@phdthesis{Klein2015, author = {Klein, Johannes Hubert}, title = {Electron Transfer and Spin Chemistry in Iridium-Dipyrrin Dyads and Triads}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-118726}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2015}, abstract = {The successful synthesis of a family of donor-iridium complex-acceptor triads (T1-T6, pMV1 and mMV1) and their electrochemical and photophysical properties were presented in this work. Triarylamines (TAA) were used as donors and naphthalene diimide (NDI) as acceptor. A bis-cyclometalated phenylpyrazole iridium dipyrrin complex acts as a photosensitiser. In addition, a molecular structure of T1 was obtained by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Transient absorption spectroscopy experiments of these triads resembled that upon excitation a photoinduced electron transfer efficiently generates long-lived, charge-separated (CS) states. Thereby, the electron-transfer mechanism depends on the excitation energy. The presence of singlet and triplet CS states was clarified by magnetic-field dependent transient-absorption spectroscopy in the nanosecond time regime. It was demonstrated that the magnetic field effect of charge-recombination kinetics showed for the first time a transition from the coherent to the incoherent spin-flip regime. The lifetime of the CS states could be drastically prolonged by varying the spacer between the iridium complex and the NDI unit by using a biphenyl instead of a phenylene unit in T4. A mixed-valence (MV) state of two TAA donors linked to an iridium metal centre were generated upon photoexcitation of triad pMV1 and mMV1. The mixed-valence character in these triads was proven by the analysis of an intervalence charge-transfer (IV-CT) band in the (near-infrared) NIR spectral region by femtosecond pump-probe experiments. These findings were supported by TD-DFT calculations. The synthesis of dyads (D1-D4) was performed. Thereby the dipyrrin ligand was substituted with electron withdrawing groups. The electrochemical and photophysical characterisation revealed that in one case (D4) it was possible to generate a CS state upon photoexcitation.}, subject = {Elektronentransfer}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Kaethner2015, author = {K{\"a}thner, Ivo R. J.}, title = {Auditory and visual brain-computer interfaces as communication aids for persons with severe paralysis}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-135477}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) could provide a muscle-independent communication channel to persons with severe paralysis by translating brain activity into device commands. As a means of communication, in particular BCIs based on event-related potentials (ERPs) as control signal have been researched. Most of these BCIs rely on visual stimulation and have been investigated with healthy participants in controlled laboratory environments. In proof-of-principle studies targeted end users gained control over BCI systems; however, these systems are not yet established as an assistive technology for persons who would most benefit from them. The main aim of this thesis is to advance the usability of ERP-BCIs for target users. To this end, five studies with BCIs have been conducted that enabled users to communicate by focusing their attention on external stimuli. Two studies were conducted in order to demonstrate the advantages and to further improve the practical application of visual BCIs. In the first study, mental workload was experimentally manipulated during prolonged BCI operation. The study showed the robustness of the visual ERP-BCI since users maintained a satisfactory level of control despite constant distraction in the form of background noise. Moreover, neurophysiological markers that could potentially serve as indicators of high mental workload or fatigue were revealed. This is a first step towards future applications in which the BCI could adapt to the mental state of the user (e.g. pauses if high mental workload is detected to prevent false selections). In the second study, a head-mounted display (HMD), which assures that stimuli are presented in the field of view of the user, was evaluated. High accuracies and information transfer rates, similar to a conventional display, were achieved by healthy participants during a spelling task. Furthermore, a person in the locked-in state (LIS) gained control over the BCI using the HMD. The HMD might be particularly suited for initial communication attempts with persons in the LIS in situations, where mounting a conventional monitor is difficult or not feasible. Visual ERP-BCIs could prove valuable for persons with residual control over eye muscles and sufficient vision. However, since a substantial number of target users have limited control over eye movements and/or visual impairments, BCIs based on non-visual modalities are required. Therefore, a main aspect of this thesis was to improve an auditory paradigm that should enable motor impaired users to spell by focusing attention on different tones. The two conducted studies revealed that healthy participants were able to achieve high spelling performance with the BCI already in the first session and stress the importance of the choice of the stimulus material. The employed natural tones resulted in an increase in performance compared to a previous study that used artificial tones as stimuli. Furthermore, three out of five users with a varying degree of motor impairments could gain control over the system within the five conducted sessions. Their performance increased significantly from the first to the fifth session - an effect not previously observed for visual ERP-BCIs. Hence, training is particularly important when testing auditory multiclass BCIs with potential users. A prerequisite for user satisfaction is that the BCI technology matches user requirements. In this context, it is important to compare BCIs with already established assistive technology. Thus, the fifth study of this dissertation evaluated gaze dependent methods (EOG, eye tracking) as possible control signals for assistive technology and a binary auditory BCI with a person in the locked-in state. The study participant gained control over all tested systems and rated the ease of use of the BCI as the highest among the tested alternatives, but also rated it as the most tiring due to the high amount of attention that was needed for a simple selection. Further efforts are necessary to simplify operation of the BCI. The involvement of end users in all steps of the design and development process of BCIs will increase the likelihood that they can eventually be used as assistive technology in daily life. The work presented in this thesis is a substantial contribution towards the goal of re-enabling communication to users who cannot rely on motor activity to convey their thoughts.}, subject = {Gehirn-Computer Schnittstelle}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{OPUS4-12520, title = {Gewalt und Gesellschaft. Dimensionen der Gewalt in ur- und fr{\"u}hgeschichtlicher Zeit}, editor = {Link, Thomas and Peter-R{\"o}cher, Heidi}, publisher = {Verlag Dr. Rudolf Habelt GmbH, Bonn}, isbn = {978-3-7749-3929-5}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-125205}, year = {2014}, abstract = {Im Fokus der Tagung standen verschiedene Formen der Gewalt in ihrer Bindung an soziale Strukturen von der Steinzeit bis in das fr{\"u}he Mittelalter. Die Beitr{\"a}ge blieben nicht auf das Thema Krieg beschr{\"a}nkt, das auch bereits Gegenstand einiger anderer Symposien war, sondern versuchten vielmehr, unterschiedliche Gewaltformen und Ebenen in ihrem gesellschaftlichen und kulturgeschichtlichen Kontext zu differenzieren. Da die meisten bisherigen Untersuchungen zu Gewalt und Krieg auf einzelne Epochen und Regionen bezogen sind, war ein Ziel der Tagung, eine diachrone und {\"u}berregionale Betrachtungsweise anzuregen. Ein weiteres Hauptanliegen war die F{\"o}rderung des interdisziplin{\"a}ren Dialogs zwischen Arch{\"a}ologie und Anthropologie. In vielen Beitr{\"a}gen wurde die nach wie vor h{\"a}ufig anzutreffende Gleichsetzung von Gewalt und Krieg kritisch hinterfragt und stattdessen deutlich gemacht, dass Gewalt in vielf{\"a}ltiger Form auch außerhalb des Kontexts kriegerischer Handlungen in mehr oder weniger „allt{\"a}glichen" Situationen auftritt. Problematisch stellten sich dabei zun{\"a}chst die verschiedenen divergierenden Definitionen des Gewaltbegriffs in unterschiedlichen Forschungstraditionen dar, ihre Gegen{\"u}berstellung f{\"u}hrte aber schließlich zu einer ausgesprochen fruchtbaren Diskussion. Ein wichtiges Fazit der Tagung ist, dass lineare Modelle zur Entwicklung der Gewalt in der Menschheitsgeschichte viel zu vereinfachend sind und einer differenzierten Betrachtung der Quellen weichen m{\"u}ssen. Gewalt f{\"u}gt sich in kein einfaches evolutives Schema, sondern ist als kulturelles Ph{\"a}nomen Bestandteil gesellschaftlicher Prozesse. Sie muss in ihrem jeweiligen kulturhistorischen Kontext betrachtet und verstanden werden. Die im Rahmen des Symposiums pr{\"a}sentierten Fallbeispiele zeigten vielversprechende Ans{\"a}tze hierzu auf. Eine Herausforderung f{\"u}r die Arch{\"a}ologie wird es jedoch sein, ein differenzierteres Bild der Vergangenheit auch interdisziplin{\"a}r zu kommunizieren und gegen die nach wie vor dominanten, zur {\"U}bersimplifizierung neigenden Modelle im sozial- und kulturwissenschaftlichen Diskurs zu positionieren. Die Tagung „Gewalt und Gesellschaft" versteht sich als Beitrag zur Weiterentwicklung tragf{\"a}higer arch{\"a}ologischer und anthropologischer Grundlagen f{\"u}r einen zuk{\"u}nftigen fundierten Dialog.}, subject = {Vor- und Fr{\"u}hgeschichte}, language = {de} } @book{OPUS4-15202, title = {Kommunikation und Repr{\"a}sentation in den romanischen Kulturen. Festschrift f{\"u}r Gerhard Penzkofer}, editor = {Hornung, Christoph and Lambrecht, Gabriella-Maria and Sendner, Annika}, publisher = {AVM.edition}, address = {M{\"u}nchen}, isbn = {9783954770557}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-152021}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, pages = {415}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Diese Festschrift ehrt den Romanisten und Slawisten Gerhard Penzkofer anl{\"a}sslich seines 65. Geburtstags. Kolleginnen und Kollegen sowie Sch{\"u}lerinnen und Sch{\"u}ler, die Gerhard Penzkofer auf seinem bisherigen Weg unter anderem in M{\"u}nchen, Bamberg und W{\"u}rzburg sowohl fachlich als auch pers{\"o}nlich nahestanden, publizieren hier Beitr{\"a}ge, die von seinen Forschungen inspiriert sind. Im Zentrum dieser Untersuchungen, die den italienischen, franz{\"o}sischen und spanischen Sprachraum umschließen, steht das Verh{\"a}ltnis von Kommunikation und Repr{\"a}sentation. Dabei umfassen die Beitr{\"a}ge Aspekte, die historisch vom Mittelalter bis zum 20. Jahrhundert und thematisch von der mittelalterlichen Exempelsammlung bis zur postdiktatorialen Geschichtskonstruktion reichen.}, subject = {Kommunikation }, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Gehring2001, author = {Gehring, Iris}, title = {Volcanostratigraphy using geophysical methods on La Fossa di Vulcano (S-Italy)}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-1181941}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2001}, abstract = {For many active volcanoes all over the world a civil protection program, normally combined with hazard maps, exists. Optimising of hazard maps and the associated hazard assessment implies a detailed knowledge of the volcanostratigraphy, because the deposits provoke information on the potential behaviour during a new activity cycle. Pyroclastic deposits, however, may vary widely in thickness and distribution over very short lateral distances. High resolution characterisation of single strata often cannot be archived, if solely sedimentological and geochemical methods are used. Gamma-ray measurements taken in the field combined with grain-size depended magnetic susceptibility measurements made in the laboratory are used in this work to optimise the resolution of volcanostratigraphic investigations. The island of Vulcano is part of the Aeolian Archipelago sited of the northern coast of Sicily. La Fossa cone is the active centre of Vulcano, where fumarolic and seismic activity can be observed. The cone was built up during the last 6,000 years, whereby the last eruption period is dated to historic times (1888-1890). For the tuff cone La Fossa the most likely volcanic hazards are the emplacement of pyroclastic deposits as well as gas hazards (especially SOx and CO2), due to this the detailed knowledge of the stratigraphy is mandatory. Most of the population resides in Vulcano Porto and the nearby sited peninsula of Vulcanello, which are highly endangered locations for a future eruption scenario. Measurements, made in standard outcrops, allow a characterisation of the successions Punte Nere, Tufi Varicolori, Palizzi, Commenda, and Cratere Attuale. A discrimination of all successions by solely one of the methods is rarely possible. In some cases, however, the combination of the methods leads to clear results. It can also be noticed that the exposition as well as the sedimentation type (wet-surge or dry-surge deposits) affect the measurements. In general it can be assumed that the higher the magma is evolved the higher the g -ray values and the lower the susceptibility values. Measurements from the Wingertsberg (Laacher See deposits, Eifel, W-Germany) show clearly that a higher degree of magma evolution correlates with lower susceptibility and higher gamma-ray values. Variations of the values can be observed not only by the change of the degree of magmatic evolution but also by the inhomogeneous deposition conditions. Particularly the gamma-ray measurements show lower values for the wet-surge deposits than for the dry-surge deposits, even though the erupted material has the same geochemical composition. This can be explained especially by reactions inside of the moist eruption cloud and short-time after deposition, when easily soluble elements like K, U, and Th can be leached by these aggressive fluids. Even extended exposition and high water content can provoke depletion of various elements within the complete or parts of the outcrop, too. If the deposits are affected by a fumarolic activity especially the susceptibility values show significant variations, whereas in general extreme low values are observed. Contamination of deposits also can occur, if they are overlain by weathered deposits of higher concentration of K, U, and Th. Weathering and mobilisation within the upper deposits can generate an element enrichment within the lower deposits. In general the element ratios of the barried underlying deposits are less affected than the exposed ones. After gauging the values of the well defined succession for standard outcrops undefined outcrops were measured. These outcrops are not clearly classified by sedimentological and geochemical methods, thus a correlation with the combined geophysical methods is useful. In general the combination of the methods allows a correlation, although in some cases more than one interpretation is possible. But in connection with time marker horizons as well as sedimentological features an interpretation is feasible. These situations show that a classification solely based on geophysical methods is possible for many cases but, if the volcanic system is more complex, a combination with sedimentological and geochemical methods may be needed. The investigations on Vulcano, documented in this work, recommend a re-interpretation of the dispersial of some successions of La Fossa cone, especially the presumption that Tufi Varicolori only exist inside of the Caldera of La Fossa. As a consequence the eruption and energy model especially for Tufi Varicolori have to be reviewed.}, subject = {Vulcano}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Dorbath2016, author = {Dorbath, Benedikt}, title = {Die Logik der Christenverfolgungen durch den R{\"o}mischen Staat}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-140702}, school = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {2016}, abstract = {In der Dissertation wird vornehmlich die Perspektive des R{\"o}mischen Staates eingenommen, aus der heraus er zu Maßnahmen gegen die Institution der Kirche, deren Amtstr{\"a}ger und Anh{\"a}nger aus dem Laienstand schritt. Es wird zu zeigen versucht, welche (religions-)politischen {\"U}berlegungen und Hintergr{\"u}nde die antichristliche Agenda der einzelnen Verfolgerkaiser hervorriefen und v.a. inwiefern die einmal gemachten Erfahrungen das Vorgehen der sp{\"a}teren Verfolger beeinflussten, so dass eine sich steigernde, auf einem "Vorwissen" um die Beschaffenheit des "Gegners" aufbauende Logik der Verfolgungsmaßnahmen erkennbar wird. Der Schwerpunkt der Arbeit liegt auf den Christenverfolgungen von Kaiser Decius bis Maximinus Daia, wobei ein umfangreicheres Kapitel {\"u}ber die Gepflogenheiten der r{\"o}mischen Religion und des Kaiserkultes vorausgeschickt wird.}, subject = {Christenverfolgung}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Voelker2021, author = {V{\"o}lker, Ulf Gunnar}, title = {Die Pr{\"u}fungshonorare branchenspezialisierter Wirtschaftspr{\"u}fer in der deutschen Versicherungsbranche}, edition = {1. Auflage}, publisher = {W{\"u}rzburg University Press}, address = {W{\"u}rzburg}, isbn = {978-3-95826-156-3}, doi = {10.25972/WUP-978-3-95826-157-0}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-231746}, school = {W{\"u}rzburg University Press}, pages = {XXIV, 374}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Trotz der immensen {\"o}konomischen Bedeutung von Versicherungen f{\"u}r marktwirtschaftlich orientierte Volkswirtschaften haben sich bis dato nur wenige nationale und internationale Forschungsarbeiten dem Abschlusspr{\"u}fermarkt f{\"u}r Versicherungsunternehmen gewidmet. Die vorliegende Arbeit hat sich dieser Thematik angenommen und liefert empirische Resultate bez{\"u}glich des Abschlusspr{\"u}fermarktes f{\"u}r Versicherungsunternehmen in Deutschland. Neben einer detaillierten Strukturanalyse steht hierbei die Frage im Fokus, ob testierende Pr{\"u}fungspartner, welche in Bezug auf die deutsche Versicherungsbranche einen hohen Spezialisierungsgrad aufweisen, die H{\"o}he des erhobenen Pr{\"u}fungshonorars beeinflussen. Dabei wird auch der Tatsache Rechnung getragen, dass in Deutschland gew{\"o}hnlich zwei Wirtschaftspr{\"u}fer (Links- und Rechtsunterzeichner) mit unterschiedlichen Aufgaben- und Verantwortungsbereichen den Jahres- bzw. den Konzernabschluss testieren. Die Resultate liefern Evidenz daf{\"u}r, dass insbesondere Rechtsunterzeichner, denen entweder aufgrund ihres verh{\"a}ltnism{\"a}ßig hohen Marktanteils bei Abschlusspr{\"u}fungen in der Versicherungsbranche oder aufgrund ihrer Mitgliedschaft im IDW-Versicherungsfachausschuss ein hoher Spezialisierungsgrad zugesprochen wird, {\"o}konomisch relevante Honoraraufschl{\"a}ge erzielen k{\"o}nnen.}, subject = {Abschlusspr{\"u}fer}, language = {de} } @book{KollerWegsteinWolf1990, author = {Koller, Erwin and Wegstein, Werner and Wolf, Norbert Richard}, title = {Neuhochdeutscher Index zum mittelhochdeutschen Wortschatz}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-35530}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t W{\"u}rzburg}, year = {1990}, abstract = {No abstract available}, subject = {Deutsch / W{\"o}rterbuch / Mittelhochdeutsch}, language = {de} }