@article{AdamWittbrodtTellingetal.1988,
  author    = {Adam, D. and Wittbrodt, J. and Telling, A. and Schartl, Manfred},
  title     = {RFLP for an EGF-receptor related gene associated with the melanoma oncogene locus of Xiphophorus maculatus},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61822},
  year      = {1988},
  abstract  = {No abstract available},
  subject      = {Physiologische Chemie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AdamDimitrijevicSchartl1993,
  author    = {Adam, Dieter and Dimitrijevic, Nicola and Schartl, Manfred},
  title     = {Tumor suppression in Xiphophorus by an accidentally acquired promoter},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61630},
  year      = {1993},
  abstract  = {Melanoma formation in the teleost Xiphophorus is caused by a dominant genetic locus, Tu. This locus includes the Xmrk oncogene, which encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase. Tumor induction is. suppressed in wild-type fish by a tumor suppressor locus, R. Molecular genetic analyses revealed that the Tu locus emerged by nonhomologaus recombination of the Xmrk proto-oncogene with a previously uncharacterized sequence, D. This event generated an additional copy of Xmrk with a new promoter. Suppression of the new Xmrk promoter by R in parental fish and its deregulation in hybrids explain the genetics of melanoma formation in Xiphophorus.},
  subject      = {Physiologische Chemie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AdamMauelerSchartl1991,
  author    = {Adam, Dieter and Maueler, Winfried and Schartl, Manfred},
  title     = {Transcriptional activation of the melanoma inducing Xmrk oncogene in Xiphophorus},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-87584},
  year      = {1991},
  abstract  = {The melanoma inducing locus of Xiphophorus encodes a tumorigenic version of a novel putative receptor tyrosine kinase (Xmrk). To elucidate the mechanism of oncogenic activation of Xmrk, we compared the structure and expression of two oncogenic loci with the corresponding proto-oncogene. Only minor structural alterations were found to be specific for the oncogenic Xmrk genes. Marked overexpression of the oncogene transcripts in melanoma, which are approximately 1 kb shorter than the proto-oncogene transcript, correlates with the malignancy of the tumors. The tumor transcripts are derived from an alternative transcription start site that is used only in the oncogenic loci. Thus, oncogenic activation of the melanoma inducing Xmrk gene appears primarily to be due to novel transcriptional control and overexpression.},
  subject      = {Schwertk{\"a}rpfling},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AdamKircherSbieraetal.2021,
  author    = {Adam, Pia and Kircher, Stefan and Sbiera, Iuliu and Koehler, Viktoria Florentine and Berg, Elke and Kn{\"o}sel, Thomas and Sandner, Benjamin and Fenske, Wiebke Kristin and Bl{\"a}ker, Hendrik and Smaxwil, Constantin and Zielke, Andreas and Sipos, Bence and Allelein, Stephanie and Schott, Matthias and Dierks, Christine and Spitzweg, Christine and Fassnacht, Martin and Kroiss, Matthias},
  title     = {FGF-Receptors and PD-L1 in Anaplastic and Poorly Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: Evaluation of the Preclinical Rationale},
  series = {Frontiers in Endocrinology},
  volume    = {12},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Endocrinology},
  issn      = {1664-2392},
  doi       = {10.3389/fendo.2021.712107},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-244653},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Background Treatment options for poorly differentiated (PDTC) and anaplastic (ATC) thyroid carcinoma are unsatisfactory and prognosis is generally poor. Lenvatinib (LEN), a multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFR) 1-4 is approved for advanced radioiodine refractory thyroid carcinoma, but response to single agent is poor in ATC. Recent reports of combining LEN with PD-1 inhibitor pembrolizumab (PEM) are promising. Materials and Methods Primary ATC (n=93) and PDTC (n=47) tissue samples diagnosed 1997-2019 at five German tertiary care centers were assessed for PD-L1 expression by immunohistochemistry using Tumor Proportion Score (TPS). FGFR 1-4 mRNA was quantified in 31 ATC and 14 PDTC with RNAscope in-situ hybridization. Normal thyroid tissue (NT) and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) served as controls. Disease specific survival (DSS) was the primary outcome variable. Results PD-L1 TPS≥50\% was observed in 42\% of ATC and 26\% of PDTC specimens. Mean PD-L1 expression was significantly higher in ATC (TPS 30\%) than in PDTC (5\%; p<0.01) and NT (0\%, p<0.001). 53\% of PDTC samples had PD-L1 expression ≤5\%. FGFR mRNA expression was generally low in all samples but combined FGFR1-4 expression was significantly higher in PDTC and ATC compared to NT (each p<0.001). No impact of PD-L1 and FGFR 1-4 expression was observed on DSS. Conclusion High tumoral expression of PD-L1 in a large proportion of ATCs and a subgroup of PDTCs provides a rationale for immune checkpoint inhibition. FGFR expression is low thyroid tumor cells. The clinically observed synergism of PEM with LEN may be caused by immune modulation.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Adam2024,
  author    = {Adam, Pia Sophie},
  title     = {Expression von PD-L1 und FGFR1-4 beim anaplastischen und gering differenzierten Schilddr{\"u}senkarzinom - Evaluation als pr{\"a}klinische diagnostische Marker},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-35939},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-359391},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2024},
  abstract  = {Background: Treatment options for poorly differentiated (PDTC) and anaplastic (ATC) thyroid carcinoma are unsatisfactory and prognosis is generally poor. Lenvatinib (LEN), a multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFR) 1-4 is approved for advanced radioiodine refractory thyroid carcinoma, but response to single agent is poor in ATC. Recent reports of combining LEN with PD-1 inhibitor pembrolizumab (PEM) are promising. Materials and methods: Primary ATC (n=93) and PDTC (n=47) tissue samples diagnosed 1997-2019 at five German tertiary care centers were assessed for PD-L1 expression by immunohistochemistry using Tumor Proportion Score (TPS). FGFR 1-4 mRNA was quantified in 31 ATC and 14 PDTC with RNAscope in-situ hybridization. Normal thyroid tissue (NT) and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) served as controls. Disease specific survival (DSS) was the primary outcome variable. Results: PD-L1 TPS≥50\% was observed in 42\% of ATC and 26\% of PDTC specimens. Mean PD-L1 expression was significantly higher in ATC (TPS 30\%) than in PDTC (5\%; p<0.01) and NT (0\%, p<0.001). 53\% of PDTC samples had PD-L1 expression ≤5\%. FGFR mRNA expression was generally low in all samples but combined FGFR1-4 expression was significantly higher in PDTC and ATC compared to NT (each p<0.001). No impact of PD-L1 and FGFR 1-4 expression was observed on DSS. Conclusion: High tumoral expression of PD-L1 in a large proportion of ATCs and a subgroup of PDTCs provides a rationale for immune checkpoint inhibition. FGFR expression is low thyroid tumor cells. The clinically observed synergism of PEM with LEN may be caused by immune modulation.},
  subject      = {Schilddr{\"u}senkrebs},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{AdamAhrweilerSahaMoelleretal.1993,
  author    = {Adam, W. and Ahrweiler, M. and Saha-M{\"o}ller, C. R. and Sauter, M. and Sch{\"o}nberger, A. and Epe, B. and M{\"u}ller, E. and Schiffmann, D. and Stopper, Helga and Wild, D.},
  title     = {Genotoxicity studies of benzofuran dioxetanes and epoxides with isolated DNA, bacteria and mammalian cells},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-63420},
  year      = {1993},
  abstract  = {1.2-Dioxetanes, very reactive and high energy molecules. are involved as labile intermediates in dioxygenase- activated aerobic metabolism and in physiological processes. Various toxico1ogica1 tests reveal that dioxetanes are indeed genotoxic. In supercoiled DNA of bacteriophage PM2 they induce endonucleasesensitive sites, most of them are FPG protein-sensitive base modifications (8-hydroxyguanine, fonnamidopyrimidines). Pyrimidinedimersand sites ofbase loss (AP sites) which were probed by UV endonuclease and exonuclease 111 are minor lesions in this system. While the alky1-substituted dioxetanes do not show any significant mutagenic activity in different Salmonella typhimurium strains, heteroarene dioxetanes such as benzofuran and furocoumarin dioxetanes are strongly mutagenic in S. typhimurium strain TA I 00. DNA adducts formed with an intermediary alkyJating agent appear to be responsible for the mutagenic activity of benzofuran dioxetane. We assume that the benzofuran epoxides, generated in situ from benzofuran dioxetanes by deoxygenation are the ultimate mutagens of the latter. since benzofuran epoxides are highly mutagenic in the S. typhimurium strain TAIOO and they form DNA adducts. as detected by the 212Ppostlabelling technique. Our results imply that the type of D NA darnage promoted by dioxetanes is dependent on the structural feature of dioxetanes. Furthermore, the direct photochemical DNA darnage by energy transfer. i.e., pyrimidine dimers, plays a minor role in the genotoxicity of dioxetanes. Instead, photooxidation dominates in isolated DNA. while radical darnage and alkylation prevail in the cellular system.},
  subject      = {Toxikologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Adamek2008,
  author    = {Adamek, Anna Katharina},
  title     = {Einfluss des Immunsystems und der endothelialen NO-Synthase auf den myokardialen isch{\"a}mischen Schaden},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-35795},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2008},
  abstract  = {Die Entwicklung von therapeutischen Strategien, die den infarktbedingten Untergang des Myokardgewebes minimieren und die Gewebsheilung nach abgelaufenem Myokardinfarkt unterst{\"u}tzen, geh{\"o}rt zu dem Hauptziel in der modernen Kardiologie. Bis jedoch eine spezifische Intervention als Therapieform anerkannt wird, ist ein detailliertes Entschl{\"u}sseln der zellul{\"a}ren und molekularen Mechanismen w{\"a}hrend und nach der Myokardsch{\"a}digung notwendig. Die vorliegende Arbeit besch{\"a}ftigt sich intensiv mit den Vorg{\"a}ngen der Stickstoffmonoxid- (NO) Produktion und der Inflammation nach Okklusion von Kranzarterien. Im ersten Teil der Dissertation steht die endotheliale NO-Synthase-Expression (eNOS) im Mittelpunkt der Untersuchung. eNOS ist als wichtiger Katalysator an der Biosynthese von Stickstoffmonoxid, das als protektiver Faktor f{\"u}r die Gef{\"a}ßhom{\"o}ostase seit Jahren bekannt ist, beteiligt. Ferner besteht experimentell sehr gute Evidenz daf{\"u}r, dass der endothelialen NO-Synthase am Ausmaß des kardialen Isch{\"a}mie-/ Reperfusionsschadens eine entscheidende Rolle zukommt. Folglich wurde mittels der Substanz AVE 9488 versucht, die eNOS-Expression in M{\"a}usen zu steigern und den Effekt auf das Infarktgeschehen n{\"a}her zu betrachten. Die Behandlung mit AVE 9488 erzielte einen signifikant reduzierten Isch{\"a}mie-/Reperfusionsschaden. Bei anschließenden Isch{\"a}mie-/Reperfusionsveruchen mit eNOS defizienten M{\"a}usen war der protektive Effekt wieder aufgehoben. Der Erfolg dieser Substanz wird in der signifikanten Reduktion des oxidativen Stresses vermutet. Ein zus{\"a}tzlicher wichtiger Parameter, der w{\"a}hrend der Isch{\"a}mie/Reperfusion aktiviert wird, ist der Schl{\"u}ssel-Transkriptionsfaktor Nuclear Factor kappa B (NF-kB). Durch seine Bindung an bestimmte Enhancer und Promotoren reguliert der Faktor die Entz{\"u}ndungsprozesse, indem er die Genexpression proinflammatorischer Marker verst{\"a}rkt. Folglich wurden eine Reduktion der Inflammation sowie ein protektiver Effekt nach erfolgter isch{\"a}mischer Sch{\"a}digung durch Hemmung von NF-kB angenommen. Zur Pr{\"u}fung dieser Hypothese wurden NF-kB-Untereinheit p50 defiziente M{\"a}use (p50 KO) einer Okklusion einer Herzkranzarterie unterzogen. Durch die Hemmung der NF-kB-Aktivierung kam es zu einer signifikanten Reduzierung des Infarktareals im Vergleich zu den entsprechenden Wildtyp-M{\"a}usen. Der große Benefit konnte auf die geringere Einwanderung der neutrophilen Granulozyten in das infarzierte Gebiet zur{\"u}ckgef{\"u}hrt werden. Knochenmarktransplantationsversuche mit p50 KO- und Wildtyp-Knochenmark untermauerten die Beobachtung, dass die beeintr{\"a}chtigte Aktivierung von NF-kB in p50 defizienten Leukozyten protektive Effekte in der Isch{\"a}mie/Reperfusion vermittelt. Die Aktivierung der proinflammatorischen Proteine w{\"a}hrend des linksventrikul{\"a}ren Remodelings nach Myokardinfarkt geh{\"o}rt zum Fokus des dritten Teils dieser Arbeit. Dieser Teil besch{\"a}ftigt sich mit der Frage, inwieweit eine hochdosierte Aspirin-Therapie die linksventrikul{\"a}ren Umbauprozesse g{\"u}nstig beeinflussen kann. Daf{\"u}r wurden M{\"a}use f{\"u}r 4 Wochen mit Placebo oder Aspirin (120 mg/kg pro Tag) mittels osmotischer Mini-Pumpen, die 2 Stunden nach Ligatur der Kranzarterie implantiert wurden, behandelt. In beiden Gruppen kam es zur erwarteten linksventrikul{\"a}ren Dilatation nach Myokardinfarkt, jedoch ohne signifikanten Unterschied zwischen Placebo- und Aspirin-behandelten Tieren. Es kam allerdings zu einer erwarteten Reduktion proinflammatorischer Proteine durch die Aspirin-Therapie. So war die Expression von Tumor-Nekrose-Faktor-alpha; (TNF-alpha) und Interleukin-1ß (IL-ß) in der Aspirin-Gruppe signifikant reduziert. Zusammenfassend l{\"a}sst sich sagen, dass durch die gezielte Beeinflussung bestimmter Faktoren in der Isch{\"a}mie/Reperfusion wie z. B. die Verst{\"a}rkung der eNOS-Expression oder die Hemmung der NF-kB-Aktivierung die Isch{\"a}miesch{\"a}digung signifikant reduziert werden kann.},
  subject      = {Isch{\"a}mie},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Adamek2011,
  author    = {Adamek, Julian},
  title     = {Classical and Quantum Aspects of Anisotropic Cosmology},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-65908},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {The idea that our observable Universe may have originated from a quantum tunneling event out of an eternally inflating false vacuum state is a cornerstone of the multiverse paradigm. Modern theories that are considered as an approach towards the ultraviolet-complete fundamental theory of particles and gravity, such as the various types of string theory, even suggest that a vast landscape of different vacuum configurations exists, and that gravitational tunneling is an important mechanism with which the Universe can explore this landscape. The tunneling scenario also presents a unique framework to address the initial conditions of our observable Universe. In particular, it allows to introduce deviations from the cosmological concordance model in a controlled and well-motivated way. These deviations are a central topic of this work. An important feature in most of the theories mentioned above is the presumed existence of additional space dimensions in excess of the three which we observe in our every-day experience. It was realized that these extra dimensions could avoid our detection if they are compactified to microscopic length scales far beyond the reach of current experiments. There also seem to be natural mechanisms available for dynamical compactification in those theories. These typically lead to a vast landscape of different vacuum configurations which also may differ in the number of macroscopic dimensions, only the total number of dimensions being determined by the theory. Transitions between these vacuum configurations may hence open up new directions which were previously compact, spontaneously compactify some previously macroscopic directions, or otherwise re-arrange the configuration of compact and macroscopic dimensions in a more general way. From within the bubble Universe, such a process may be perceived as an anisotropic background spacetime - intuitively, the dimensions which open up may give rise to preferred directions. If our 3+1 dimensional observable Universe was born in a process as described above, one may expect to find traces of a preferred direction in cosmological observations. For instance, two directions could be curved like on a sphere, while the third space direction is flat. Using a scenario of gravitational tunneling to fix the initial conditions, I show how the primordial signatures in such an anisotropic Universe can be obtained in principle and work out a particular example in more detail. A small deviation from isotropy also has phenomenological consequences for the later evolution of the Universe. I discuss the most important effects and show that backreaction can be dynamically important. In particular, under certain conditions, a buildup of anisotropic stress in different components of the cosmic fluid can lead to a dynamical isotropization of the total stress-energy tensor. The mechanism is again demonstrated with the help of a physical example.},
  subject      = {Kosmologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AdamiDragstedEnigetal.1993,
  author    = {Adami, Hans-Olov and Dragsted, Lars and Enig, Bent and Hansen, Jens and Haraldsd{\´o}ttir, J{\´o}hanna and Hill, Michael J. and Holm, Lars Erik and Knudsen, Ib and Larsen, Jens-Jorgen and Lutz, Werner K. and Osler, Merete and Overvad, Kim and Sabroe, Svend and Sanner, Tore and Strube, Michael and Sorensen, Thorkild I. A. and Thorling, Eivind B.},
  title     = {Report from the working group on diet and cancer.},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-71601},
  year      = {1993},
  abstract  = {No abstract available.},
  subject      = {Krebs <Medizin>},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{AdelAbdelrehimMohamedSoliman2019,
  author    = {Adel Abdelrehim Mohamed Soliman, Hadya},
  title     = {Structural Equation Modeling of Factors Influencing EFL Reading comprehension: Comparative study between Egypt and Germany},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-18695},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-186957},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {In most foreign language learning contexts, there are only rare chance for contact with native speakers of the target language. In such a situation, reading plays an important role in language acquisition as well as in gaining cultural information about the target language and its speakers. Previous research indicated that reading in foreign language is a complex process, which is influenced by various linguistic, cognitive and affective factors. The aim of the present study was to test two structural models of the relationship between reading comprehension in native language (L1), English language (L2) reading motivation, metacognitive awareness of L2 reading strategies, and reading comprehension of English as a foreign language among the two samples. Furthermore, the current study aimed to examine the differences between Egyptian and German students in their perceived usage of reading strategies during reading English texts, as well as to explore the pattern of their motivation toward reading English texts. For this purpose, 401 students were recruited from Germany (n=200) and Egypt (n=201) to participate in the current study. In order to have information about metacognitive awareness of reading strategies, a self-report questionnaire (SORS) developed by Moktari and Sheory (2002) was used. While the L2 reading motivation variable, was measured by a reading motivation survey (L2RMQ) which was based on reviewed reading motivation research. In addition, two reading tests were administrated one to measure reading comprehension for native language (German/Arabic) and the other to measure English reading comprehension. To analyze the collected data, descriptive statistics and independent t-tests were performed. In addition, further analysis using structural equation modeling was applied to test the strength of relationships between the variables under study. The results from the current research revealed that L1 reading comprehension, whether in a German or Arabic language, had the strongest relationship with L2 reading comprehension. However, the relationship between L2 intrinsic reading motivation was not proven to be significant in either the German or Egyptian models. On the other hand, the relationship between L2 extrinsic reading motivation, metacognitive awareness of reading strategies, and L2 reading comprehension was only proven significant in the German sample. The discussion of these results along with their pedagogical implications for education and practice will be illustrated in the following study.},
  subject      = {Leseverstehen},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Adelfinger2012,
  author    = {Adelfinger, Marion},
  title     = {Pr{\"a}klinische Verwendung verschiedener onkolytischer Vaccinia-Viren zur Therapie von Human- und Hundetumoren},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-70688},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Nach Einsch{\"a}tzung der Weltgesundheitsorganisation WHO wird Krebs im Jahr 2013 die weltweit h{\"a}ufigste Todesursache bei Menschen und Haustieren sein. Diese Situation erfordert die Entwicklung neuer therapeutischer Ans{\"a}tze. Hauptziel einer Tumortherapie ist es, sowohl den Prim{\"a}rtumor als auch die Metastasen m{\"o}glichst vollst{\"a}ndig zu entfernen. Dabei wird nach Methoden gesucht, die im Gegensatz zu den meisten gegenw{\"a}rtigen therapeutischen Eins{\"a}tzen, wie der chirurgischen Entfernung b{\"o}sartiger Neubildungen, Chemotherapie und Strahlentherapie, selektiv die b{\"o}sartigen Zellen erkennen und zerst{\"o}ren k{\"o}nnen. Eine faszinierende M{\"o}glichkeit in dieser Hinsicht ist die Verwendung von onkolytischen Viren, die die F{\"a}higkeit besitzen, sich selektiv sowohl in Prim{\"a}rtumoren als auch in Metastasen anzusiedeln und die Krebszellen dort zu zerst{\"o}ren. Das Konzept, dass Viren n{\"u}tzlich f{\"u}r die Bek{\"a}mpfung von Krebs sein k{\"o}nnten, ist nicht neu. Allerdings konnte erst in den letzten Jahren durch zahlreiche Studien best{\"a}tigt werden, dass verschiedene Viren in der Lage sind, eine signifikante Antitumorwirkung in vivo auszu{\"u}ben. Zu den erfolgversprechenden onkolytischen Viren z{\"a}hlen insbesondere Adenovirus, Herpes simplex Virus, Reovirus und Vaccinia-Virus, die sich bereits in Phase III der klinischen Studien befinden oder kurz davor sind. Die therapeutische Nutzung von tumorspezifischen onkolytischen Viren beim Menschen hat bereits begonnen. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Doktorarbeit wurden verschiedene Aspekte der Wirkungsweise von Vaccinia-Virus-St{\"a}mmen bei der Therapie verschiedener Tumore aus Mensch und Hund im Xenotransplantat-Mausmodell bearbeitet: die Onkolyse der Krebszellen und Inhibition des Tumorwachstums sowie die Effekte der Virusinfektion auf das Tumormikromilieu und die Mitwirkung des angeborenen Immunsystems bei der Virotherapie. Das Tumormikromilieu (Stroma) setzt sich aus einer Vielzahl verschiedener Zellen und Komponenten der extrazellul{\"a}ren Matrix zusammen. Die Krebszellen bilden unter anderem mit Endothelzellen des Blut- und Lymphsystems und verschiedenen Immunzellen eine komplexe Organ-{\"a}hnliche Struktur. Weitere wichtige Bestandteile des Stromas sind Wachstumsfaktoren, Chemokine und Zytokine und die Tumorvaskulatur. Diese ist durch zahlreiche strukturelle und funktionelle Abnormalit{\"a}ten charakterisiert, wodurch die Effektivit{\"a}t von Strahlen- und Chemotherapie herabgesetzt wird. Weiterhin ist das Tumormikromilieu durch seine {\"A}hnlichkeit mit einer chronischen Entz{\"u}ndungsreaktion gekennzeichnet und wirkt immunsupprimierend auf rekrutierte Leukozyten, die wiederum die Inflammation verst{\"a}rken und die Angiogenese und das Tumorwachstum weiter f{\"o}rdern. Aufgrund dieser vielen Komponenten ist die Zusammensetzung jedes Tumors einzigartig, weswegen Standardtherapien h{\"a}ufig nicht zu einer Heilung f{\"u}hren. Die Wirkung der Viren bei der Virotherapie beruht vermutlich auf 4 Mechanismen, die einzeln oder in Kombination auftreten k{\"o}nnen: die direkte Onkolyse der Krebszellen, die Zerst{\"o}rung des Tumorblutgef{\"a}ßsystems, die Aktivierung des Immunsystems des Wirts und die Suppression der microRNA-Expression des Wirtes. Zus{\"a}tzlich kann die Expression therapeutischer Gene die onkolytische Wirkung verst{\"a}rken. Zum Nachweis der Onkolyse der Krebszellen und Inhibition des Tumorwachstums wurde zuerst das Virus GLV-1h68 in einem autologen humanen Melanomzellpaar, 888-MEL und 1936-MEL, eingesetzt. Das GLV-1h68-Virus wurde auf Basis des Wildtyp Vaccinia-Virus LIVP durch die Insertion von 3 Expressionskassetten in den drei Genloci F14.5L, J2R und A56 genetisch konstruiert. 888-MEL, eine zu einem fr{\"u}hen Zeitpunkt der Krebserkrankung aus einer Metastase isolierte Zelllinie, zeigt nach Infektion mit GLV-1h68 im Mausmodell Tumornekrose („Responder"), w{\"a}hrend 1936-MEL aus einer sp{\"a}ten Metastasierungsphase kaum mit Onkolyse auf eine Virusinfektion reagiert („Poor-Responder"). Die onkolytische Wirkung konnte mittels Durchflusszytometrie in Tumoren beider Zelllinien zu einem fr{\"u}hen Zeitpunkt nach Virusinfektion nachgewiesen werden. In 888-MEL-Tumoren wurde hierbei eine große Zahl infizierter und toter Zellen nach Virusinfektion gefunden. Gleichzeitig wurde eine hohe Zahl an Immunzellen detektiert, die nach Virusinfektion reduziert war. In den schw{\"a}cher reagierenden 1936-MEL-Tumoren konnte eine Onkolyse bei Infektion mit h{\"o}herer Virusmenge und zu einem fr{\"u}heren Zeitpunkt demonstriert werden, wodurch mehr Zellen infiziert wurden. Zus{\"a}tzlich wurde eine Steigerung der nur in geringer Zahl vorhandenen Immunzellen nachgewiesen. Trotz des unterschiedlichen Tumormikromilieus konnte somit ein onkolytischer Effekt in beiden Tumormodellen erzielt werden. ...},
  subject      = {Vaccinia-Virus},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{AdelfingerBesslerCeciletal.2015,
  author    = {Adelfinger, Marion and Bessler, Simon and Cecil, Alexander and Langbein-Laugwitz, Johanna and Frentzen, Alexa and Gentschev, Ivaylo and Szalay, Aladar A.},
  title     = {Preclinical Testing Oncolytic Vaccinia Virus Strain GLV-5b451 Expressing an Anti-VEGF Single-Chain Antibody for Canine Cancer Therapy},
  series = {Viruses},
  volume    = {7},
  journal   = {Viruses},
  doi       = {10.3390/v7072811},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-125705},
  pages     = {4075-4092},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {Virotherapy on the basis of oncolytic vaccinia virus (VACV) strains is a novel approach for canine cancer therapy. Here we describe, for the first time, the characterization and the use of VACV strain GLV-5b451 expressing the anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) single-chain antibody (scAb) GLAF-2 as therapeutic agent against different canine cancers. Cell culture data demonstrated that GLV-5b451 efficiently infected and destroyed all four tested canine cancer cell lines including: mammary carcinoma (MTH52c), mammary adenoma (ZMTH3), prostate carcinoma (CT1258), and soft tissue sarcoma (STSA-1). The GLV-5b451 virus-mediated production of GLAF-2 antibody was observed in all four cancer cell lines. In addition, this antibody specifically recognized canine VEGF. Finally, in canine soft tissue sarcoma (CSTS) xenografted mice, a single systemic administration of GLV-5b451 was found to be safe and led to anti-tumor effects resulting in the significant reduction and substantial long-term inhibition of tumor growth. A CD31-based immuno-staining showed significantly decreased neo-angiogenesis in GLV-5b451-treated tumors compared to the controls. In summary, these findings indicate that GLV-5b451 has potential for use as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of CSTS.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AdelfingerGentschevdeGuibertetal.2014,
  author    = {Adelfinger, Marion and Gentschev, Ivaylo and de Guibert, Julio Grimm and Weibel, Stephanie and Langbein-Laugwitz, Johanna and H{\"a}rtl, Barbara and Escobar, Hugo Murua and Nolte, Ingo and Chen, Nanhai G. and Aguilar, Richard J. and Yu, Yong A. and Zhang, Qian and Frentzen, Alexa and Szalay, Aladar A.},
  title     = {Evaluation of a New Recombinant Oncolytic Vaccinia Virus Strain GLV-5b451 for Feline Mammary Carcinoma Therapy},
  series = {PLoS ONE},
  volume    = {9},
  journal   = {PLoS ONE},
  number    = {8},
  doi       = {10.1371/journal.pone.0104337},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-119387},
  pages     = {e104337},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Virotherapy on the basis of oncolytic vaccinia virus (VACV) infection is a promising approach for cancer therapy. In this study we describe the establishment of a new preclinical model of feline mammary carcinoma (FMC) using a recently established cancer cell line, DT09/06. In addition, we evaluated a recombinant vaccinia virus strain, GLV-5b451, expressing the anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) single-chain antibody (scAb) GLAF-2 as an oncolytic agent against FMC. Cell culture data demonstrate that GLV-5b451 virus efficiently infected, replicated in and destroyed DT09/06 cancer cells. In the selected xenografts of FMC, a single systemic administration of GLV-5b451 led to significant inhibition of tumor growth in comparison to untreated tumor-bearing mice. Furthermore, tumor-specific virus infection led to overproduction of functional scAb GLAF-2, which caused drastic reduction of intratumoral VEGF levels and inhibition of angiogenesis. In summary, here we have shown, for the first time, that the vaccinia virus strains and especially GLV-5b451 have great potential for effective treatment of FMC in animal model.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Adelhardt2007,
  author    = {Adelhardt, Melanie},
  title     = {Einfluß der Dialysetherapie auf den Genomschaden von Nierenpatienten in einer prospektiven Studie},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-23123},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2007},
  abstract  = {Patienten mit terminaler Niereninsuffizienz haben im Vergleich zur Normalbev{\"o}lkerung eine deutlich erh{\"o}hte Inzidenz maligner Erkrankungen. Fr{\"u}here Untersuchungen zeigten, dass periphere Blutlymphozyten dieser Patienten einen h{\"o}heren genetischen Schaden aufweisen, wodurch das Risiko einer malignen Entartung steigt. In dieser Arbeit wurde der genetische Schaden mithilfe zweier Testverfahren, Comet Assay und Mikrokerntest, untersucht. Es handelte sich um eine prospektive Studie mit zwei Patientenkollektiven. Die erste Gruppe bestand aus Patienten, die aufgrund einer terminalen Niereninsuffizienz innerhalb der n{\"a}chsten Monate eine Dialysetherapie mittels konventioneller H{\"a}modialyse beginnen mußten. Die zweite Gruppe bildeten Dialysepatienten, die im Verlauf von konventioneller Dialyse auf H{\"a}modiafiltration umgestellt wurden. Bei allen Patienten wurde der genetische Schaden der peripheren Blutlymphozyten in den Monaten vor und nach Therapiebeginn bzw. Therapieumstellung regelm{\"a}ßig untersucht. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass 4 der 10 Pr{\"a}dialysepatienten nach Beginn der Dialyse einen niedrigeren genetischen Schaden hatten, 2 Patienten hatten unterschiedliche Werte in Comet Assay und Mikrokerntest und bei 2 Patienten ergab sich im Verlauf eine h{\"o}here DNA-Sch{\"a}digung. Die verbliebenen 2 Patienten mußten aufgrund einer konstant bleibenden Niereninsuffizienz nicht mit der Dialysetherapie beginnen. Bei Zusammenfassung aller Einzelwerte zeigte sich, dass das Kollektiv der Pr{\"a}dialysepatienten insgesamt vom Beginn der Behandlung profitiert hat. In der Gruppe der Dialysepatienten hatte 2 von 7 Patienten nach Umstellung auf H{\"a}modiafiltration eine geringere DNA-Sch{\"a}digung, 2 Patienten zeigten unterschiedliche Ergebnisse im Comet Assay und Mikrokerntest und 2 weitere Patienten wiesen eine h{\"o}heren genetischen Schaden in den Lymphozyten auf. Ein Patient konnte bei fehlenden Vorwerten nicht ber{\"u}cksichtigt werden. Im Gruppenvergleich zeigte sich f{\"u}r alle Dialysepatienten ein gleichbleibender DNA-Schaden, gemessen mithilfe des Comet Assays bei leicht erh{\"o}hten Mikrokernraten. Jedoch hatte sich die Zellproliferation ebenfalls etwas verbessert. Zusammenfassend ergibt sich somit in beiden Gruppen kein eindeutiges Ergebnis, woraus neue Therapieempfehlungen f{\"u}r Patienten mit terminaler Niereninsuffizienz abzuleiten w{\"a}ren. Um weiter Einflußvariablen auf die H{\"o}he des genetischen Schadens festzustellen, sind weiter Untersuchungen mit gr{\"o}ßeren Patientenkollektiven erforderlich.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{AdemmerHornQuast2022,
  author    = {Ademmer, Martin and Horn, Wolfram and Quast, Josefine},
  title     = {Stock market dynamics and the relative importance of domestic, foreign, and common shocks},
  series = {International Journal of Finance \& Economics},
  volume    = {27},
  journal   = {International Journal of Finance \& Economics},
  number    = {4},
  doi       = {10.1002/ijfe.2194},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-225729},
  pages     = {3911 -- 3923},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {We quantify the contemporaneous relationships among stock markets in the euro area, the United States, and a group of emerging economies over the period from 2008 to 2017. Exploiting the heteroskedasticity in the stock market data, we identify shocks that originated in the respective domestic markets and shocks that are common to all markets. Our results underline the leading role of the United States in international equity markets, but also point to the importance of indirect spillovers for all economies. Variance decompositions show that while domestic shocks explain the bigger part of the variation in each stock market, a substantial part of the variation in the euro area and the emerging economies can be attributed to foreign shocks. A comparison with a sample covering the pre-crisis period from 1999 to 2007 suggests a strengthening of the linkages among global stock markets in recent years. In particular, the spillovers from advanced to emerging economies have become more pronounced.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Adenugba2021,
  author    = {Adenugba, Akinbami Raphael},
  title     = {Functional analysis of the gene organization of the pneumoviral attachment protein G},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-12814},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-128146},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {The putative attachment protein G of pneumonia virus of mice (PVM), a member of the Pneumoviruses, is an important virulence factor with so far ambiguous function in a virus-cell as well as in virus-host context. The sequence of the corresponding G gene is characterized by significant heterogeneity between and even within strains, affecting the gene and possibly the protein structure. This accounts in particular for the PVM strain J3666 for which two differing G gene organizations have been described: a polymorphism in nucleotide 65 of the G gene results in the presence of an upstream open reading frame (uORF) that precedes the main ORF in frame (GJ366665A) or extension of the major G ORF for 18 codons (GJ366665U). Therefore, this study was designed to analyse the impact of the sequence variations in the respective G genes of PVM strains J3666 and the reference strain 15 on protein expression, replication and virulence. First, the controversy regarding the consensus sequence of PVM J3666 was resolved. The analysis of 45 distinct cloned fragments showed that the strain separated into two distinct virus populations defined by the sequence and structure of the G gene. This division was further supported by nucleotide polymorphisms in the neighbouring M and SH genes. Sequential passage of this mixed strain in the cell line standardly used for propagation of virus stocks resulted in selection for the GJ366665A-containing population in one of two experiments pointing towards a moderate replicative advantage. The replacement of the G gene of the recombinant PVM 15 with GJ366665A or GJ366665U, respectively, using a reverse genetic approach indicated that the presence of uORF within the GJ366665A significantly reduced the expression of the main G ORF on translational level while the potential extension of the ORF in GJ366665U increased G protein expression. In comparison, the effect of the G gene-structure on virus replication was inconsistent and dependent on cell line and type. While the presence of uORF correlated with a replication advantage in the standardly used BHK-21 cells and primary murine embryonic fibroblasts, replication in the murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 did not. In comparison, the GJ366665U variant was not associated with any effect on replication in cultured cells at all. Nonetheless, in-vivo analysis of the recombinant viruses associated the GJ366665U gene variant, and hence an increased G expression, with higher virulence whereas the GJ366665A gene, and therefore an impaired G expression, conferred an attenuated phenotype to the virus. To extend the study to other G gene organizations, a recombinant PVM expressing a G protein without the cytoplasmic domain and for comparison a G-deletion mutant, both known to be attenuated in vivo, were studied. Not noticed before, this structure of the G gene was associated with a 75\% reduction in G protein expression and a significant attenuation of replication in macrophage-like cells. This attenuation was even more prominent for the virus lacking G. Taking into consideration the higher reduction in G protein levels compared to the GJ366665A variant indicates that a threshold amount of G is required for efficient replication in these cells. In conclusion, the results gathered indicated that the expression levels of the G protein were modulated by the sequence of the 5' untranslated region of the gene. At the same time the G protein levels modulated the virulence of PVM.},
  subject      = {G glycoprotein},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AdeyemoSiren1992,
  author    = {Adeyemo, M. and Sir{\´e}n, Anna-Leena},
  title     = {Cardio-respiratory changes and mortality in the conscious rat induced by (+)- and (±)- anatoxin-a},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-63027},
  year      = {1992},
  abstract  = {0. M. ADEYEMO and A.-L. SIREN. Cardio-respiratory changes and mortality in the conscious rat induced by ( + )- and ( ± )-anatoxin-a. Toxicon 30, 899-905, 1992.-Anatoxin-a (AnTx-a) isapotent nicotinic cholinergic receptor agonist. The relative potencies of the ( + )-AnTx-a and the racemic mixture ( ± )-AnTxa were investigated in the conscious rat by comparing their effects on mean arterial blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), blood oxygen and carbon dioxide pressures (p02 and pC02, respective1y), acid-base balance (pH) and mortality. The present experiments show that while both forms of AnTx-a produce dose-dependent increases in BP and decreases in HR, ( + )-AnTx-a is about IO-fo1d morepotent than the optically inactive isomer. ( + )-AnTx-a was also 6-fo1d more potent than ( ± )-AnTx-a in produclog severe hypoxemia, and more than 4-fold as potent as the (±}-AnTx-a in producing significant hypercapnia accompanied with severe acidosis. The approximate median Iethai dose (Ln so) of ( + )-AnTx-a was about 5-fold less than that of ( ± )-AnTx-a. We conclude that ( + )-AnTx-a is more potent than the ( ± )-AnTx-a racemic mixture in causing detrimental cardio-respiratory changes and therefore increased mortality in the rat.},
  subject      = {Neurobiologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AdeyemoShapiraTombaccinietal.1991,
  author    = {Adeyemo, O. M. and Shapira, S. and Tombaccini, D. and Pollard, H. and Feuerstein, G. and Sir{\´e}n, Anna-Leena},
  title     = {A goldfish model for evaluation of the neurotoxicit of \(\omega\)-conotoxin GVIA and screening of monoclonal antibodies},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-63087},
  year      = {1991},
  abstract  = {A Goldfish Model for Evaluation of the Neurotaxicity of \(\omega\)-Conotoxin GVI A and Screening of Monoclonal Antibodies. ADEYEMO, 0. M .. SHAPIRA, S., TOMBACCINI, D., POLLARD, H. 8 .• FEUERSTEIN, G .. AND SIREN, A-L. ( 1991 ). Toxicol. App/. Pharmaco/. 108, 489-496. The neurotoxicity of \(\omega\)-conotoxin (\(\omega\)-CgTx), a potent neuronal voltage-sensitive calcium channel blocker, was measured using a new bioassay. \(\omega\)-CgTx was administered intraperitoneally (ip) to goldfish weighing approximately 1.6 g, and dose-related changes were observed over a 2-hr period. \(\omega\)CgTx induced time- and dose-dependent abnormal swimming behavior (ASB) and mortality. The antitoxin activity of the antiborlies was investigated in vivo by either ( l) preincubation of the antibody with w-CgTx at 4°C overnight, or (2) pretreatment with antibody, 30 min before \(\omega\)CgTx injection in a 10:1 antibody/\(\omega\)-CgTx molar ratio. The LD50 dose of \(\omega\)-CgTx in goldfish was 5 nmol/kg ip, and preincubation of monoclonal antibody (50 nmol/kg ip) with \(\omega\)-CgTx (5 nmol/kg ip) significantly (p < 0.05) reduced mortality. ASB, and toxicity time. The antitoxin activity of the monoclonal antiborlies evidenced in the goldfish bioassay was further tested in the conscious rat. In the rat, the increases in mean arterial pressure and heart rate induced by \(\omega\)-CgTx (0.03 nmol/rat icv) were significantly (p < 0.02 and p < 0.0 l, respectively) attenuated by preincubation of the toxin with the antibody (0.3 nmol/rat). We conclude that the goldfish bioassay provides a simple. accurate, and inexpensive in vivo model for the study of the toxicity of \(\omega\)CgTx},
  subject      = {Neurobiologie},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Adhikari2024,
  author    = {Adhikari, Bikash},
  title     = {Targeted degradation of Myc-interacting oncoproteins},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-31732},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-317326},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2024},
  abstract  = {The hallmark oncoprotein Myc is a major driver of tumorigenesis in various human cancer entities. However, Myc's structural features make it challenging to develop small molecules against it. A promising strategy to indirectly inhibit the function of Myc is by targeting its interactors. Many Myc-interacting proteins have reported scaffolding functions which are difficult to target using conventional occupancy- driven inhibitors. Thus, in this thesis, the proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) approach was used to target two oncoproteins interacting with Myc which promote the oncogenicity of Myc, Aurora-A and WDR5. PROTACs are bifunctional small molecules that bind to the target protein with one ligand and recruit a cellular E3- ligase with the other ligand to induce target degradation via the ubiquitin- proteasome system. So far, the most widely used E3-ligases for PROTAC development are Cereblon (CRBN) and von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor (VHL). Furthermore, there are cases of incompatibility between some E3-ligases and proteins to bring about degradation. Hence there is a need to explore new E3- ligases and a demand for a tool to predict degradative E3-ligases for the target protein in the PROTAC field. In the first part, a highly specific mitotic kinase Aurora-A degrader, JB170, was developed. This compound utilized Aurora-A inhibitor alisertib as the target ligand and thalidomide as the E3-ligase CRBN harness. The specificity of JB170 and the ternary complex formation was supported by the interactions between Aurora-A and CRBN. The PROTAC-mediated degradation of Aurora-A induced a distinct S- phase defect rather than mitotic arrest, shown by its catalytic inhibition. The finding demonstrates that Aurora-A has a non-catalytic role in the S-phase. Furthermore, the degradation of Aurora-A led to apoptosis in various cancer cell lines. In the second part, two different series of WDR5 PROTACs based on two protein- protein inhibitors of WDR5 were evaluated. The most efficient degraders from both series recruited VHL as a E3-ligase and showed partial degradation of WDR5. In addition, the degradation efficiency of the PROTACs was significantly affected by the linker nature and length, highlighting the importance of linker length and composition in PROTAC design. The degraders showed modest proliferation defects at best in cancer cell lines. However, overexpression of VHL increased the degradation efficiency and the antiproliferative effect of the PROTACs. In the last part, a rapamycin-based assay was developed to predict the degradative E3-ligase for a target. The assay was validated using the WDR5/VHL and Aurora- A/CRBN pairs. The result that WDR5 is degraded by VHL but not CRBN and Aurora-A is degraded by CRBN, matches observations made with PROTACs. This technique will be used in the future to find effective tissue-specific and essential E3-ligases for targeted degradation of oncoproteins using PROTACs. Collectively, the work presented here provides a strategy to improve PROTAC development and a starting point for developing Aurora-A and WDR5 PROTACs for cancer therapy.},
  subject      = {Degradation},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Adler2021,
  author    = {Adler, Florian Rudolf},
  title     = {Electronic Correlations in Two-dimensional Triangular Adatom Lattices},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-24175},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-241758},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Two-dimensional triangular lattices of group IV adatoms on semiconductor substrates provide a rich playground for the investigation of Mott-Hubbard physics. The possibility to combine various types of adatoms and substrates makes members of this material class versatile model systems to study the influence of correlation strength, band filling and spin-orbit coupling on the electronic structure - both experimentally and with dedicated many-body calculation techniques. The latter predict exotic ground states such as chiral superconductivity or spin liquid behavior for these frustrated lattices, however, experimental confirmation is still lacking. In this work, three different systems, namely the \(\alpha\)-phases of Sn/SiC(0001), Pb/Si(111), and potassium-doped Sn/Si(111) are investigated with scanning tunneling microscopy and photoemission spectroscopy in this regard. The results are potentially relevant for spintronic applications or quantum computing. For the novel group IV triangular lattice Sn/SiC(0001), a combined experimental and theoretical study reveals that the system features surprisingly strong electronic correlations because they are boosted by the substrate through its partly ionic character and weak screening capabilities. Interestingly, the spectral function, measured for the first time via angle-resolved photoemission, does not show any additional superstructure beyond the intrinsic \(\sqrt{3} \times \sqrt{3} R30^{\circ}\) reconstruction, thereby raising curiosity regarding the ground-state spin pattern. For Pb/Si(111), preceding studies have noted a phase transition of the surface reconstruction from \(\sqrt{3} \times \sqrt{3} R30^{\circ}\) to \(3 \times 3\) at 86 K. In this thesis, investigations of the low-temperature phase with high-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy unveil the formation of a charge-ordered ground state. It is disentangled from a concomitant structural rearrangement which is found to be 2-up/1-down, in contrast to previous predictions. Applying an extended variational cluster approach, a phase diagram of local and nonlocal Coulomb interactions is mapped out. Based on a comparison of theoretical spectral functions with scattering vectors found via quasiparticle interference, Pb/Si(111) is placed in said phase diagram and electronic correlations are found to be the driving force of the charge-ordered state. In order to realize a doped Mott insulator in a frustrated geometry, potassium was evaporated onto the well-known correlated Sn/Si(111) system. Instead of the expected insulator-to-metal transition, scanning tunneling spectroscopy data indicates that the electronic structure of Sn/Si(111) is only affected locally around potassium atoms while a metallization is suppressed. The potassium atoms were found to be adsorbed on empty \(T_4\) sites of the substrate which eventually leads to the formation of two types of K-Sn alloys with a relative potassium content of 1/3 and 1/2, respectively. Complementary measurements of the spectral function via angle-resolved photoemission reveal that the lower Hubbard band of Sn/Si(111) gradually changes its shape upon potassium deposition. Once the tin and potassium portion on the surface are equal, this evolution is complete and the system can be described as a band insulator without the need to include Coulomb interactions.},
  subject      = {Rastertunnelmikroskopie},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Adler2012,
  author    = {Adler, Melanie},
  title     = {New approaches to improve prediction of drug-induced liver injury},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-69512},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Das h{\"a}ufige Scheitern neuer Arzneistoffkandidaten aufgrund von Lebertoxizit{\"a}t in pr{\"a}klinischen und klinischen Studien stellt ein erhebliches Problem in der Entwicklung von neuen Arzneimitteln dar. Deshalb ist es wichtig, neue Ans{\"a}tze zu entwickeln, mit deren Hilfe unerw{\"u}nschte Wirkungen von Arzneimitteln fr{\"u}her und zuverl{\"a}ssiger erkannt werden k{\"o}nnen. Um die Vorhersage von Lebertoxizit{\"a}t in pr{\"a}klinischen Studien zu verbessern, wurden im Rahmen dieser Arbeit zwei wesentliche Ans{\"a}tze gew{\"a}hlt: 1) die Evaluierung neuer Biomarker, durch die Lebertoxizit{\"a}t zuverl{\"a}ssiger und empfindlicher detektiert werden k{\"o}nnte und 2.) wirkmechanistische Untersuchungen mittels Toxcicogenomics f{\"u}r ein besseres Verst{\"a}ndnis der zugrunde liegenden Mechanismen der Arzneimittel-induzierten Toxizit{\"a}t. Ein Ziel dieser Arbeit war, die F{\"a}higkeit einiger neuer potenzieller Biomarker (NGAL, Thiostatin, Clusterin und PON1) zu bewerten, Arzmeimittel-induzierte Lebertoxizit{\"a}t in Ratten fr{\"u}hzeitig zu erkennen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass PON1 und Clusterin infolge eines durch die verabreichten Arzneistoffkandidaten verursachten Leberschadens nicht konsistent ver{\"a}ndert waren. Diese beiden Marker sind daher, verglichen mit bestehenden klinisch-chemischen Markern, nicht f{\"u}r eine sichere Vorhersage von Arzneistoff-induzierten Lebersch{\"a}den geeignet. Bei Thiostatin und NGAL zeigte sich hingegen ein zeit- und dosisabh{\"a}ngiger Anstieg im Serum und Urin behandelter Tiere. Diese Ver{\"a}nderungen, die gut mit der mRNA Expression im Zielorgan {\"u}bereinstimmten, korrelierten mit dem Schweregrad der Arzneistoff-induzierten Lebersch{\"a}den. Die Analyse mittels ROC zeigte, Thiostatin im Serum, nicht aber NGAL, ein besserer Indikator f{\"u}r Arzneimittel-induzierte hepatobili{\"a}re Sch{\"a}den ist als die routinem{\"a}ßig verwendeten klinische-chemischen Marker, wie z.B. die Leberenzyme ALP, ALT und AST. Thiostatin wird jedoch als Akute-Phase-Protein in einer Vielzahl von Geweben exprimiert und kann somit nicht spezifisch als Lebermarker betrachtet werden. Dennoch zeigen unsere Ergebnisse, dass Thiostatin als sensitiver, minimal-invasiver diagnostischer Marker f{\"u}r Entz{\"u}ndungsprozesse und Gewebesch{\"a}den eine sinnvolle Erg{\"a}nzung in der pr{\"a}klinischen Testung auf Lebertoxizit{\"a}t darstellt. Im zweiten Teil dieser Arbeit wurde mittels RNA-Interferenz das pharmakologische Target des Arzneistoffkandidaten BAY16, der Glukagonrezeptor, auf mRNA-Ebene gehemmt und anhand von Genexpressionsanalysen untersucht, ob die pharmakologisch-bedingte Modulation des Glukagonrezeptors eine Rolle in der Toxizit{\"a}t von BAY16 spielt. Desweiteren sollten diese Arbeiten Aufschluss geben, welche molekularen Ver{\"a}nderungen auf die pharmakologische Wirkung des Arzneistoffs zur{\"u}ckzuf{\"u}hren sind, und daher f{\"u}r den Mechanismus der Toxizit{\"a}t m{\"o}glicherweise wenig relevant sind. W{\"a}hrend BAY16 in Konzentrationen von 75 µM starke zytotoxische Wirkungen aufwies, hatte die siRNA vermittelte Depletion des Glukagonrezeptors keinen Einfluss auf die Vitalit{\"a}t prim{\"a}rer Rattenhepatozyten. Daraus l{\"a}sst sich ableiten, dass die Hepatotoxizi{\"a}t von BAY16 in vitro und in vivo nicht mit der pharmakologischen Modulation des Glukagonrezeptors assoziiert ist. Diese Ergebnisse wurden durch die Tatsache gest{\"u}tzt, dass die meisten der durch BAY16 induzierten Genexpressionsver{\"a}nderungen unabh{\"a}ngig von der pharmakologischen Modulation des Glucagonrezeptors auftraten. Diese beobachteten off-target-Effekte beinhalteten Ver{\"a}nderungen im Fremdstoffmetabolismus, oxidativer Stress, erh{\"o}hte Fetts{\"a}uresynthese und Ver{\"a}nderungen im Cholesterol- und Gallens{\"a}uremetabolismus. Obwohl Ver{\"a}nderungen in diesen molekularen Mechanismen zum Fortschreiten eines Leberschadens beitragen k{\"o}nnen, ist es anhand dieser Daten nicht m{\"o}glich einen eindeutigen Mechanismus f{\"u}r die Toxizit{\"a}t von BAY16 abzuleiten. In dieser Arbeit konnte jedoch gezeigt werden, dass die Anwendung der siRNA-Technologie einen neuen methodischen Ansatz darstellt, um Mechanismen arzneimittelbedingter Toxizit{\"a}t besser verstehen zu k{\"o}nnen.},
  subject      = {Biomarker},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Adler2022,
  author    = {Adler, Philipp},
  title     = {Erfolgsrate wurzelkanalgef{\"u}llter Z{\"a}hne in Abh{\"a}ngigkeit von der Obturationstechnik: Adh{\"a}sive Obturation mit Continuous-Wave-Technik versus Single-Cone-Obturation mit silikonbasiertem oder epoxidharzbasiertem Sealer},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-27815},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-278158},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Bei der vorliegenden Arbeit handelt es sich um eine klinische und radiologische Nachuntersuchung von insgesamt 114 Patientinnen und Patienten, die zwischen 2009 und 2012 in der Poliklinik f{\"u}r Zahnerhaltung und Parodontologie der Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg von approbierten Zahn{\"a}rztinnen und Zahn{\"a}rzten endodontisch behandelt wurden. Dabei kamen drei verschiedene Obturationsmethoden zum Einsatz. 1. Single-Cone-Technik mit Guttapercha und AH Plus® (SCGP) 2. Single-Cone-Technik mit Guttapercha und GuttaFlow® (SCGF) 3. Adh{\"a}sive Obturation in Continuous-Wave-Technik mit Resilon® (CWR) Die Erhebung der Ausgangsvariablen (zum Behandlungszeitpunkt) erfolgte retrospektiv unter Zuhilfenahme der klinischen und radiologischen Dokumentation. Die Reevaluation des periapikalen Zustands der Z{\"a}hne und die Erhebung weiterer klinischer Parameter erfolgte im Rahmen eines aktiven Patientenrecalls nach durchschnittlich 6,3 Jahren. Dabei wurden mit m{\"o}glichst hoher Standardisierung postoperative Einzelzahnaufnah-men angefertigt. Diese wurden anhand der PAI-Klassifikation ausgewertet, um den pe-riapikalen Zustand der Z{\"a}hne vor und nach Therapie zu bestimmen. PAI-Werte von 1 und 2 galten als Behandlungserfolg, Grad 3 bis 5 als Misserfolg. Im Hinblick auf die de-finierten Arbeitshypothesen wurden die Erfolgsraten innerhalb der Kohorten miteinander verglichen. Das vorrangige Ziel der hier vorliegenden Arbeit war, zu untersuchen, ob der endodontische Behandlungserfolg abh{\"a}ngig von der jeweiligen Obturationsmethode ist und ob technikspezifische Unterschiede sich einerseits auf die Qualit{\"a}t der Obturation und andererseits auf das Auftreten m{\"o}glicher Komplikationen, wie der periapikalen Extrusion von Wurzelf{\"u}llmaterial, auswirken. Ferner sollten diese Aspekte neben weite-ren zahn- und patientenbezogenen Variablen bez{\"u}glich ihres Einflusses auf die Erfolgs-rate der endodontischen Therapie analysiert werden. Es konnten keine signifikanten Unterschiede der endodontischen Erfolgsraten zwischen den hier untersuchten Obturationsmethoden ermittelt werden (p = ,16). In der SCGP-Kohorte lag die Erfolgsrate bei 85 \% (34/40) verglichen mit 68,8 \% (44/64) f{\"u}r CWR und 80 \% (8/10) f{\"u}r SCGF. Die Homogenit{\"a}t der Obturation (p = ,2) und die Extrusion von Wurzelf{\"u}llmaterial in das periapikale Gewebe (p = ,93) zeigten keine Abh{\"a}ngigkeit von der gew{\"a}hlten Obturationstechnik. Die L{\"a}nge der Wurzelkanalf{\"u}llung hingegen unter-schied sich signifikant zwischen den Kohorten (p = ,04*). Die Obturation mittels SCGP-Technik erzielte den h{\"o}chsten Anteil ad{\"a}quater Wurzelkanalf{\"u}llungen (92,5 \%, 37/40) gegen{\"u}ber SCGF (80 \%, 8/10) und CWR (71,88 \%, 46/64). Die CWR-Methode zeigte mit 18,8 \% (12/64) den h{\"o}chsten Anteil an unterf{\"u}llten Obturationen (SCGP: 7,5 \%, 3/40; SCGF: 0 \%). Unabh{\"a}ngig von der Obturationsmethodik zeigte sich der endodontische Behandlungs-erfolg im Allgemeinen unbeeinflusst von der Qualit{\"a}t der Wurzelkanalf{\"u}llungen. Die Va-riablen Obturationsl{\"a}nge (p = ,12) und -homogenit{\"a}t (p = ,11) sowie die Extrusion von Wurzelf{\"u}llmaterial in die periapikale Region (p = 1,00) zeigten keinen signifikanten Ein-fluss auf die Erfolgsrate. Das Durchschnittsalter im Patientenkollektiv betrug 60 Jahre mit einer tendenziellen {\"U}berrepr{\"a}sentation weiblicher Probandinnen (60,5 \%, 69/114). 73 \% (81/111, 3 Mis-sings) der Studienteilnehmer/-innen wurden ab einem PSI-Grad von 3 als parodontal erkrankt eingestuft und 23,7 \% (27/114) zeigten eine positive Raucheranamnese. Der BMI betrug im Durchschnitt 26,3 kg/m2. 42,3 \% (47/111, 3 Missings) der Studienteil-nehmer/-innen wurden anhand der Einnahme von Medikamenten zur Therapie bzw. Pr{\"a}vention von kardiovaskul{\"a}ren Erkrankungen und/oder oraler Antidiabetika als chro-nisch erkrankt klassifiziert (chronic disease medication, CDM). Das Recallintervall be-trug durchschnittlich 6,3 Jahre mit einem Minimum von 4,7 und einem Maximum von 8,7 Jahren. Die patientenbezogenen Variablen Alter (p = ,45), Geschlecht (p = ,67), Pa-rodontitis (p = ,08), BMI (p = ,58), CDM (p = ,19), Recallintervall (p = ,08) und Rauchen (p = ,34) zeigten keinen signifikanten Einfluss auf den endodontischen Behandlungser-folg. Unter den zahnbezogenen Variablen beeinflusste lediglich der pr{\"a}operative apikale Sta-tus den endodontischen Erfolg signifikant (p = ,007*). Z{\"a}hne mit pr{\"a}operativer apikaler L{\"a}sion zeigten eine Erfolgsrate von 66,2 \% (47/71) gegen{\"u}ber 90,7 \% (n = 39/43) bei F{\"a}llen ohne apikale L{\"a}sion. Die Misserfolgswahrscheinlichkeit bei Vorliegen einer pr{\"a}operativen L{\"a}sion war um den Faktor 4,98 erh{\"o}ht (OR = 4,98, 95 \% KI: 1.60, 15,57, p = ,006*). Zwischen Kompositf{\"u}llungen, Teilkronen, Vollkronen, Teleskopkronen und Br{\"u}ckenversorgungen konnten keine relevanten Unterschiede in den Erfolgsraten er-mittelt werden (p = ,29). Gleiches galt f{\"u}r ad{\"a}quate (76,6 \%, 82/107) und inad{\"a}quate (57,1 \%, 4/7) Restaurationen (p = ,36). Ebenso zeigten die Erfolgsraten von Wurzelka-nalrevisionen (70,5 \%, 31/44) und Prim{\"a}rbehandlungen (78,6 \%, 55/70) keine signifikan-ten Abweichungen voneinander (p = ,45). Molaren waren im Studienkollektiv mit 56,1 \% (64/114) gegen{\"u}ber Pr{\"a}molaren und Frontz{\"a}hnen mit je 21,9 \% (25/114) {\"u}berrepr{\"a}sen-tiert. Der Zahntyp (p = ,07) und die Ausgangsdiagnose (p = ,22) stellten keine relevanten Einflussfaktoren des endodontischen Erfolgs dar.},
  subject      = {Endodontie},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{AdolfBraunFussetal.2020,
  author    = {Adolf, Christian and Braun, Leah T. and Fuss, Carmina T. and Hahner, Stefanie and K{\"u}nzel, Heike and Handgriff, Laura and Sturm, Lisa and Heinrich, Daniel A. and Schneider, Holger and Bidlingmaier, Martin and Reincke, Martin},
  title     = {Spironolactone reduces biochemical markers of bone turnover in postmenopausal women with primary aldosteronism},
  series = {Endocrine},
  volume    = {69},
  journal   = {Endocrine},
  number    = {3},
  issn      = {1355-008X},
  doi       = {10.1007/s12020-020-02348-8},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-315966},
  pages     = {625-633},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Context Primary aldosteronism (PA) is the most frequent form of endocrine hypertension. Besides its deleterious impact on cardiovascular target organ damage, PA is considered to cause osteoporosis. Patients and methods We assessed bone turnover in a subset of 36 postmenopausal women with PA. 18 patients had unilateral PA and were treated by adrenalectomy, whereas 18 patients had bilateral PA and received mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA) therapy respectively. 18 age- and BMI-matched females served as controls. To estimate bone remodeling, we measured the bone turnover markers intact procollagen 1 N-terminal propeptide, bone alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin and tartrate resistant acid phosphatase 5b in plasma by chemiluminescent immunoassays at time of diagnosis and one year after initiation of treatment. Study design Observational longitudinal cohort study. Setting Tertiary care hospital. Results Compared with controls, patients with PA had mildly elevated osteocalcin at baseline (p = 0.013), while the other bone markers were comparable between both groups. There were no differences between the unilateral and the bilateral PA subgroup. One year after initiation of MRA treatment with spironolactone bone resorption and bone formation markers had significantly decreased in patients with bilateral PA. In contrast, patients adrenalectomized because of unilateral PA showed no significant change of bone turnover markers. Conclusion This study shows that aldosterone excess in postmenopausal women with PA is not associated with a relevant increase of bone turnover markers at baseline. However, we observed a significant decrease of bone markers in patients treated with spironolactone, but not in patients treated by adrenalectomy.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Adolf2024,
  author    = {Adolf, Jonas Michael},
  title     = {Die Zusammenarbeit zwischen der station{\"a}ren beziehungsweise teilstation{\"a}ren psychotherapeutischen Behandlung und niedergelassenen Psychotherapeut:innen},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-37109},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-371098},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2024},
  abstract  = {Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es die aktuelle Versorgungskontinuit{\"a}t in der psychotherapeutischen Versorgung hinsichtlich der Zusammenarbeit des (teil-)station{\"a}ren und des ambulanten Sektors aus Sicht der niedergelassenen Psychotherapeut:innen zu untersuchen, diese in den wissenschaftlichen Kontext einzuordnen und - falls m{\"o}glich - erste M{\"o}glichkeiten zur Verbesserung der derzeitigen Versorgungskontinuit{\"a}t aufzuzeigen. In Zusammenarbeit mit dem Arbeitsbereich f{\"u}r Medizinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie im Zentrum f{\"u}r psychische Gesundheit des Universit{\"a}tsklinikums W{\"u}rzburg wurde hierzu ein Fragebogen entwickelt und acht ausgew{\"a}hlten psychotherapeutischen Fachgesellschaften beziehungsweise Psychotherapeutenkammern mit der Bitte um Weiterleitung an deren Mitglieder zugesandt. In der vorliegenden Studie wurden - neben einer Globalbeurteilung - im Speziellen die Teil-aspekte des Austauschs, der entsprechenden Rahmenbedingungen und die Bereitstellung des poststation{\"a}ren ambulanten Psychotherapieplatzes betrachtet. Die Studienergebnisse bilden den derzeitigen Status Quo der psychotherapeutischen Versorgungslage aus Sicht der niedergelassenen Psychotherapeut:innen ab und weisen im Zuge dessen auf einige Defizite in den untersuchten Teilaspekten hin. Die aufgestellten Nebenfragestellungen zeigen gleichsam aber auch Ansatzunkte f{\"u}r L{\"o}sungen auf. Aufgrund der besonderen Relevanz der aufgezeigten Ergebnisse, gilt es - zur Erm{\"o}glichung einer ad{\"a}quaten kontinuierlichen psychotherapeutischen Versorgung - eine weitergehende Betrach-tung der aufgezeigten Defizite vorzunehmen. F{\"u}r ein umfassendes Bild sind zudem kongruente Folgearbeiten mit dem Augenmerk auf der Sichtweise der (teil-)station{\"a}ren Behandlungseinrichtungen und der Patient:innen notwendig. Insbesondere vor dem Hintergrund der limitierten M{\"o}glichkeiten der vorliegenden Arbeit gilt es große repr{\"a}sentative und nationale Studien anzustreben. Hierzu w{\"a}re die Etablierung zentral verwalteter Register zur B{\"u}ndelung der bisherigen und zuk{\"u}nftigen Forschungsarbeiten im Bereich der Psychotherapie w{\"u}nschenswert. Vor allem vor dem Hintergrund zahlreicher Modellprojekte erscheint dies sinnvoll und k{\"o}nnte einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Optimierung der derzeitigen psychotherapeutischen Forschungs- und Versorgungslage beitragen.},
  subject      = {Psychotherapie},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{AdolfiCarreiraJesusetal.2015,
  author    = {Adolfi, Mateus C. and Carreira, Ana C. O. and Jesus, L{\´a}zaro W. O. and Bogerd, Jan and Funes, Rejane M. and Schartl, Manfred and Sogayar, Mari C. and Borella, Maria I.},
  title     = {Molecular cloning and expression analysis of dmrt1 and sox9 during gonad development and male reproductive cycle in the lambari fish, Astyanax altiparanae},
  series = {Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology},
  volume    = {13},
  journal   = {Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology},
  number    = {2},
  doi       = {10.1186/1477-7827-13-2},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-126486},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {Background The dmrt1 and sox9 genes have a well conserved function related to testis formation in vertebrates, and the group of fish presents a great diversity of species and reproductive mechanisms. The lambari fish (Astyanax altiparanae) is an important Neotropical species, where studies on molecular level of sex determination and gonad maturation are scarce. Methods Here, we employed molecular cloning techniques to analyze the cDNA sequences of the dmrt1 and sox9 genes, and describe the expression pattern of those genes during development and the male reproductive cycle by qRT-PCR, and related to histology of the gonad. Results Phylogenetic analyses of predicted amino acid sequences of dmrt1 and sox9 clustered A. altiparanae in the Ostariophysi group, which is consistent with the morphological phylogeny of this species. Studies of the gonad development revealed that ovary formation occurred at 58 days after hatching (dah), 2 weeks earlier than testis formation. Expression studies of sox9 and dmrt1 in different tissues of adult males and females and during development revealed specific expression in the testis, indicating that both genes also have a male-specific role in the adult. During the period of gonad sex differentiation, dmrt1 seems to have a more significant role than sox9. During the male reproductive cycle dmrt1 and sox9 are down-regulated after spermiation, indicating a role of these genes in spermatogenesis. Conclusions For the first time the dmrt1 and sox9 were cloned in a Characiformes species. We show that both genes have a conserved structure and expression, evidencing their role in sex determination, sex differentiation and the male reproductive cycle in A. altiparanae. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of sex determination and differentiation in fish.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AdolfiDuKneitzetal.2021,
  author    = {Adolfi, Mateus C. and Du, Kang and Kneitz, Susanne and Cabau, C{\´e}dric and Zahm, Margot and Klopp, Christophe and Feron, Romain and Paix{\~a}o, R{\^o}mulo V. and Varela, Eduardo S. and de Almeida, Fernanda L. and de Oliveira, Marcos A. and N{\´o}brega, Rafael H. and Lopez-Roques, C{\´e}line and Iampietro, Carole and Lluch, J{\´e}r{\^o}me and Kloas, Werner and Wuertz, Sven and Schaefer, Fabian and St{\"o}ck, Matthias and Guiguen, Yann and Schartl, Manfred},
  title     = {A duplicated copy of id2b is an unusual sex-determining candidate gene on the Y chromosome of arapaima (Arapaima gigas)},
  series = {Scientific Reports},
  volume    = {11},
  journal   = {Scientific Reports},
  number    = {1},
  doi       = {10.1038/s41598-021-01066-z},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-265672},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Arapaima gigas is one of the largest freshwater fish species of high ecological and economic importance. Overfishing and habitat destruction are severe threats to the remaining wild populations. By incorporating a chromosomal Hi-C contact map, we improved the arapaima genome assembly to chromosome-level, revealing an unexpected high degree of chromosome rearrangements during evolution of the bonytongues (Osteoglossiformes). Combining this new assembly with pool-sequencing of male and female genomes, we identified id2bbY, a duplicated copy of the inhibitor of DNA binding 2b (id2b) gene on the Y chromosome as candidate male sex-determining gene. A PCR-test for id2bbY was developed, demonstrating that this gene is a reliable male-specific marker for genotyping. Expression analyses showed that this gene is expressed in juvenile male gonads. Its paralog, id2ba, exhibits a male-biased expression in immature gonads. Transcriptome analyses and protein structure predictions confirm id2bbY as a prime candidate for the master sex-determiner. Acting through the TGF beta signaling pathway, id2bbY from arapaima would provide the first evidence for a link of this family of transcriptional regulators to sex determination. Our study broadens our current understanding about the evolution of sex determination genetic networks and provide a tool for improving arapaima aquaculture for commercial and conservation purposes.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AdolfiHerpinMartinezBengocheaetal.2021,
  author    = {Adolfi, Mateus C. and Herpin, Amaury and Martinez-Bengochea, Anabel and Kneitz, Susanne and Regensburger, Martina and Grunwald, David J. and Schartl, Manfred},
  title     = {Crosstalk Between Retinoic Acid and Sex-Related Genes Controls Germ Cell Fate and Gametogenesis in Medaka},
  series = {Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology},
  volume    = {8},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology},
  issn      = {2296-634X},
  doi       = {10.3389/fcell.2020.613497},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-222669},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Sex determination (SD) is a highly diverse and complex mechanism. In vertebrates, one of the first morphological differences between the sexes is the timing of initiation of the first meiosis, where its initiation occurs first in female and later in male. Thus, SD is intimately related to the responsiveness of the germ cells to undergo meiosis in a sex-specific manner. In some vertebrates, it has been reported that the timing for meiosis entry would be under control of retinoic acid (RA), through activation of Stra8. In this study, we used a fish model species for sex determination and lacking the stra8 gene, the Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes), to investigate the connection between RA and the sex determination pathway. Exogenous RA treatments act as a stress factor inhibiting germ cell differentiation probably by activation of dmrt1a and amh. Disruption of the RA degrading enzyme gene cyp26a1 induced precocious meiosis and oogenesis in embryos/hatchlings of female and even some males. Transcriptome analyzes of cyp26a1-/-adult gonads revealed upregulation of genes related to germ cell differentiation and meiosis, in both ovaries and testes. Our findings show that germ cells respond to RA in a stra8 independent model species. The responsiveness to RA is conferred by sex-related genes, restricting its action to the sex differentiation period in both sexes.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AdolfiHerpinRegensburgeretal.2016,
  author    = {Adolfi, Mateus C. and Herpin, Amaury and Regensburger, Martina and Sacquegno, Jacopo and Waxman, Joshua S. and Schartl, Manfred},
  title     = {Retinoic acid and meiosis induction in adult versus embryonic gonads of medaka},
  series = {Scientific Reports},
  volume    = {6},
  journal   = {Scientific Reports},
  doi       = {10.1038/srep34281},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-147843},
  pages     = {34281},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {In vertebrates, one of the first recognizable sex differences in embryos is the onset of meiosis, known to be regulated by retinoic acid (RA) in mammals. We investigated in medaka a possible meiotic function of RA during the embryonic sex determination (SD) period and in mature gonads. We found RA mediated transcriptional activation in germ cells of both sexes much earlier than the SD stage, however, no such activity during the critical stages of SD. In adults, expression of the RA metabolizing enzymes indicates sexually dimorphic RA levels. In testis, RA acts directly in Sertoli, Leydig and pre-meiotic germ cells. In ovaries, RA transcriptional activity is highest in meiotic oocytes. Our results show that RA plays an important role in meiosis induction and gametogenesis in adult medaka but contrary to common expectations, not for initiating the first meiosis in female germ cells at the SD stage.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AdolphFleischhackGaabetal.2021,
  author    = {Adolph, Jonas E. and Fleischhack, Gudrun and Gaab, Christine and Mikasch, Ruth and Mynarek, Martin and Rutkowski, Stefan and Sch{\"u}ller, Ulrich and Pfister, Stefan M. and Pajtler, Kristian W. and Milde, Till and Witt, Olaf and Bison, Brigitte and Warmuth-Metz, Monika and Kortmann, Rolf-Dieter and Dietzsch, Stefan and Pietsch, Torsten and Timmermann, Beate and Tippelt, Stephan},
  title     = {Systemic chemotherapy of pediatric recurrent ependymomas: results from the German HIT-REZ studies},
  series = {Journal of Neuro-Oncology},
  volume    = {155},
  journal   = {Journal of Neuro-Oncology},
  number    = {2},
  organization    = {German GPOH HIT-Network},
  issn      = {0167-594X},
  doi       = {10.1007/s11060-021-03867-8},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-308302},
  pages     = {193-202},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Purpose Survival in recurrent ependymoma (EPN) depends mainly on the extent of resection achieved. When complete resection is not feasible, chemotherapy is often used to extend progression-free and overall survival. However, no consistent effect of chemotherapy on survival has been found in patients with recurrent EPN. Methods Systemic chemotherapeutic treatment of 138 patients enrolled in the German HIT-REZ-studies was analyzed. Survival depending on the use of chemotherapy, disease-stabilization rates (RR), duration of response (DOR) and time to progression (TTP) were estimated. Results Median age at first recurrence was 7.6 years (IQR: 4.0-13.6). At first recurrence, median PFS and OS were 15.3 (CI 13.3-20.0) and 36.9 months (CI 29.7-53.4), respectively. The Hazard Ratio for the use of chemotherapy in local recurrences in a time-dependent Cox-regression analysis was 0.99 (CI 0.74-1.33). Evaluable responses for 140 applied chemotherapies were analyzed, of which sirolimus showed the best RR (50\%) and longest median TTP [11.51 (CI 3.98; 14.0) months] in nine patients, with the strongest impact found when sirolimus was used as a monotherapy. Seven patients with progression-free survival > 12 months after subtotal/no-resection facilitated by chemotherapy were found. No definitive survival advantage for any drug in a specific molecularly defined EPN type was found. Conclusion No survival advantage for the general use of chemotherapy in recurrent EPN was found. In cases with incomplete resection, chemotherapy was able to extend survival in individual cases. Sirolimus showed the best RR, DOR and TTP out of all drugs analyzed and may warrant further investigation.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AdrianMartinezAgeronAharonianetal.2016,
  author    = {Adri{\´a}n-Mart{\´i}nez, S. and Ageron, M. and Aharonian, F. and Aiello, S. and Albert, A. and Ameli, F. and Annasontzis, E. and Andre, M. and Androulakis, G. and Anghinolfi, M. and Anton, G. and Ardid, M. and Avgitas, T. and Barbarino, G. and Baret, B. and Barrios-Mart{\´i}, J. and Belhorma, B. and Belias, A. and Berbee, A. and van den Berg, A. and Bertin, V. and Beurthey, S. and van Beeveren, V. and Beverini, N. and Biagi, S. and Biagioni, A. and Billault, M. and Bond{\`i}, M. and Bormuth, R. and Bouhadef, B. and Bourlis, G. and Bourret, S. and Boutonnet, C. and Bouwhuis, M. and Bozza, C. and Bruijn, R. and Brunner, J. and Buis, E. and Busto, J. and Cacopardo, G. and Caillat, L. and Calmai, M. and Calvo, D. and Capone, A. and Caramete, L. and Cecchini, S. and Celli, S. and Champion, C. and Cherkaoui El Moursli, R. and Cherubini, S. and Chiarusi, T. and Circella, M. and Classen, L. and Cocimano, R. and Coelho, J. A. B. and Coleiro, A. and Colonges, S. and Coniglione, R. and Cordelli, M. and Cosquer, A. and Coyle, P. and Creusot, A. and Cuttone, G. and D'Amico, A. and De Bonis, G. and De Rosa, G. and De Sio, C. and Di Capua, F. and Di Palma, I. and D{\´i}az Garc{\´i}a, A. F. and Distefano, C. and Donzaud, C. and Dornic, D. and Dorosti-Hasankiadeh, Q. and Drakopoulou, E. and Drouhin, D. and Drury, L. and Durocher, M. and Eberl, T. and Eichie, S. and van Eijk, D. and El Bojaddaini, I. and El Khayati, N. and Elsaesser, D. and Enzenh{\"o}fer, A. and Fassi, F. and Favali, P. and Fermani, P. and Ferrara, G. and Filippidis, C. and Frascadore, G. and Fusco, L. A. and Gal, T. and Galat{\`a}, S. and Garufi, F. and Gay, P. and Gebyehu, M. and Giordano, V. and Gizani, N. and Gracia, R. and Graf, K. and Gr{\´e}goire, T. and Grella, G. and Habel, R. and Hallmann, S. and van Haren, H. and Harissopulos, S. and Heid, T. and Heijboer, A. and Heine, E. and Henry, S. and Hern{\´a}ndez-Rey, J. J. and Hevinga, M. and Hofest{\"a}dt, J. and Hugon, C. M. F. and Illuminati, G. and James, C. W. and Jansweijer, P. and Jongen, M. and de Jong, M. and Kadler, M. and Kalekin, O. and Kappes, A. and Katz, U. F. and Keller, P. and Kieft, G. and Kießling, D. and Koffeman, E. N. and Kooijman, P. and Kouchner, A. and Kulikovskiy, V. and Lahmann, R. and Lamare, P. and Leisos, A. and Leonora, E. and Lindsey Clark, M. and Liolios, A. and Llorenz Alvarez, C. D. and Lo Presti, D. and L{\"o}hner, H. and Lonardo, A. and Lotze, M. and Loucatos, S. and Maccioni, E. and Mannheim, K. and Margiotta, A. and Marinelli, A. and Mari{\c{s}}, O. and Markou, C. and Mart{\´i}nez-Mora, J. A. and Martini, A. and Mele, R. and Melis, K. W. and Michael, T. and Migliozzi, P. and Migneco, E. and Mijakowski, P. and Miraglia, A. and Mollo, C. M. and Mongelli, M. and Morganti, M. and Moussa, A. and Musico, P. and Musumeci, M. and Navas, S. and Nicoleau, C. A. and Olcina, I. and Olivetto, C. and Orlando, A. and Papaikonomou, A. and Papaleo, R. and Păvăla{\c{s}}, G. E. and Peek, H. and Pellegrino, C. and Perrina, C. and Pfutzner, M. and Piattelli, P. and Pikounis, K. and Poma, G. E. and Popa, V. and Pradier, T. and Pratolongo, F. and P{\"u}hlhofer, G. and Pulvirenti, S. and Quinn, L. and Racca, C. and Raffaelli, F. and Randazzo, N. and Rapidis, P. and Razis, P. and Real, D. and Resvanis, L. and Reubelt, J. and Riccobene, G. and Rossi, C. and Rovelli, A. and Salda{\~n}a, M. and Salvadori, I. and Samtleben, D. F. E. and S{\´a}nchez Garc{\´i}a, A. and S{\´a}nchez Losa, A. and Sanguineti, M. and Santangelo, A. and Santonocito, D. and Sapienza, P. and Schimmel, F. and Schmelling, J. and Sciacca, V. and Sedita, M. and Seitz, T. and Sgura, I. and Simeone, F. and Siotis, I. and Sipala, V. and Spisso, B. and Spurio, M. and Stavropoulos, G. and Steijger, J. and Stellacci, S. M. and Stransky, D. and Taiuti, M. and Tayalati, Y. and T{\´e}zier, D. and Theraube, S. and Thompson, L. and Timmer, P. and T{\"o}nnis, C. and Trasatti, L. and Trovato, A. and Tsirigotis, A. and Tzamarias, S. and Tzamariudaki, E. and Vallage, B. and Van Elewyk, V. and Vermeulen, J. and Vicini, P. and Viola, S. and Vivolo, D. and Volkert, M. and Voulgaris, G. and Wiggers, L. and Wilms, J. and de Wolf, E. and Zachariadou, K. and Zornoza, J. D. and Z{\´u}{\~n}iga, J.},
  title     = {Letter of intent for KM3NeT 2.0},
  series = {Journal of Physics G-Nuclear and Particle Physics},
  volume    = {43},
  journal   = {Journal of Physics G-Nuclear and Particle Physics},
  number    = {8},
  doi       = {10.1088/0954-3899/43/8/084001},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-188050},
  pages     = {84001},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {The main objectives of the KM3NeT Collaboration are (i) the discovery and subsequent observation of high-energy neutrino sources in the Universe and (ii) the determination of the mass hierarchy of neutrinos. These objectives are strongly motivated by two recent important discoveries, namely: (1) the high-energy astrophysical neutrino signal reported by IceCube and (2) the sizable contribution of electron neutrinos to the third neutrino mass eigenstate as reported by Daya Bay, Reno and others. To meet these objectives, the KM3NeT Collaboration plans to build a new Research Infrastructure consisting of a network of deep-sea neutrino telescopes in the Mediterranean Sea. A phased and distributed implementation is pursued which maximises the access to regional funds, the availability of human resources and the synergistic opportunities for the Earth and sea sciences community. Three suitable deep-sea sites are selected, namely off-shore Toulon (France), Capo Passero (Sicily, Italy) and Pylos (Peloponnese, Greece). The infrastructure will consist of three so-called building blocks. A building block comprises 115 strings, each string comprises 18 optical modules and each optical module comprises 31 photo-multiplier tubes. Each building block thus constitutes a three-dimensional array of photo sensors that can be used to detect the Cherenkov light produced by relativistic particles emerging from neutrino interactions. Two building blocks will be sparsely configured to fully explore the IceCube signal with similar instrumented volume, different methodology, improved resolution and},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AdrianMartinezAlbertAndreetal.2016,
  author    = {Adri{\´a}n-Mart{\´i}nez, S. and Albert, A. and Andr{\´e}, M. and Anghinolfi, M. and Anton, G. and Ardid, M. and Aubert, J.-J. and Avgitas, T. and Baret, B. and Barrios-Mart{\´i}, J. and Basa, S. and Bertin, V. and Biagi, S. and Bormuth, R. and Bouwhuis, M.C. and Bruijn, R. and Brunner, J. and Busto, J. and Capone, A. and Caramete, L. and Carr, J. and Celli, S. and Chiarusi, T. and Circella, M. and Coleiro, A. and Coniglione, R. and Constantini, H. and Coyle, P. and Creusot, A. and Deschamps, A. and De Bonis, G. and Distefano, C. and Donzaud, C. and Dornic, D. and Drouhin, D. and Eberl, T. and El Bojaddaini, I. and Els{\"a}sser, D. and Enzenh{\"o}fer, A. and Fehn, K. and Felis, I. and Fusco, L.A. and Galat{\`a}, S. and Gay, P. and Geißels{\"o}der, S. and Geyer, K. and Giordano, V. and Gleixner, A. and Glotin, H. and Gracia-Ruiz, R. and Graf, K. and Hallmann, S. and van Haren, H. and Heijboer, A.J. and Hello, Y. and Hern{\´a}ndez-Rey, J.J. and H{\"o}ßl, J. and Hofest{\"a}dt, J. and Hugon, C. and Illuminati, G. and James, C.W. and de Jong, M. and Kadler, M. and Kalekin, O. and Katz, U. and Kießling, D. and Kouchner, A. and Kreter, M. and Kreykenbohm, I. and Kulikovskiy, V. and Lachaud, C. and Lahmann, R. and Lef{\`e}vre, D. and Leonora, E. and Loucatos, S. and Marcelin, M. and Margiotta, A. and Marinelli, A. and Mart{\´i}nez-Mora, J.A. and Mathieu, A. and Michael, T. and Migliozzi, P. and Moussa, A. and Mueller, C. and Nezri, E. and Pavalas, G.E. and Pellegrino, C. and Perrina, C. and Piattelli, P. and Popa, V. and Pradier, T. and Racca, C. and Riccobene, G. and Roensch, K. and Salda{\~n}a, M. and Samtleben, D.F.E. and S{\´a}nchez-Losa, A. and Sanguineti, M. and Sapienza, P. and Schnabel, J. and Sch{\"u}ssler, F. and Seitz, T. and Sieger, C. and Spurio, M. and Stolarczyk, Th. and Taiuti, M. and Trovato, A. and Tselengidou, M. and Turpin, D. and T{\"o}nnis, C. and Vallage, B. and Vall{\´e}e, C. and Van Elewyck, V. and Visser, E. and Vivolo, D. and Wagner, S. and Wilms, J. and Zornoza, J.D. and Z{\´u}{\~n}iga, J.},
  title     = {Constraints on the neutrino emission from the Galactic Ridge with the ANTARES telescope},
  series = {Physics Letters B},
  volume    = {760},
  journal   = {Physics Letters B},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.physletb.2016.06.051},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-166608},
  pages     = {143-148},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {A highly significant excess of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos has been reported by the IceCube Collaboration. Some features of the energy and declination distributions of IceCube events hint at a North/South asymmetry of the neutrino flux. This could be due to the presence of the bulk of our Galaxy in the Southern hemisphere. The ANTARES neutrino telescope, located in the Mediterranean Sea, has been taking data since 2007. It offers the best sensitivity to muon neutrinos produced by galactic cosmic ray interactions in this region of the sky. In this letter a search for an extended neutrino flux from the Galactic Ridge region is presented. Different models of neutrino production by cosmic ray propagation are tested. No excess of events is observed and upper limits for different neutrino flux spectral indices Γ are set. For Γ=2.4 the 90\% confidence level flux upper limit at 100 TeV for one neutrino flavour corresponds to Φ\(^{1f}_{0}\) (100 TeV) = 2.0 · 10\(^{-17}\) GeV\(^{-1}\) cm\(^{-2}\)s\(^{-1}\)sr\(^{-1}\). Under this assumption, at most two events of the IceCube cosmic candidates can originate from the Galactic Ridge. A simple power-law extrapolation of the Fermi-LAT flux to account for IceCube High Energy Starting Events is excluded at 90\% confidence level.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AdrianMartinezAlbertAndreetal.2017,
  author    = {Adri{\´a}n-Mart{\´i}nez, S. and Albert, A. and Andr{\´e}, M. and Anghinolfi, M. and Anton, G. and Ardid, M. and Aubert, J.-J. and Baret, B. and Barrios-Marti, J. and Basa, S. and Bertin, V. and Biagi, S. and Bormuth, R. and Bouwhuis, M.C. and Bruijn, R. and Brunner, J. and Buto, J. and Capone, A. and Caramete, L. and Carr, J. and Chiarusi, T. and Circella, M. and Coniglione, R. and Costantini, H. and Coyle, P. and Creusot, A. and Dekeyser, I. and Deschamps, A. and De Bonis, G. and Distefano, C.},
  title     = {Stacked search for time shifted high energy neutrinos from gamma ray bursts with the ANTARES neutrino telescope},
  series = {European Physical Journal C},
  volume    = {77},
  journal   = {European Physical Journal C},
  number    = {1},
  doi       = {10.1140/epjc/s10052-016-4496-8},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-181251},
  pages     = {10},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {A search for high-energy neutrino emission correlated with gamma-ray bursts outside the electromagnetic prompt-emission time window is presented. Using a stacking approach of the time delays between reported gamma-ray burst alerts and spatially coincident muon-neutrino signatures, data from the Antares neutrino telescope recorded between 2007 and 2012 are analysed. One year of public data from the IceCube detector between 2008 and 2009 have been also investigated. The respective timing profiles are scanned for statistically significant accumulations within 40 days of the Gamma Ray Burst, as expected from Lorentz Invariance Violation effects and some astrophysical models. No significant excess over the expected accidental coincidence rate could be found in either of the two data sets. The average strength of the neutrino signal is found to be fainter than one detectable neutrino signal per hundred gamma-ray bursts in the Antares data at 90\% confidence level.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AdrianMartinezAlbertAndreetal.2016,
  author    = {Adri{\´a}n-Mart{\´i}nez, S. and Albert, A. and Andr{\´e}, M. and Anton, G. and Ardid, M. and Aubert, J.-J. and Avgitas, T. and Baret, B. and Barrios-Mart{\´i}, J. and Basa, S. and Bertin, V. and Biagi, S. and Bormuth, R. and Bou-Cabo, M. and Bouwhuis, M.C. and Bruijn, R. and Brunner, J. and Busto, J. and Capone, A. and Caramete, L. and Carr, J. and Celli, S. and Chiarusi, T. and Circella, M. and Coleiro, A. and Coniglione, R. and Costantini, H. and Coyle, P. and Creusot, A. and Deschamps, A. and De Bonis, G. and Distefano, C. and Donzaud, C. and Dornic, D. and Drouhin, D. and Eberl, T. and El Bojaddaini, I. and Els{\"a}sser, D. and Enzenh{\"o}fer, A. and Fehn, K. and Felis, I. and Fusco, L.A. and Galat{\`a}, S. and Gay, P. and Geißels{\"o}der, S. and Geyer, K. and Giordano, V. and Gleixner, A. and Glotin, H. and Gracia-Ruiz, R. and Graf, K. and Hallmann, S. and van Haren, H. and Heijboer, A.J. and Hello, Y. and Hern{\´a}ndez-Rey, J.-J. and H{\"o}ßl, J. and Hofest{\"a}dt, J. and Hugon, C. and Illuminati, G. and James, C.W. and de Jong, M. and Kadler, M. and Kalekin, O. and Katz, U. and Kießling, D. and Kouchner, A. and Kreter, M. and Kreykenbohm, I. and Kulikovskiy, V. and Lachaud, C. and Lahmann, R. and Lef{\`e}vre, D. and Leonora, E. and Loucatos, S. and Marcelin, M. and Margiotta, A. and Marinelli, A. and Mart{\´i}nez-Mora, J.A. and Mathieu, A. and Michael, T. and Migliozzi, P. and Moussa, A. and Mueller, C. and Nezri, E. and Păvălaș, G.E. and Pellegrino, C. and Perrina, C. and Piattelli, P. and Popa, V. and Pradier, T. and Racca, C. and Riccobene, G. and Roensch, K. and Salda{\~n}a, M. and Samtleben, D.F.E. and Sanguineti, M. and Sapienza, P. and Schnabel, J. and Sch{\"u}ssler, F. and Seitz, T. and Sieger, C. and Spurio, M. and Stolarczyk, Th. and S{\´a}nchez-Losa, A. and Taiuti, M. and Trovato, A. and Tselengidou, M. and Turpin, D. and T{\"o}nnis, C. and Vallage, B. and Vall{\´e}e, C. and Van Elewyck, V. and Vivolo, D. and Wagner, S. and Wilms, J. and Zornoza, J.D. and Z{\´u}{\~n}iga, J.},
  title     = {A search for Secluded Dark Matter in the Sun with the ANTARES neutrino telescope},
  series = {Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics},
  volume    = {2016},
  journal   = {Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics},
  number    = {5},
  organization    = {The ANTARES collaboration},
  doi       = {10.1088/1475-7516/2016/05/016},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-189035},
  pages     = {12},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {A search for Secluded Dark Matter annihilation in the Sun using 2007-2012 data of the ANTARES neutrino telescope is presented. Three different cases are considered: a) detection of dimuons that result from the decay of the mediator, or neutrino detection from: b) mediator that decays into a dimuon and, in turn, into neutrinos, and c) mediator that decays directly into neutrinos. As no significant excess over background is observed, constraints are derived on the dark matter mass and the lifetime of the mediator.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AdrianMartinezAlbertAndreetal.2016,
  author    = {Adri{\´a}n-Mart{\´i}nez, S. and Albert, A. and Andr{\´e}, M. and Anton, G. and Ardid, M. and Aubert, J.-J. and Avgitas, T. and Baret, B. and Barrios-Mart{\´i}, J. and Basa, S. and Bertin, V. and Biagi, S. and Bormuth, R. and Bouwhuis, M.C. and Bruijn, R. and Brunner, J. and Busto, J. and Capone, A. and Caramete, L. and Carr, J. and Celli, S. and Chiarusi, T. and Circella, M. and Coleiro, A. and Coniglione, R. and Costantini, H. and Coyle, P. and Creusot, A. and Deschamps, A. and De Bonis, G. and Distefano, C. and Donzaud, C. and Dornic, D. and Drouhin, D. and Eberl, T. and El Bojaddaini, I. and Els{\"a}sser, D. and Enzenh{\"o}fer, A. and Fehn, K. and Felis, I. and Fusco, L.A. and Galat{\`a}, S. and Gay, P. and Geißels{\"o}der, S. and Geyer, K. and Giordano, V. and Gleixner, A. and Glotin, H. and Gracia-Ruiz, R. and Graf, K. and Hallmann, S. and van Haren, H. and Heijboer, A.J. and Hello, Y. and Hern{\´a}ndez-Rey, J.J. and H{\"o}ßl, J. and Hofest{\"a}dt, J. and Hugon, C. and Illuminati, G. and James, C.W. and de Jong, M. and Jongen, M. and Kadler, M. and Kalekin, O. and Katz, U. and Kießling, D. and Kouchner, A. and Kreter, M. and Kreykenbohm, I. and Kulikovskiy, V. and Lachaud, C. and Lahmann, R. and Lef{\`e}vre, D. and Leonora, E. and Loucatos, S. and Marcelin, M. and Margiotta, A. and Marinelli, A. and Mart{\´i}nez-Mora, J.A. and Mathieu, A. and Melis, K. and Michael, T. and Migliozzi, P. and Moussa, A. and Mueller, C. and Nezri, E. and Pavalas, G.E. and Pellegrino, C. and Perrina, C. and Piattelli, P. and Popa, V. and Pradier, T. and Racca, C. and Riccobene, G. and Roensch, K. and Salda{\~n}a, M. and Samtleben, D.F.E. and S{\´a}nchez-Losa, A. and Sanguineti, M. and Sapienza, P. and Schnabel, J. and Sch{\"u}ssler, F. and Seitz, T. and Sieger, C. and Spurio, M. and Stolarczyk, Th. and Taiuti, M. and T{\"o}nnis, C. and Trovato, A. and Tselengidou, M. and Turpin, D. and Vallage, B. and Vall{\´e}e, C. and Van Elewyck, V. and Vivolo, D. and Wagner, S. and Wilms, J. and Zornoza, J.D. and Z{\´u}{\~n}iga, J.},
  title     = {Limits on dark matter annihilation in the sun using the ANTARES neutrino telescope},
  series = {Physics Letters B},
  volume    = {759},
  journal   = {Physics Letters B},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.physletb.2016.05.019},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-166642},
  pages     = {69-74},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {A search for muon neutrinos originating from dark matter annihilations in the Sun is performed using the data recorded by the ANTARES neutrino telescope from 2007 to 2012. In order to obtain the best possible sensitivities to dark matter signals, an optimisation of the event selection criteria is performed taking into account the background of atmospheric muons, atmospheric neutrinos and the energy spectra of the expected neutrino signals. No significant excess over the background is observed and 90\% C.L. upper limits on the neutrino flux, the spin-dependent and spin-independent WIMP-nucleon cross-sections are derived for WIMP masses ranging from 50 GeV to 5 TeV for the annihilation channels WIMP + WIMP→ b\(\overline{b}\), W\(^{+}\)W\(^{-}\) and τ\(^{+}\)τ\(^{-}\).},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Aehnlich2022,
  author    = {Aehnlich, Flora},
  title     = {Untersuchungen zur Pr{\"a}sentation kryptischer und kanonischer Peptide {\"u}ber den MHC-Klasse-I-Komplex in Patienten mit akuter myeloischer Leuk{\"a}mie},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-27003},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-270036},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Die AML stellt mit einem Anteil von 80 \% an den akuten Leuk{\"a}mien bei Erwachsenen eine bedeutende Erkrankung f{\"u}r die Gesellschaft dar. Aufgrund fehlender durchbrechender Erfolge in der Therapieentwicklung liegt die durchschnittliche F{\"u}nfjahres{\"u}berlebensrate dennoch nur bei etwa 25 \%. Der Blick auf die Kraft des Graft-versus-Leuk{\"a}mie-Effekts nach allogener Stammzelltransplantation, eine Langzeitremission der AML erzielen zu k{\"o}nnen, weist jedoch auf die Immunogenit{\"a}t und Eignung der Erkrankung f{\"u}r neue immuntherapeutische Ans{\"a}tze hin. Anhand der Kartierung der in-vivo pr{\"a}sentierten MHC-Klasse-I-Peptidome auf AML-Blasten sollten in dieser Arbeit potenziell geeignete Therapietargets identifiziert werden, um eine breitere Anwendung immuntherapeutischer Strategien bei AML-Patienten zu erm{\"o}glichen. Auf prim{\"a}ren Patientenmaterialien, Zelllinien und benignen Zellen wurden hierzu {\"u}ber eine Immunoaffinit{\"a}tschromatographie mit nachfolgenden Purifizierungsschritten die MHC-pr{\"a}sentierten Peptide massenspekrometrisch-basiert identifiziert. Zus{\"a}tzlich erfolgte eine Quantifizierung der Oberfl{\"a}chen- und intrazellul{\"a}ren MHC-Klasse-I-Molek{\"u}le der verwendeten Proben durch einen indirekten Immunfluoreszenz-Assay. Unter der Gesamtheit von 17.750 identifizierten nicht-redundanten MHC-Klasse- I-pr{\"a}sentierten Peptiden konnte eine Vielzahl von 5.626 Peptiden mit Pr{\"a}sentationsfrequenzen bis zu 72 \% als AML-exklusiv beschrieben werden. Hierunter wurden 240 kryptische Peptide vermeintlich nicht-codierenden Ursprungs identifiziert. Zudem wurden mehrere potenziell CMV-kreuzreaktive AML-Peptide erfasst, die zu der reduzierten Rezidivrate bei CMV-Infektion nach allogener Stammzelltransplantation f{\"u}hren k{\"o}nnten. Bei der MHC-Quantifizierung wiesen die AML-Blasten keine verminderte MHC-Expression auf und stellten sich somit als geeignete Target-Zellen f{\"u}r eine T-Zell-Immuntherapie dar.},
  subject      = {Akute myeloische Leuk{\"a}mie},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{AertsEberleinHolmetal.2021,
  author    = {Aerts, An and Eberlein, Uta and Holm, S{\"o}ren and Hustinx, Roland and Konijnenberg, Mark and Strigari, Lidia and van Leeuwen, Fijs W. B. and Glatting, Gerhard and Lassmann, Michael},
  title     = {EANM position paper on the role of radiobiology in nuclear medicine},
  series = {European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging},
  volume    = {48},
  journal   = {European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging},
  number    = {11},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00259-021-05345-9},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-265595},
  pages     = {3365-3377},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {With an increasing variety of radiopharmaceuticals for diagnostic or therapeutic nuclear medicine as valuable diagnostic or treatment option, radiobiology plays an important role in supporting optimizations. This comprises particularly safety and efficacy of radionuclide therapies, specifically tailored to each patient. As absorbed dose rates and absorbed dose distributions in space and time are very different between external irradiation and systemic radionuclide exposure, distinct radiation-induced biological responses are expected in nuclear medicine, which need to be explored. This calls for a dedicated nuclear medicine radiobiology. Radiobiology findings and absorbed dose measurements will enable an improved estimation and prediction of efficacy and adverse effects. Moreover, a better understanding on the fundamental biological mechanisms underlying tumor and normal tissue responses will help to identify predictive and prognostic biomarkers as well as biomarkers for treatment follow-up. In addition, radiobiology can form the basis for the development of radiosensitizing strategies and radioprotectant agents. Thus, EANM believes that, beyond in vitro and preclinical evaluations, radiobiology will bring important added value to clinical studies and to clinical teams. Therefore, EANM strongly supports active collaboration between radiochemists, radiopharmacists, radiobiologists, medical physicists, and physicians to foster research toward precision nuclear medicine.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AeschlimannBauerBayeretal.2012,
  author    = {Aeschlimann, Martin and Bauer, Michael and Bayer, Daniela and Brixner, Tobias and Cunovic, Stefan and Fischer, Alexander and Melchior, Pascal and Pfeiffer, Walter and Rohmer, Martin and Schneider, Christian and Str{\"u}ber, Christian and Tuchscherer, Philip and Voronine, Dimitri V.},
  title     = {Optimal open-loop near-field control of plasmonic nanostructures},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-75256},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Optimal open-loop control, i.e. the application of an analytically derived control rule, is demonstrated for nanooptical excitations using polarization-shaped laser pulses. Optimal spatial near-field localization in gold nanoprisms and excitation switching is realized by applying a shift to the relative phase of the two polarization components. The achieved near-field switching confirms theoretical predictions, proves the applicability of predefined control rules in nanooptical light-matter interaction and reveals local mode interference to be an important control mechanism.},
  subject      = {Chemie},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AeschlimannBrixnerCinchettietal.2017,
  author    = {Aeschlimann, Martin and Brixner, Tobias and Cinchetti, Mirko and Frisch, Benjamin and Hecht, Bert and Hensen, Matthias and Huber, Bernhard and Kramer, Christian and Krauss, Enno and Loeber, Thomas H. and Pfeiffer, Walter and Piecuch, Martin and Thielen, Philip},
  title     = {Cavity-assisted ultrafast long-range periodic energy transfer between plasmonic nanoantennas},
  series = {Light: Science \& Applications},
  volume    = {6},
  journal   = {Light: Science \& Applications},
  doi       = {10.1038/lsa.2017.111},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-173265},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Radiationless energy transfer is at the core of diverse phenomena, such as light harvesting in photosynthesis\(^1\), energy-transfer-based microspectroscopies\(^2\), nanoscale quantum entanglement\(^3\) and photonic-mode hybridization\(^4\). Typically, the transfer is efficient only for separations that are much shorter than the diffraction limit. This hampers its application in optical communication and quantum information processing, which require spatially selective addressing. Here, we demonstrate highly efficient radiationless coherent energy transfer over a distance of twice the excitation wavelength by combining localized and delocalized\(^5\) plasmonic modes. Analogous to the Tavis-Cummings model, two whispering-gallery-mode antennas\(^6\) placed in the foci of an elliptical plasmonic cavity\(^7\) fabricated from single-crystal gold plates act as a pair of oscillators coupled to a common cavity mode. Time-resolved two-photon photoemission electron microscopy (TR 2P-PEEM) reveals an ultrafast long-range periodic energy transfer in accordance with the simulations. Our observations open perspectives for the optimization and tailoring of mesoscopic energy transfer and long-range quantum emitter coupling.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Afify2007,
  author    = {Afify, Samar},
  title     = {Drug targeting delivery systems for treatment of Raf-1 induced lung tumors in mice},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-22249},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2007},
  abstract  = {The aim of the present study was to design different dosage forms as carrier systems to deliver sorafenib to the lung of BXB-23 transgenic mice using different routes of administration. Three dosage forms were used one of them was an oil-in-water emulsion and the oral route was chosen for this experiment. The other delivery system was a liposome preparation for intratracheal instillation. In this case the oral route was considered as a control experiment. The last dosage form was PLGA microspheres. Before sorafenib administration it was important to develop a HPLC method to assess sorafenib absorption after its administration and to determine its concentrations in mouse serum. The HPLC method allowed sorafenib quantification in small volumes (30 µl) of mouse serum and tissues. The developed HPLC method was validated resulting in satisfactory selectivity, good linearity, good accuracy and precision over the concentration range examined. Sorafenib was successfully incorporated in a fat emulsion (o/w) using a traditional method resulting in a white homogenous emulsion and no particle aggregation was observed. Sorafenib exhibited antitumor activity on the lung adenoma in BXB-23 transgenic mice when administered orally (2 mg sorafenib per mouse) in the emulsion preparation. The determined effect was an approximately 29 \% reduction in the tumor area of the adenoma foci and a proliferation reduction. In order to improve the pharmacological effects of sorafenib on the lung adenoma in BXB-23 mice, the targeting of sorafenib directly to the site of action (the lung) was an attractive concept. For this purpose the intratracheal route was used. Since sorafenib administration by instillation required incorporation of sorafenib in a dosage form suitable for its lipophilic nature, a liposome suspension was the second dosage form used. A lyophilization method was employed for sorafenib liposome preparation utilizing dilauroylphosphatidylcholine (DLPC) which is safe and tolerable for the lung. Incorporation of sorafenib in the liposomes did not influence the particle size and its distribution. The sorafenib liposomes showed high encapsulation efficiency, good stability at 4 °C for one month and satisfactory in vitro release properties and inhibited Raf-1 mediated activation of ERK in cell culture assay. In a pharmacokinetic experiment sorafenib loaded liposomes were instilled directly into the lung. The results revealed that a significant level of sorafenib was achieved in the lung tissues after 2 hours and then reduced after 48 h and remained nearly constant for one week. On the other hand, only traces of sorafenib were found in the mice serum up to 48 h. Subsequently, the pharmacological activity of sorafenib (1 mg per mouse) was studied when delivered in a liposomal suspension intratracheally to treat the lung adenoma of BXB-23 mice. The data of this experiment demonstrated that sorafenib intratracheal instillation resulted in a reduction of tumor area of adenoma foci (67 \%) and an elevation of the percent of apoptotic cells. In contrast, prolongation of the treatment period did not further enhance sorafenib activity on the lung adenoma. This previous finding suggested a development of multidrug resistance (MDR) by the adenoma foci cells against sorafenib instillation, which was examined by immunohistochemistry staining. The percent of MDR positive cells was higher after two and three weeks sorafenib liposome instillation treatment than that after one week treatment. The last dosage form used for sorafenib was microspheres, which were prepared by emulsion-diffusion-evaporation method using biodegradable PLGA 50:50 resulting in a white lyophilized powder. The system was characterized physicochemically and revealed a good microspheres yield, high encapsulation efficiency, a homogenous particle size distribution and slow in vitro release of sorafenib. The other strategy studied in the present research project was gene delivery to target the lung bearing tumor of BXB-23 mice using a non-viral vector (polyethylenimine). Polyethylenimine (PEI) was used to investigate its efficiency in transfecting lung bearing tumor of BXB-23 mice model and its ability to transfect the adenoma foci cells. LacZ, which encodes Beta-galactosidase was used in the present study as a reporter gene and was complexed with PEI before delivered intravenously. A high LacZ expression in the alveolar region with some expression in the adenoma foci was observed. On contrary, a low LacZ expression in the alveoli and in the adenoma foci was achieved after instillation of the same polyplex intratracheally.},
  subject      = {Maus},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AfonsoGrunzHoffmeierMuelleretal.2015,
  author    = {Afonso-Grunz, Fabian and Hoffmeier, Klaus and M{\"u}ller, S{\"o}ren and Westermann, Alexander J. and Rotter, Bj{\"o}rn and Vogel, J{\"o}rg and Winter, Peter and Kahl, G{\"u}nter},
  title     = {Dual 3'Seq using deepSuperSAGE uncovers transcriptomes of interacting Salmonella enterica Typhimurium and human host cells},
  series = {BMC Genomics},
  volume    = {16},
  journal   = {BMC Genomics},
  number    = {323},
  doi       = {10.1186/s12864-015-1489-1},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-143230},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {Background: The interaction of eukaryotic host and prokaryotic pathogen cells is linked to specific changes in the cellular proteome, and consequently to infection-related gene expression patterns of the involved cells. To simultaneously assess the transcriptomes of both organisms during their interaction we developed dual 3'Seq, a tag-based sequencing protocol that allows for exact quantification of differentially expressed transcripts in interacting pro-and eukaryotic cells without prior fixation or physical disruption of the interaction. Results: Human epithelial cells were infected with Salmonella enterica Typhimurium as a model system for invasion of the intestinal epithelium, and the transcriptional response of the infected host cells together with the differential expression of invading and intracellular pathogen cells was determined by dual 3'Seq coupled with the next-generation sequencing-based transcriptome profiling technique deepSuperSAGE (deep Serial Analysis of Gene Expression). Annotation to reference transcriptomes comprising the operon structure of the employed S. enterica Typhimurium strain allowed for in silico separation of the interacting cells including quantification of polycistronic RNAs. Eighty-nine percent of the known loci are found to be transcribed in prokaryotic cells prior or subsequent to infection of the host, while 75\% of all protein-coding loci are represented in the polyadenylated transcriptomes of human host cells. Conclusions: Dual 3'Seq was alternatively coupled to MACE (Massive Analysis of cDNA ends) to assess the advantages and drawbacks of a library preparation procedure that allows for sequencing of longer fragments. Additionally, the identified expression patterns of both organisms were validated by qRT-PCR using three independent biological replicates, which confirmed that RELB along with NFKB1 and NFKB2 are involved in the initial immune response of epithelial cells after infection with S. enterica Typhimurium.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AgarwalYangRiceetal.2014,
  author    = {Agarwal, Shailesh R. and Yang, Pei-Chi and Rice, Monica and Singer, Cherie A. and Nikolaev, Viacheslav O. and Lohse, Martin J. and Clancy, Colleen E. and Harvey, Robert D.},
  title     = {Role of Membrane Microdomains in Compartmentation of cAMP Signaling},
  series = {PLOS ONE},
  volume    = {9},
  journal   = {PLOS ONE},
  number    = {4},
  issn      = {1932-6203},
  doi       = {10.1371/journal.pone.0095835},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-116673},
  pages     = {e95835},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Spatially restricting cAMP production to discrete subcellular locations permits selective regulation of specific functional responses. But exactly where and how cAMP signaling is confined is not fully understood. Different receptors and adenylyl cyclase isoforms responsible for cAMP production are not uniformly distributed between lipid raft and non-lipid raft domains of the plasma membrane. We sought to determine the role that these membrane domains play in organizing cAMP responses in HEK293 cells. The freely diffusible FRET-based biosensor Epac2-camps was used to measure global cAMP responses, while versions of the probe targeted to lipid raft (Epac2-MyrPalm) and non-raft (Epac2-CAAX) domains were used to monitor local cAMP production near the plasma membrane. Disruption of lipid rafts by cholesterol depletion selectively altered cAMP responses produced by raft-associated receptors. The results indicate that receptors associated with lipid raft as well as non-lipid raft domains can contribute to global cAMP responses. In addition, basal cAMP activity was found to be significantly higher in non-raft domains. This was supported by the fact that pharmacologic inhibition of adenylyl cyclase activity reduced basal cAMP activity detected by Epac2-CAAX but not Epac2-MyrPalm or Epac2-camps. Responses detected by Epac2-CAAX were also more sensitive to direct stimulation of adenylyl cyclase activity, but less sensitive to inhibition of phosphodiesterase activity. Quantitative modeling was used to demonstrate that differences in adenylyl cyclase and phosphodiesterase activities are necessary but not sufficient to explain compartmentation of cAMP associated with different microdomains of the plasma membrane.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Agarwal2010,
  author    = {Agarwal, Shruti},
  title     = {Functional characterization of four CDK-like kinases and one Calmodulin-dependent kinase of the human malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-48522},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {Malaria still persists as one of the deadliest infectious disease in addition to AIDS and tuberculosis. lt is a leading cause of high mortality and morbidity rates in the developing world despite of groundbreaking research on global eradication of the disease initiated by WHO, about half a century ago. Lack of a commercially available vaccine and rapid spread of drug resistance have hampered the attempts of extinguishing malaria, which still leads to an annual death toll of about one million people. Resistance to anti-malarial compounds thus renders search for new target proteins imperative. The kinome of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum comprises representatives of most eukaryotic protein kinase groups, including kinases which regulate proliferation and differentiation processes. Several reports till date have suggested involvement of parasite kinases in the human host and as well as in the mosquito vector. Kinases essential for life cycle stages of the parasite represent promising targets for anti-malarial compounds thus, provoking characterization of additional malarial kinases. Despite extensive research on most plasmodial enzymes, very little information is available regarding the four identified members of the cyclin dependent kinase like kinase (CLK) family. Thus, the present thesis dealt with the functional characterization of four members of the PfCLK kinase family of the parasite denoted as PfCLK-1/Lammer, PfCLK-2, PfCLK-3 and PfCLK-4 with a special focus on the first two kinases. Additionally, one Ca2+/Calmodulin dependent putative kinase-related protein, PfPKRP, presumed to be involved in sexual stage development of the parasite, was investigated for its expression in the life cycle of the parasite. In other eukaryotes, CLK kinases regulate mRNA splicing through phosphorylation of Serine/Arginine-rich proteins. Transcription analysis revealed abundance of PfCLK kinase genes throughout the asexual blood stages and in gametocytes. By reverse genetics approach it was demonstrated that all four kinases are essential for completion of the asexual replication cycle of P. falciparum. PfCLK 1/Lammer possesses two nuclear localization signals and PfCLK-2 possesses one of these signals upstream of the C-terminal catalytic domains. Protein level expression and sub-cellular localization of the two kinases was determined by generation of antiserum directed against the kinase domains of the respective kinase. Indirect immunofluorescence, Western blot and electron microscopy data confirm that the kinases are primarily localized in the parasite nucleus, and in vitro assays show that both enzymes are associated with phosphorylation activity. Finally, mass spectrometric analysis of co immunoprecipitated proteins shows interactions of the two PfCLK kinases with proteins, which have putative nuclease, phosphatase or helicase functions. PfPKRP on the other hand is predominantly expressed during gametocyte differentiation as identified from transcriptional analysis. Antiserum directed against the catalytic domain of PfPKRP detected the protein expression profile in both asexual and gametocyte parasite lysates. Via immunofluorescence assay, the kinase was localized in the parasite cytoplasm in a punctuated manner, mostly in the gametocyte stages. Reverse genetics resulted in the generation of PfPKRP gene-disruptant parasites, thus demonstrating that unlike CLK kinases, PfPKRP is dispensable for asexual parasite survival and hence might have crucial role in sexual development of the parasite. On one hand, characterization of PfCLK kinases exemplified the kinases involved in parasite replication cycle. Successful gene-disruption and protein expression of PfPKRP kinase on the other hand, demonstrated a role of the kinase in sexual stage development of the parasite. Both kinase families therefore, represent potential candidates for anti-plasmodial compounds.},
  subject      = {Plasmodium falciparum},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Agarwal2008,
  author    = {Agarwal, Vaibhav},
  title     = {Role of PspC interaction with human polymeric immunoglobulin receptor and Factor H in Streptococcus pneumoniae infections and host cell induced signalling},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-36526},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2008},
  abstract  = {Streptococcus pneumoniae ist ein Gram-positives Bakterium und ein Kommensale des humanen Nasenrachenraums. Pneumokokken sind andererseits auch die Verursacher schwerer lokaler Infektionen wie der Otitis media, Sinusitis und von lebensbedrohenden invasiven Erkrankungen. So sind Pneumokokken die wichtigsten Erreger einer ambulant erworbenen Pneumonie und sie sind h{\"a}ufige Verursacher von Septik{\"a}mien und bakteriellen Meningitiden. Die initiale Phase der Pathogenese ist verbunden mit der Besiedelung der mukosalen Epithelzellen des Rachenraumes. Diese Kolonisierung erleichtert die Aufnahme der Bakterien in die Zelle bzw. deren Dissemination in submukosale Bereiche und den Blutstrom. Die Konversion des Kommensalen zu einem invasiven Mikroorganismus ist assoziiert mit der Anpassung des Krankheitserregers an die verschiedenen Wirtsnischen und wird auf der Wirtsseite durch die Zerst{\"o}rung der transepithelialen Barriere begleitet. Die Anpassung des Erregers ist vermutlich ein in hohem Grade regulierter Prozess. Die Oberfl{\"a}che von Streptococcus pneumoniae ist mit Proteinen bedeckt, die kovalent oder nicht kovalent mit der Zellwand verkn{\"u}pft sind. Eine einzigartige Gruppe von Oberfl{\"a}chenproteinen in der Zellwand der Pneumokokken sind die cholinbindenden Proteine (CBPs). F{\"u}r einige der CBPs konnte bereits die Bedeutung f{\"u}r die Virulenz gezeigt werden. PspC, auch als SpsA oder CbpA bezeichnet, ist ein multifunktionales Oberfl{\"a}chenprotein, das als Adhesin und Faktor H-Bindungsprotein eine wichtige Rolle in der Pathogenese der Pneumokokken hat. PspC vermittelt als Adhesin die Anheftung der Bakterien an die mukosalen Epithelzellen, indem es human-spezifisch an die sekretorische Komponente (SC) des polymeren Immunoglobulinrezeptors (pIgR) bindet. SC ist die Ektodom{\"a}ne des pIgR und PspC kann ebenso die freie SC binden oder an die SC des sekretorischen IgA Molek{\"u}ls binden. PspC interagiert auch mit dem l{\"o}slichen Komplement Faktor H. Die SC und der Faktor erkennen zwei verschiedene Epitope im bakteriellen PspC Protein. Der genaue Mechanismus der jeweiligen Interaktionen unter physiologischen- bzw. wirtspezifischen Bedingungen ist noch nicht vollst{\"a}ndig verstanden. In dieser Arbeit wurde die Auswirkung der PspC Interaktion mit dem humanen pIgR (hpIgR) bzw. dem Faktor H auf die Virulenz der Pneumokokken und die Wirtszellantwort, d.h. die induzierten Signalkaskaden in den eukaryotischen Zellen untersucht. Die molekulare Analyse und die Verwendung von spezifischen pharmakologischen Inhibitoren der Signalmolek{\"u}le zeigten, dass verschiedene Signalmolek{\"u}le an der PspC-pIgR vermittelten Internalisierung beteiligt sind. Die Aktivierung, d.h. die Phosphorylierung der Signalmolek{\"u}le wurde in Immunblots demonstriert. Die Studien zeigten, dass das Aktinzytoskelett und die Mikrotubuli f{\"u}r die bakterielle Aufnahme essentiell sind. Es konnte auch zum ersten Mal nachgewiesen werden, dass Cdc42 die entscheidende GTPase f{\"u}r die Invasion der Pneumokokken in die Wirtsepithelzellen, vermittelt {\"u}ber den PspC-hpIgR Mechanismus, ist. Der Einsatz von PI3-kinase und Akt Kinase Inhibitoren reduzierte signifikant die hpIgR-vermittelte Aufnahme der Pneumokokken in die Wirtszelle. Zus{\"a}tzlich durchgef{\"u}hrte Infektionen von hpIgR exprimierenden Zellen zeigten eine zeitabh{\"a}ngige Phosphorylierung von Akt und der p85\&\#945; Untereinheit der PI3-Kinase. Damit ist neben der GTPase Cdc42 der PI3K und Akt Signalweg entscheidend f{\"u}r die PspC-pIgR vermittelte Invasion der Pneumokokken. Des Weiteren sind an der Infektion mit Pneumokokken auch die Protein Tyrosin Kinasen Src, ERK1/2 und JNK beteiligt. Dabei wird die Src Kinase unabh{\"a}ngig von der PI3K in hpIgR exprimierenden Zellen aktiviert. Inhibitionsexperimente und genetische Knockdown Versuche mit siRNA bewiesen, dass die Endozytose der Pneumokokken {\"u}ber PspC-pIgR ein Clathrin und Dynamin abh{\"a}ngiger Mechanismus ist. Im weiterenn Teil der Arbeit wurde der Einfluss des PspC gebundenen Faktor H auf die Anheftung an und Invasion in die Epithelzellen analysiert. Die Bindung von Faktor H erfolgte unabh{\"a}ngig vom PspC-Subtyp. Die Bindungsversuche bewiesen, dass die Kapselmenge negativ korreliert mit der Bindung des Faktor H. Der Einsatz von Faktor H aus Maus oder Ratte zeigte keine typische Bindung. Daraus kann abgeleitet werden, dass diese Interaktion humanspezifisch ist. Die Infektionsexperimente demonstrierten, dass Faktor H die Adh{\"a}renz und die Invasion der Bakterien in die Nasenrachenraumzellen (Detroit562), alveol{\"a}ren Lungenepithelzellen (A549) und humanen Hirnendothelzellen (HBMEC) steigert. Der Faktor H hat Heparin Bindestellen. Diese Bindestellen vermitteln die Adh{\"a}renz der Faktor H gebundenen Pneumokokken mit Epithelzellen. Inhibitionsstudien mit spezifischen monoklonalen Antik{\"o}rpern, die gegen die short consensus repeats (SCRs) von Faktor H gerichtet waren, konnten die essentielle Bedeutung der SCR19-20 f{\"u}r die Anheftung der Pneumokokken {\"u}ber Faktor H an die Wirtszellen nachweisen. Die Faktor H vermittelte Assoziation der Pneumokokken an polymorphonukle{\"a}re Leukozyten (PMNs) erfolgt {\"u}ber das Integrin CD11b/CD18. Die weiteren Inhibitionsstudien zeigten dann auch zum ersten Mal den Einfluss des Aktinzytoskeletts der Wirtszelle auf die Faktor H-vermittelten bakterieller Internalisierung und den dabei bedeutsamen Signaltransduktionswegen in der eukaryotischen Zelle. Dabei wurden insbesondere die Proteintyrosinkinasen und die PI3K als wichtige Signalmolek{\"u}le f{\"u}r die Faktor H vermittelte Invasion der Pneumokokken identifiziert. Die in dieser Arbeit erhaltenen Resultate belegen, dass die Faktor H vermittelte Infektion der Zellen mit S. pneumoniae ein konzertierter Mechanismus ist, bei dem Oberfl{\"a}chen-Glycosaminoglycane, Integrine und Signaltransduktionswege der Wirtsepithelzellen involviert sind. Des Weiteren wurde aufgezeigt, dass die PspC-pIgR-vermittelte Invasion in mukosale Epithelzellen unterschiedliche Signalwege wie z.B. den PI3K und Akt Weg induziert und abh{\"a}ngig von Cdc42 und einer Clathrin vermittelten Endozytosemechanismus ist.},
  subject      = {Streptococcus pneumoniae},
  language  = {en}
}
@book{AgbokhanSandigHaasetal.2023,
  author    = {Agbokhan, Serena and Sandig, Anna and Haas, Thea and Valentin, Francesca and Gasteiger, Annika and von Keller, Anna and Friedmann, Fiona and Wicht, Rebecca and Wintermeyer, Nina and Hofmann, Anna-Lena and Liebich, Alexander and B{\"o}rdlein, Sophie and L{\"u}deritz, Cathrin and Philipp, Sonja and Watermann, Anne and Hercher, Anna},
  title     = {Insights;},
  editor    = {Nelson-Teutsch, Hannah},
  isbn      = {978-3-945459-44-7},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-31700},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-317007},
  publisher      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  pages     = {99},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {The cluster of texts assembled here were imagined, crafted, and brought together as a collaborative writing project that emerged from the seminar titled "Words Matter Worlds: Activist Scholarship and Literary Praxis," which convened over the course of the 2021/22 winter semester as an offering of the American Studies department of the Julius-Maximilians-Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg. Like the seminar that nurtured the considerations that evolve here, these contributions engage with how scholarly writing practices in general, and literary and cultural studies in particular, can remake the world.},
  subject      = {Aktivist},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Agerer2005,
  author    = {Agerer, Franziska},
  title     = {Integrin-vermittelte Invasion von Staphylococcus aureus in S{\"a}ugerzellen},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-14557},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2005},
  abstract  = {Der Gram-positive Erreger Staphylococcus aureus ist ein Bestandteil der normalen Haut und Schleimhautflora des Menschen, kann aber auch ein weites Spektrum von Krankheitsbildern hervorrufen. Ein besonderes Charakteristikum dieses Pathogens besteht in der Expression von Oberfl{\"a}chenstrukturen, welche eine hohe Affinit{\"a}t f{\"u}r Proteine der extrazellul{\"a}ren Matrix (ECM) von eukaryontischen Organismen aufweisen und die kollektiv als MSCRAMM (microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix molecules) bezeichnet werden. Das auf der Bakterienoberfl{\"a}che gebundene Fn kann in der Folge als eine Art molekulare Br{\"u}cke zwischen FnBP exprimierenden S. aureus und dem Fn-Rezeptor auf der Wirtszellseite, dem Integrin 51, dienen. Neben der Anheftung an das Wirtsgewebe kann die indirekte Assoziation mit Integrin 51 die Aufnahme der Bakterien durch die eukaryontische Zelle ausl{\"o}sen. Wie die bakterielle Adh{\"a}sion an Integrin 51 und die Aggregation der Integrine durch die mit Fn-beschichteten Bakterien in ein Signal zur Aufnahme der Pathogene durch die Zelle umgesetzt wird, ist nicht vollst{\"a}ndig gekl{\"a}rt und sollte im Rahmen dieser Arbeit untersucht werden. Zu diesem Zweck wurde ein neues und effektives Protokoll zur fluoreszenzmikroskopischen Differenzierung von extra- und intrazellul{\"a}ren Bakterien entwickelt. Diese Methode besitzt den Vorteil, von Bakterien-spezifischen Antik{\"o}rpern unabh{\"a}ngig zu sein. Dadurch bietet sich die M{\"o}glichkeit, Bakterien, gegen die es noch keine spezifischen Antiseren gibt, dennoch auf ihre zellul{\"a}re Lokalisation und Invasivit{\"a}t mittels mikrobiologischer Methoden untersuchen zu k{\"o}nnen. Im Hinblick auf die n{\"a}here Untersuchung der Signaltransduktion bei der Invasion von S. aureus war die kritische Rolle von Tyrosinkinasen f{\"u}r die Integrin-vermittelte Invasion ein erster wichtiger Hinweis. Diese Befunde f{\"u}hrten zu weiteren spezifischeren Untersuchungen, wobei eine wichtige Rolle f{\"u}r Kinasen der Src Familie gezeigt werden konnte. Ein weiterer Hinweis auf die Bedeutung der Src-Kinasen f{\"u}r die Internalisierung von S. aureus war ein dramatischer R{\"u}ckgang der Aufnahmerate in Src/Yes/Fyn-defizienten Maus-Fibroblasten, verglichen mit Src-rekonstituierten Zellen. Auf biochemischer Ebene konnte eine deutliche Aktivierung der Src-Kinase nach einer Infektion mit S. aureus, nicht aber nach Infektion mit dem nicht-pathogenen S. carnosus festgestellt werden. Integrin-reiche fokale Kontakte (FK) sind angereichert mit Proteinen wie Talin, Vinculin, Paxillin, Tensin, -Actinin oder Zyxin sowie Signalenzymen wie der Fokalen Adh{\"a}sions Kinase (FAK) oder Kinasen der Src Familie. Die Protein Tyrosin Kinase (PTK) FAK ist nach Integrinstimulierung eines der Schl{\"u}sselenzyme in FK. Dies war der Anlass nach der Bedeutung von FAK f{\"u}r die Integrin-vermittelte Internalisierung von S. aureus zu fragen. Ebenfalls ein wichtiger Hinweis waren die starken Rekrutierungen von Markerproteinen von fokalen Komplexen zum Ort von zellgebunden S. aureus nicht aber von S. carnosus. Daraufhin wurde mittels dominant-negativer FAK-Mutanten und FAKdefizienter Mausfibroblasten der Einfluss von FAK f{\"u}r die Internalisierung von S. aureus untersucht. Bei beiden Versuchsans{\"a}tzen konnte ein starker R{\"u}ckgang der Aufnahme beobachtet werden. Zusammengefasst best{\"a}tigten diese Ergebnisse die essentielle Rolle von FAK f{\"u}r die Integrin vermittelte Aufnahme der pathogenen S. aureus. Bei der Reorganisation des Aktin-Zytoskeletts spielen eine Reihe von Proteinen eine wichtige Rolle, darunter auch Cortactin. Cortactin ist ein bekanntes Substrat der Src-Kinasen und es lag nahe, nach einer funktionellen Verbindung von Src, FAK und Cortactin zu suchen. Dominant-negative Cortactin-Mutanten, die keine Assoziation mit dem Arp2/3 Komplex oder mit Dynamin aufweisen, oder welche die von Src-vermittelte Phosphorylierung am C-Terminus verhindern, blockierten die Aufnahme von S. aureus. Mikroskopisch konnte eine starke Rekrutierung von Cortactin zu zellgebundenen S. aureus beobachtet werden, jedoch wurde die Rekrutierung nicht von FAK beeinflusst. Die Phosphorylierung von Cortactin aufgrund S. aureus-Infektion war allerdings FAK- und Src-abh{\"a}ngig. Diese Ergebnisse legen nahe, dass ine bisher unbeschriebene FAK/Src Cortactin Signalachse f{\"u}r die Regulation der Integrin-Internalisierung verantwortlich ist. Die detaillierten Untersuchungen der rezeptorvermittelten Aufnahme und der dabei induzierten Signaltransduktion in Wirtszellen gaben neue Erkenntnisse {\"u}ber die Pathogenit{\"a}tsstrategien von S. aureus. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus erm{\"o}glichen diese Arbeiten neue Einblicke in die molekularen Vorg{\"a}nge, welche die Internalisierung von Integrinen steuern.},
  subject      = {Staphylococcus aureus},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Aggar2024,
  author    = {Aggar, Sara},
  title     = {Plastizit{\"a}t regulatorischer T-Zellen in Abh{\"a}ngigkeit des umgebenden Zytokinmilieus},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-35187},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-351870},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2024},
  abstract  = {Eine Dysbalance zwischen regulatorischen und proinflammatorischen T-Helferzellen kann zu Autoimmunerkrankungen f{\"u}hren. In dieser methodischen Arbeit wurde die Polarisierbarkeit von peripheren T-Lymphozyten durch verschiedene Zytokin-Stimuli untersucht. Hauptziel war es, CD4+CD25-CD127- Lymphozyten durch Stimulation mit einem IL-2 und TGFβ-beinhaltenden Zytokin-Cocktail (Treg-Cocktail) zu iTregs zu polarisieren und deren Suppressionsfunktion auf autologe Effektor-Leukozyten zu untersuchen. Es erfolgte eine Ph{\"a}notypisierung der PBMCs gesunder Probanden, insbesondere im Hinblick auf die Verteilung der T-Lymphozyten-Subpopulationen, deren Zytokinproduktion und FoxP3-Expression. Zudem wurden aus den PBMCs der Probanden Tregs (CD4+CD25+CD127low/-) sowie CD4+CD25-CD127- Zellen isoliert und deren Funktionsf{\"a}higkeit durch die Untersuchung ihrer Suppressionsfunktion auf autologe Effektor-Lymphozyten analysiert. Die Zellen wurden mittels verschiedener Zytokin-Cocktails in Richtung Treg sowie in Richtung Th17-Zellen polarisiert; anschließend wurde die Funktionsf{\"a}higkeit der polarisierten Zellen in Suppression-Assays gemessen. Wir konnten zeigen, dass die CD4+CD25+CD127low/- Zellen Tregs mit der F{\"a}higkeit zur Suppression der Proliferation autologer Effektor-Lymphozyten waren. Bei den CD4+CD25-CD127-Zellen handelte es sich um T-Lymphozyten ohne Suppressionsfunktion. Nach Stimulation der CD4+CD25-CD127-Zellen mit dem Treg-Cocktail zeigten die Zellen eine mit den Tregs vergleichbare Suppressionsfunktion. Mit dieser Studie haben wir eine aktuelle methodische Quelle f{\"u}r die Untersuchung von Ph{\"a}notyp und Funktion regulatorischer T-Zellen sowie f{\"u}r die Stimulation peripherer T-Lymphozyten hin zu Tregs geschaffen, die als Basis f{\"u}r Folgeversuche dienen soll, in denen Zellen von Patienten mit Autoimmunkrankheiten untersucht werden sollen. Da sich die Inflammation bei Autoimmunerkrankungen insbesondere in den betroffenen Geweben abspielt, w{\"a}re eine Studie anzustreben, in der aus dem Blut isolierte T-Lymphozyten den Zellen aus den entz{\"u}ndeten Geweben gegen{\"u}bergestellt werden. Erg{\"a}nzend sollte eine Ph{\"a}notypisierung der Tregs und der CD4+CD25-CD127- Zellen nach der Zytokin-Stimulation erfolgen. Zusammenfassend konnte die Plastizit{\"a}t peripherer T-Lymphozyten in Richtung Treg gezeigt werden. Besonders hervorzuheben ist die bislang wenig untersuchte Zellpopulation der CD4+CD25-CD127- Zellen, die eine vielversprechende Zellpopulation f{\"u}r die in vitro Induktion von Tregs darstellt.},
  subject      = {Regulatorischer T-Lymphozyt},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{AghaiZimmermannKurlbaumetal.2021,
  author    = {Aghai, Fatemeh and Zimmermann, Sebastian and Kurlbaum, Max and Jung, Pius and Pelzer, Theo and Klinker, Hartwig and Isberner, Nora and Scherf-Clavel, Oliver},
  title     = {Development and validation of a sensitive liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry assay for the simultaneous determination of ten kinase inhibitors in human serum and plasma},
  series = {Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry},
  volume    = {413},
  journal   = {Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry},
  issn      = {1618-2642},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00216-020-03031-7},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-231925},
  pages     = {599-612},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {A liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for the analysis of ten kinase inhibitors (afatinib, axitinib, bosutinib,cabozantinib, dabrafenib, lenvatinib, nilotinib, osimertinib, ruxolitinib, and trametinib) in human serum and plasma for theapplication in daily clinical routine has been developed and validated according to the US Food and Drug Administration andEuropean Medicines Agency validation guidelines for bioanalytical methods. After protein precipitation of plasma samples withacetonitrile, chromatographic separation was performed at ambient temperature using a Waters XBridge® Phenyl 3.5μm(2.1×50 mm) column. The mobile phases consisted of water-methanol (9:1, v/v) with 10 mM ammonium bicarbonate as phase A andmethanol-water (9:1, v/v) with 10 mM ammonium bicarbonate as phase B. Gradient elution was applied at a flow rate of 400μL/min. Analytes were detected and quantified using multiple reaction monitoring in electrospray ionization positive mode. Stableisotopically labeled compounds of each kinase inhibitor were used as internal standards. The acquisition time was 7.0 min perrun. All analytes and internal standards eluted within 3.0 min. The calibration curves were linear over the range of 2-500 ng/mLfor afatinib, axitinib, bosutinib, lenvatinib, ruxolitinib, and trametinib, and 6-1500 ng/mL for cabozantinib, dabrafenib, nilotinib,and osimertinib (coefficients of correlation≥0.99). Validation assays for accuracy and precision, matrix effect, recovery,carryover, and stability were appropriate according to regulatory agencies. The rapid and sensitive assay ensures high throughputand was successfully applied to monitor concentrations of kinase inhibitors in patients.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Aghazadeh2013,
  author    = {Aghazadeh, Yashar},
  title     = {Vagus-evozierte Potentiale zur Fr{\"u}hdiagnose der Alzheimer-Erkrankung},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-85038},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {Die Ergebnisse von bisherigen neuropathologischen Studien konnten die wichtige Bedeutung bestimmter Hirnstammareale bei der Pathogenese der Alzheimer-Erkrankung belegen. Zu diesen Strukturen geh{\"o}ren vor allem die Vaguskerngebiete, die in Anbetracht der zeitlich-topographischen Entwicklungsdynamik der AD als fr{\"u}he Pr{\"a}dilektionsstellen f{\"u}r die Alzheimer-typischen Pathologien fungieren k{\"o}nnten. Eine Ausbreitung dieser Pathologie nach kranial, wie etwa ins limbische System und in andere kortikale Hirnregionen, erfolgt erst in sp{\"a}teren Krankheitsstadien. Deshalb w{\"a}re es im Hinblick auf die Fr{\"u}herkennung einer AD von großem diagnostischem Nutzen, eine geeignete nicht-invasive Methode zum Nachweis der Hirnstammaffektion zu entwickeln. Diese k{\"o}nnte insbesondere im Rahmen eines Screeningprogrammes f{\"u}r MCI-Patienten, die ohnehin ein stark erh{\"o}htes Risiko f{\"u}r Entwicklung einer AD aufweisen, eingesetzt werden. In Anbetracht solcher makroskopisch oft nicht sichtbarer pathologischer Ver{\"a}nderungen im Hirnstamm, die meist der Nachweisbarkeit durch die strukturelle moderne Bildgebung entgehen, ist die Technik der Vagus-evozierten Potentiale (VSEP) wegen ihrer exzellenten zeitlichen Aufl{\"o}sung m{\"o}glicherweise in der Lage, durch Erfassung der Funktionsst{\"o}rungen der Vagus-Kerngebiete, eine Affektion dieser Strukturen festzustellen. Eine solche Funktionsst{\"o}rung sollte sich dann als eine Latenzverz{\"o}gerung der Potentiale darstellen. Zu diesem Zweck wurden in dieser Arbeit insgesamt 52 Personen (13 Alzheimer-Patienten, 12 MCI-Patienten und 27 gesunden Probanden) in einer ersten Sitzung neuropsychologisch und in der zweiten Sitzung elektrophysiologisch untersucht, wobei in der ersten Sitzung zus{\"a}tzlich eine ausf{\"u}hrliche Anamnese erhoben wurde. In der zweiten Sitzung wurde dann nach elektrischer Stimulation des Hautastes des N. Vagus am {\"a}ußeren Geh{\"o}rgang auf beiden Seiten mittels 2 haard{\"u}nnen Kupferdr{\"a}hten, jeweils die VSEP in Form der Fernfeldpotentiale {\"u}ber EEG-Elektroden abgeleitet. Die Stimulation erfolgte analog zu den vorangegangenen Arbeiten mit einer Stimulationsst{\"a}rke von 8mA, einer Stimulationsdauer von 0,1 msec und einem Interstimulusintervall von 2 sec, zuerst auf der rechten und danach auf der linken Seite mit 100 Wiederholungen pro Seite, wobei nach 50 artefaktfreien Kurven in einer Stimulationspause von 5 sek. die Stimulationselektroden in ihrer Polarisierung manuell gedreht wurden. Da es bisher keine Standarddefinition f{\"u}r die fr{\"u}hestm{\"o}gliche Latenz (P1) bei der Ableitung der VSEP existiert, wurde in dieser Arbeit die Auswertung der VSEP mit zwei Methoden durchgef{\"u}hrt, wobei die erste Latenz P1 im ersten Ansatz abh{\"a}ngig und im zweiten Ansatz unabh{\"a}ngig von der Potentialamplitude definiert wurde. Demnach konnten je nach Analysemethode unterschiedliche Anzahlen an auswertbaren Potentialkurven eingeschlossen werden. Die dieser Arbeit zugrunde liegende Hypothese, dass die VSEP bei Alzheimer-Patienten sich gegen{\"u}ber MCI-Patienten und Kontrollpersonen durch eine Latenzverz{\"o}gerung kennzeichnen, konnte in der prim{\"a}ren statistischen Auswertung mittels Bi- und Univarianzanalyse (3x2 und 3x1 ANOVA) nicht best{\"a}tigt werden, und zwar weder im amplitudenabh{\"a}ngigen noch im amplitudenunabh{\"a}ngigen Modul. Eine der m{\"o}glichen Erkl{\"a}rungen hierf{\"u}r ist die geringe Anzahl an untersuchten Patienten, sodass die zuk{\"u}nftigen Studien mit gr{\"o}ßeren Subgruppen erfolgen sollen. Erst nach statistischer Analyse von hemisph{\"a}renspezifischen Mittelwerten und zwar nur f{\"u}r die rechte Hemisph{\"a}re konnte ausschließlich f{\"u}r P2 in der amplitudenunabh{\"a}ngigen Auswertung ein hypothesenkonformes Ergebnis erreicht werden. Eine Latenzverz{\"o}gerung in der MCI-Gruppe gegen{\"u}ber Kontrollpersonen konnte in den statistischen Analysen nicht gezeigt werden. In der ersten Sitzung wurde bei allen Patienten und Probanden mittels CERAD-Testbatterie der neuropsychologische Status erhoben. Anschließend wurden die Ergebnisse der VSEP aus der amplitudenunabh{\"a}ngigen Auswertung und CERAD miteinander verglichen, woraus sich eine signifikant negative Korrelation zwischen den einzelnen Testabschnitten (Semantische Fl{\"u}ssigkeit, Lernen und Speichern einer Wortliste sowie Figurenabzeichnung) und den Latenzzeiten ergab. Außerdem wurde zwecks Screening und besserem Vergleich mit den Voruntersuchungen im Rahmen der klinischen Betreuung der Patienten, der kurze neuropsychologische Test DemTect durchgef{\"u}hrt. F{\"u}r die Weiterentwicklung der Methode der VESP ist es unerl{\"a}sslich, mittels weiteren Studien die Entwicklung der evozierten Potentiale bei den bereits untersuchten Personen im Verlauf zu beobachten. Die Dynamik der MCI mit erh{\"o}htem Risiko zur Entwicklung einer AD macht es verst{\"a}ndlich, dass eine solche Verlaufskontrolle insbesondere in dieser Gruppe sehr erstrebenswert ist. Parallel zu den klinischen Verlaufskontrollen, die in der Ged{\"a}chtnisambulanz der Klinik und Poliklinik f{\"u}r Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie der Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg bei nahezu allen MCI- und AD-Patienten durchgef{\"u}hrt wurden, wurde zur Evaluation der Ver{\"a}nderungen der VSEP f{\"u}r die in dieser Studie eingeschlossenen Patienten ein 12-monatiges Zeitintervall f{\"u}r die Verlaufsmessung der VSEP gew{\"a}hlt. Diese Verlaufsmessung wurde nach dem Abschluss dieser Arbeit von der Arbeitsgruppe von Thomas Polak et al. in der oben genannten Klinik durchgef{\"u}hrt und wird eigenst{\"a}ndig beschrieben. Solche Verlaufskontrollen k{\"o}nnen es erm{\"o}glichen, im Falle des {\"U}bergangs der MCI in AD fr{\"u}hzeitig mit aktuellen symptomatischen Behandlungen und insbesondere zuk{\"u}nftig zu entwickelnden neuroprotektiven Therapien zu beginnen. Hierdurch bestehen prinzipiell gr{\"o}ßere Erfolgsaussichten, die Progression der irreversiblen Nervenzellsch{\"a}digung im Rahmen der neurodegenerativen Erkrankung zu verlangsamen oder gar aufzuhalten.},
  subject      = {Alzheimer-Krankheit},
  language  = {de}
}
@phdthesis{Agnetta2019,
  author    = {Agnetta, Luca},
  title     = {Novel Photoswitchable and Dualsteric Ligands Acting on Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors for Receptor Function Investigation},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-18717},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-187170},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {G protein-coupled receptor research looks out for new technologies to elucidate the complex processes of receptor activation, function and downstream signaling with spatiotemporal resolution, preferably in living cells and organisms. A thriving approach consists in making use of the unsurpassed properties of light, including its high precision in space and time, noninvasiveness and high degree of orthogonality regarding biological processes. This is realized by the incorporation of molecular photoswitches, which are able to effectively respond to light, such as azobenzene, into the structure of a ligand of a given receptor. The muscarinic acetylcholine receptors belong to class A GPCRs and have received special attention in this regard due to their role as a prototypic pharmacological system and their therapeutic potential. They mediate the excitatory and inhibitory effects of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine and thus regulate diverse important biological processes, especially many neurological functions in our brain. In this work, the application of photopharmacological tool compounds to muscarinic receptors is presented, consisting of pharmacophores extended with azobenzene as light-responsive motif. Making use of the dualsteric concept, such photochromic ligands can be designed to bind concomitantly to the orthosteric and allosteric binding site of the receptor, which is demonstrated for BQCAAI (M1) and PAI (M2) and may lead to subtype- and functionalselective photoswitchable ligands, suitable for further ex vivo and in vivo studies. Moreover, photoswitchable ligands based on the synthetic agonist iperoxo were investigated extensively with regard to their photochemical behavior and pharmacological profile, outlining the advantages and challenges of using red-shifted molecular photoswitches, such as tetraortho- fluoro azobenzene. For the first time on a GPCR it was examined, which impact the different substitution pattern has on both the binding and the activity on the M1 receptor. Results show that substituted azobenzenes in photopharmacological compounds (F4-photoiperoxo and F4-iper-azo-iper) not just represent analogs with other photophysical properties but can exhibit a considerably different biological profile that has to be investigated carefully. The achievements gained in this study can give important new insights into the binding mode and time course of activation processes, enabling precise spatial and temporal resolution of the complex signaling pathway of muscarinic receptors. Due to their role as exemplary model system, these findings may be useful for the investigation into other therapeutically relevant GPCRs.},
  subject      = {Muscarinrezeptor},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Agorastou2022,
  author    = {Agorastou, Vaia},
  title     = {Nycthemerale Augeninnendruckschwankungen und Glaukomprogression},
  doi       = {10.25972/OPUS-26417},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-264176},
  school      = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Die n{\"a}chtliche (24-st{\"u}ndige) {\"U}berwachung des intraokularen Drucks (IOD) bei station{\"a}ren Glaukompatienten wird in Europa seit mehr als 100 Jahren eingesetzt, um Spitzenwerte zu erkennen, die w{\"a}hrend der regul{\"a}ren Sprechstundenzeiten {\"u}bersehen werden. Daten, die diese Praxis unterst{\"u}tzen, fehlen, zum Teil weil es schwierig ist, manuell erstellte IOD-Kurven mit dem objektiven Verlauf des Glaukoms zu korrelieren. Um dieses Problem zu beheben, haben wir automatisierte IOD-Datenextraktionswerkzeuge eingesetzt und auf eine Korrelation mit einem fortschreitenden Verlust der retinalen Nervenfaserschicht auf der optischen Koh{\"a}renztomographie im Spektralbereich (SDOCT) getestet.},
  subject      = {Glaukom},
  language  = {de}
}