M{\"a}usen},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-23948},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-239488},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Angsterkrankungen geh{\"o}ren zu den am weitesten verbreiteten psychischen Erkrankungen und stellen eine betr{\"a}chtliche soziale und wirtschaftliche Herausforderung f{\"u}r unsere Gesellschaft dar. Aversive fr{\"u}he Erfahrungen sind ein bekannter Risikofaktor f{\"u}r die Entwicklung verschiedener psychischer Erkrankungen, insbesondere Angstst{\"o}rungen. W{\"a}hrend der fr{\"u}hen Entwicklung findet die Programmierung der Hypothalamus-Hypophysen-Nebennierenrinden- (HHN)-Achse, die die Aussch{\"u}ttung des Stresshormons Cortisol in Menschen bzw. Corticosteron in M{\"a}usen steuert, statt. Wenn Individuen in dieser kritischen Phase Stress ausgesetzt sind, wird die regelrechte Ausbildung der HHN-Achse gest{\"o}rt, was zu dysregulierten Verhaltensantworten auf Stressreize im sp{\"a}teren Leben f{\"u}hren kann. Das Serotonin (5-HT)-System als eines der ausgedehntesten Neurotransmittersysteme ist an der Vermittlung der Effekte von fr{\"u}her Stressexposition auf angst{\"a}hnliche Verhaltensweisen beteiligt. Das Ziel dieser Studie ist es, die Interaktion zwischen genetischer Pr{\"a}disposition und negativen Einfl{\"u}ssen in fr{\"u}hen Entwicklungsstadien auf die Ausbildung von Angstverhalten im Erwachsenenalter n{\"a}her zu beleuchten. In dieser Studie wurden Tryptophanhydroxylase 2 (Tph2)-defiziente weibliche M{\"a}use als Modell f{\"u}r ein lebenslanges konstitutives 5-HT Synthesedefizit im zentralen Nervensystem verwendet. Nachkommen dieser Mauslinie wurden im fr{\"u}hen Lebensalter Maternaler Separation (MS), d.h. einem m{\"u}tterlichen Trennungsparadigma, unterzogen und im Erwachsenenalter im „Open field" (OF) oder in der „Dark-light box" (DLB) getestet. Im Anschluss an die Verhaltensexperimente wurde die neuronale Aktivierung immunhistochemisch durch Darstellung des fr{\"u}hzeitig auftretenden Genprodukts c-Fos bestimmt. In der DLB zeigten homozygot Tph2-defiziente M{\"a}use eine verringerte motorische Aktivit{\"a}t im hellen Kompartiment, und dieser Effekt konnte durch MS normalisiert werden. Zus{\"a}tzlich verst{\"a}rkte MS bei diesem Genotyp das Auftreten von fluchtartigen Spr{\"u}ngen. Im OF hat MS fluchtartige Verhaltensweisen in homo- und heterozygoten Tph2-defizienten M{\"a}usen bef{\"o}rdert. Beide Verhaltenstests f{\"u}hrten zu spezifischen neuronalen Aktivierungsmustern, die mithilfe von c-Fos- Immunhistochemie ausgewertet wurden. Die Durchf{\"u}hrung des DLB-Tests f{\"u}hrte in Abh{\"a}ngigkeit vom Vorhandensein von Tph2 zur Aktivierung des paraventrikul{\"a}ren Kerns des Hypothalamus (PVN) und der basolateralen Amygdala (BL), wohingegen die Exposition gegen{\"u}ber dem OF-Test zu einer Aktivierung der lateralen Amygdala (La) in Tieren, die einem m{\"u}tterlichen Trennungsparadigma unterzogen wurden, sowie einer Aktivierung des ventrolateralen (VLPAG) und dorsolateralen (DLPAG) periaqu{\"a}duktalen H{\"o}hlengraus in Abh{\"a}ngigkeit von Tph2 und MS f{\"u}hrte. Zusammenfassend weisen die Ergebnisse dieser Studie darauf hin, dass MS aktive Verhaltensantworten auf aversive Reize in Abh{\"a}ngigkeit vom Vorhandensein von 5-HT im Gehirn f{\"o}rdert. Diese Effekte k{\"o}nnten durch die spezifische Aktivierung von mit Angstverhalten in Zusammenhang stehenden Gehirnregionen w{\"a}hrend der Verhaltensexperimente vermittelt werden.},
  subject      = {Angst},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Reusch2021,
  author    = {Reusch, Engelbert},
  title     = {Photoionisation von Biradikalen mit Synchrotronstrahlung},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-24009},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-240098},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Die vorliegenden Arbeit behandelt VUV Valenz-Photoionisations-Experimente in der Gasphase. Zun{\"a}chst wird die Photoionisation von stickstoffhaltigen Radikalen und deren Pyrolyseprodukten untersucht. Im Anschluss werden molekulare Biradikale betrachtet. Da in der Literatur bislang nur wenige solcher Biradikale als Intermediate experimentell zug{\"a}nglich waren, war es das Ziel dieser Arbeit, neue reaktive Spezies dieser Substanzklassen in der Gasphase zu isolieren und deren Struktur, Eigenschaften und Reaktivit{\"a}t besser zu verstehen. Im Mittelpunkt stehen dabei Intermediate, die als echte Biradikale, Biradikaloide oder Triplett Carbene auftreten. Zu letzteren z{\"a}hlen das Methylbismut sowie die Pentadiinylidene. Biradikale bilden in Verbrennungsprozessen sehr effizient Ruß(vorl{\"a}ufer), was anhand des ortho-Benz-ins dargelegt wurde, indem dessen Pyrolyseprodukte charakterisiert und m{\"o}gliche PAH-Bildungswege aufgezeigt wurden. Vakuum Flash Pyrolyse wurde verwendet, um in situ aus den geeigneten Vorl{\"a}ufermolek{\"u}len die radikalischen und biradikalischen Intermediate zu erzeugen. W{\"a}hrend f{\"u}r biradikalische Zwischenstufen meist spezielle Verbindungen als Vorl{\"a}ufer synthetisiert werden m{\"u}ssen, waren die verwendeten Vorl{\"a}ufer f{\"u}r die stickstoffhaltigen Radikale kommerziell erh{\"a}ltlich. Die reaktiven Spezies wurden alle mittels monochromatischer VUV Synchrotronstrahlung an der Swiss Light Source in Villigen/ Schweiz ionisiert. Die Ionisationsereignisse wurden mit der Schwellenphotoelektronen-Photoionen-Koinzidenz (TPEPICO) Technik detektiert und ausgewertet. Anhand der resultierenden massenselektiven Schwellenphotoelektronenspektren wurden die Ionisierungsenergien der (Bi)radikale bestimmt und die Schwingungsstruktur der jeweiligen Kationen analysiert. Die erhaltenen Spektren und Daten wurden in Zusammenarbeit mit der theoretischen Chemie interpretiert. Wichtige Erkenntnisse • Es wurde die Ionisierungsenergie der 2-, 3- und 4-Picolylradikale auf 7.70\pm 0.02 eV, 7.59\pm 0.01 eV und 8.01\pm 0.01 eV bestimmt. Diese wurden in der Pyrolyse selektiv aus ihren zugeh{\"o}rigen Picolylaminen erzeugt. Zudem wurde analog zum Benzyl-Radikal f{\"u}r alle drei Radikale eine ausgepr{\"a}gte Schwingungsprogression ermittelt, die der totalsymmetrischen Deformationsmode des aromatischen Rings entspricht. • Die Picolyl-Radikale dissoziieren in der Pyrolyse thermisch zu weiteren Produkten. Die Fragmentierung verl{\"a}uft dabei isomerenunabh{\"a}ngig {\"u}ber ein stickstoffhaltiges Siebenringintermediat, dem Azepinyl-Radikal. Der Fragmentierungsmechanismus wurde mit dem von Benzyl verglichen. Die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse haben Relevanz f{\"u}r Verbrennungsprozesse, beispielsweise von Biokraftstoffen.Im ersten Schritt entstehen vier Isomere, das Cyclopenta-1,4-dien-1-carbonitril, das Cyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-carbonitril, das 2-Ethynyl-1H-pyrrol und das3-Ethynyl-1H-pyrrol mit den zugeh{\"o}rigen Ionisierungsenergien von 9.25\pm 0.02 eV, 9.14\pm 0.02 eV, 7.99\pm 0.02 eV und 8.12\pm 0.02 eV. Durch einen zweiten H-Verlust konnte das Cyanocyclopentadienyl-Radikal mit einer Ionisierungsenergie f{\"u}r die zwei niedrigsten Zust{\"a}nde im Kation mit 9.07\pm 0.02 eV (T0) und 9.21\pm 0.02 eV (S1) untersucht werden. Weitere Pyrolyseprodukte, deren Ionisierungsenergien bereits literaturbekannt sind und die best{\"a}tigt wurden, sind das Cyclopentadienyl-Radikal, das Cyclopenta-1,3-dien, das Propargyl-Radikal, das Penta-1,3-diin und das Cyanopropenyl. • Das ortho-Benz-in wurde pyrolytisch aus dem selbst synthetisierten Benzocyclobutendion erzeugt und ein Schwellenphotoelektronenspektrum frei von St{\"o}rsignalen konnte aufgenommen werden. Mit Hilfe von Rechnungen aufCASPT2(11,14) Niveau, die neben dem elektronischen {\"U}bergang in den kationischen Grundzustand noch die {\"U}berg{\"a}nge in zwei weitere angeregte kationische Zust{\"a}nde beinhalten, wurde die Ionisierungsenergie im Vergleich zu fr{\"u}heren Experimenten auf 9.51 eV revidiert. Eine verdrillte Geometrie f{\"u}r den kationischen Grundzustand konnte erstmals nachgewiesen werden. Zus{\"a}tzlich wurden die offenkettigen Isomere cis- und trans-Hexa-1,5-diin-3-en im Spektrum detektiert und zugeordnet. • Die Auftrittsenergien aus der DPI des Vorl{\"a}ufermolek{\"u}ls Benzocyclobutendion betragen f{\"u}r den ersten CO-Verlust 9.62\pm 0.05 eV und f{\"u}r den zweiten CO-Verlust 12.14\pm 0.10 eV. Damit konnte {\"u}ber einen thermochemischen Kreisprozess eine Bindungsdissoziationsenergie f{\"u}r die Ph-CO Bindung im Benzoylkation von 2.52 eV berechnet werden. • Verschiedenen Pyrolyseprodukte des ortho-Benz-ins, wie Ethin, Buta-1,3-diin, Benzol, Biphenylen und 2-Ethinylnaphthalin, werden entweder in bimolekularen Reaktionen gebildet oder ortho-Benz-in fragmentiert unimolekular zu diesen. Die beiden kompetitiven Reaktionspfade tragen zur PAH-Bildung des ortho-Benz-ins bei. • Die Triplett-Carbene Pentadiinyliden, Methylpentadiinyliden und Dimethylpentadiinyliden wurden als Pyrolyseprodukt aus ihren zugeh{\"o}rigen Diazovorl{\"a}ufern identifiziert und die Ionisierungsenergien mit 8.36\pm 0.03 eV, 7.77\pm 0.04 eV und 7.27\pm 0.06 eV bestimmt. Jede Methylierung stabilisiert folglich das Carben. Zus{\"a}tzlich konnte ein weiteres C5H2 Isomer, das 3-(Didehydrovinyliden)cyclopropen, mit einer Ionisierungsenergie von 8.60\pm 0.03 eV charakterisiert werden. • Zwei bismuthaltige, reaktive Spezies, das Dimethylbismut-Radikal\cdot BiMe2 (IE = 7.27\pm 0.04 eV) und das Methylbismut-Carben :BiMe(IE = 7.88\pm 0.02 eV) wurden als Pyrolyseprodukte aus dem BiMe3 identifiziert. Beide Verbindungen zeigen eine ausgepr{\"a}gte Schwingungsstruktur, die der Bi-C Streckschwingung zugeordnet wurde. Weiterhin wurden elementares Bismut Bi und das Bismut-Dimer Bi2 nachgewiesen. • Die homolytische Dissoziation der ersten Me2Bi-CH3 Bindung im BiMe3 wurde untersucht und eine BDE von 210\pm 7 kJ/ mol bestimmt. Sie liegt um +15 \% bzw. +28 kJ/ mol {\"u}ber dem aus der Literatur abgesch{\"a}tzten Wert.},
  subject      = {Biradikal},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Notz2021,
  author    = {Notz, Pascal Markus},
  title     = {Prescriptive Analytics for Data-driven Capacity Management},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-24042},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-240423},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Digitization and artificial intelligence are radically changing virtually all areas across business and society. These developments are mainly driven by the technology of machine learning (ML), which is enabled by the coming together of large amounts of training data, statistical learning theory, and sufficient computational power. This technology forms the basis for the development of new approaches to solve classical planning problems of Operations Research (OR): prescriptive analytics approaches integrate ML prediction and OR optimization into a single prescription step, so they learn from historical observations of demand and a set of features (co-variates) and provide a model that directly prescribes future decisions. These novel approaches provide enormous potential to improve planning decisions, as first case reports showed, and, consequently, constitute a new field of research in Operations Management (OM). First works in this new field of research have studied approaches to solving comparatively simple planning problems in the area of inventory management. However, common OM planning problems often have a more complex structure, and many of these complex planning problems are within the domain of capacity planning. Therefore, this dissertation focuses on developing new prescriptive analytics approaches for complex capacity management problems. This dissertation consists of three independent articles that develop new prescriptive approaches and use these to solve realistic capacity planning problems. The first article, "Prescriptive Analytics for Flexible Capacity Management", develops two prescriptive analytics approaches, weighted sample average approximation (wSAA) and kernelized empirical risk minimization (kERM), to solve a complex two-stage capacity planning problem that has been studied extensively in the literature: a logistics service provider sorts daily incoming mail items on three service lines that must be staffed on a weekly basis. This article is the first to develop a kERM approach to solve a complex two-stage stochastic capacity planning problem with matrix-valued observations of demand and vector-valued decisions. The article develops out-of-sample performance guarantees for kERM and various kernels, and shows the universal approximation property when using a universal kernel. The results of the numerical study suggest that prescriptive analytics approaches may lead to significant improvements in performance compared to traditional two-step approaches or SAA and that their performance is more robust to variations in the exogenous cost parameters. The second article, "Prescriptive Analytics for a Multi-Shift Staffing Problem", uses prescriptive analytics approaches to solve the (queuing-type) multi-shift staffing problem (MSSP) of an aviation maintenance provider that receives customer requests of uncertain number and at uncertain arrival times throughout each day and plans staff capacity for two shifts. This planning problem is particularly complex because the order inflow and processing are modelled as a queuing system, and the demand in each day is non-stationary. The article addresses this complexity by deriving an approximation of the MSSP that enables the planning problem to be solved using wSAA, kERM, and a novel Optimization Prediction approach. A numerical evaluation shows that wSAA leads to the best performance in this particular case. The solution method developed in this article builds a foundation for solving queuing-type planning problems using prescriptive analytics approaches, so it bridges the "worlds" of queuing theory and prescriptive analytics. The third article, "Explainable Subgradient Tree Boosting for Prescriptive Analytics in Operations Management" proposes a novel prescriptive analytics approach to solve the two capacity planning problems studied in the first and second articles that allows decision-makers to derive explanations for prescribed decisions: Subgradient Tree Boosting (STB). STB combines the machine learning method Gradient Boosting with SAA and relies on subgradients because the cost function of OR planning problems often cannot be differentiated. A comprehensive numerical analysis suggests that STB can lead to a prescription performance that is comparable to that of wSAA and kERM. The explainability of STB prescriptions is demonstrated by breaking exemplary decisions down into the impacts of individual features. The novel STB approach is an attractive choice not only because of its prescription performance, but also because of the explainability that helps decision-makers understand the causality behind the prescriptions. The results presented in these three articles demonstrate that using prescriptive analytics approaches, such as wSAA, kERM, and STB, to solve complex planning problems can lead to significantly better decisions compared to traditional approaches that neglect feature data or rely on a parametric distribution estimation.},
  subject      = {Maschinelles Lernen},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Blaettler1995,
  author    = {Bl{\"a}ttler, Regine},
  title     = {Rezente fluviale Morphodynamik im Stubaital, Tirol},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-239248},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {1995},
  abstract  = {Andauernde Starkniederschl{\"a}ge f{\"u}hrten 1987 in zahlreichen Alpent{\"a}lem zu schweren Hochwasser- und Murkatastrophen. Auch das von der Ruetz entw{\"a}sserte Tiroler Stubaital s{\"u}dwestlich Innsbruck z{\"a}hlte zu den betroffenen T{\"a}lern. Im Abstand von nur sechs Wochen verursachten hier zwei Hochwasserereignisse {\"a}hnlichen Ausmaßes schwere Verw{\"u}stungen und Landschaftssch{\"a}den. Die Auswirkungen beider Hochw{\"a}sser bildeten die Ansatzpunkte der als Teilprojekt Stubai von Mitte 1988 bis Ende 1991 im Stubaital und einem seiner Seitent{\"a}ler laufenden Forschungsarbeit. Das Hauptinteresse galt dabei, nach Abschluß einer ausf{\"u}hrlichen Schadenskartierung und Photodokumentation, den Ursachen, Zusammenh{\"a}ngen und Auswirkungen einzelner morphodynamisch wirksamer Prozesse. Verschiedene Felduntersuchungen in einem Seitental des Stubaitales gaben hinsichtlich des Zusammenspiels von Abfluß, Niederschlag, Hangabtrag und Vegetation Aufschluß dar{\"u}ber, wann, wie und in welchem Zeitraum einzelne morphodynamisch wirksame Prozesse im Bachbett bzw. im Kontaktbereich Hang/Bach ablaufen. Um Aussagen dar{\"u}ber machen zu k{\"o}nnen, inwieweit das Hochwassersedimentationsverhalten der Ruetz innerhalb der letzten Jahrhunderte klimatisch beeinflußt wurde, und ob die touristische Erschließung des hinteren Stubaitales das Hochwasserabflußgeschehen der Ruetz in Bezug auf H{\"a}ufigkeit und Intensit{\"a}t in den letzten Jahren erkennbar beeinflußte, wurden im Auebereich der Ruetz mehrere Schlitzsonden- und Kernbohrungen abgeteuft. Die Auswertung der Bohrkeme und verschiedene Laboranalysen des gewonnenen Probenmaterials gaben einerseits Auskunft {\"u}ber Zusammensetzung, M{\"a}chtigkeit und Herkunft einzelner Hochwasserablagerungen, andererseits konnten anhand dieser Aussagen das fr{\"u}here Akkumulationsverhalten und verschiedene Laufverlagerungen der Ruetz f{\"u}r diesen Auebereich rekonstruiert werden. Ebenso konnte der direkte Einfluß des Menschen auf das Hochwassersed imentationsgeschehen und somit die anthropogene Beeinflussung der Hochflut-/Auedynamik bereits f{\"u}r historische Zeit festgestellt und belegt werden.},
  subject      = {Stubai},
  language  = {de}
}
@book{Halder2022,
  author    = {Halder, Partho},
  title     = {Identification and characterization of synaptic proteins of Drosophila melanogaster using monoclonal antibodies of the Wuerzburg Hybridoma Library},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-27020},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-270205},
  publisher      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {For a large fraction of the proteins expressed in the human brain only the primary structure is known from the genome project. Proteins conserved in evolution can be studied in genetic models such as Drosophila. In this doctoral thesis monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from the Wuerzburg Hybridoma library are produced and characterized with the aim to identify the target antigen. The mAb ab52 was found to be an IgM which recognized a cytosolic protein of Mr ~110 kDa on Western blots. The antigen was resolved by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) as a single distinct spot. Mass spectrometric analysis of this spot revealed EPS-15 (epidermal growth factor receptor pathway substrate clone 15) to be a strong candidate. Another mAb from the library, aa2, was already found to recognize EPS-15, and comparison of the signal of both mAbs on Western blots of 1D and 2D electrophoretic separations revealed similar patterns, hence indicating that both antigens could represent the same protein. Finally absence of the wild-type signal in homozygous Eps15 mutants in a Western blot with ab52 confirmed the ab52 antigen to be EPS-15. Thus both the mAbs aa2 and ab52 recognize the Drosophila homologue of EPS-15. The mAb aa2, being an IgG, is more suitable for applications like immunoprecipitation (IP). It has already been submitted to the Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank (DSHB) to be easily available for the entire research community. The mAb na21 was also found to be an IgM. It recognizes a membrane associated antigen of Mr ~10 kDa on Western blots. Due to the membrane associated nature of the protein, it was not possible to resolve it by 2DE and due to the IgM nature of the mAb it was not possible to enrich the antigen by IP. Preliminary attempts to biochemically purify the endogenously expressed protein from the tissue, gave 99 promising results but could not be completed due to lack of time. Thus biochemical purification of the protein seems possible in order to facilitate its identification by mass spectrometry. Several other mAbs were studied for their staining pattern on cryosections and whole mounts of Drosophila brains. However, many of these mAbs stained very few structures in the brain, which indicated that only a very limited amount of protein would be available as starting material. Because these antibodies did not produce signals on Western blots, which made it impossible to enrich the antigens by electrophoretic methods, we did not attempt their purification. However, the specific localization of these proteins makes them highly interesting and calls for their further characterization, as they may play a highly specialized role in the development and/or function of the neural circuits they are present in. The purification and identification of such low expression proteins would need novel methods of enrichment of the stained structures.},
  subject      = {Taufliege},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Grabenbauer2021,
  author    = {Grabenbauer, Felix},
  title     = {Radiosensibilisierung humaner Tumorzelllinien unterschiedlicher Entit{\"a}ten durch den MEK-Inhibitor PD184352 allein oder in Kombination mit dem HSP90-Inhibitor NVP-AUY922: Einfluss der Behandlungsschemas},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-23979},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-239790},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Das Targeting des MEK-Proteins in Krebszellen f{\"u}hrt in der Regel zu einer erworbenen Resistenz gegen MEK-Inhibitoren und zur Aktivierung des {\"u}berlebenswichtigen Proteins Akt. Da sowohl MEK als auch Akt Clienten des Hsp90-Chaperonsystems sind, untersucht die vorliegende Arbeit die Reaktionen von bestrahlten Lungenkarzinom- (A549) und Glioblastom- (SNB19) Zelllinien auf eine kombinierte MEK- und Hsp90-Hemmung. Unerwarteterweise verbesserte der 24 h vor der Bestrahlung verabreichte MEK-Inhibitor PD184352 das Zell{\"u}berleben durch Hochregulation von MEK und Erk1/2, aber auch von Akt. Im Gegensatz dazu reduzierte PD184352, das 1 h vor der Bestrahlung zugegeben wurde, die Expression von Erk stark und regulierte Akt in beiden Zelllinien nicht hoch. Als Ergebnis verst{\"a}rkte der MEK-Inhibitor die radiosensibilisierende Wirkung des Hsp90-Inhibitors NVP-AUY922 in Glioblastomzellen (SNB19).},
  subject      = {Strahlenbiologie},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{ChifuHeinzeFussetal.2020,
  author    = {Chifu, Irina and Heinze, Britta and Fuss, Carmina T. and Lang, Katharina and Kroiss, Matthias and Kircher, Stefan and Ronchi, Cristina L. and Altieri, Barbara and Schirbel, Andreas and Fassnacht, Martin and Hahner, Stefanie},
  title     = {Impact of the Chemokine Receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7 on Clinical Outcome in Adrenocortical Carcinoma},
  series = {Frontiers in Endocrinology},
  volume    = {11},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Endocrinology},
  issn      = {1664-2392},
  doi       = {10.3389/fendo.2020.597878},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-216494},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Chemokine receptors have a negative impact on tumor progression in several human cancers and have therefore been of interest for molecular imaging and targeted therapy. However, their clinical and prognostic significance in adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemokine receptor profile in ACC and to analyse its association with clinicopathological characteristics and clinical outcome. A chemokine receptor profile was initially evaluated by quantitative PCR in 4 normal adrenals, 18 ACC samples and human ACC cell line NCI-H295. High expression of CXCR4 and CXCR7 in both healthy and malignant adrenal tissue and ACC cells was confirmed. In the next step, we analyzed the expression and cellular localization of CXCR4 and CXCR7 in ACC by immunohistochemistry in 187 and 84 samples, respectively. These results were correlated with clinicopathological parameters and survival outcome. We detected strong membrane expression of CXCR4 and CXCR7 in 50\% of ACC samples. Strong cytoplasmic CXCR4 staining was more frequent among samples derived from metastases compared to primaries (p=0.01) and local recurrences (p=0.04). CXCR4 membrane staining positively correlated with proliferation index Ki67 (r=0.17, p=0.028). CXCR7 membrane staining negatively correlated with Ki67 (r=-0.254, p=0.03) but positively with tumor size (r=0.3, p=0.02). No differences in progression-free or overall survival were observed between patients with strong and weak staining intensities for CXCR4 or CXCR7. Taken together, high expression of CXCR4 and CXCR7 in both local tumors and metastases suggests that some ACC patients might benefit from CXCR4/CXCR7-targeted therapy.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KirschKundeHerbort2021,
  author    = {Kirsch, Wladimir and Kunde, Wilfried and Herbort, Oliver},
  title     = {Impact of proprioception on the perceived size and distance of external objects in a virtual action task},
  series = {Psychonomic Bulletin \& Review},
  volume    = {28},
  journal   = {Psychonomic Bulletin \& Review},
  number    = {4},
  issn      = {1531-5320},
  doi       = {10.3758/s13423-021-01915-y},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-273235},
  pages     = {1191-1201},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Previous research has revealed changes in the perception of objects due to changes of object-oriented actions. In present study, we varied the arm and finger postures in the context of a virtual reaching and grasping task and tested whether this manipulation can simultaneously affect the perceived size and distance of external objects. Participants manually controlled visual cursors, aiming at reaching and enclosing a distant target object, and judged the size and distance of this object. We observed that a visual-proprioceptive discrepancy introduced during the reaching part of the action simultaneously affected the judgments of target distance and of target size (Experiment 1). A related variation applied to the grasping part of the action affected the judgments of size, but not of distance of the target (Experiment 2). These results indicate that perceptual effects observed in the context of actions can directly arise through sensory integration of multimodal redundant signals and indirectly through perceptual constancy mechanisms.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{GrebeMalzahnDonhauseretal.2020,
  author    = {Grebe, S{\"o}ren Jendrik and Malzahn, Uwe and Donhauser, Julian and Liu, Dan and Wanner, Christoph and Krane, Vera and Hammer, Fabian},
  title     = {Quantification of left ventricular mass by echocardiography compared to cardiac magnet resonance imaging in hemodialysis patients},
  series = {Cardiovascular Ultrasound},
  volume    = {18},
  journal   = {Cardiovascular Ultrasound},
  doi       = {10.1186/s12947-020-00217-y},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-229282},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Background: Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), defined by the left ventricular mass index (LVMI), is highly prevalent in hemodialysis patients and a strong independent predictor of cardiovascular events. Compared to cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR), echocardiography tends to overestimate the LVMI. Here, we evaluate the diagnostic performance of transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) compared to CMR regarding the assessment of LVMI in hemodialysis patients. Methods: TTR and CMR data for 95 hemodialysis patients who participated in the MiREnDa trial were analyzed. The LVMI was calculated by two-dimensional (2D) TTE-guided M-mode measurements employing the American Society of Echocardiography (ASE) and Teichholz (Th) formulas, which were compared to the reference method, CMR. Results: LVH was present in 44\% of patients based on LVMI measured by CMR. LVMI measured by echocardiography correlated moderately with CMR, ASE: r = 0.44 (0.34-0.62); Th: r = 0.44 (0.32-0.62). Compared to CMR, both echocardiographic formulas overestimated LVMI (mean increment LVMI (ASE-CMR): 19.5 +/- 19.48 g/m(2),p < 0.001; mean increment LVMI (Th-CMR): 15.9 +/- 15.89 g/m(2),p < 0.001). We found greater LVMI overestimation in patients with LVH using the ASE formula compared to the Th formula. Stratification of patients into CMR LVMI quartiles showed a continuous decrease in increment LVMI with increasing CMR LVMI quartiles for the Th formula (p < 0.001) but not for the ASE formula (p = 0.772). Bland-Altman analysis showed that the Th formula had a constant bias independent of LVMI. Both methods had good discrimination ability for the detection of LVH (ROC-AUC: 0.819 (0.737-0.901) and 0.808 (0.723-0.892) for Th and ASE, respectively). Conclusions: The ASE and Th formulas overestimate LVMI in hemodialysis patients. However, the overestimation is less with the Th formula, particularly with increasing LVMI. The results suggest that the Th formula should be preferred for measurement of LVMI in chronic hemodialysis patients.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Gunesch2021,
  author    = {Gunesch, Sandra},
  title     = {Molecular Mode of Action of Flavonoids: From Neuroprotective Hybrids to Molecular Probes for Chemical Proteomics},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-23936},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-239360},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, and currently, there is no treatment to cure or halt disease progression. Because the one-target strategy focusing on amyloid-β has failed to generate successful pharmaceutical treatment, this work studies natural products with pleiotropic effects focusing on oxidative stress and neuroinflammation as key drivers of disease progression. The central part of this work focused on flavonoids as neuroprotectants. 7-O-Esters of taxifolin and cinnamic or ferulic acid were synthesized and investigated towards their neuroprotective potential addressing aging and disease. 7-O-Feruloyl- and 7-O-cinnamoyltaxifolin showed overadditive effects in oxidative stress-induced assays in the mouse neuronal cell line HT22 and proved to be protective against neuroinflammation in microglial BV-2 cells. The overadditive effect translated to animals using an Aβ25-35-induced memory-impaired AD mouse model where the compounds were able to ameliorate short-term memory defects. While the disease-modifying effects in vivo were observed, the detailed mechanisms of action and intracellular targets of the compounds remained unclear. Hence, a chemical probe of the neuroprotective flavonoid ester 7-O-cinnamoyltaxifolin was developed and applied in an activity-based protein profiling approach. SERCA and ANT-1 were identified as potential targets. Further, chemical modifications on the flavonoids taxifolin, quercetin, and fisetin were performed. The achievements of this work are an important contribution to the use of secondary plant metabolites as neuroprotectants. Chemical modifications increased the neuroprotective effect of the natural products, and distinct intracellular pathways involved in the neuroprotective mechanisms were identified. The results of this work support the use of secondary plant metabolites as potential therapeutics and hint towards new pharmacological targets for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.},
  subject      = {Alzheimerkrankheit},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Merz2022,
  author    = {Merz, Viktor},
  title     = {Funktionalisierung und Untersuchung von Nanodiamanten f{\"u}r biomedizinische und sensorische Anwendungen},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-24588},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-245888},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Nanodiamant (ND) ist ein vielseitiges und vielversprechendes Material f{\"u}r Bio-Anwendungen. Trotz vieler Bem{\"u}hungen bleibt die Agglomeration von Nanodiamant und die unspezifische Adsorption von Proteinen an der ND-Oberfl{\"a}che bei Kontakt mit Biofl{\"u}ssigkeiten ein großes Hindernis f{\"u}r biomedizinische Anwendungen. Eine Auswahl verzweigter und linearer Molek{\"u}le mit {\"u}berlegener F{\"a}higkeit zur kolloidalen Stabilisierung von Nanopartikeln in Salz- und Zellmedienumgebung, f{\"u}r bis zu 30 Tage, wurde an die ND-Oberfl{\"a}che angebracht. Das Baukastensystem mit Azid als Außengruppen bietet eine große Vielfalt an Bindungen mit vielen Molek{\"u}len, wie z. B. Medikamenten, Farbstoffen oder Targeting-Molek{\"u}len. Das Anh{\"a}ngen von z. B. Zwitterionen an die Kette sch{\"u}tzt die ND-Oberfl{\"a}che vor der Bildung einer Proteinkorona, wenn die Partikel mit proteinhaltigen Biofl{\"u}ssigkeiten in Kontakt kommen. Die Ergebnisse der thermogravimetrischen Analyse der Beladung der ND-Oberfl{\"a}che zeigen eine signifikante Verhinderung der Proteinadsorption von bis zu 98 \% im Vergleich zu NDs ohne zwitterionische Kopfgruppen und eine lange kolloidale Stabilit{\"a}t, wenn Tetraethylenglykol (TEG) an die Oberfl{\"a}che gebunden wird. Die Vielseitigkeit des modularen Systems, um nicht nur zwitterionische Ketten, sondern auch klickbare funktionelle Molek{\"u}le an fluoreszierende Nanodiamanten (fNDs) zu binden, zeigt das Potenzial des Systems am Nanodiamanten. Unter Verwendung von Defektstrukturen, wie Stickstoff-Vakanz-Zentren (NV), k{\"o}nnen Diamantpartikel aufgrund ihres weitgehend ungiftigen Verhaltens als fluoreszierende Nanodiamanten (fNDs) f{\"u}r photostabile Markierung, Bioimaging und nanoskalige Sensorik in lebenden Zellen und Organismen verwendet werden. Um die fND-Oberfl{\"a}che zu funktionalisieren, wurde eine neuartige Mahltechnik mit Diazoniumsalzen etabliert, um ein Pfropfen auf wenig reaktive HPHT-fNDs durchzuf{\"u}hren, was zu einer hohen Oberfl{\"a}chenbeladung und einem hohen negativen Zetapotenzial f{\"u}hrt. Die Kombination der Vorteile von TEG und zwitterionhaltigen Gruppen mit der F{\"a}higkeit zum Targeting von Antik{\"o}rpern auf fND best{\"a}tigt zum ersten Mal die verbesserte kolloidale Stabilit{\"a}t in Experimenten mit lebenden Zellen. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus deuten die Ergebnisse auf eine verbesserte Corona-Abstoßung im Vergleich zu fND ohne zwitterionhaltige Kopfgruppen hin. Infolgedessen wurden die Zirkulationszeiten von 4 (fND ohne Zwitterionenkette, aber mit Antik{\"o}rper) auf 17 (mit Antik{\"o}rper und Zwitterionenketten) Stunden vergr{\"o}ßert. In nicht-biomedizinischen Anwendungen kann das modulare System als Sonde f{\"u}r Schwermetalle durch die Anbindung von Farbstoffen verwendet werden. Die Detektion von Metallen in verschiedenen Umgebungen mit hoher Selektivit{\"a}t und Spezifit{\"a}t ist eine der Voraussetzungen f{\"u}r den Kampf gegen die Umweltverschmutzung mit diesen Elementen. Pyrene sind gut geeignet und weit bekannt f{\"u}r die Fluoreszenzsensorik in verschiedenen Medien. Das angewandte Sensorprinzip beruht typischerweise auf der Bildung von intra- und intermolekularen Excimeren, was jedoch den Empfindlichkeitsbereich aufgrund der Maskierung von z.B. Quenching-Effekten durch die Excimer-Emission einschr{\"a}nkt. Diese Studie zeigt einen hochselektiven, strukturstabilen chemischen Sensor, der auf der monomeren Fluoreszenz von Pyrenanteilen mit Triazolgruppen basiert. Dieser Sensor kann Cu2+, Pb2+ und Hg2+ in organischen L{\"o}sungsmitteln {\"u}ber einen weiten Konzentrationsbereich quantitativ nachweisen, auch in Gegenwart von ubiquit{\"a}ren Ionen wie Na+, K+, Ca2+ und Mg2+. Die stark emittierende Fluoreszenz des Sensors mit einer langen Lebensdauer von 165 ns wird durch eine 1:1-Komplexbildung bei Zugabe von Metallionen in Acetonitril gel{\"o}scht. Bei Zugabe eines zehnfachen {\"U}berschusses des Metallions zum Sensor bilden sich Agglomerate mit einem Durchmesser von etwa 3 nm. Aufgrund der komplexen Wechselwirkungen im System werden konventionelle lineare Korrelationen nicht f{\"u}r alle Konzentrationen beobachtet. Daher wird ein kritischer Vergleich zwischen der konventionellen Job-Plot-Interpretation, der Methode von Benesi-Hildebrand und einem nicht-linearen Fit vorgestellt. Das vorgestellte System erm{\"o}glicht die spezifische und robuste Erfassung von medizinisch und {\"o}kologisch relevanten Ionen im gesundheitsrelevanten nM-Bereich und k{\"o}nnte z. B. zur {\"U}berwachung der entsprechenden Ionen in Abfallstr{\"o}men eingesetzt werden. Doch h{\"a}ufig landen diese Abfallstr{\"o}me in empfindlichen Aquakulturen, wo eine solche Sensortechnik nur funktioniert, wenn die Sonde wasserl{\"o}slich ist, um die Ausbreitung und Bildung von Umweltsch{\"a}den durch Schwermetalle zu {\"u}berwachen. Viele Chemosensoren arbeiten nur in bestimmten L{\"o}sungsmitteln und unter hochreinen Bedingungen quantitativ. In dieser Arbeit wird eine Methode zur Stabilisierung von wasserunl{\"o}slichen Chemosensoren auf Nanodiamanten in salzhaltigem Wasser unter Beibehaltung der Sensoreffektivit{\"a}t und -spezifit{\"a}t sowie der kolloidalen Stabilit{\"a}t vorgestellt. Zus{\"a}tzlich wird die Sensorf{\"a}higkeit in organischen L{\"o}sungsmitteln beibehalten. Diese Studie gibt Einblick in die Absorptionsf{\"a}higkeit von Pyren-Derivaten an der Nanodiamant-Oberfl{\"a}che und einen Weg, diese reversibel zu desorbieren. Außerdem beweist das System, dass in Anwesenheit von 95 \% Sauerstoffatmosph{\"a}re bei der Fluoreszenzmessung die Ergebnisse nicht von denen in Argonatmosph{\"a}re abweichen. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus st{\"o}rt das Vorhandensein g{\"a}ngiger Ionen im Wasser die kolloidale Stabilit{\"a}t der NDs nicht und hat auch keinen Einfluss auf die Sensorfunktionalit{\"a}t und ist somit ein vielversprechender Kandidat f{\"u}r Messungen ohne aufw{\"a}ndige Pr{\"a}parationsschritte.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{GamachegebRupp2021,
  author    = {Gamache [geb. Rupp], Mira Theresa},
  title     = {Ligand Design for Ru(II) Photosensitizers in Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-24676},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-246766},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {This thesis investigates different ligand designs for Ru(II) complexes and the activity of the complexes as photosensitizer (PS) in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. The catalytic system typically contains a catalyst, a sacrificial electron donor (SED) and a PS, which needs to exhibit strong absorption and luminescence, as well as reversible redox behavior. Electron-withdrawing pyridine substituents on the terpyridine metal ion receptor result in an increase of excited-state lifetime and quantum yield (Φ = 74*10-5; τ = 3.8 ns) and lead to complex III-C1 exhibiting activity as PS. While the turn-over frequency (TOFmax) and turn-over number (TON) are relatively low (TOFmax = 57 mmolH2 molPS-1 min-1; TON(44 h) = 134 mmolH2 molPS-1), the catalytic system is long-lived, losing only 20\% of its activity over the course of 12 days. Interestingly, the heteroleptic design in III-C1 proves to be beneficial for the performance as PS, despite III-C1 having comparable photophysical and electrochemical properties as the homoleptic complex IV-C2 (TOFmax = 35 mmolH2 molPS-1 min-1; TON(24 h) = 14 mmolH2 molPS-1). Reductive quenching of the excited PS by the SED is identified as rate-limiting step in both cases. Hence, the ligands are designed to be more electron-accepting either via N-methylation of the peripheral pyridine substituents or introduction of a pyrimidine ring in the metal ion receptor, leading to increased excited-state lifetimes (τ = 9-40 ns) and luminescence quantum yields (Φ = 40-400*10-5). However, the more electron-accepting character of the ligands also results in anodically shifted reduction potentials, leading to a lack of driving force for the electron transfer from the reduced PS to the catalyst. Hence, this electron transfer step is found to be a limiting factor to the overall performance of the PS. While higher TOFmax in hydrogen evolution experiments are observed for pyrimidine-containing PS (TOFmax = 300-715 mmolH2 molPS-1 min-1), the longevity for these systems is reduced with half-life times of 2-6 h. Expansion of the pyrimidine-containing ligands to dinuclear complexes yields a stronger absorptivity (ε = 100-135*103 L mol-1 cm-1), increased luminescence (τ = 90-125 ns, Φ = 210-350*10-5) and can also result in higher TOFmax given sufficient driving force for electron transfer to the catalyst (TOFmax = 1500 mmolH2 molPS-1 min-1). When comparing complexes with similar driving forces, stronger luminescence is reflected in a higher TOFmax. Besides thermodynamic considerations, kinetic effects and electron transfer efficiency are assumed to impact the observed activity in hydrogen evolution. In summary, this work shows that targeted ligand design can make the previously disregarded group of Ru(II) complexes with tridentate ligands attractive candidates for use as PS in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.},
  subject      = {Fotokatalyse},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Meyer2021,
  author    = {Meyer, Michael},
  title     = {Practical isogeny-based cryptography},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-24682},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-246821},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {This thesis aims at providing efficient and side-channel protected implementations of isogeny-based primitives, and at their application in threshold protocols. It is based on a sequence of academic papers. Chapter 3 reviews the original variable-time implementation of CSIDH and introduces several optimizations, e.g. a significant improvement of isogeny computations by using both Montgomery and Edwards curves. In total, our improvements yield a speedup of 25\% compared to the original implementation. Chapter 4 presents the first practical constant-time implementation of CSIDH. We describe how variable-time implementations of CSIDH leak information on private keys, and describe ways to mitigate this. Further, we present several techniques to speed up the implementation. In total, our constant-time implementation achieves a rather small slowdown by a factor of 3.03. Chapter 5 reviews practical fault injection attacks on CSIDH and presents countermeasures. We evaluate different attack models theoretically and practically, using low-budget equipment. Moreover, we present countermeasures that mitigate the proposed fault injection attacks, only leading to a small performance overhead of 7\%. Chapter 6 initiates the study of threshold schemes based on the Hard Homogeneous Spaces (HHS) framework of Couveignes. Using the HHS equivalent of Shamir's secret sharing in the exponents, we adapt isogeny based schemes to the threshold setting. In particular, we present threshold versions of the CSIDH public key encryption and the CSI-FiSh signature scheme. Chapter 7 gives a sieving algorithm for finding pairs of consecutive smooth numbers that utilizes solutions to the Prouhet-Tarry-Escott (PTE) problem. Recent compact isogeny-based protocols, namely B-SIDH and SQISign, both require large primes that lie between two smooth integers. Finding such a prime can be seen as a special case of finding twin smooth integers under the additional stipulation that their sum is a prime.},
  subject      = {Kryptologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Djaković2022,
  author    = {Djaković, Lara},
  title     = {The HSV-1 ICP22 protein selectively impairs histone repositioning upon Pol II transcription downstream of genes},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-24670},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-246709},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Herpes Simplex Virus type 1 (HSV-1) is an ubiquitous neurotropic human pathogen that infects a large majority of the world's population. It is the causative agent of the common cold sore but also responsible for life-threatening infections (e.g., encephalitis), particularly in immunocompromised individuals and neonates. Like other herpesviruses, HSV-1 takes over the cellular RNA machinery to facilitate productive infection while efficiently shutting down host gene expression by targeting multiple steps of RNA metabolism. The two viral proteins, vhs and ICP27, play a crucial role in this process. Delivered by the tegument of the incoming virus, the virion host shut-off (vhs) endonuclease rapidly starts cleaving both cellular and viral mRNAs. With the onset of viral gene expression, the HSV-1 immediate-early protein ICP27 promotes the expression of viral early and late genes through various mechanisms, including mRNA processing, export, and translation. Prior research by the D{\"o}lken lab demonstrated that lytic HSV-1 infection results in the disruption of transcription termination (DoTT) of most cellular genes by the viral ICP27 protein. This significantly contributes to HSV-1 induced host shut-off. DoTT results in transcription for tens of thousands of nucleotides beyond poly(A) sites and into downstream genes. Interestingly, this was found to be accompanied by a dramatic increase in chromatin accessibility downstream of the affected poly(A) sites. This is consistent with the formation of extensive downstream open chromatin regions (dOCR) and indicative of impaired histone repositioning in the wake of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) downstream of the affected poly(A) sites. In my PhD thesis, I demonstrate that dOCR formation is dependent on the viral ICP22 protein when poly(A) read-through transcription is triggered by the ectopic expression of ICP27 or salt stress. I show that dOCR formation occurs when a high level of transcriptional activity arises downstream of genes due to the HSV-1-induced DoTT. To investigate whether histone composition is affected downstream of genes, I established the ChIPmentation approach to study associated changes and the influence of DoTT and dOCR formation on major histone modification marks. In HSV-1 WT infection, dOCR formation was reflected in alterations of canonical H1 histone downstream of affected genes, which was absent in ICP22 infection. To elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism, two major histone chaperones SPT6 and FACT (SPT16 and SSRP1), which govern histone repositioning and may thus play a role in H1 homeostasis, were extensively studied. Both histone chaperones have been recently shown to be recruited to the viral genome by interactions with ICP22 protein. To investigate whether the depletion of SSRP1 or SPT6 would complement the loss of ICP22 to induce dOCR, T-HF cells with doxycycline-inducible knock-down of either of the two factors were generated. ATAC-seq analysis revealed that the interaction between the two histone chaperones and ICP22 is not involved in HSV-1-induced dOCR formation, suggesting the involvement of other proteins. In summary, this work sheds new light on a fundamental molecular mechanism of the cellular transcriptional machinery that is manipulated by the concerted actions of the two HSV-1 immediate-early proteins ICP22 and ICP27.},
  subject      = {HSV-1},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{CalaCampana2021,
  author    = {Cal{\`a} Campana, Francesca},
  title     = {Numerical methods for solving open-loop non zero-sum differential Nash games},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-24590},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-245900},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {This thesis is devoted to a theoretical and numerical investigation of methods to solve open-loop non zero-sum differential Nash games. These problems arise in many applications, e.g., biology, economics, physics, where competition between different agents appears. In this case, the goal of each agent is in contrast with those of the others, and a competition game can be interpreted as a coupled optimization problem for which, in general, an optimal solution does not exist. In fact, an optimal strategy for one player may be unsatisfactory for the others. For this reason, a solution of a game is sought as an equilibrium and among the solutions concepts proposed in the literature, that of Nash equilibrium (NE) is the focus of this thesis. The building blocks of the resulting differential Nash games are a dynamical model with different control functions associated with different players that pursue non-cooperative objectives. In particular, the aim of this thesis is on differential models having linear or bilinear state-strategy structures. In this framework, in the first chapter, some well-known results are recalled, especially for non-cooperative linear-quadratic differential Nash games. Then, a bilinear Nash game is formulated and analysed. The main achievement in this chapter is Theorem 1.4.2 concerning existence of Nash equilibria for non-cooperative differential bilinear games. This result is obtained assuming a sufficiently small time horizon T, and an estimate of T is provided in Lemma 1.4.8 using specific properties of the regularized Nikaido-Isoda function. In Chapter 2, in order to solve a bilinear Nash game, a semi-smooth Newton (SSN) scheme combined with a relaxation method is investigated, where the choice of a SSN scheme is motivated by the presence of constraints on the players' actions that make the problem non-smooth. The resulting method is proved to be locally convergent in Theorem 2.1, and an estimate on the relaxation parameter is also obtained that relates the relaxation factor to the time horizon of a Nash equilibrium and to the other parameters of the game. For the bilinear Nash game, a Nash bargaining problem is also introduced and discussed, aiming at determining an improvement of all players' objectives with respect to the Nash equilibrium. A characterization of a bargaining solution is given in Theorem 2.2.1 and a numerical scheme based on this result is presented that allows to compute this solution on the Pareto frontier. Results of numerical experiments based on a quantum model of two spin-particles and on a population dynamics model with two competing species are presented that successfully validate the proposed algorithms. In Chapter 3 a functional formulation of the classical homicidal chauffeur (HC) Nash game is introduced and a new numerical framework for its solution in a time-optimal formulation is discussed. This methodology combines a Hamiltonian based scheme, with proximal penalty to determine the time horizon where the game takes place, with a Lagrangian optimal control approach and relaxation to solve the Nash game at a fixed end-time. The resulting numerical optimization scheme has a bilevel structure, which aims at decoupling the computation of the end-time from the solution of the pursuit-evader game. Several numerical experiments are performed to show the ability of the proposed algorithm to solve the HC game. Focusing on the case where a collision may occur, the time for this event is determined. The last part of this thesis deals with the analysis of a novel sequential quadratic Hamiltonian (SQH) scheme for solving open-loop differential Nash games. This method is formulated in the framework of Pontryagin's maximum principle and represents an efficient and robust extension of the successive approximations strategy in the realm of Nash games. In the SQH method, the Hamilton-Pontryagin functions are augmented by a quadratic penalty term and the Nikaido-Isoda function is used as a selection criterion. Based on this fact, the key idea of this SQH scheme is that the PMP characterization of Nash games leads to a finite-dimensional Nash game for any fixed time. A class of problems for which this finite-dimensional game admits a unique solution is identified and for this class of games theoretical results are presented that prove the well-posedness of the proposed scheme. In particular, Proposition 4.2.1 is proved to show that the selection criterion on the Nikaido-Isoda function is fulfilled. A comparison of the computational performances of the SQH scheme and the SSN-relaxation method previously discussed is shown. Applications to linear-quadratic Nash games and variants with control constraints, weighted L1 costs of the players' actions and tracking objectives are presented that corroborate the theoretical statements.},
  subject      = {Differential Games},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Swirski2021,
  author    = {Swirski, Thorben},
  title     = {Studies on the Effect of Gas Contaminations in Micromegas Detectors and Production of Micromegas Detectors for the New Small Wheel of the ATLAS Detector},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-24640},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-246405},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {This work consists of two parts. On the one hand, it describes simulation and measurement of the effect of contaminations of the detector gas on the performance of particle detectors, with special focus on Micromegas detectors. On the other hand, it includes the setup of a production site for the finalization of drift panels which are going to be used in the ATLAS NSW. The first part augments these two parts to give an introduction into the theoretical foundations of gaseous particle detectors.},
  subject      = {Gasionisationsdetektor},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Schug2021,
  author    = {Schug, Benedikt},
  title     = {Untersuchungen zur Ursache und Beeinflussung des Kriechverhaltens von Gips},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-24650},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-246503},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {In dieser Arbeit konnte ein weiterer und m{\"o}glicherweise entscheidender Schritt zur Aufkl{\"a}rung des Kriechmechanismus von Gips gemacht und darauf aufbauend Kriterien, Wege und Strategien aufgezeigt werden, um neue Antikriechmittelsubstanzen zu identifizieren oder vorhandene Kriechmittel gezielt zu verbessern. Die G{\"u}ltigkeit und Praxistauglichkeit der Kriterien wurde exemplarisch nachgewiesen. Die Basis der Untersuchungen wurde gelegt mit der Errichtung standardisierter Messaufbauten und Verfahren sowie Parameterauswahl f{\"u}r eine beschleunigte und reproduzierbare Darstellung des Kriechph{\"a}nomens, wobei zun{\"a}chst im Abgleich sichergestellt wurde, dass das beschleunigte Ph{\"a}nomen mit dem langsam {\"u}ber einen Zeitraum von Jahren erzeugten Ph{\"a}nomen deckungsgleich ist. Darauf aufbauend wurden innovative Untersuchungsmethoden entwickelt, um das Kriechverhalten zu charakterisieren und qualitativ sowie quantitativ zu analysieren. Hierzu wurde zun{\"a}chst ein Aufbau und eine Messroutine entwickelt und eingef{\"u}hrt, um morphologische Ver{\"a}nderungen w{\"a}hrend des Kriechvorgangs im Rasterelektronenmikroskop nachzuverfolgen. Im Weiteren wurden Versuchsaufbauten f{\"u}r statische 3-Punkt-Biegeversuche in verschiedenen L{\"o}sungen realisiert und diese ergebnisabh{\"a}ngig optimiert. Hierdurch konnte der Einfluss der L{\"o}slichkeit von Gips in den entsprechenden Medien auf das Kriechverhalten untersuchen werden. Mittels Laserscanning-Mikroskop wurden wiederum diese Ergebnisse untermauert. Als vorherrschender Kriechmechanismus von Gips wurde damit das Abgleiten einzelner Gipskristalle bedingt durch einen L{\"o}sungs-Abscheide-Mechanismus an Orten hoher mechanischer Belastung identifiziert und best{\"a}tigt.},
  subject      = {Rauchgasgips},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{MolinaGalindo2021,
  author    = {Molina Galindo, Lara Sophia},
  title     = {Glaukomtherapie: Intraindividueller Vergleich zwischen der konventionellen Trabekulektomie und der filtrierenden Trabekulotomie},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-24641},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-246412},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Hintergrund: Die konventionelle Trabekulektomie (TET) stellt trotz einem eher ung{\"u}nstigen Komplikationsprofil weiterhin den Goldstandard der operativen Glaukomtherapie dar, da sie eine effektivere langfristige Drucksenkung als neuere Operationsverfahren aufweist. Fragestellung: Vergleich der Erfolgsquote und des Risikoprofils der TET mit einer durch Schaffen einer zweiten Filtrationsebene sowie Vermeiden einer peripheren Iridektomie modifizierten Trabekulektomie („Filtrierende Trabekulotomie" (FTO)). Material und Methode: Retrospektiv durchgef{\"u}hrter intraindividueller Vergleich {\"u}ber 36 Monate an 20 Patienten mit Offenwinkelglaukom nach TET an einem Auge und FTO am anderen Auge an der Augenklinik der Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg. Prim{\"a}rer Endpunkt war das Erreichen des absoluten/Teilerfolgs (IOD ≤18 mmHg und ≥ 20 \% Druckreduktion ohne/mit Medikation). Als sekund{\"a}re Endpunkte wurden das Auftreten von Komplikationen sowie der Verlauf von Augeninnendruck, Visus und lokaler Pharmakotherapie analysiert. Ergebnisse: Beide Operationsverfahren f{\"u}hrten zu einer signifikanten Reduktion des Augeninnendrucks zu jedem postoperativen Zeitpunkt. Nach 36 Monaten zeigte sich ein absoluter Erfolg bei 50 \% der Augen in der TET-Gruppe und 20 \% der FTO-Gruppe sowie ein Teilerfolg bei 71,4 \% gegen{\"u}ber 33,3 \%. Zu Komplikationen kam es mit Ausnahme des h{\"a}ufigeren Auftretens eines Hyph{\"a}mas in der FTO-Gruppe in vergleichbarem Ausmaß in beiden Gruppen. Der Visus und postoperative Medikamentenscore unterschieden sich nicht signifikant voneinander. Schlussfolgerung: Die TET war der FTO in Hinblick auf Erfolg und Komplikationsrisiko {\"u}berlegen. Die m{\"o}glichen Vorteile der Operation durch die genannten Modifikationen konnten nicht best{\"a}tigt werden.},
  subject      = {Offenwinkelglaukom},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{BreitenbachBorzi2020,
  author    = {Breitenbach, Tim and Borz{\`i}, Alfio},
  title     = {The Pontryagin maximum principle for solving Fokker-Planck optimal control problems},
  series = {Computational Optimization and Applications},
  volume    = {76},
  journal   = {Computational Optimization and Applications},
  issn      = {0926-6003},
  doi       = {10.1007/s10589-020-00187-x},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-232665},
  pages     = {499-533},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {The characterization and numerical solution of two non-smooth optimal control problems governed by a Fokker-Planck (FP) equation are investigated in the framework of the Pontryagin maximum principle (PMP). The two FP control problems are related to the problem of determining open- and closed-loop controls for a stochastic process whose probability density function is modelled by the FP equation. In both cases, existence and PMP characterisation of optimal controls are proved, and PMP-based numerical optimization schemes are implemented that solve the PMP optimality conditions to determine the controls sought. Results of experiments are presented that successfully validate the proposed computational framework and allow to compare the two control strategies.},
  language  = {en}
}
@incollection{AckermannSnyderKoerber2023,
  author    = {Ackermann, Zeno and Snyder-K{\"o}rber, MaryAnn},
  title     = {Series Foreword : JMU Cultural Studies - Strategies for Struggling with the Obvious},
  series = {Global Cultural Studies? Engaged Scholarship between National and Transnational Frames},
  booktitle = {Global Cultural Studies? Engaged Scholarship between National and Transnational Frames},
  editor    = {Jetter, Tobias},
  publisher = {W{\"u}rzburg University Press},
  address   = {W{\"u}rzburg},
  doi       = {10.25972/WUP-978-3-95826-207-2-iii},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-305801},
  publisher      = {W{\"u}rzburg University Press},
  pages     = {iii-v},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {No abstract available.},
  subject      = {Kulturwissenschaften},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Mottl2021,
  author    = {Mottl, Christian},
  title     = {Konzeptionelle Perspektiven des Systems der UN-Menschenrechts{\"u}berwachung},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-24053},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-240532},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Die Arbeit greift die seit mehreren Jahrzehnten bestehenden Reformbestrebungen im Bereich des Systems der UN-Menschenrechts{\"u}berwachung auf und setzt sich unter Einbeziehung vergangener und aktueller Entwicklungen mit den Perspektiven des Systems auseinander. Dabei wird nicht nur das System der vertraglichen UN-Menschenrechts{\"u}berwachung einer kritischen Analyse unterzogen, sondern in einem gr{\"o}ßeren Kontext auch die Menschenrechts{\"u}berwachung durch spezifische UN-Organe wie den Menschenrechtsrat sowie die Wechselwirkung mit bereits bestehenden justiziellen Mechanismen wie dem Internationalen Gerichtshof und dem Internationalen Strafgerichtshof. Nach einer ausf{\"u}hrlichen Bestandsaufnahme des Systems, in welcher die Ursachen f{\"u}r die seit Langem bestehenden Defizite herausgearbeitet werden, folgt eine detaillierte Auseinandersetzung mit m{\"o}glichen Reformans{\"a}tzen. Diese reichen von strukturell-prozeduralen Anpassungen bis hin zu grundlegenden Umstrukturierungen und der Schaffung neuer (justizieller) {\"U}berwachungsorgane wie einem st{\"a}ndigen einheitlichen Vertragsorgan oder einem Internationalen Gerichtshof f{\"u}r Menschenrechte. Im Anschluss daran wird die Frage der Reformierung des bestehenden Systems aus dogmatischer Sicht beleuchtet und ein dogmatisches Konzept erarbeitet, welches zu einer St{\"a}rkung der Reformbestrebungen und des UN-Menschenrechtsschutzes als solches beitragen kann. Zugleich erhebt die Arbeit den Anspruch, auch unabh{\"a}ngig von einem dogmatischen Grundkonzept einen nachhaltigen Beitrag zur kritischen Bestandsaufnahme und umsichtigen Weiterentwicklung des Systems der UN-Menschenrechts{\"u}berwachung zu leisten.},
  subject      = {Menschenrecht},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Ochs2022,
  author    = {Ochs, Maximilian Thomas},
  title     = {Electrically Connected Nano-Optical Systems: From Refined Nanoscale Geometries to Selective Molecular Assembly},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-29114},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-291140},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Metallic nano-optical systems allow to confine and guide light at the nanoscale, a fascinating ability which has motivated a wide range of fundamental as well as applied research over the last two decades. While optical antennas provide a link between visible radiation and localized energy, plasmonic waveguides route light in predefined pathways. So far, however, most experimental demonstrations are limited to purely optical excitations, i.e. isolated structures are illuminated by external lasers. Driving such systems electrically and generating light at the nanoscale, would greatly reduce the device footprint and pave the road for integrated optical nanocircuitry. Yet, the light emission mechanism as well as connecting delicate nanostructures to external electrodes pose key challenges and require sophisticated fabrication techniques. This work presents various electrically connected nano-optical systems and outlines a comprehensive production line, thus significantly advancing the state of the art. Importantly, the electrical connection is not just used to generate light, but also offers new strategies for device assembly. In a first example, nanoelectrodes are selectively functionalized with self-assembled monolayers by charging a specific electrode. This allows to tailor the surface properties of nanoscale objects, introducing an additional degree of freedom to the development of metal-organic nanodevices. In addition, the electrical connection enables the bottom-up fabrication of tunnel junctions by feedback-controlled dielectrophoresis. The resulting tunnel barriers are then used to generate light in different nano-optical systems via inelastic electron tunneling. Two structures are discussed in particular: optical Yagi-Uda antennas and plasmonic waveguides. Their refined geometries, accurately fabricated via focused ion beam milling of single-crystalline gold platelets, determine the properties of the emitted light. It is shown experimentally, that Yagi-Uda antennas radiate light in a specific direction with unprecedented directionality, while plasmonic waveguides allow to switch between the excitation of two propagating modes with orthogonal near-field symmetry. The presented devices nicely demonstrate the potential of electrically connected nano-optical systems, and the fabrication scheme including dielectrophoresis as well as site-selective functionalization will inspire more research in the field of nano-optoelectronics. In this context, different future experiments are discussed, ranging from the control of molecular machinery to optical antenna communication.},
  subject      = {Nanooptik},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Raharja2021,
  author    = {Raharja, Andreas Budi},
  title     = {Optimisation Problems with Sparsity Terms: Theory and Algorithms},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-24195},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-241955},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {The present thesis deals with optimisation problems with sparsity terms, either in the constraints which lead to cardinality-constrained problems or in the objective function which in turn lead to sparse optimisation problems. One of the primary aims of this work is to extend the so-called sequential optimality conditions to these two classes of problems. In recent years sequential optimality conditions have become increasingly popular in the realm of standard nonlinear programming. In contrast to the more well-known Karush-Kuhn-Tucker condition, they are genuine optimality conditions in the sense that every local minimiser satisfies these conditions without any further assumption. Lately they have also been extended to mathematical programmes with complementarity constraints. At around the same time it was also shown that optimisation problems with sparsity terms can be reformulated into problems which possess similar structures to mathematical programmes with complementarity constraints. These recent developments have become the impetus of the present work. But rather than working with the aforementioned reformulations which involve an artifical variable we shall first directly look at the problems themselves and derive sequential optimality conditions which are independent of any artificial variable. Afterwards we shall derive the weakest constraint qualifications associated with these conditions which relate them to the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker-type conditions. Another equally important aim of this work is to then consider the practicability of the derived sequential optimality conditions. The previously mentioned reformulations open up the possibilities to adapt methods which have been proven successful to handle mathematical programmes with complementarity constraints. We will show that the safeguarded augmented Lagrangian method and some regularisation methods may generate a point satisfying the derived conditions.},
  subject      = {Optimierungsproblem},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Mayer2021,
  author    = {Mayer, Stefanie},
  title     = {Differenzierte β-Arrestin2 Rekrutierung am μ-Opioid Rezeptor durch klinisch eingesetzte Opioide},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-24094},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-240949},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Opioide geh{\"o}ren zu den potentesten Analgetika f{\"u}r die Behandlung akuter und chronischer Schmerzen, werden jedoch in ihrer Anwendung durch analgetische Toleranz aber auch Nebenwirkungen wie Abh{\"a}ngigkeit, Atemdepression und Obstipation limitiert. Opioid-Analgetika vermitteln dabei nahezu alle klinisch relevanten Wirkungen durch Stimulation des μ-Opioidrezeptors, einem G- Protein-gekoppelten Rezeptor. Die „klassische" Signaltransduktion durch Aktivierung inhibitorischer Gi/0-Proteine kann durch G-Protein gekoppelte Rezeptorkinasen (GRKs) und β-Arrestine negativ reguliert werden. Zus{\"a}tzlich k{\"o}nnen durch β-Arrestin-Bindung an den Rezeptor G-Protein-unabh{\"a}ngige Signalwege aktiviert werden. Die genauen Mechanismen wie β-Arrestin- assoziierte Rezeptordesensibilisierung, -internalisierung und G-Protein- unabh{\"a}ngige Signalwege an der physiologischen Antwort und insbesondere an Toleranzentwicklung und Abh{\"a}ngigkeit von Opioid-Analgetika beteiligt sind, k{\"o}nnen bislang nicht ausreichend erkl{\"a}rt werden. In dieser Arbeit konnte in HEK293-Zellen mit Lebendzell-Konfokalmikroskopie und Luciferase-Komplementierung f{\"u}r 17 Opioide eine differenzierte β-Arrestin2- Rekrutierung zum μ-Opioidrezeptor gezeigt werden. Von den untersuchten Opioiden sind 13 h{\"a}ufig eingesetzte Opioid-Analgetika. Durch die Erstellung detaillierter pharmakologischer Profile ließen sich die Opioide bez{\"u}glich ihres β- Arrestin2-Rekrutierungsverm{\"o}gens in Voll-, Partial und Antagonisten eingruppieren. Bemerkenswert war die fehlende β-Arrestin2-Rekrutierung f{\"u}r Buprenorphin, Tramadol und Tilidin, sodass diese interessante Substanzen f{\"u}r weitere Untersuchungen in physiologischerem Kontext sind. Durch {\"U}berexpression von GRK2 konnte die β-Arrestin2-Rekrutierung insbesondere f{\"u}r Partialagonisten gesteigert werden, was die Abh{\"a}ngigkeit der β-Arrestin- Rekrutierung vom GRK-Expressionslevel, das in verschiedenen Assays und Gewebetypen variieren kann, zeigt. Außerdem konnte ein heterogenes Bild der Rezeptorregulierung demonstriert werden, welches indirekt durch Endozytosehemmung unter Verwendung von Dynamin-Inhibitoren erfasst wurde. Die erhobenen Daten dienen als Ankn{\"u}pfungspunkt f{\"u}r weiteren Arbeiten auf dem Gebiet der μ-Opioidrezeptorregulation. Ein besseres Verst{\"a}ndnis der molekularen Mechanismen ist n{\"o}tig, um sichere und nebenwirkungs{\"a}rmere Opioid-Analgetika entwickeln zu k{\"o}nnen.},
  subject      = {Opiatrezeptor},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Nehen2021,
  author    = {Nehen, Mathias Julius},
  title     = {Modulation der Schrankenfunktion prim{\"a}rer humaner zerebraler Endothelzellen durch Fumars{\"a}ureester unter inflammatorischen und nicht-inflammatorischen Bedingungen},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-24092},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-240925},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Die Multiple Sklerose ist eine bisher nicht heilbare, chronisch-inflammatorische demyelinisierende Erkrankung des zentralen Nervensystems. Trotz intensiver Forschungsbem{\"u}hungen ist der exakte Pathomechanismus nicht vollkommen verstanden. Klar ist jedoch, dass der Blut-Hirn-Schranke eine entscheidende Rolle bei der Pathogenese zukommt. Seit Februar 2014 ist mit Dimethylfumarat ein neues orales Medikament f{\"u}r die schubf{\"o}rmige Multiple Sklerose zugelassen. Die Wirkungen von Fumars{\"a}ureestern auf humane zerebrale Endothelzellen als Grundsteine der Blut-Hirn-Schranke sind allerdings nur unzureichend untersucht. Mehrere Forschungsgruppen demonstrierten an humanem Nabelschnurvenenendothel einen hemmenden Effekt von Fumars{\"a}ureestern auf die Adh{\"a}sion von Leukozyten und beschrieben eine Inhibition der Aktivierung des proinflammatorischen Transkriptionsfaktors NFB in den Endothelzellen. Aufgrund der charakteristischen Eigenschaften zerebralen Endothels ist eine {\"U}bertragung dieser Beobachtungen auf die Blut-Hirn-Schranke allerdings nicht ohne weiteres m{\"o}glich. Daher galt es potentielle Effekte von Fumars{\"a}ureestern auf prim{\"a}re humane zerebrale Endothelzellen als in vitro Modell der Blut-Hirn-Schranke zu {\"u}berpr{\"u}fen. Dabei wurden die Zellen nicht nur unter ruhenden Bedingungen, sondern auch unter inflammatorischer Stimulation mit TNF-α, IL-1 und IFN untersucht, einem Milieu, wie es in inflammatorischen MS L{\"a}sionen zu finden ist. In Leukozyten-Adh{\"a}sionsassays konnte durch Inkubation mit Monomethylfumarat und Dimethylfumarat keine funktionale Beeinflussung der Adh{\"a}sion von T-Lymphozyten an den verwendeten zerebralen Endothelzellen verzeichnet werden. Kongruent dazu fand sich in durchflusszytometrischen Analysen keine Hemmung der inflammatorisch vermittelten Expression des Adh{\"a}sionsmolek{\"u}ls ICAM-1, welches eine tragende Rolle bei der Leukozytenmigration spielt. Inflammatorische intrazellul{\"a}re Signalwege, wie die NFB-Kerntranslokation oder die Phosphorylierung von p38 wurden in HECE im Gegensatz zu HUVEC durch Fumars{\"a}ureester ebenso wenig beeinflusst. Diese in sich konsistenten Ergebnisse f{\"u}hren zu der Schlussfolgerung, dass im Gegensatz zu anderen Gef{\"a}ßbetten weder Dimethylfumarat noch Monomethylfumarat direkt am zerebralen Endothel anti-inflammatorisch wirken.},
  subject      = {Multiple Sklerose},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Soda2021,
  author    = {Soda, Hassan},
  title     = {Interdisziplin{\"a}res Schlaganfallmanagement anhand des Stroke Manager Programms - Studiendaten und Perspektiven f{\"u}r die Schlaganfallversorgung},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-24206},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-242061},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Die Schlaganfallnachsorge in Deutschland wird von verschiedenen Leistungserbringern gepr{\"a}gt, die teilweise komplement{\"a}re und komplexe Dienstleistungen erbringen und sektoren{\"u}bergreifend arbeiten. In Bad Neustadt wurde in Kooperation mit der Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg und dem Zentrum f{\"u}r Telemedizin Bad Kissingen das Stroke Manager Programm entwickelt und evaluiert. Das strukturierte Nachsorgeprogramm Stroke Manager basiert auf einer standardisierten Informations- und Software Unterst{\"u}tzung von der Akutversorgung bis drei Monate nach Entlassung aus der station{\"a}ren Versorgung. Anhand der Ergebnisse des Stroke Manager Programms konnte eine vergleichsweise hohe Persistenz bzgl. der station{\"a}r verordneten medikament{\"o}sen Sekund{\"a}rpr{\"a}vention {\"u}ber einen Zeitraum von drei Monaten festgestellt werden, ebenso konnten wir nachweisen, dass sich das Programm positiv auf die Versorgungsqualit{\"a}t sowie die Patientenzufriedenheit nach Schlaganfall auswirken kann. Die im Stroke Manager-Programm betreuten Schlaganfallpatienten wiesen im Vergleich signifikante Unterschiede bei den Faktoren Rauchverhalten, Schlaganfallschweregrad und subjektive, globale Lebensqualit{\"a}t auf.},
  subject      = {Stroke Manager},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Seidensticker2021,
  author    = {Seidensticker, Katharina},
  title     = {Aufbau eines humanen 3D-Atemwegsmodells zur Modellierung der Atemwegsinfektion mit Bordetella pertussis},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-24209},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-242092},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Mittels Tissue Engineering hergestellte humane 3D in vitro-Testsysteme sind ein neuer Ansatz, um u.a. Erkrankungen der Atemwege zu simulieren und zu untersuchen. Obwohl gegen B. pertussis, den Erreger des Keuchhustens, Impfstoffe zur Verf{\"u}gung stehen, nimmt die Erkrankungs-Inzidenz in den letzten Jahren deutlich zu. Da B. pertussis zu den obligat humanpathogenen Erregern z{\"a}hlt, sind die aus Tierversuchen stammenden Daten nur unzureichend auf den Menschen {\"u}bertragbar. Die genauen Pathomechanismen der Infektion sind bisher nicht gekl{\"a}rt. Auf einer biologischen Kollagenmatrix wurde eine Ko-Kultur aus humanen tracheobronchialen Fibroblasten und humanen tracheobronchialen Epithelzellen (hTEC) angesiedelt und 3 Wochen unter apikaler Bel{\"u}ftung kultiviert. Die ausdifferenzierten 3D Testsysteme wurden mit {\"U}berst{\"a}nden von Bordetella pertussis-Kulturen inkubiert und auf licht- und elektronenmikroskopischer Ebene analysiert. Weiterhin wurden 2D Kulturen der hTEC mit Hilfe der Ramanspektroskopie nicht-invasiv auf intrazellul{\"a}re Ver{\"a}nderungen nach der Inkubation mit den bakteriellen {\"U}berst{\"a}nden untersucht. Das 3D Testsystem der humanen Atemwegschleimhaut zeigte auf lichtmikroskopischer und ultrastruktureller Ebene eine hohe in vitro - in vivo-Korrelation. Die elektronenmikroskopische Analyse zeigte morphologische Ver{\"a}nderungen nach der Inkubation mit den B. pertussis {\"U}berst{\"a}nden, die mit vorbeschrieben Effekten einer B. pertussis Infektion korrelieren. Mittels der Ramanspektroskopie ließen sich Gruppen von unbehandelten Zellen von Gruppen, die zuvor mit Bakterien{\"u}berst{\"a}nden inkubiert wurden, trennen. Somit zeigte sich die Ramanspektroskopie sensitiv f{\"u}r intrazellul{\"a}re Infektionsfolgen. Zusammenfassend wurde belegt, dass das 3D-Modell der humanen Atemwegschleimhaut zur Untersuchung obligat humanpathogener Infektionserreger geeignet ist und dass die Ramanspektroskopie eine nicht-invasive Methode ist, um durch Infektionen hervorgerufene intrazellul{\"a}ren Pathologien zu analysieren.},
  subject      = {Bordetella pertussis},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Kodandaraman2021,
  author    = {Kodandaraman, Geema},
  title     = {Influence of insulin-induced oxidative stress in genotoxicity and disease},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-24200},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-242005},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Hormones are essential components in the body and their imbalance leads to pathological consequences. T2DM, insulin resistance and obesity are the most commonly occurring lifestyle diseases in the past decade. Also, an increased cancer incidence has been strongly associated with obese and T2DM patients. Therefore, our aim was to study the influence of high insulin levels in accumulating DNA damage in in vitro models and patients, through the induction of oxidative stress. The primary goal of this study was to analyze the genotoxicity induced by the combined action of two endogenous hormones (insulin and adrenaline) with in vitro models, through the induction of micronuclei and to see if they cause an additive increase in genomic damage. This is important for multifactorial diseases having high levels of more than one hormone, such as metabolic syndrome and conditions with multiple pathologies (e.g., T2DM along with high stress levels). Furthermore, the combination of insulin and the pharmacological inhibition of the tumor suppressor gene: PTEN, was to be tested in in vitro models for their genotoxic effect and oxidative stress inducing potential. As the tumor suppressor gene: PTEN is downregulated in PTEN associated syndromes and when presented along with T2DM and insulin resistance, this may increase the potential to accumulate genomic damage. The consequences of insulin action were to be further elucidated by following GFP-expressing cells in live cell-imaging to observe the ability of insulin, to induce micronuclei and replicative stress. Finally, the detrimental potential of high insulin levels in obese patients with hyperinsulinemia and pre-diabetes was to be studied by analyzing markers of oxidative stress and genomic damage. In summary, the intention of this work was to understand the effects of high insulin levels in in vitro and in patients to understand its relevance for the development of genomic instability and thus an elevated cancer risk.},
  subject      = {Insulin},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{UllmannBanksSchmittetal.2017,
  author    = {Ullmann, Tobias and Banks, Sarah N. and Schmitt, Andreas and Jagdhuber, Thomas},
  title     = {Scattering characteristics of X-, C- and L-Band PolSAR data examined for the tundra environment of the Tuktoyaktuk Peninsula, Canada},
  series = {Applied Sciences},
  volume    = {7},
  journal   = {Applied Sciences},
  number    = {6},
  doi       = {10.3390/app7060595},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-158362},
  pages     = {595},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {In this study, polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar (PolSAR) data at X-, C- and L-Bands, acquired by the satellites: TerraSAR-X (2011), Radarsat-2 (2011), ALOS (2010) and ALOS-2 (2016), were used to characterize the tundra land cover of a test site located close to the town of Tuktoyaktuk, NWT, Canada. Using available in situ ground data collected in 2010 and 2012, we investigate PolSAR scattering characteristics of common tundra land cover classes at X-, C- and L-Bands. Several decomposition features of quad-, co-, and cross-polarized data were compared, the correlation between them was investigated, and the class separability offered by their different feature spaces was analyzed. Certain PolSAR features at each wavelength were sensitive to the land cover and exhibited distinct scattering characteristics. Use of shorter wavelength imagery (X and C) was beneficial for the characterization of wetland and tundra vegetation, while L-Band data highlighted differences of the bare ground classes better. The Kennaugh Matrix decomposition applied in this study provided a unified framework to store, process, and analyze all data consistently, and the matrix offered a favorable feature space for class separation. Of all elements of the quad-polarized Kennaugh Matrix, the intensity based elements K0, K1, K2, K3 and K4 were found to be most valuable for class discrimination. These elements contributed to better class separation as indicated by an increase of the separability metrics squared Jefferys Matusita Distance and Transformed Divergence. The increase in separability was up to 57\% for Radarsat-2 and up to 18\% for ALOS-2 data.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchulteBlum2022,
  author    = {Schulte, Annemarie and Blum, Robert},
  title     = {Shaped by leaky ER: Homeostatic Ca\(^{2+}\) fluxes},
  series = {Frontiers in Physiology},
  volume    = {13},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Physiology},
  issn      = {1664-042X},
  doi       = {10.3389/fphys.2022.972104},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-287102},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {At any moment in time, cells coordinate and balance their calcium ion (Ca\(^{2+}\)) fluxes. The term 'Ca\(^{2+}\) homeostasis' suggests that balancing resting Ca2+ levels is a rather static process. However, direct ER Ca\(^{2+}\) imaging shows that resting Ca\(^{2+}\) levels are maintained by surprisingly dynamic Ca\(^{2+}\) fluxes between the ER Ca\(^{2+}\) store, the cytosol, and the extracellular space. The data show that the ER Ca\(^{2+}\) leak, continuously fed by the high-energy consuming SERCA, is a fundamental driver of resting Ca\(^{2+}\) dynamics. Based on simplistic Ca\(^{2+}\) toolkit models, we discuss how the ER Ca\(^{2+}\) leak could contribute to evolutionarily conserved Ca\(^{2+}\) phenomena such as Ca\(^{2+}\) entry, ER Ca\(^{2+}\) release, and Ca\(^{2+}\) oscillations.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Roos2021,
  author    = {Roos, Markus},
  title     = {Synthesis, Photophysics and Photocatalysis of [FeFe] Complex Containing Dyads and Bimolecular Systems},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-23453},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-234537},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {In the course of this work, a total of three photocatalytically active dyads for proton reduction could be synthesized together with the associated individual components. Two of them, D1 and D2, comprised a [Ru(bpy)3]2+ photosensitizer and D3 an [Ir(ppy)2bpy]+ photosensitizer. A Ppyr3-substituted propyldithiolate [FeFe] complex was used as catalyst in all systems. The absorption spectroscopic and electrochemical investigations showed that an inner-dyadic electronic coupling is effectively prevented in the dyads due to conjugation blockers within the bridging units used. The photocatalytic investigations exhibited that all dyad containing two-component systems (2CS) showed a significantly worse performance than the corresponding bimolecular three-component systems (3CS). Transient absorption spectroscopy showed that the 2CS behave very similarly to the associated multicomponent systems during photocatalysis. The electron that was intended for the intramolecular transfer from the photosensitizer unit to the catalyst unit within the dyads remains at the photosensitizer for a relatively long time, analogous to the 3CS and despite the covalently bound catalyst. It is therefore assumed that this intramolecular electron transfer is likely to be hindered as a result of the weak electronic coupling caused by the bridge units used. Instead, the system bypasses this through an intermolecular transfer to other dyad molecules in the immediate vicinity. In addition, with the help of emission quenching experiments and electrochemical investigations, it could be clearly concluded that all investigated systems proceed via the reductive quenching mechanism during photocatalysis.},
  subject      = {Fotokatalyse},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Schmidt2022,
  author    = {Schmidt, Uwe},
  title     = {Sandwich- und Halbsandwich-substituierte Diborene - Synthese, Eigenschaften und Reaktivit{\"a}t},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-23460},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-234601},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Innerhalb der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es gelungen, durch das Einf{\"u}hren von Cymantrenylresten neue Diborene darzustellen, welche Halbsandwich-Substituenten tragen und somit das Substitutionsmuster von basenstabilisierten Diborenen um eine weitere Verbindungsklasse zu erweitern. Neben Cymantrenylresten gelang es auch, Ferrocenylreste als weitere Substituenten in entsprechende Diborensysteme einzuf{\"u}hren. {\"U}ber die Darstellung neuer Diborensysteme hinaus, waren Reaktivit{\"a}tsstudien am Diboraferrocenophan 29 ebenso ein wesentlicher Bestandteil der vorliegenden Arbeit. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass 29 mit kleinen Lewis-Basen, Element-Wasserstoff-Verbindungen und Hydrierungsreagenzien zur Reaktion gebracht werden kann.},
  subject      = {Diborene},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Herget2021,
  author    = {Herget, Ann-Kristin},
  title     = {Emotionsquelle, Bedeutungstr{\"a}ger, Taktgeber? Zur Wirksamkeit von Hintergrundmusik in audiovisuellen Medienformaten},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-23212},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-232121},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Hintergrundmusik wird in verschiedenen audiovisuellen Medienformaten h{\"a}ufig und meist mit einer ganz bestimmten Intention eingesetzt. Ziel dieser Dissertation war es, durch eine umfangreiche Aufarbeitung bisheriger Forschung Faktoren zu ermitteln und empirisch zu testen, die beeinflussen, dass Hintergrundmusik in audiovisuellen Medienformaten prognostizierbar die ihr zugesprochenen Funktionen erf{\"u}llt. Als interdisziplin{\"a}rer Forschungsgegenstand bedarf Hintergrundmusik eines m{\"o}glichst ausgewogenen Blickwinkels, der Musik- und Medienkontext-Spezifika (und deren potentielle Interaktionen) gleichermaßen ber{\"u}cksichtigt. Um Hintergrundmusik als komplexem audiovisuellen Stimulus in empirischer Forschung gerecht zu werden, spielen zudem auch praktische Implikationen eine große Rolle. Diese Herausforderungen ber{\"u}cksichtigend wurde die Wirksamkeit von Hintergrundmusik in f{\"u}nf Studien im Kontext von drei verschiedenen Medienformaten untersucht. Da Werbung, Film und informationsvermittelnde Medienformate (wie Dokumentationen und TV-Magazine) die drei Kernfunktionen von Medien - Persuasion, Unterhaltung und Information - repr{\"a}sentieren, sollte auf Grundlage dieses Dreiklangs die Bandbreite potenzieller Wirkungen von effektiv eingesetzter Musik und von Faktoren, die ihre Wirkung beeinflussen, m{\"o}glichst umfassend (wenn auch sicher nicht vollst{\"a}ndig) abgebildet werden. {\"U}ber alle Medienformate hinweg kann als wichtiger, die Wirksamkeit von Hintergrundmusik verst{\"a}rkender Einflussfaktor eine Kongruenz, d.h. eine intuitiv wahrgenommene Passung von Musik und Medienkontext ausgemacht werden, die durch eine sorgf{\"a}ltige Abstimmung der Spezifika von Musik und Medienformat auf emotionaler, auf assoziativer und auf struktureller Ebene erreicht werden kann. Findet diese Anwendung, kann Musik systematisch die Wirksamkeit von Werbespots steigern (Studie 1 und 2), gezielt Bedeutung vermitteln und dadurch die Wahrnehmung und Interpretation von (deutungsoffenen) Filmszenen pr{\"a}gen (Studie 3 und 4) oder unter bestimmten Bedingungen das persuasive Potenzial eines informationsvermittelnden Medienformats steigern und so die Meinungsbildung der Rezipierenden (zumindest kurzfristig) beeinflussen (Studie 5). Die Arbeit verdeutlicht, wie mittels interdisziplin{\"a}rer Perspektivierung und der Beachtung praktischer Implikationen bereits etabliertes Wissen verstetigt und neue Erkenntnisse zur Verwendung und Wirkung von Hintergrundmusik f{\"u}r Wissenschaft und Medienpraxis abgeleitet werden k{\"o}nnen - inklusive eines Ausblicks auf daraus resultierende Potenziale f{\"u}r zuk{\"u}nftige Forschung.},
  subject      = {Background <Musik>},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Liang2021,
  author    = {Liang, Raimunde},
  title     = {Identification of new drug targets in adrenocortical carcinoma through targeted mRNA analysis},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-23554},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-235545},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Adrenocortical carcinomas (ACC) are aggressive tumors associated with a heterogeneous but generally poor prognosis and limited treatment options for advanced stages. Despite promising molecular insights and improved understanding of ACC biology, efficient targeted therapies have not been identified yet. Thus, this study aims to identify potential new drug targets for a future personalized therapeutic approach. RNA was isolated from 104 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor samples from ACC patients, 40 of those 104 cases proved to be suitable for further mRNA analyses according to the quality check of the extracted RNA. Gene expression of 84 known cancer drug targets was evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR using 5 normal adrenal glands as reference. Protein expression was investigated for selected candidate drug targets by immunohistochemistry in 104 ACC samples, 11 adenomas and 6 normal adrenal glands. Efficacy of an available inhibitor of the most promising candidate was tested by functional in vitro experiments in two ACC cell lines (NCI-H295R and MUC1) alone or in combination with other drugs. Most frequently overexpressed genes were TOP2A, IGF2, CDK1, CDK4, PLK4 and PLK1. Nuclear immunostaining of CDK1, CDK4 and PLK1 significantly correlated with the respective mRNA expression. CDK4 was chosen as the most promising candidate for functional validation as it is actionable by FDA-approved CDK4/6 inhibitors. ACC samples with copy number gains at CDK4 locus presented significantly higher CDK4 expression levels. The CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib showed a concentration- and time- dependent reduction of cell viability in vitro, which was more pronounced in NCI-H295R than in MUC1 cells. This was in line with higher CDK4 expression at western blot analysis in NCI-H295R cells. Furthermore, palbociclib was applied in combination with dual IGFR/IR inhibitor linsitinib showing a synergistic effect on reducing cell viability. In conclusion, this proof-of-principle study confirmed RNA profiling to be useful to discover potential drug targets. Detected drug targets are suitable to be investigated by immunohistochemistry in the clinical setting. Moreover, CDK4/6 inhibitors are promising candidates for treatment of a subset of patients with tumors presenting CDK4 copy number gains and/or overexpression, while linsitinib might be an interesting combination partner in patients with both IGF2 and IGF1R overexpression. These results are intended as a basis for a validation study in a prospective cohort, further evaluation in vivo in suitable mouse models or testing in patients with ACC in clinical trials are needed and might improve the future management of patients with ACC in terms of precision medicine.},
  subject      = {Adrenokortikales Karzinom},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Qureischi2021,
  author    = {Qureischi, Musga},
  title     = {Selective modulation of alloreactive T cells in preclinical models of acute Graft-versus-Host Disease},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-23603},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-236031},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is a curative therapy for the treatment of malignant and non-malignant bone marrow diseases. The major complication of this treatment is a highly inflammatory reaction called Graft-versus-Host Disease (GvHD). Here, transplanted donor T cells cause massive tissue destruction and inflammation in the main target organs liver, skin and the intestine. Currently, this inflammatory reaction can be treated successfully using strong immunosuppressive agents. One efficient group of immunosuppressants are calcineurin inhibitors such as Cyclosporin A (CsA) and Tacrolimus (FK506). These treatment strategies target all T lymphocytes subsets equally and do not separate GvH from the desirable Graft-versus-Leukemia (GvL) effect. Therefore, we aimed to find immunological targets on alloreactive T cells in order to develop novel treatment strategies, which selectively modulates alloreactive T cells without impairing the GvL effect or hematopoietic immune reconstitution. The aim of this thesis was to develop a predictive marker panel to track alloreactive T cells in the peripheral blood (PB) of murine allo-HCT recipients. In clinically relevant model of aGvHD we demonstrated that alloreactive T cells have a distinct surface marker expression profile and can be detected in the PB before aGvHD manifestation. Based on our data, we propose a combinatory panel consisting of 4 surface markers (a4b7 integrin, CD162E, CD162P und CD62L) on circulating CD8+ T cells to identify the risk of aGvHD after allo-HCT. Since tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily (TNFR SF) members are involved in several immunological processes, we did extensive surface marker expression analysis of several TNFR superfamily members and other immunomodulatory molecules on conventional and regulatory T cells (Tcons vs. Tregs) on different time points during aGvHD progression. The aim of this study was to find subset-specific immunomodulatory molecules on recently activated Tcons and Tregs. We found that GITR, 4-1BB and CD27 were highly expressed on alloreactive and na{\"i}ve Tregs. In contrast, PD1 expression was highly upregulated on recently activated alloreactive Tcons. The data of this study serves as basis for future approaches, which aim to develop T cell subset specific therapeutic antibody fusion proteins. a4b7 integrin and CD162P (P-Selectin ligand) are highly upregulated on alloreactive T cells and mediate the infiltration of these cells into GvHD target organs. We developed recombinant (antibody) fusion proteins to target these two homing molecules and could show that antibody-based fusion proteins are superior to ligand-based fusion proteins regarding production efficiency and binding affinity. Therefore, we propose for future studies to focus on the described antibody-based fusion proteins for the selective targeting of T cells. Since the widely used calcineurin inhibitors are impairing the desirable GvL effect, we investigated if selective NFATc1 inhibition might be a novel strategy to prevent or reduce alloreactivity, while hopefully maintaining the GvL effect. In particular, we addressed the role of the isoform NFATc1 and inhibited its posttranslational modification by SUMO (Small Ubiquitin-related Modifier). Indeed, inhibition of NFATc1 SUMOylation resulted in reduced inflammation and increased Treg frequencies in a murine MHC major mismatch aGvHD model. Conclusively, we showed that alloreactive T cells can be identified by their surface profile in the PB of allo-HCT recipients before aGvHD symptoms appeared. Furthermore, we introduced a approach to selectively target alloreactive T cells by antibody fusion proteins, which might serve as a novel strategy to separate GvH from GvL. Additionally, we demonstrated that averted posttranslational modification of NFATc1 by SUMOylation serves as potential target to reduce alloreactivity of T cells.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Mrestani2022,
  author    = {Mrestani, Achmed},
  title     = {Strukturelle Differenzierung und Plastizit{\"a}t pr{\"a}synaptischer Aktiver Zonen},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-23578},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-235787},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war die nanoskopische Analyse struktureller Differenzierung und Plastizit{\"a}t pr{\"a}synaptischer aktiver Zonen (AZs) an der NMJ von Drosophila melanogaster mittels hochaufl{\"o}sender, lichtmikroskopischer Bildgebung von Bruchpilot (Brp). In erster Linie wurde das lokalisationsmikroskopische Verfahren dSTORM angewendet. Es wurden neue Analyse-Algorithmen auf der Basis von HDBSCAN entwickelt, um eine objektive, in weiten Teilen automatisierte Quantifizierung bis auf Ebene der Substruktur der AZ zu erm{\"o}glichen. Die Differenzierung wurde am Beispiel phasischer und tonischer Synapsen, die an dieser NMJ durch Is- und Ib-Neurone gebildet werden, untersucht. Phasische Is-Synapsen mit hoher Freisetzungswahrscheinlichkeit zeigten kleinere, kompaktere AZs mit weniger Molek{\"u}len und h{\"o}herer molekularer Dichte mit ebenfalls kleineren, kompakteren Brp-Subclustern. Akute strukturelle Plastizit{\"a}t wurde am Beispiel pr{\"a}synaptischer Hom{\"o}ostase, bei der es zu einer kompensatorisch erh{\"o}hten Neurotransmitterfreisetzung kommt, analysiert. Interessanterweise zeigte sich hier ebenfalls eine kompaktere Konfiguration der AZ, die sich auch auf Ebene der Subcluster widerspiegelte, ohne Rekrutierung von Molek{\"u}len. Es konnte demonstriert werden, dass sich eine h{\"o}here Molek{\"u}ldichte in der Lokalisationsmikroskopie in eine h{\"o}here Intensit{\"a}t und gr{\"o}ßere Fl{\"a}che in der konfokalen Mikroskopie {\"u}bersetzt, und damit der Zusammenhang zu scheinbar gegens{\"a}tzlichen Vorbefunden hergestellt werden. Die Verdichtung bzw. Kompaktierung erscheint im Zusammenhang mit der Kopplungsdistanz zwischen VGCCs und pr{\"a}synaptischen Vesikeln als plausibles Muster der effizienten Anordnung molekularer Komponenten der AZ. Die hier eingef{\"u}hrten Analysewerkzeuge und molekularbiologischen Strategien, basierend auf dem CRISPR/Cas9-System, zur Markierung von AZ-Komponenten k{\"o}nnen zuk{\"u}nftig zur weiteren Kl{\"a}rung der Bedeutung der molekularen Verdichtung als allgemeines Konzept der AZ-Differenzierung beitragen.},
  subject      = {Synapse},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Balles2021,
  author    = {Balles, Andreas},
  title     = {In-line phase contrast and grating interferometry at a liquid-metal-jet source with micrometer resolution},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-23591},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-235917},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {As a non-destructive testing method, X-ray imaging has proved to be suitable for the examination of a variety of objects. The measurement principle is based on the attenuation of X-rays caused by these objects. This attenuation can be recorded as shades of intensity using X-ray detectors and thus contains information about the inner structure of the investigated object. Since X-rays are electromagnetic waves, they also experience a change of phase in addition to their attenuation while penetrating an object. In general, imaging methods based on this effect are referred to as phase contrast imaging techniques. In the laboratory, the two mainly used methods are the propagation based phase contrast or in-line phase contrast and the grating interferometry. While in-line phase contrast - under certain conditions - shows edge enhancement at interfaces due to interference, phase contrast in the grating interferometry is only indirectly measurable by the use of several gratings. In addition to phase contrast, grating interferometry provides access to the so-called dark-field imaging contrast, which measures the scattering of X-rays caused by an object. These two imaging techniques, together with a novel concept of laboratory X-ray sources, the liquid-metal-jet, form the main part of this work. Compared to conventional X-ray sources, the liquid-metal-jet source offers higher brightness. The term brightness is defined by the number of X-ray photons per second, emitting area (area of the X-ray spot) and solid angle at which they are emitted. On the basis of this source, a high resolution in-line phase contrast setup was partially developed in the scope of this work. Several computed tomographies show the feasibility of in-line phase contrast and the improvement of image quality by applying phase retrieval algorithms. Moreover, the determination of optimized sample positions for in-line phase contrast imaging is treated at which the edge enhancement is maximized. Based on primitive fiber objects, this optimization has proven to be a good approximation. With its high brightness in combination with a high spatial coherence, the liquid-metal-jet source is also interesting for grating interferometry. The development of such a setup is also part of this work. The overall concept and the characterization of the setup is presented as well as the applicability and its limits for the investigation of various objects. Due to the very unique concept of this grating interferometer it was possible to realize a modified interferometer system by using a single grating only. Its concept and results are also presented in this work. Furthermore, a grating interferometer based on a microfocus X-ray tube was tested regarding its performance. Thereby, parameters like the anode material, acquisition geometry and gratings were altered in order to find the advantages and disadvantages of each configuration.},
  subject      = {Phasenkontrastverfahren},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Paul2021,
  author    = {Paul, Rebecca Theodora},
  title     = {Subjektive Krankheitswahrnehmung, Therapieadh{\"a}renz und Zufriedenheit mit erhaltenen Informationen bei Patienten mit chronischer Nebenniereninsuffizienz - Zusammenhang mit der Teilnahme an einer standardisierten Patientenschulung},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-23552},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-235522},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Rezente Studien mit kleineren Fallzahlen offenbaren bei Patienten mit chronischer Nebenniereninsuffizienz eine sehr negative Krankheitswahrnehmung, große {\"A}ngste und Sorgen hinsichtlich der Substitutionstherapie mit Glucocorticoiden sowie eine geringe Therapieadh{\"a}renz. Ziel der vorliegenden Beobachtungsstudie war es daher im Rahmen einer monozentrischen Querschnittstudie nebenniereninsuffiziente Patienten zu Therapieadh{\"a}renz, subjektiver Krankheits- und Glucocorticoidwahrnehmung und Zufriedenheit mit erhaltenen Informationen zu befragen. Zudem wurden erstmalig die Zusammenh{\"a}nge zwischen der Teilnahme an einer standardisierten NNI-Schulung und oben genannten Aspekten im Rahmen einer multizentrischen L{\"a}ngschnittstudie untersucht. Die Ergebnisse der Querschnittstudie zeichnen insgesamt ein deutlich positiveres Bild von der subjektiven Krankheits- und Therapiewahrnehmung als bisher in der Literatur beschrieben. Die subjektive Therapieadh{\"a}renz war hoch. Zudem waren Sorgen und {\"A}ngste hinsichtlich der Glucocorticoid-Substitution geringer ausgepr{\"a}gt als erwartet. Nichtsdestotrotz ließ sich konkordant zu fr{\"u}heren Publikationen eine zum Teil sehr große Unzufriedenheit mit erhaltenen Informationen zu m{\"o}glichen Problemen der Glucocorticoid-Substitution feststellen. Die Ergebnisse der L{\"a}ngschnittstudie deuten darauf hin, dass die standardisierte Patientenschulung ein geeignetes Instrument sein k{\"o}nnte, um die Zufriedenheit von Patienten mit NNI zu steigern, das Selbstmanagement zu st{\"a}rken und gleichzeitig positiven Einfluss auf die Wahrnehmung der Substitutionstherapie nehmen k{\"o}nnte.},
  subject      = {Nebennierenrindeninsuffizienz},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{BergfeldDasariWerneretal.2017,
  author    = {Bergfeld, Arne and Dasari, Prasad and Werner, Sandra and Hughes, Timothy R. and Song, Wen-Chao and Hortschansky, Peter and Brakhage, Axel A. and H{\"u}nig, Thomas and Zipfel, Peter F. and Beyersdorf, Niklas},
  title     = {Direct binding of the pH-regulated Protein 1 (Pra1) from Candida albicans inhibits cytokine secretion by mouse CD4\(^{+}\) T cells},
  series = {Frontiers in Microbiology},
  volume    = {8},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Microbiology},
  number    = {844},
  doi       = {10.3389/fmicb.2017.00844},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-158274},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Opportunistic infections with the saprophytic yeast Candida albicans are a major cause of morbidity in immunocompromised patients. While the interaction of cells and molecules of innate immunity with C. albicans has been studied to great depth, comparatively little is known about the modulation of adaptive immunity by C. albicans. In particular, direct interaction of proteins secreted by C. albicans with CD4\(^{+}\) T cells has not been studied in detail. In a first screening approach, we identified the pH-regulated antigen 1 (Pra1) as a molecule capable of directly binding to mouse CD4\(^{+}\) T cells in vitro. Binding of Pra1 to the T cell surface was enhanced by extracellular Zn\(^{2+}\) ions which Pra1 is known to scavenge from the host in order to supply the fungus with Zn\(^{2+}\). In vitro stimulation assays using highly purified mouse CD4\(^{+}\) T cells showed that Pra1 increased proliferation of CD4\(^{+}\) T cells in the presence of plate-bound anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody. In contrast, secretion of effector cytokines such as IFNγ and TNF by CD4\(^{+}\) T cells upon anti-CD3/ anti-CD28 mAb as well as cognate antigen stimulation was reduced in the presence of Pra1. By secreting Pra1 C. albicans, thus, directly modulates and partially controls CD4\(^{+}\) T cell responses as shown in our in vitro assays.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Roth2021,
  author    = {Roth, Nicolas M{\´e}riadec Max Andr{\´e}},
  title     = {Temporal development of communities with a focus on insects, in time series of one to four decades},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-23549},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-235499},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Changes and development are fundamental principles in biocenoses and can affect a multitude of ecological processes. In insect communities phenological and density changes, changes in species richness and community composition, as well as interactions between those changes, are the most important macro processes. However, climate change and other factors like habitat degradation and loss alter these processes leading to shifts and general biodiversity declines. Even though knowledge about insect decline in central Europe increased during the last decades, there are significant knowledge gaps about the development of insect communities in certain habitats and taxa. For example, insect communities in small lentic as well as in forested habitats are under-sampled and reported to be less endangered than communities in other habitats. Furthermore, the changes within habitats and taxa are additionally influenced by certain traits, like host or feeding specialization. To disentangle these influences and to increase the knowledge about the general long-term development of insect communities, comprehensive long-term monitoring studies are needed. In addition, long-term effects of conservation strategies should also be evaluated on large time scales in order to be able to decide on a scientific base which strategies are effective in promoting possibly declining taxa. Hence, this thesis also tackles the effects of an integrative conservation strategy on wood dependent beetle and fungi, beside the development of water beetle and macro moth communities over multiple decades. In Chapter 2 I present a study on the development of water beetle communities (Dytiscidae, Haliplidae, Noteridae) in 33 water bodies in Southern Germany from 1991 to 2018. Time-standardized capture per waterbody was used during three periods: between 1991 and 1995, 2007 and 2008, and 2017 and 2018. Results showed annual declines in both species number (ca. -1\%) and abundance (ca. -2\%). In addition, community composition shifted over time in part due to changing pH values. Hence, the recorded changes during the 28-year study period partly reflect natural succession processes. However, since also moor-related beetle species decreased significantly, it is likely that water beetles in southern Germany are also threatened by non-successional factors, including desiccation, increased nitrogen input and/or mineralization, as well as the loss of specific habitats. The results suggest, that in small to midsize lentic waterbodies, current development should aim for constant creation of new water bodies and protection of moor waterbodies in order to protect water beetle communities on a landscape scale. In Chapter 3 I present an analysis of the development of nocturnal macro moth species richness, abundance and biomass over four decades in forests of southern Germany. Two local scale data sets featuring a coppiced oak forest as well as an oak high forest were analysed separately from a regional data set representing all forest types in the temperate zone of Central Europe. At the regional scale species richness, abundance and biomass showed annual declines of ca. 1 \%, 1.3 \% and 1.4 \%, respectively. These declines were more pronounced in plant host specialists and in dark coloured species. In contrast, species richness increased by ca. 1.5 \% annually in the coppiced forest, while no significant trends were found in the high forest. In contrast to past assumptions, insect decline apparently affects also hyper diverse insect groups in forests. Since host specialists and dark coloured species were affected more heavily by the decline than other groups, habitat loss and climate change seem to be potential drivers of the observed trends. However, the positive development of species richness in the coppiced oak forest indicates that maintaining complex and diverse forest ecosystems through active management might compensate for negative trends in biodiversity. Chapter 4 features a study specifically aiming to investigate the long-term effect of deadwood enrichment as an integrative conservation strategy on saproxylic beetles and fungi in a central European beech forest at a landscape scale. A before-after control-impact design, was used to compare assemblages and gamma diversities of saproxylic organisms (beetles and fungi) in strictly protected old-growth forest areas (reserves) and previously moderately and intensively managed forest areas. Forests were sampled one year before and a decade after starting a landscape-wide strategy of dead-wood enrichment. Ten years after the start of the dead-wood enrichment, neither gamma diversities of saproxylic organisms nor species composition of beetles did reflect the previous management types anymore. However, fungal species composition still mirrored the previous management gradient. The results demonstrated that intentional enrichment of dead wood at the landscape scale can effectively restore communities of saproxylic organisms and may thus be a suitable strategy in addition to permanent strict reserves in order to protect wood dependent organisms in Europe. In this thesis I showed, that in contrast to what was assumed and partly reported so far, also water beetles in lentic water bodies and macro moths in forests decreased in species richness, abundance and biomass during the last three to four decades. In line with earlier studies, especially dark coloured species and specialists decreased more than light-coloured species and generalists. The reasons for these declines could partly be attributed to natural processes and pollution and possibly to climate change. However, further studies, especially experimental ones, will be needed to achieve a better understanding of the reasons for insect decline. Furthermore, analyses of time series data should be interpreted cautiously especially if the number of sampling years is smaller than ten years. In addition, validation techniques such as left- and right- censoring and cross validation should be used in order to proof the robustness of the analyses. However, the lack of knowledge, we are still facing today, should not prevent scientists and practitioners from applying conservation measures. In order to prove the effectiveness of such measures, long-term monitoring is crucial. Such control of success is essential for evidence based and thus adapted conservation strategies of threatened organisms.},
  subject      = {climate change},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Graeb2021,
  author    = {Gr{\"a}b, Patrick},
  title     = {Physikalisch-chemische Methoden und Experimente f{\"u}r Unterricht und Lehramtsstudium},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-24763},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-247636},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Die Lehre von physikalisch-chemischen Inhalten in der universit{\"a}ren Lehramtsausbildung und im gymnasialen Chemieunterricht ist herausfordernd. M{\"o}gliche Ursachen hierf{\"u}r sind das teils hohe Abstraktionsniveau und fehlende Messger{\"a}te. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurden kosteng{\"u}nstige Messger{\"a}te entwickelt, mit denen Lernende in typische physikochemische Methoden und deren Anwendungen experimentell eingef{\"u}hrt werden k{\"o}nnen. Durch offen gestaltete und kontextbezogene Experimente zu Themenfeldern der Spektroskopie, Thermodynamik und Kinetik sollen Lernende einen ph{\"a}nomenologischen Zugang zur physikalischen Chemie finden. Durch eine entsprechende didaktische und experimentelle Aufarbeitung der Konzepte sollen insbesondere Sch{\"u}lerinnen und Sch{\"u}ler ohne gr{\"o}ßeres Vorwissen f{\"u}r physikalisch-chemische Inhalte im Sinne eines modernen und experimentell orientierten Chemieunterrichts begeistert werden.},
  subject      = {Hochschule},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Venturini2021,
  author    = {Venturini, Elisa},
  title     = {Small proteins in \(Salmonella\): an updated annotation and a global analysis to find new regulators of virulence},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-24702},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-247029},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Small proteins, often defined as shorter than 50 amino acids, have been implicated in fundamental cellular processes. Despite this, they have been largely understudied throughout all domains of life, since their size often makes their identification and characterization challenging. This work addressed the knowledge gap surrounding small proteins with a focus on the model bacterial pathogen Salmonella Typhimurium. In a first step, new small proteins were identified with a combination of computational and experimental approaches. Infection-relevant datasets were then investigated with the updated Salmonella annotation to prioritize promising candidates involved in virulence. To implement the annotation of new small proteins, predictions from the algorithm sPepFinder were merged with those derived from Ribo-seq. These were added to the Salmonella annotation and used to (re)analyse different datasets. Information regarding expression during infection (dual RNA-seq) and requirement for virulence (TraDIS) was collected for each given coding sequence. In parallel, Grad-seq data were mined to identify small proteins engaged in intermolecular interactions. The combination of dual RNA-seq and TraDIS lead to the identification of small proteins with features of virulence factors, namely high intracellular induction and a virulence phenotype upon transposon insertion. As a proof of principle of the power of this approach in highlighting high confidence candidates, two small proteins were characterized in the context of Salmonella infection. MgrB, a known regulator of the PhoPQ two-component system, was shown to be essential for the infection of epithelial cells and macrophages, possibly via its stabilizing effect on flagella or by interacting with other sensor kinases of twocomponent systems. YjiS, so far uncharacterized in Salmonella, had an opposite role in infection, with its deletion rendering Salmonella hypervirulent. The mechanism underlying this, though still obscure, likely relies on the interaction with inner-membrane proteins. Overall, this work provides a global description of Salmonella small proteins in the context of infection with a combinatorial approach that expedites the identification of interesting candidates. Different high-throughput datasets available for a broad range of organisms can be analysed in a similar manner with a focus on small proteins. This will lead to the identification of key factors in the regulation of various processes, thus for example providing targets for the treatment of bacterial infections or, in the case of commensal bacteria, for the modulation of the microbiota composition.},
  subject      = {Salmonella Typhimurium},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Hrynevich2021,
  author    = {Hrynevich, Andrei},
  title     = {Enhancement of geometric complexity and predictability of melt electrowriting for biomedical applications},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-24764},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-247642},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {This thesis encompasses the development of the additive manufacturing technology melt electrowriting, in order to achieve the improved applicability in biomedical applications and design of scaffolds. Melt electrowriting is a process capable of producing highly resolved structures from microscale fibres. Nevertheless, there are parameters influencing the process and it has not been clear how they affect the printing result. In this thesis the influence of the processing and environmental parameters is investigated with the impact on their effect on the jet speed, fibre diameter and scaffold morphology, which has not been reported in the literature to date and significantly influences the printing quality. It was demonstrated that at higher ambient printing temperatures the fibres can be hampered to the extent that the individual fibres are completely molten together and increased air humidity intensifies this effect. It was also shown how such parameters as applied voltage, collector distance, feed pressure and polymer temperature influence the fibre diameter and critical translation speed. Based on these results, a detailed investigation of the fibre diameter control and printing of scaffolds with novel architectures was made. As an example, a 20-fold diameter ratio is obtained within one scaffold by changing the collector speed and the feed pressure during the printing process. Although the pressure change caused fibre diameter oscillations, different diameter fibres were successfully integrated into two scaffold designs, which were tested for mesenchymal stromal cell suspension and adipose tissue spheroid seeding. Further design and manufacturing aspects are discussed while jet attraction to the printed structures is illuminated in connection with the fibre positioning control of the multilayer scaffolds. The artefacts that appear with the increasing scaffold height of sinusoidal laydown patterns are counteracted by layer-by-layer path adjustment. For the prediction of a printing error of the first deposited layer, an algorithm is developed, that utilizes an empirical jet lag equation and the speed of fibre deposition. This model was able to predict the position of the printing fibre with up to ten times smaller error than the of the programmed path. The same model allows to qualitatively assess the fibre diameter change along the nonlinear pattern as well as to indicate the areas of the greatest pattern deformation with the growing scaffold height. Those results will be used in the later chapters for printing of the novel MEW structures for biomedical applications. In the final chapter the concept of multimodal scaffold was combined with the suspended fibre printing, for the manufacturing of the MEW scaffolds with controlled pore interconnectivity in three dimensions. Those scaffolds were proven to be a promising substate for the control of the neurite spreading of the chick DRG neurons.},
  subject      = {Elektrospinnen},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Solger2021,
  author    = {Solger, Franziska},
  title     = {Central role of sphingolipids on the intracellular survival of \(Neisseria\) \(gonorrhoeae\) in epithelial cells},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-24753},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-247534},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Neisseria gonorrhoeae are Gram-negative bacteria with diplococcal shape. As an obligate human pathogen, it is the causative agent of gonorrhoea, a sexually transmitted disease. Gonococci colonize a variety of mucosal tissues, mainly the urogenital tract in men and women. Occasionally N. gonorrhoeae invades the bloodstream, leading to disseminated gonococcal infection. These bacteria possess a repertoire of virulence factors, which expression patterns can be adapted to the environmental conditions of the host. Through the accumulation of antibiotic resistances and in absence of vaccines, some neisserial strains have the potential to spread globally and represent a major public health threat. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the exact molecular mechanisms underlying the successful infection and progression of gonococci within their host. This deeper understanding of neisserial infection and survival mechanisms is needed for the development of new therapeutic agents. In this work, the role of host-cell sphingolipids on the intracellular survival of N. gonorrhoeae was investigated. It was shown that different classes of sphingolipids strongly interact with invasive gonococci in epithelial cells. Therefore, novel and highly specific clickable sphingolipid analogues were applied to study these interactions with this pathogen. The formation of intra- and extracellular sphingosine vesicles, which were able to target gonococci, was observed. This direct interaction led to the uptake and incorporation of sphingosine into the neisserial membrane. Together with in vitro results, sphingosine was identified as a potential bactericidal reagent as part of the host cell defence. By using different classes of sphingolipids and their clickable analogues, essential structural features, which seem to trigger the bacterial uptake, were detected. Furthermore, effects of key enzymes of the sphingolipid signalling pathway were tested in a neutrophil infection model. In conclusion, the combination of click chemistry and infection biology made it possible to shed some light on the dynamic interplay between cellular sphingosine and N. gonorrhoeae. Thereby, a possible "catch-and-kill" mechanism could have been observed.},
  subject      = {Neisseria gonorrhoeae},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Suess2021,
  author    = {S{\"u}ß, Jasmin},
  title     = {Theoretische Untersuchungen an molekularen Aggregaten: 2D-Spektroskopie und Exzitonendynamik},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-24713},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-247136},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Diese Dissertation besch{\"a}ftigt sich mit der Exzitonendynamik molekularer Aggregate, die nach Mehrphotonen-Anregung auf ultrakurzer Zeitskala stattfindet. Hierbei liegt der Fokus auf der Charakterisierung der Exziton-Exziton-Annihilierung (EEA) mithilfe von zweidimensionaler optischer Spektroskopie f{\"u}nfter Ordnung. Dazu werden zwei verschiedene Modellsysteme implementiert: Das elektronische Homodimer und das elektronische Homotrimer-Modell, wobei Letzteres eine Erweiterung des Dimer-Modells darstellt. Die Kopplung des quantenmechanischen Systems an die Umgebung wird mithilfe des Quantum-Jump-Ansatzes umgesetzt. Besonderes Interesse kommt der Analyse des Signals f{\"u}nfter Ordnung in Abh{\"a}ngigkeit der Populationszeit T zu. Anhand des Dimer-Modells als kleinstm{\"o}gliches Aggregat lassen sich bereits gute Vorhersagen auch {\"u}ber das Verhalten gr{\"o}ßerer molekularer Aggregate treffen. Der Zerfall des oszillierenden Signals f{\"u}r lange Populationszeiten korreliert mit der EEA. Dies zeigt, dass die zweidimensionale optische Spektroskopie genutzt werden kann, um den Annihilierungsprozess zu charakterisieren. Innerhalb des Modells des Dimers wird weiterhin der Einfluss der Intraband-Relaxation untersucht. Zunehmende Intraband-Relaxation verhindert den Austausch zwischen den lokalen Zust{\"a}nden, der essentiell f{\"u}r den Annihilierungsprozess ist, und die EEA wird blockiert. Das elektronische Trimer-Modell erweitert das Dimer-Modell um eine Monomereinheit. Somit befinden sich die Exzitonen im Anschluss an die Anregung nicht mehr unvermeidlich nebeneinander. Es gibt somit eine Konfiguration, bei der sich die Exzitonen zun{\"a}chst zueinander bewegen m{\"u}ssen, bevor die Startbedingung des Annihilierungsprozesses gegeben ist. Dieser zus{\"a}tzliche Schritt wird auch Exzitonendiffusion genannt. Die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit legen nahe, dass das erwartete Verhalten nur zu sehr kurzen Zeiten im Femtosekundenbereich auftritt und somit die Zeitskala der Exzitonendiffusion im Falle des Trimers nicht sichtbar wird. Es bedarf demnach eines gr{\"o}ßeren Modellsystems, bei dem sich der Effekt der zeitverz{\"o}gert eintretenden EEA deutlich in der Zerfallsdynamik manifestieren kann.},
  subject      = {Molekulardynamik},
  language  = {de}
}
@misc{Neidinger2020,
  author    = {Neidinger, Rico},
  title     = {Europa- und verfassungsrechtliche Rahmenbedingungen der Netzneutralit{\"a}t},
  issn      = {2199-790X},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-19829},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-198293},
  pages     = {53},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Die Dynamik technischer Entwicklungen ist mannigfaltig und stellt das Recht vor immer neue Herausforderungen. Neben der rechtlichen Einhegung neuer M{\"o}glichkeiten m{\"u}ssen h{\"a}ufig grundlegende Wertentscheidungen getroffen werden. Dies betrifft auch die Funktionsweise des Internets. Urspr{\"u}nglich gew{\"a}hrleistet das „Best-Effort-Prinzip" eine gleichm{\"a}ßige Behandlung des Datenverkehrs im Netz. Neue technische Entwicklungen er{\"o}ffnen Internetzugangsanbietern nun M{\"o}glichkeiten zur Beeinflussung der Daten{\"u}bertragung. Durch diese Entwicklung ist das Thema Netzneutralit{\"a}t in den rechtswissenschaftlichen Fokus ger{\"u}ckt und der Ruf nach Regulierung laut geworden. Mit der Aufgabe des „Best-Effort-Prinzips" wurde nicht weniger als der Untergang des „Internet-Abendlandes" prophezeit. Die den Internetzugangsanbietern m{\"o}gliche Beeinflussung der Meinungsfreiheit der Internetnutzer beschworen einige als ernsthafte Gefahr f{\"u}r die Demokratie. Zugleich pochten die Internetprovider auf ihre unternehmerischen Freiheiten und priesen die neuen Innovationen, welche mit den technischen M{\"o}glichkeiten einhergingen. Nach einer intensiven Diskussion einigte sich der europ{\"a}ische Gesetzgeber mit der Verordnung (EU) 2015/2120 {\"u}ber Maßnahmen zum Zugang zum offenen Internet auf eine Regelung zu diesem Thema, ohne freilich das Wort Netzneutralit{\"a}t zu verwenden. Die offene Formulierung der EUNNVO st{\"o}ßt in der rechtswissenschaftlichen Literatur auf Kritik. Zu unbestimmt seien die Anforderungen, die die Verordnung - gerade mit Blick auf den grundrechtssensiblen Bereich - aufstellt. Tats{\"a}chlich sind die europa- und verfassungsrechtlichen Anforderungen an eine solche Regelung weit weniger eindeutig als erwartet. Grundrechte, Grundfreiheiten, Anforderungen an die Wirtschaftsverfassung schaffen, zumal in Kombination mit den Herausforderungen des Mehrebenensystems, eine komplexe rechtliche Ausgangslage.},
  subject      = {Netzneutralit{\"a}t},
  language  = {de}
}
@techreport{MuellerBrandeckBocquetPietzkoZuern2018,
  type      = {Working Paper},
  author    = {M{\"u}ller-Brandeck-Bocquet, Gisela and Pietzko, Manuel and Z{\"u}rn, Anja},
  title     = {Die Zukunft der Europ{\"a}ischen Union: Potenziale besser nutzen},
  series = {W{\"u}rzburger Jean-Monnet-Papers},
  journal   = {W{\"u}rzburger Jean-Monnet-Papers},
  edition   = {1. Auflage},
  issn      = {2625-6193},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-16559},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-165590},
  pages     = {30},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Die EU als ein Integrationsprojekt sui generis mit ihrem trans- bzw. postnationalen Ver-st{\"a}ndnis von Souver{\"a}nit{\"a}t und Staatlichkeit ist Garantin f{\"u}r den Frieden, f{\"u}r die Schaf-fung und den Erhalt von Wohlstand in Europa. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus ist sie zu einer wichti-gen Akteurin in den internationalen Beziehungen geworden, die die Weltordnung im Geiste von Multilateralit{\"a}t und Multipolarit{\"a}t mitgestaltet. Zahlreiche interne Krisen haben die EU im letzten Jahrzehnt jedoch sp{\"u}rbar belastet und mehrere interne Spannungen oder gar Bruchlinien sichtbar werden lassen, die ihre Handlungsf{\"a}higkeit in Frage stellten. Der internationale Kontext mit neuen Sicher-heitsgef{\"a}hrdungen, der neue, sich im Slogan „America First" ausdr{\"u}ckende US-Unilateralismus sowie der anstehende Brexit zwingen die EU nun, ihre zahlreichen Po-tenziale besser auszunutzen und einzusetzen. Als Potenzialthemen der EU identifiziert vorliegender Beitrag: (1) die Vertiefung und Intensivierung der Gemeinsamen Außen-, Sicherheit-, und Verteidigungspolitik, (2) die EU-Klimapolitik und die {\"U}bernahme einer Vorreiterrolle sowie (3) die Zusammenarbeit mit aufstrebenden M{\"a}chten/emerging powers. Das erste W{\"u}rzburger Jean-Monnet-Paper leuchtet die drei Potenzialthemen aus und fragt insbesondere nach den erforderlichen Weichenstellungen, um sie in Zukunft bes-ser nutzen zu k{\"o}nnen.},
  subject      = {Europ{\"a}ische Union},
  language  = {de}
}
@misc{Zentgraf2019,
  author    = {Zentgraf, Patricia},
  title     = {Die Entwicklung des Umwelt-Rechtsbehelfsgesetzes unter dem Einfluss des Europarechts},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-17793},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-177936},
  pages     = {55},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {Als „ewiger Patient" des deutschen Gesetzgebers steht die Umweltverbandsklage seit {\"u}ber vierzig Jahren in der rechtswissenschaftlichen Diskussion. Neuen Schwung erlangte die Debatte durch die v{\"o}lkerrechtlichen Vorgaben der im Jahr 1998 beschlossenen Aarhus-Konvention sowie deren unionsrechtliche Umsetzung in der {\"O}ffentlichkeitsbeteiligungsrichtlinie (RL 2003/35/EG). F{\"u}r den deutschen Gesetzgeber entstand dadurch erheblicher Anpassungsbedarf des nationalen Rechts, dem er zuerst im Jahr 2006 mit dem Erlass des Umwelt-Rechtsbehelfsgesetzes (UmwRG) nachkam. Dieses warf allerdings von Beginn an Fragen im Hinblick auf die Beachtung der v{\"o}lker- und unionsrechtlichen Vorgaben auf und wurde schließlich im Jahr 2011 vom EuGH f{\"u}r partiell unionswidrig erkl{\"a}rt. Der deutsche Gesetzgeber hat daraufhin mehrere Novellierungsversuche unternommen, die alle nicht frei von Kritik blieben. Daher folgten wenig {\"u}berraschend im Jahr 2013 sowie 2015 erneute R{\"u}gen durch den EuGH. Im April 2016 startete der Gesetzgeber schließlich einen erneuten Vorstoß zur Schaffung eines v{\"o}lker- und unionsrechtskonformen UmwRG, welcher in die bislang umfassendste und grundlegendste Novelle des UmwRG vom 02.06.2017 m{\"u}ndete.},
  subject      = {Europarecht},
  language  = {de}
}
@techreport{Greubel2018,
  type      = {Working Paper},
  author    = {Greubel, Johannes},
  title     = {Towards a Profound European Asylum System? On EU Governance during the Refugee Crisis},
  edition   = {1. Auflage},
  issn      = {2625-6193},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-16879},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-168797},
  pages     = {43},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {The refugee crisis has developed as one of the major challenges for EU governance in recent years. From 2013 onwards, the crisis determined the political agenda and public discourse within European politics. During that time, the numbers of asylum seekers reaching Europe increased dramatically, with more than one million people applying for asylum at the crisis peak in 2015. This paper deals with the efforts taken by the EU and its member states to mitigate and overcome the refugee crisis. How exactly has the EU reacted to the refugee crisis and how and to what extend have the EU and its governance changed throughout the crisis? These research questions are approached through a reconstructive analysis of the whole period of crisis. This approach provides for a comprehensive examination of the refugee crisis that includes all issues, measures and processes of the EU's policy reaction at the same time. It will be argued that due to severe shortcomings of the Dublin regulation and the Common European Asylum System, a crisis in the EU's refugee policy was already predestined. This was the case from 2013 onwards. The EU approached the crisis in three stages - neglect and non-solidarity leading to unilateral approaches by affected states, supranational short-term emergency measures during the peak of crisis and enhanced cooperation with third countries, especially with Turkey, the Western Balkans states and African states - until the crisis lost traction in 2017. Yet, the asylum system's shortcomings are still not eliminated as the lasting measures of the EU's crisis management between 2013 and 2018 mainly focused on border security and externalisation. EU governance changed towards more intergovernmental, informal and regional action. Further, the crisis led to serious rows between member states, leading to the fragmentation of the EU into two blocs. With decreasing numbers of asylum seeker in the last few years, what remains is an incomplete asylum system and a political crisis among member states.},
  subject      = {Europ{\"a}ische Union},
  language  = {en}
}
@unpublished{TitovHumeniukMitric2020,
  author    = {Titov, Evgenii and Humeniuk, Alexander and Mitric, Roland},
  title     = {Comparison of moving and fixed basis sets for nonadiabatic quantum dynamics at conical intersections},
  series = {Chemical Physics},
  journal   = {Chemical Physics},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-198699},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {We assess the performance of two different types of basis sets for nonadiabatic quantum dynamics at conical intersections. The basis sets of both types are generated using Ehrenfest trajectories of nuclear coherent states. These trajectories can either serve as a moving (time-dependent) basis or be employed to sample a fixed (time-independent) basis. We demonstrate on the example of two-state two-dimensional and three-state five-dimensional models that both basis set types can yield highly accurate results for population transfer at intersections, as compared with reference quantum dynamics. The details of wave packet evolutions are discussed for the case of the two-dimensional model. The fixed basis is found to be superior to the moving one in reproducing true nonlocal spreading and maintaining correct shape of the wave packet upon time evolution. Moreover, for the models considered, the fixed basis set outperforms the moving one in terms of computational efficiency.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{VogelGossnerMergneretal.2020,
  author    = {Vogel, Sebastian and Gossner, Martin M. and Mergner, Ulrich and M{\"u}ller, J{\"o}rg and Thorn, Simon},
  title     = {Optimizing enrichment of deadwood for biodiversity by varying sun exposure and tree species: An experimental approach},
  series = {Journal of Applied Ecology},
  volume    = {57},
  journal   = {Journal of Applied Ecology},
  number    = {10},
  doi       = {10.1111/1365-2664.13648},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-214614},
  pages     = {2075 -- 2085},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {The enrichment of deadwood is essential for the conservation of saproxylic biodiversity in managed forests. However, existing strategies focus on a cost-intensive increase of deadwood amount, while largely neglecting increasing deadwood diversity. Deadwood objects, that is logs and branches, from six tree species were experimentally sun exposed, canopy shaded and artificially shaded for 4 years, after which the alpha-, beta- and gamma-diversity of saproxylic beetles, wood-inhabiting fungi and spiders were analysed. Analyses of beta-diversity included the spatial distance between exposed deadwood objects. A random-drawing procedure was used to identify the combination of tree species and sun exposure that yielded the highest gamma-diversity at a minimum of exposed deadwood amount. In sun-exposed plots, species numbers in logs were higher than in shaded plots for all taxa, while in branches we observed the opposite for saproxylic beetles. Tree species affected the species numbers only of saproxylic beetles and wood-inhabiting fungi. The beta-diversity of saproxylic beetles and wood-inhabiting fungi among logs was influenced by sun exposure and tree species, but beta-diversity of spiders by sun exposure only. For all saproxylic taxa recorded in logs, differences between communities increased with increasing spatial distance. A combination of canopy-shaded Carpinus logs and sun-exposed Populus logs resulted in the highest species numbers of all investigated saproxylic taxa among all possible combinations of tree species and sun-exposure treatments. Synthesis and applications. We recommend incorporating the enrichment of different tree species and particularly the variation in sun exposure into existing strategies of deadwood enrichment. Based on the results of our study, we suggest to combine the logs of softwood broadleaf tree species (e.g. Carpinus, Populus), hardwood broadleaf tree species (e.g. Quercus) and coniferous tree species (e.g. Pinus) under different conditions of sun exposure and distribute them spatially in a landscape to maximize the beneficial effects on overall diversity.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{RoedingBrixner2018,
  author    = {Roeding, Sebastian and Brixner, Tobias},
  title     = {Coherent two-dimensional electronic mass spectrometry},
  series = {Nature Communications},
  volume    = {9},
  journal   = {Nature Communications},
  number    = {2519},
  doi       = {10.1038/s41467-018-04927-w},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-226458},
  pages     = {1-9},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Coherent two-dimensional (2D) optical spectroscopy has revolutionized our ability to probe many types of couplings and ultrafast dynamics in complex quantum systems. The dynamics and function of any quantum system strongly depend on couplings to the environment. Thus, studying coherent interactions for different environments remains a topic of tremendous interest. Here we introduce coherent 2D electronic mass spectrometry that allows 2D measurements on effusive molecular beams and thus on quantum systems with minimum system-bath interaction and employ this to identify the major ionization pathway of 3d Rydberg states in NO2. Furthermore, we present 2D spectra of multiphoton ionization, disclosing distinct differences in the nonlinear response functions leading to the ionization products. We also realize the equivalent of spectrally resolved transient-absorption measurements without the necessity for acquiring weak absorption changes. Using time-of-flight detection introduces cations as an observable, enabling the 2D spectroscopic study on isolated systems of photophysical and photochemical reactions.},
  language  = {en}
}
@techreport{Fuchs2018,
  type      = {Working Paper},
  author    = {Fuchs, Florian},
  title     = {„Disney Dreams!" - Eine Abendshow im Spannungsfeld von Masse, Gemeinschaft, Emotionen und Religion},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-159931},
  pages     = {20},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Der Text besch{\"a}ftigt sich mit der Abendshow des Disneyland Paris "Disney Dreams!" aus den Perspektiven Masse, Gemeinschaft, Religion und Emotionen. Es wird versucht, diese popkulturelle Show soziologisch und theologisch zu erschließen.},
  subject      = {Theologie},
  language  = {de}
}
@techreport{Fuchs2018,
  type      = {Working Paper},
  author    = {Fuchs, Florian},
  title     = {"Disney Dreams!" - A Nighttime Spectacular in the Tension Field of Crowds, Communion, Emotion, and Religion},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-159949},
  pages     = {19},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {The text deals with the nighttime spectacular of Disneyland Paris´ "Disney Dreams!" from the perspectives of mass, community, religion and emotions. It tries to open up this pop cultural show sociologically and theologically.},
  subject      = {Soziologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{Schroeder2020,
  author    = {Schr{\"o}der, Lina},
  title     = {Schmied, Doris/W{\"u}stenrot Stiftung (Hrsg.): Große D{\"o}rfer - Kleine St{\"a}dte (RURAL, Bd. 9), 148 S., Cuvillier, G{\"o}ttingen 2018},
  series = {Neue Politische Literatur},
  volume    = {65},
  journal   = {Neue Politische Literatur},
  issn      = {0028-3320},
  doi       = {10.1007/s42520-020-00316-0},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-234913},
  pages     = {535-537},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Keine Zusammenfassung vorhanden.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{KernKullmannGanaletal.2021,
  author    = {Kern, Florian and Kullmann, Peter and Ganal, Elisabeth and Korwisi, Kristof and Stingl, Ren{\´e} and Niebling, Florian and Latoschik, Marc Erich},
  title     = {Off-The-Shelf Stylus: Using XR Devices for Handwriting and Sketching on Physically Aligned Virtual Surfaces},
  series = {Frontiers in Virtual Reality},
  volume    = {2},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Virtual Reality},
  doi       = {10.3389/frvir.2021.684498},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-260219},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {This article introduces the Off-The-Shelf Stylus (OTSS), a framework for 2D interaction (in 3D) as well as for handwriting and sketching with digital pen, ink, and paper on physically aligned virtual surfaces in Virtual, Augmented, and Mixed Reality (VR, AR, MR: XR for short). OTSS supports self-made XR styluses based on consumer-grade six-degrees-of-freedom XR controllers and commercially available styluses. The framework provides separate modules for three basic but vital features: 1) The stylus module provides stylus construction and calibration features. 2) The surface module provides surface calibration and visual feedback features for virtual-physical 2D surface alignment using our so-called 3ViSuAl procedure, and surface interaction features. 3) The evaluation suite provides a comprehensive test bed combining technical measurements for precision, accuracy, and latency with extensive usability evaluations including handwriting and sketching tasks based on established visuomotor, graphomotor, and handwriting research. The framework's development is accompanied by an extensive open source reference implementation targeting the Unity game engine using an Oculus Rift S headset and Oculus Touch controllers. The development compares three low-cost and low-tech options to equip controllers with a tip and includes a web browser-based surface providing support for interacting, handwriting, and sketching. The evaluation of the reference implementation based on the OTSS framework identified an average stylus precision of 0.98 mm (SD = 0.54 mm) and an average surface accuracy of 0.60 mm (SD = 0.32 mm) in a seated VR environment. The time for displaying the stylus movement as digital ink on the web browser surface in VR was 79.40 ms on average (SD = 23.26 ms), including the physical controller's motion-to-photon latency visualized by its virtual representation (M = 42.57 ms, SD = 15.70 ms). The usability evaluation (N = 10) revealed a low task load, high usability, and high user experience. Participants successfully reproduced given shapes and created legible handwriting, indicating that the OTSS and it's reference implementation is ready for everyday use. We provide source code access to our implementation, including stylus and surface calibration and surface interaction features, making it easy to reuse, extend, adapt and/or replicate previous results (https://go.uniwue.de/hci-otss).},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BartlWenningerWolfetal.2021,
  author    = {Bartl, Andrea and Wenninger, Stephan and Wolf, Erik and Botsch, Mario and Latoschik, Marc Erich},
  title     = {Affordable but not cheap: a case study of the effects of two 3D-reconstruction methods of virtual humans},
  series = {Frontiers in Virtual Reality},
  volume    = {2},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Virtual Reality},
  doi       = {10.3389/frvir.2021.694617},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-260492},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Realistic and lifelike 3D-reconstruction of virtual humans has various exciting and important use cases. Our and others' appearances have notable effects on ourselves and our interaction partners in virtual environments, e.g., on acceptance, preference, trust, believability, behavior (the Proteus effect), and more. Today, multiple approaches for the 3D-reconstruction of virtual humans exist. They significantly vary in terms of the degree of achievable realism, the technical complexities, and finally, the overall reconstruction costs involved. This article compares two 3D-reconstruction approaches with very different hardware requirements. The high-cost solution uses a typical complex and elaborated camera rig consisting of 94 digital single-lens reflex (DSLR) cameras. The recently developed low-cost solution uses a smartphone camera to create videos that capture multiple views of a person. Both methods use photogrammetric reconstruction and template fitting with the same template model and differ in their adaptation to the method-specific input material. Each method generates high-quality virtual humans ready to be processed, animated, and rendered by standard XR simulation and game engines such as Unreal or Unity. We compare the results of the two 3D-reconstruction methods in an immersive virtual environment against each other in a user study. Our results indicate that the virtual humans from the low-cost approach are perceived similarly to those from the high-cost approach regarding the perceived similarity to the original, human-likeness, beauty, and uncanniness, despite significant differences in the objectively measured quality. The perceived feeling of change of the own body was higher for the low-cost virtual humans. Quality differences were perceived more strongly for one's own body than for other virtual humans.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WienrichLatoschik2021,
  author    = {Wienrich, Carolin and Latoschik, Marc Erich},
  title     = {eXtended Artificial Intelligence: New Prospects of Human-AI Interaction Research},
  series = {Frontiers in Virtual Reality},
  volume    = {2},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Virtual Reality},
  doi       = {10.3389/frvir.2021.686783},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-260296},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Artificial Intelligence (AI) covers a broad spectrum of computational problems and use cases. Many of those implicate profound and sometimes intricate questions of how humans interact or should interact with AIs. Moreover, many users or future users do have abstract ideas of what AI is, significantly depending on the specific embodiment of AI applications. Human-centered-design approaches would suggest evaluating the impact of different embodiments on human perception of and interaction with AI. An approach that is difficult to realize due to the sheer complexity of application fields and embodiments in reality. However, here XR opens new possibilities to research human-AI interactions. The article's contribution is twofold: First, it provides a theoretical treatment and model of human-AI interaction based on an XR-AI continuum as a framework for and a perspective of different approaches of XR-AI combinations. It motivates XR-AI combinations as a method to learn about the effects of prospective human-AI interfaces and shows why the combination of XR and AI fruitfully contributes to a valid and systematic investigation of human-AI interactions and interfaces. Second, the article provides two exemplary experiments investigating the aforementioned approach for two distinct AI-systems. The first experiment reveals an interesting gender effect in human-robot interaction, while the second experiment reveals an Eliza effect of a recommender system. Here the article introduces two paradigmatic implementations of the proposed XR testbed for human-AI interactions and interfaces and shows how a valid and systematic investigation can be conducted. In sum, the article opens new perspectives on how XR benefits human-centered AI design and development.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WienrichCarolus2021,
  author    = {Wienrich, Carolin and Carolus, Astrid},
  title     = {Development of an Instrument to Measure Conceptualizations and Competencies About Conversational Agents on the Example of Smart Speakers},
  series = {Frontiers in Computer Science},
  volume    = {3},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Computer Science},
  doi       = {10.3389/fcomp.2021.685277},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-260198},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {The concept of digital literacy has been introduced as a new cultural technique, which is regarded as essential for successful participation in a (future) digitized world. Regarding the increasing importance of AI, literacy concepts need to be extended to account for AI-related specifics. The easy handling of the systems results in increased usage, contrasting limited conceptualizations (e.g., imagination of future importance) and competencies (e.g., knowledge about functional principles). In reference to voice-based conversational agents as a concrete application of AI, the present paper aims for the development of a measurement to assess the conceptualizations and competencies about conversational agents. In a first step, a theoretical framework of "AI literacy" is transferred to the context of conversational agent literacy. Second, the "conversational agent literacy scale" (short CALS) is developed, constituting the first attempt to measure interindividual differences in the "(il) literate" usage of conversational agents. 29 items were derived, of which 170 participants answered. An explanatory factor analysis identified five factors leading to five subscales to assess CAL: storage and transfer of the smart speaker's data input; smart speaker's functional principles; smart speaker's intelligent functions, learning abilities; smart speaker's reach and potential; smart speaker's technological (surrounding) infrastructure. Preliminary insights into construct validity and reliability of CALS showed satisfying results. Third, using the newly developed instrument, a student sample's CAL was assessed, revealing intermediated values. Remarkably, owning a smart speaker did not lead to higher CAL scores, confirming our basic assumption that usage of systems does not guarantee enlightened conceptualizations and competencies. In sum, the paper contributes to the first insights into the operationalization and understanding of CAL as a specific subdomain of AI-related competencies.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WienrichReitelbachCarolus2021,
  author    = {Wienrich, Carolin and Reitelbach, Clemens and Carolus, Astrid},
  title     = {The Trustworthiness of Voice Assistants in the Context of Healthcare Investigating the Effect of Perceived Expertise on the Trustworthiness of Voice Assistants, Providers, Data Receivers, and Automatic Speech Recognition},
  series = {Frontiers in Computer Science},
  volume    = {3},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Computer Science},
  doi       = {10.3389/fcomp.2021.685250},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-260209},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {As an emerging market for voice assistants (VA), the healthcare sector imposes increasing requirements on the users' trust in the technological system. To encourage patients to reveal sensitive data requires patients to trust in the technological counterpart. In an experimental laboratory study, participants were presented a VA, which was introduced as either a "specialist" or a "generalist" tool for sexual health. In both conditions, the VA asked the exact same health-related questions. Afterwards, participants assessed the trustworthiness of the tool and further source layers (provider, platform provider, automatic speech recognition in general, data receiver) and reported individual characteristics (disposition to trust and disclose sexual information). Results revealed that perceiving the VA as a specialist resulted in higher trustworthiness of the VA and of the provider, the platform provider and automatic speech recognition in general. Furthermore, the provider's trustworthiness affected the perceived trustworthiness of the VA. Presenting both a theoretical line of reasoning and empirical data, the study points out the importance of the users' perspective on the assistant. In sum, this paper argues for further analyses of trustworthiness in voice-based systems and its effects on the usage behavior as well as the impact on responsible design of future technology.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{DonnermannSchaperLugrin2022,
  author    = {Donnermann, Melissa and Schaper, Philipp and Lugrin, Birgit},
  title     = {Social robots in applied settings: a long-term study on adaptive robotic tutors in higher education},
  series = {Frontiers in Robotics and AI},
  volume    = {9},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Robotics and AI},
  issn      = {2296-9144},
  doi       = {10.3389/frobt.2022.831633},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-266012},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Learning in higher education scenarios requires self-directed learning and the challenging task of self-motivation while individual support is rare. The integration of social robots to support learners has already shown promise to benefit the learning process in this area. In this paper, we focus on the applicability of an adaptive robotic tutor in a university setting. To this end, we conducted a long-term field study implementing an adaptive robotic tutor to support students with exam preparation over three sessions during one semester. In a mixed design, we compared the effect of an adaptive tutor to a control condition across all learning sessions. With the aim to benefit not only motivation but also academic success and the learning experience in general, we draw from research in adaptive tutoring, social robots in education, as well as our own prior work in this field. Our results show that opting in for the robotic tutoring is beneficial for students. We found significant subjective knowledge gain and increases in intrinsic motivation regarding the content of the course in general. Finally, participation resulted in a significantly better exam grade compared to students not participating. However, the extended adaptivity of the robotic tutor in the experimental condition did not seem to enhance learning, as we found no significant differences compared to a non-adaptive version of the robot.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WienrichKommaVogtetal.2021,
  author    = {Wienrich, Carolin and Komma, Philipp and Vogt, Stephanie and Latoschik, Marc E.},
  title     = {Spatial Presence in Mixed Realities - Considerations About the Concept, Measures, Design, and Experiments},
  series = {Frontiers in Virtual Reality},
  volume    = {2},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Virtual Reality},
  doi       = {10.3389/frvir.2021.694315},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-260328},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Plenty of theories, models, measures, and investigations target the understanding of virtual presence, i.e., the sense of presence in immersive Virtual Reality (VR). Other varieties of the so-called eXtended Realities (XR), e.g., Augmented and Mixed Reality (AR and MR) incorporate immersive features to a lesser degree and continuously combine spatial cues from the real physical space and the simulated virtual space. This blurred separation questions the applicability of the accumulated knowledge about the similarities of virtual presence and presence occurring in other varieties of XR, and corresponding outcomes. The present work bridges this gap by analyzing the construct of presence in mixed realities (MR). To achieve this, the following presents (1) a short review of definitions, dimensions, and measurements of presence in VR, and (2) the state of the art views on MR. Additionally, we (3) derived a working definition of MR, extending the Milgram continuum. This definition is based on entities reaching from real to virtual manifestations at one time point. Entities possess different degrees of referential power, determining the selection of the frame of reference. Furthermore, we (4) identified three research desiderata, including research questions about the frame of reference, the corresponding dimension of transportation, and the dimension of realism in MR. Mainly the relationship between the main aspects of virtual presence of immersive VR, i.e., the place-illusion, and the plausibility-illusion, and of the referential power of MR entities are discussed regarding the concept, measures, and design of presence in MR. Finally, (5) we suggested an experimental setup to reveal the research heuristic behind experiments investigating presence in MR. The present work contributes to the theories and the meaning of and approaches to simulate and measure presence in MR. We hypothesize that research about essential underlying factors determining user experience (UX) in MR simulations and experiences is still in its infancy and hopes this article provides an encouraging starting point to tackle related questions.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{GlemarecLugrinBosseretal.2021,
  author    = {Gl{\´e}marec, Yann and Lugrin, Jean-Luc and Bosser, Anne-Gwenn and Collins Jackson, Aryana and Buche, C{\´e}dric and Latoschik, Marc Erich},
  title     = {Indifferent or Enthusiastic? Virtual Audiences Animation and Perception in Virtual Reality},
  series = {Frontiers in Virtual Reality},
  volume    = {2},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Virtual Reality},
  doi       = {10.3389/frvir.2021.666232},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-259328},
  pages     = {666232},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {In this paper, we present a virtual audience simulation system for Virtual Reality (VR). The system implements an audience perception model controlling the nonverbal behaviors of virtual spectators, such as facial expressions or postures. Groups of virtual spectators are animated by a set of nonverbal behavior rules representing a particular audience attitude (e.g., indifferent or enthusiastic). Each rule specifies a nonverbal behavior category: posture, head movement, facial expression and gaze direction as well as three parameters: type, frequency and proportion. In a first user-study, we asked participants to pretend to be a speaker in VR and then create sets of nonverbal behaviour parameters to simulate different attitudes. Participants manipulated the nonverbal behaviours of single virtual spectator to match a specific levels of engagement and opinion toward them. In a second user-study, we used these parameters to design different types of virtual audiences with our nonverbal behavior rules and evaluated their perceptions. Our results demonstrate our system's ability to create virtual audiences with three types of different perceived attitudes: indifferent, critical, enthusiastic. The analysis of the results also lead to a set of recommendations and guidelines regarding attitudes and expressions for future design of audiences for VR therapy and training applications.},
  language  = {en}
}