@article{LohseKlotzSchwabe1991,
  author    = {Lohse, Martin J. and Klotz, Karl-Norbert and Schwabe, Ulrich},
  title     = {Mechanism of A2 adenosine receptor activation. I. Blockade of A2 adenosine receptors by photoaffinity labeling},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-86073},
  year      = {1991},
  abstract  = {It has previously been shown that covalent incorporation of the photoreactive adenosine derivative (R)-2-azido-N6-p-hydroxyphenytisopropyladenosine [(R)-AHPIA] into the A, adenosine receptor of intact fat cells leads to a persistent activation of this receptor, resulting in a reduction of celular cAMP Ieveis [Mol. Pharmacol. 30:403-409 (1986)]. In contrast, covalent incorporation of (R)-AHPIA into human platelet membranes, which contain only stimulatory A2 adenosine receptors, reduces adenytate cyclase Stimulation via these receptors. This effect of (R)-AHPIA is specific for the A2 receptor and can be prevented by the adenosine receptor antagonist theophylline. Binding studies in-dicate that up to 90\% of A2 receptors can be blocked by photoincorporation of (R)-AHPIA. However, the remaining 10-20\% of A2 receptors are sufficient to mediate an adenylate cyclase Stimulation of up to SOOk of the control value. Similarly, the activation via these 10-20\% of receptors occurs with a halflife that is only 2 times Ionger than that in control membranes. This indicates the presence of a receptor reserve, with respect to both the extent and the rate of adenytate cyclase Stimulation. These observations require a modification of the models of receptor-adenytate cyclase coupling, which is described in the accompanying paper [Mol. Pharmacol. 39:524-530 (1991)].},
  subject      = {Adenosinrezeptor},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SpielmanKlotzArendetal.1992,
  author    = {Spielman, William S. and Klotz, Karl-Norbert and Arend, Lois J. and Olson, Barbara A. and LeVier, David G. and Schwabe, Ulrich},
  title     = {Characterization of adenosine A1 receptor in a cell line (28A) derived from the rabbit collecting tubule},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-86083},
  year      = {1992},
  abstract  = {We have previously reported that in several renal cell types, adenosine receptor agonists inhibit adenylyl cyclase and activate phospholipase C via a pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein. In the present study, in 28A cells, both uf these adenosine receptor-mediated responses were inhibited by 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX). a highly selective A1 adenosine receptor antagonist. The binding characteristics of the adenosine A 1 receptor in the 28A renal cell line were studied using the radiolabeled antagonist f:1H]DPCPX to determine whether two separate binding sites could account for these responses. Saturation binding of [: 1H]DPCPX to 28A cell membranes revealed a single class of A1 binding sites with an apparent Kd value of 1.4 nM and maximal binding capacity of 64 fmol/mg protein. Competition experiments with a variety of adenosine agonists gave biphasic displacement curves with a pharmacological profile characteristic of A1 receptors. Comparison of [: 1H]DPCPX competition binding data from 28A cell membranes with rabbit brain membranes, a tissue with well-characterized A1 receptors, reveals that the A 1 receptor population in 28A cells has similar agonist binding affinities to the receptor population in brain but has a considerably lower density. Addition of guanosine ;)' -triphosphate ( 100 ,uM) to 28A cell membranes caused the competition curves to shift from biphasic to monophasic. indicating that the A1 receptors exist in two interconvertible affinity states because of their coupling to G proteins. In the absence of evidence for subpopulations of the A1 receptor, it appears that in 28A cells. A single A1 receptor population. As defined by ligand binding characteristics, couples via one or more pertussis toxin-sensitive guanine nucleotide binding proteins to two different biological signaling mechanisms.},
  language  = {en}
}
@incollection{LohseKlotzSchwabe1985,
  author    = {Lohse, Martin J. and Klotz, Karl-Norbert and Schwabe, Ulrich},
  title     = {Effects of barbiturates on A1 adenosine receptors of rat brain},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-70100},
  publisher      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {1985},
  abstract  = {Barbiturates inhibit binding of radioligands to A 1(Ri) adenosine receptors of rat brain membranes. This inhibition is dose-dependent and stereospecific and occurs in the range of pharmacologically active concentrations. The displacement of radiolabelled A1antagonists by barbiturates is not modified by GTP, indicating that barbiturates might act as antagonists at this receptor. This action of barbiturates does not seem to be related to the binding of barbiturates to plasma membranes, as the latter process has different characteristics. Barbiturates also inhibit the binding of radioligands to solubilized A1receptors, and saturation and kinetic experiments suggest that this is due to a competitive antagonism. These results indicate that barbiturates interact with the recognition site of the A1adenosine receptor.},
  subject      = {Barbiturat},
  language  = {en}
}
@incollection{LohseKlotzSchwabe1987,
  author    = {Lohse, Martin J. and Klotz, Karl-Norbert and Schwabe, Ulrich},
  title     = {Functional characterization of A1 adenoosine receptors by photoaffinity labelling},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-86097},
  publisher      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {1987},
  abstract  = {The ligand-binding subunit ofthe A1 adenosine receptor has been identified in membranes with the photoaffinity Iabel R-2-azido-N6-p-hydroxyphenylisopropyladenosine (R-AHPIA). Covalent labelling ofthe A1 receptor can also be achieved in intact cells. The dissociation of the radioiodinated label (1251-AHPIA) from isolated rat fat cells was incomplete after UV irradiation, leaving about 20°/o of irreversible specific binding. Such covalent labelling of the receptor led to a concentration-dependent reduction of cellular cyclic AMP levels. This persistent effect of covalent labeHing occurred with an IC50 value of 9 nM, as compared to an IC50 value of 0.9 nM for the direct reduction of cyclic AMP Ievels by the ligand. The difference in the IC5o values can be explained by assuming spare receptors. This hypothesis was verified in binding studies using [ 3HJPIA as a radioligand. R-AHPIA inhibited binding of [3H)PIA to intact fat cells with a K1 value of about 20 nM, which is about 20 tim es high er than the corresponding IC50 value of cyclic AMP reduction. These data show that the A1 receptor is activated according to the occupancy theory. The high sensitivity of the activation in intact ceJis is due to a large number of spare receptors.},
  subject      = {Adenosinrezeptor},
  language  = {en}
}
@incollection{LohseKlotzMaureretal.1990,
  author    = {Lohse, Martin J. and Klotz, Karl-Norbert and Maurer, K. and Ott, I. and Schwabe, Ulrich},
  title     = {Effects of adenosine on mast cells},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-86101},
  publisher      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {1990},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  subject      = {Adenosin},
  language  = {en}
}
@incollection{SpielmannArendKlotzetal.1990,
  author    = {Spielmann, W.-S. and Arend, L. J. and Klotz, Karl-Norbert and Schwabe, U.},
  title     = {Adenosine receptors and singnaling in the kidney},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-86114},
  publisher      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {1990},
  abstract  = {No abstract available.},
  subject      = {Adenosinrezeptor},
  language  = {en}
}
@incollection{SpielmannArendKlotzetal.1991,
  author    = {Spielmann, W. S. and Arend, L. J. and Klotz, Karl-Norbert and Schwabe, U.},
  title     = {Adenosine control of the renal Collecting tubule: receptors and signaling},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-86129},
  publisher      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {1991},
  abstract  = {No abstract available.},
  subject      = {Adenosin},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{LohseKlotzSchwabe1986,
  author    = {Lohse, Martin J. and Klotz, Karl-Norbert and Schwabe, Ulrich},
  title     = {Effectes of temperature and membrane phase transitions on ligand binding to a2-receptors of human platelets},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-86023},
  year      = {1986},
  abstract  = {The binding of agonists and antagonists to a2-adrenergic receptors of human platelets was studied. The receptors showed homogeneaus affinities for antagonists but two affinity states for the agonist (-)-epinephrine, which were modulated by guanine nucleotides. Van't Hoffplots of antagonist binding had a break point at about 18° and considerable diversity between 18° and 0°. Agonist binding to both affinity states showed a similar break point; agonist binding to the high affinity state was characterized by a large entropy component compared to the low affinity state. This entropy component was reduced at higher concentrations of sodium, indicating that it may be due to Iiberation of sodium ions. Measurements of the fluorescence of 1-anilin-8-naphthalenesulfonate showed thermotropic phase transitions of theplatelet membranes at about 17°. The transition temperature was decreased to about 12° by addition of 1 0 mM octanoic acid. Octanoic acidalso shifted the break points of the van't Hoffplot of antagonist and low affinity agonist binding from 18° to 12°. High affinity agonist binding, however, remained unchanged. It is concluded that agonist-specific thennodynamic characteristics of ligand binding to a2-receptors of human platelets can only be investigated by regarding differences between high and low affinity agonist binding. These differences include an entropy increase upon Iigand binding, which is in part due to enhanced liberation of sodium ions, and a loss of sensitivity to fluidity changes in the outer layer of the plasma membrane.},
  subject      = {Molekularpharmakologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@incollection{ShephardSchlatterLutz1987,
  author    = {Shephard, S. E. and Schlatter, C. and Lutz, Werner K.},
  title     = {Model risk analysis of nitrosatable compounds in the diet as precursors of potential endogenous carcinogens},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-86188},
  publisher      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {1987},
  abstract  = {The potential health risk posed by the endogenous formation of N-nitroso compounds (NOC) from nitrosation of dietary ureas, guanidines, amides, amino acids and amanes (primary, secondary and aromatic) was estimated according to the model: Risk = ( daily intake of precursor] X (gastric concentration of nitrite ]n X [nitrosatability rate constant] X [cilrcinogenicity of derivative]. The daily intakes ofthese compound classes span five orders ofmagnitude (100 g/day amides, top; 1-10 mg/day secondary amines, ureas, bottom); the nitrosation rate constants span seven orders of magnitude (aryl amines, ureas, top; amides, secondary amines, bottom); and the carcinogenicity estimates span a 10 000-fold range from 'very strong' to 'virtually noncarcinogenic'. The resulting risk estimates likewise span an enormous range (nine orders of magnitude ): dietary ureas and aromatic amines combined with high nitrite concentration could pose as great a risk as the intake of preformed N-nitrosodimethylamine in the diet. In contrast, the risk posed by the in-vivo nitrosation of primary and secondary amines is probably negligible. The risk contributed by amides (including protein), guanidines and primary amino acids is intermediate between these two extremes.},
  subject      = {Risikoanalyse},
  language  = {en}
}
@incollection{ShephardHegiLutz1987,
  author    = {Shephard, S. E. and Hegi, M. E. and Lutz, Werner K.},
  title     = {In-vitro assays to detect alkylating and mutagenic activities of dietary components nitrosated in situ},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-86194},
  publisher      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {1987},
  abstract  = {Nitrosation of dietary components has been combined with the 4-(para-nitrobenzyl)pyridine (NBP) colorimetric test for screening alkylating agents and with the Ames test for the detection of mutagenic activity. This allowed the investigation of short-hved nitrosation products of dietary components which generate electrophilic degradation products requiring no metabolic activation (natural amino acids and some derivatives, ureas, guanidines, primary alkyl and aryl amines). In a first system, precursor, nitrous acid and NBP were present simultaneously. All amino acids tested, except glutamic acid and glutamine, gave positive results. The reactivities spanned more than three orders of magnitude, with the aromatic amino acids and methionine the most active; two primary amines, tryptamine and histamine, were also strongly reactive. All guanidines tested, except the amino acid arginine, gave negative results. A second system consisted of two phases: NBP was added only after destruction of residual nitrite and adjustment of the pH to neutrality. This system was useful for the study of ureas, which are stable in acid but not in neutral media. The range of responses covered more than two orders of magnitude. Most amino acids and primary amines also gave positive results, but could be assessed only after analysing the kinetics of the competing reactions and choosing appropriate reaction times. In a third system, Salmonella typhimurium strain TA1OO replaced NBP. Representatives of the class of amino acids, ureas, the primary amine tryptamine, and aniline became higbly mutagenic upon nitrosation. Methylguanidine was only weakly mutagenic under the present assay conditions. The results indicate that further studies with unstable nitrosation products of dietary components are required to understand more thoroughly the role of endogenous nitrosation in gastric cancer.},
  subject      = {Medizin},
  language  = {en}
}
@incollection{LohseKlotzSchwabeetal.1988,
  author    = {Lohse, M. J. and Klotz, K.-N. and Schwabe, U. and Christalli, G. and Vittori, S. and Grifantini, M.},
  title     = {Pharmacology and Biochemistry of Adenosine Receptors},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-86251},
  publisher      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {1988},
  abstract  = {Adenosine modulates a variety of physiological functions via membrane-bound receptors. These receptors couple via G proteins to adenylate cyclase and K+channels. The A1 subtype mediates an inhibition of adenylate cyclase and an opening of K+-channels, and the A2 subtype a Stimulation of adenylate cyclase. Both subtypes have been characterized by radioligand binding. This has facilitated the development of agonists and antagonists with more than 1000-fold A1 selectivity. A1-selective photoaffinity labels have been used for the biochemical characterization of A1 receptors and the study of their coupling to adenylate cyclase. Such selective ligands allow the analysis of the involvement of adenosine receptors in physiological functions. Selective interference with adenosine receptors provides new pharmacological tools and eventually new therapeutic approaches to a number of pathophysiological states.},
  subject      = {Adenosinrezeptor},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{LohseKlotzSchwabe1986,
  author    = {Lohse, Martin J. and Klotz, Karl-Norbert and Schwabe, Ulrich},
  title     = {Agonist photoaffinity labeling of A1 adenosine receptors: Persistent activation reveals spare receptors},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-87966},
  year      = {1986},
  abstract  = {No abstract available.},
  subject      = {Pharmazie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MeierGrossKlotzetal.1989,
  author    = {Meier, Friedegund and Gross, Eva and Klotz, Karl-Norbert and Ruzicka, Thomas},
  title     = {Leukotriene B4 receptors on neutrophils in patients with psoriasis and atopic exzema},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-86265},
  year      = {1989},
  abstract  = {Polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) infiltration is an important characteristic in psoriatic lesions. Elevated concentrations of the chemoattractant eicosanoid leukotriene B4 (L TB4) are present in psoriatic skin. Its chemotactic activity is mediated via high affinity receptors on PMNL. The goal of our work was to ascertain whether PMNL infiltration in psoriasis can be accounted for by functional abnormalities of the circulating PMNL due to alterations in the LTB4 receptor density or affinity (or both). No significant difference was found between patients with psoriasis, healthy controls and patients with another inflammatory dermatosis (atopic eczema) with regard to the binding parameters of LTB4 receptors on PMNL. Our findings suggest that PMNL accumulation in psoriatic skin may be the result of an excess of cutaneous hemoattractant rather than the increased readiness of psoriatic PMNL to migrate towards L TB4 due to altered LTB4 receptor density or affinity.},
  subject      = {Dermatologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@incollection{KlotzKeilZimmeretal.1989,
  author    = {Klotz, Karl-Norbert and Keil, Roger and Zimmer, Franz-Josef and Schwabe, Ulrich},
  title     = {Modulation of (\SH) DPCPX binding to membrane-bound ans solubilized A1 adenosine receptors by guanine nucleotides},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-86153},
  publisher      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {1989},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  subject      = {Adenosinrezeptor},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ShephardLutz1989,
  author    = {Shephard, S. E. and Lutz, Werner K.},
  title     = {Nitrosation of dietary precursors},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-70311},
  year      = {1989},
  abstract  = {The diet contains a large number of constituents which can be nitrosated in the gastrointestinal tract (especially in the stomach) to potentially carcinogenic nitroso compounds (NOC). The nitrosation of food mixtures has been investigated with a number of assays, such as chemical analysis or detection of alkylating potential, mutagenicity and carcinogenicity. Relatively good information is available on the formation of stable nitrosamines using high nitrite concentrations. Little is known, however, about the formation of chemically unstable NOC at low nitrite concentration and their genotoxicity in target cells. A comparison of the precursor classes, alkylamines, aromatic amines, amino acids, amides and peptides, ureas and guanidines, reveals a vast range, both with respect to daily intake (105-fold) and nitrosation rate (104-fold both for 1st and 2nd order nitrite dependence). A total span of 108 results for the relative yield of NOC in the stomach. The endogenous NOC burden from dietary ureas and aromatic amines may represent as large a hazard as the intake of preformed NOC. Recent evidence also indicates that heterocyclic amines and phenols must be considered and that the half-life of nitrosated a-amino acids can be much longer than that of nitrosated primary alkylamines. In these classes, more information should be collected on dietary concentrations, on the nitrosation under realistic conditions and on the genotoxicity in stomach lining cells. Within a chemical precursor class, a wide range is seen with respect to alkylating potency. It cannot, therefore, be excluded that individual precursors within the top ranking classes might become more important than single preformed NOC. Not considered in the above analysis but probably just as important for a risk evaluation in a population is the knowledge of the nitrosation conditions and target cell susceptibility in individuals.},
  subject      = {Ern{\"a}hrung},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Heinlein2013,
  author    = {Heinlein, U-Ju},
  title     = {Adenosinrezeptoren auf Ovarialkarzinomzellen},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-81920},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {Seit der Entdeckung, dass Adenosin auch als Botenstoff dient, besch{\"a}ftigen sich Forschungsgruppen mit Adenosinrezeptoren und ihrer m{\"o}glichen therapeutischen Modulation, insbesondere in Zusammenhang mit Krebserkrankungen. Bislang sind die Rezeptoren auf diversen Krebszellen nachgewiesen worden. So konnten beispielsweise in einer Brustkrebszelllinie A2B Adenosinrezeptoren nachgewiesen werden, deren Stimulation zu einer Hemmung der wachstumsf{\"o}rdernden MAP Kinase f{\"u}hrt. Pharmaka zur weitgehend selektiven Aktivierung oder Hemmung einzelner Adenosinrezeptor-Subtypen stehen ebenfalls zur Verf{\"u}gung. Beim Ovarialkarzinom mit seiner leider meist erst sp{\"a}t auftretenden Symptomatik besteht derzeit noch keine M{\"o}glichkeit zur fr{\"u}hen Diagnosestellung, sodass die Prognose ausgesprochen ung{\"u}nstig ausf{\"a}llt und die Erkrankung bei Frauen eine der h{\"a}ufigsten krebsbedingten Todesursachen darstellt. Daher war es ein Ziel dieser Arbeit herauszufinden, ob Adenosinrezeptoren auf diesen Zellen einen m{\"o}glichen therapeutischen Angriffspunkt bieten. Dazu untersuchten wir die vier Ovarialkarzinomzelllinien OVCAR-3, SK-OV-3, PA-1 und OAW-42 auf eine m{\"o}gliche Expression von allen vier Adenosinrezeptorsubtypen. Zun{\"a}chst wurden mit radioaktiv markierten Liganden ([3H]CCPA, [3H]NECA und [3H]HEMADO) Bindungsstudien f{\"u}r den A1-, A2A- und A3-Subtyp durchgef{\"u}hrt. Die Expression des A2B-Rezeptors wurde mithilfe eines funktionellen Nachweises, der Stimulation der Adenylylcyclase mithilfe von NECA (einem unspezifischen Adenosinrezeptoragonisten) analysiert. Im Anschluss daran untersuchten wir an OAW-42 und SK-OV-3 Zellen, ob sich ihr Proliferationsverhalten durch eine Stimulation mit NECA ver{\"a}ndern ließe und ob sich das Ansprechen auf g{\"a}ngige Chemotherapeutika bzw. einen Todesliganden {\"a}ndern w{\"u}rde. Trotz des erfolgreichen Nachweises von Adenosinrezeptoren auf allen Zelllinien waren die Ergebnisse der Proliferationsstudien aber nicht eindeutig. OAW-42 und SK-OV-3 Zellen reagierten zwar auf eine NECA-Stimulation mit sinkendem BrdU-Einbau, OAW-42 Zellen zeigten aber nach Behandlung mit NECA eine leicht erh{\"o}hte Resistenz gegen{\"u}ber Cisplatin. NECA-behandelte SK-OV-3 Zellen reagierten hingegen etwas sensitiver auf Doxorubicin und Fas-Ligand. Die Unterschiede waren aber insgesamt sehr gering und wurden daher von uns als nicht entscheidender Effekt gewertet. Auch Untersuchungen zur Expression der Adenosin-generierenden Enzyme CD39 und CD73 vor und nach NECA-Stimulation blieben ohne erkennbare Ver{\"a}nderung. Insofern ergaben unsere Untersuchungen keine Hinweise darauf, dass Adenosinrezeptoren eine m{\"o}gliche therapeutische Zielstruktur darstellen k{\"o}nnten. Zuk{\"u}nftige Studien k{\"o}nnen aber die gewonnenen Daten als Grundlage und Ausgangspunkt n{\"u}tzen, um auch andere Tumorzellarten zu untersuchen und im Kampf gegen den Krebs nach neuen potenziellen pharmakologischen Angriffspunkten zu suchen.},
  subject      = {Eierstockkrebs},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Soliman2022,
  author    = {Soliman, Alexander},
  title     = {Einfluss des Gewichtsverlusts auf den oxidativen Stress und den DNS-Schaden in adip{\"o}sen Patient*innen nach bariatrischer Chirurgie},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-25973},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-259737},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Einfluss des Gewichtsverlusts auf den oxidativen Stress und den DNS-Schaden in adip{\"o}sen Patient*innen nach bariatrischer Chirurgie Adipositas ist eine Erkrankung, die durch ein erh{\"o}htes Krebsrisiko neben zahlreichen anderen Komorbidit{\"a}ten mit weitreichenden Folgen f{\"u}r die Gesundheit adip{\"o}ser Patient*innen einhergeht. In der Pathogenese der adipositas-assoziierten Krebsarten sind dabei ein erh{\"o}hter oxidativer Stress sowie die damit einhergehende Sch{\"a}digung der DNS maßgeblich beteiligt. Im Umkehrschluss wurde in der vorliegenden Arbeit der Einfluss eines durch bariatrische Chirurgie induzierten Gewichtsverlusts auf den oxidativen Stress und DNS-Schaden in adip{\"o}sen Patient*innen anhand von Blutproben pr{\"a}operativ sowie 6 und 12 Monate postoperativ untersucht. In einer Subpopulation der Patient*innen konnte eine tendenzielle Verringerung des DNS-Schadens anhand des Comet-Assays in peripheren Lymphozyten beobachtet werden. Im Hinblick auf den oxidativen Stress wurde im Plasma die Eisenreduktionsf{\"a}higkeit als Maß f{\"u}r antioxidative Kapazit{\"a}t sowie Malondialdehyd als Surrogatmarker f{\"u}r das Ausmaß an Lipidperoxidation bestimmt. Weiterhin wurde in Erythrozyten das Gesamtglutathion und oxidierte Glutathion bestimmt. Die oxidativen Stressparameter zeigten insgesamt nach einer initialen Zunahme im oxidativen Stress 6 Monate postoperativ eine r{\"u}ckl{\"a}ufige Tendenz im oxidativen Stress am Studienende. Somit geben die Beobachtungen dieser Arbeit Anlass zur Hoffnung, dass adip{\"o}se Patient*innen durch einen bariatrisch induzierten Gewichtsverlust von einer Verringerung des Krebsrisikos profitieren k{\"o}nnten.},
  subject      = {Magenchirurgie},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Jonas2004,
  author    = {Jonas, Ren{\´e}},
  title     = {Toxizit{\"a}t und Gentoxizit{\"a}t von Phytohormonen und deren Metaboliten},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-11063},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {Phytohormone, insbesondere solche mit {\"o}strogenem Potential werden heute vermehrt in der postklimakterischen Hormonersatztherapie als nat{\"u}rliche Alternative zu Designer{\"o}strogenen eingesetzt, da sie vermutlich ein besseres Wirkungs-Nebenwirkungsprofil besitzten. Mengenm{\"a}ßig am bedeutensten sind die Phyto{\"o}strogene aus den Stoffgruppen der Isoflavone, Cumestane und Indol-3-carbinole. Weit {\"u}ber 100 Pflanzen produzieren Phytohormone. Die bekanntesten sind die Sojabohne, Weintrauben, Leinsamen, Haferflocken, Spargel, Traubensilberkerze und roter Klee. Phytohormone k{\"o}nnen t{\"a}glich in großer Menge aufgenommen werden (1mg pro kg K{\"o}rpergewicht), wobei durchaus Plasmaspiegel von {\"u}ber 1µM erreicht werden. Gerade deshalb darf nicht davon ausgegangen werden, daß nat{\"u}rliche Produkte per se gut f{\"u}r die Gesundheit w{\"a}ren. Phytohormone und insbesondere deren Metaboliten, die w{\"a}hrend der intestinalen Passage entstehen, wurden vielfach nicht den gleichen Pr{\"u}fbedingungen unterzogen wie sie f{\"u}r andere in Lebensmitteln vorkommenden Substanzen, wie z.B. Konservierungs-, Farb- oder Aromastoffen, heute selbstverst{\"a}ndlich ist. Diese Arbeit soll deshalb anhand von in-vitro Tests an Mauslymphomzellen L5178Y f{\"u}r eine Auswahl an Phytohormonen und deren Metaboliten m{\"o}gliche toxische oder gentoxische Effekte detektieren und die bestehende Datenlage erg{\"a}nzen. Aus der Gruppe der Isoflavone wurden die Daidzeinmetaboloiten Equol und O-desmethylangolensin und die Glyceteinmetaboliten 3,4,7- und 4,6,7-Trihyroxyisoflavon untersucht. Aus der Gruppe der Flavone wurde Fisetin und aus der Gruppe der Stilbene Resveratrol untersucht. Weiterhin wurden Daten zu den Anthocyanen Delphinidin-, Pelargonidin- und Cyanidin-Chlorid erhoben. Toxische Effekte wurden anhand von Proliferatiosexperimenten, durch die Bestimmung der Zellvitalit{\"a}t (Ethidiumbromid-Flouresceinmethode) und durch die Analyse der Teilungsaktivit{\"a}t nach Behandlung mit Cytocalasin B und anschließender Bestimmung des Anteils mehrkerniger Zellen detektiert. Zur Bestimmung von gentoxischen Effekte wurde auf den Mikrokerntest zur{\"u}ckgegriffen. Erg{\"a}nzend sollte eine Immunfloureszenzf{\"a}rbung der Kinetochorproteine in Mikrokernen Aufschluß {\"u}ber aneugene oder klastogene Wirksamkeit der untersuchten Substanzen geben. Die in dieser Arbeit gewonnenen Daten weisen darauf hin, daß erste adverse Effekte der Phytohormone oder deren Metaboliten im Bereich der erreichbaren Plasmakonzentration liegen, so daß eine {\"u}bertriebene Aufnahme hochdosierter Phytohormonen derzeit als kritisch erachtet und weiterer Forschungsbedarf festgestellt werden muß.},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Nedvetsky2003,
  author    = {Nedvetsky, Pavel I.},
  title     = {Regulation of the nitric oxide receptor, soluble guanylyl cyclase},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-7046},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2003},
  abstract  = {Soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) is the best established receptor for nitric oxide (NO) and regulates a great number of important physiological functions. Surprisingly, despite the wellappreciated roles of this enzyme in regulation of vascular tone, smooth muscle cell proliferation, platelet aggregation, renal sodium secretion, synaptic plasticity, and other functions, extremely little is known about the regulation of sGC activity and protein levels. To date, the only well-proven physiologically relevant sGC regulator is NO. In the present study, some additional possibilities for sGC regulation were shown. Firstly, we evaluated the ability of different NO donors to stimulate sGC. Significant differences in the sGC stimulation by SNP and DEA/NO were found. DEA/NO stimulated sGC much stronger than did SNP. Interestingly, no correlation between the sGC protein and maximal activity distribution was found in rat brain regions tested, suggesting the existence of some additional regulatory mechanisms for sGC. The failure of SNP to stimulate sGC maximally might be one of the reasons why the lack of correlation between the distribution of sGC activity and proteins in brain was not detected earlier. Prolonged exposure of endothelial cells to NO donors produced desensitization of the cGMP response. This desensitization cannot be explained by increased PDE activity, since PDE inhibitors were not able to prevent the NO donor-induced decrease of the maximal cGMP response in endothelial cells. The failure of SH-reducing agents to improve the cGMP response after its desensitization by NO suggests that a SH-independent mechanism mediates NO effects. Demonstration that the potency of the recently described activator of oxidized (heme-free) sGC, BAY58-2667, to stimulate sGC increases after prolonged exposure of the cells to an NO donor, DETA/NO, suggests that oxidation of heme may be a reason for NOinduced desensitization of sGC and decrease in sGC protein level. Indeed, the well-known heme-oxidizing agent ODQ produces a dramatic decrease in sGC protein levels in endothelial cells and BAY58-2667 prevents this effect. Although the mechanism of sGC activation and stabilization by BAY58-2667 is unknown, this substance is an interesting candidate to modulate sGC under conditions where sGC heme iron is oxidized. Very little is known about regulation of sGC by intracellular localization or translocation between different intracellular compartments. In the present study, an increase in sGC sensitivity to NO under membrane association was demonstrated. Treatment of isolated lung with VEGF markedly increased sGC in membrane fractions of endothelial cells. Failure of VEGF to stimulate sGC membrane association in cultured endothelial cells allows us to propose a complex mechanism of regulation of sGC membrane association and/or a transient character of sGC membrane attachment. A very likely mechanism for the attachment of sGC to membranes is via sGCinteracting proteins. These proteins may participate also in other aspects of sGC regulation. The role of the recently described sGC interaction partner, Hsp90, was investigated. Shortterm treatment of endothelial cells with an Hsp90 inhibitor does not affect NO donor or calcium ionophore-stimulated cGMP accumulation in the cells. However, inhibition of Hsp90 results in a rapid and dramatic decrease in sGC protein levels in endothelial cells. These effects were unrelated to changes in sGC transcription, since inhibition of transcription had much slower effect on sGC protein levels. In contrast, inhibitors of proteasomes abolished the reduction in sGC protein levels produced by an Hsp90 inhibitor, suggesting involvement of proteolytic degradation of sGC proteins during inhibition of Hsp90. All these data together suggest that Hsp90 is required to maintain mature sGC proteins. In conclusion, in the present study it was demonstrated that multiple mechanisms are involved in the regulation of sGC activity and its sensitivity to NO. Oxidation of sGC heme by NO seems to be one of the mechanisms for negative regulation of sGC in the presence of high or prolonged stimulation with NO. Another possible means of regulating sGC sensitivity to NO is via the intracellular translocation of the enzyme. It has been also demonstrated here that attachment of sGC to the membrane fraction results in an apparent increase in the enzyme sensitivity to NO. Additionally, Hsp90 was required to maintain sGC protein in endothelial and other cell types. However, we could not find any acute affect of Hsp90 on sGC activity, as reported recently. All these findings demonstrate that the regulation of sGC activity and protein level is a much more complex process than had been assumed earlier.},
  subject      = {Guanylatcyclase},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Buecheler2003,
  author    = {B{\"u}cheler, Markus},
  title     = {Regulation der Neurotransmission im zentralen Nervensystem durch alpha2-adrenerge Rezeptoren},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-7803},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2003},
  abstract  = {Die Gruppe der adrenergen Rezeptoren (AR) umfasst neun Rezeptoren (3 alpha1-, 3 alpha2-, 3 beta-AR), die alle durch die physiologischen Liganden Adrenalin und Noradrenalin aktiviert werden k{\"o}nnen. Eine Subgruppe der AR bilden die drei alpha2-AR alpha2A, alpha2B und alpha2C. Sie k{\"o}nnen pr{\"a}- oder postsynaptisch lokalisiert sein. Pr{\"a}synaptisch lokalisierte alpha2-AR hemmen die Transmitterfreisetzung im Sinne einer negativen R{\"u}ckkopplung. Die Hauptrolle bei der pr{\"a}synaptischen Hemmung der Transmitterfreisetzung spielen alpha2-AR vom Subtyp alpha2A. Es lagen zu Beginn dieser Arbeit auch Hinweise vor, daß noch weitere alpha2-Rezeptorsubtypen an dieser Funktion beteiligt sind. Eine eindeutige Zuordnung dieser alpha2-AR zu den Subtypen alpha2B oder alpha2C gelang aber bisher nicht. In dieser Arbeit sollte deshalb die Frage beantwortet werden, welche alpha2-AR neben dem alpha2A-AR an der pr{\"a}synaptischen Hemmung der Transmitterfreisetzung im zentralen Nervensystem beteiligt sind. Zur Subtypunterscheidung wurden "knockout"-M{\"a}use verwendet, die nur einen oder zwei alpha2-Rezeptorsubtypen exprimierten. Gehirnschnitte aus dem Neokortex und den Basalganglien dieser Mauslinien wurden mit radoaktiv markiertem Noradrenalin bzw. Dopamin inkubiert. Anschließend wurde in Transmitterfreisetzungsexperimenten mit den so behandelten Gehirnschnitten Konzentrations-Wirkungskurven mit verschiedenen Liganden erstellt. Auf diese Weise konnte gezeigt werden, daß neben den alpha2A-AR auch alpha2C-AR pr{\"a}synaptisch die Transmitterfreisetzung von Noradrenalin und Dopamin hemmen. In einem weiteren Schritt wurde die Aktivierungs- und Deaktivierungskinetik der alpha2A- und alpha2C-AR im heterologen Expressionssystem untersucht. Hierzu wurden stabile HEK293-Zellinien generiert, die entweder alpha2A- oder alpha2C-AR unterschiedlich stark exprimierten. Diese Zellinien wurden transient mit GIRK-Kan{\"a}len transfiziert, um die durch Stimulation mit Noradrenalin resultierenden Kaliumstr{\"o}me mit der "patch-clamp"-Technik zu messen. Dabei ergab sich kein signifikanter Unterschied zwischen alpha2A- und alpha2C-AR bez{\"u}glich der Aktivierungskinetik. Alpha2C-AR deaktivierten jedoch deutlich langsamer als alpha2A-AR. Diese Befunde belegen, daß zwei der drei alpha2-AR-Subtypen, alpha2A und alpha2C, als pr{\"a}synaptische Autorezeptoren (Noradrenalin) bzw. Heterorezeptoren (Dopamin) die Neurotransmission modulieren. Dies k{\"o}nnte in der Zukunft f{\"u}r die Entwicklung neuer, subtypspezifischer Pharmaka von großer Bedeutung sein.},
  language  = {de}
}