Dokument-ID Dokumenttyp Verfasser/Autoren Herausgeber Haupttitel Abstract Auflage Verlagsort Verlag Erscheinungsjahr Seitenzahl Schriftenreihe Titel Schriftenreihe Bandzahl ISBN Quelle der Hochschulschrift Konferenzname Quelle:Titel Quelle:Jahrgang Quelle:Heftnummer Quelle:Erste Seite Quelle:Letzte Seite URN DOI Abteilungen OPUS4-5340 Wissenschaftlicher Artikel Hong, Yunhan; Winkler, Christoph; Brem, Gottfried; Schartl, Manfred Development of a heavy metal-inducible fish-specific expression vector for gene transfer in vitro and in vivo The promoter of the rainbow trout metallothionein B gene ( tMTb) was isolated from genomic DNA by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR ), fused to the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) genein an expression vector, and functionally analyzed in one human cellline and four fish celllines. This promoter exhibited an extremely low basal expression in all celllines and was zincand cadmium-inducible except in the fish melanoma cell line where the promoter was completely inactive. The metal-induced expression patterns were cellline-specific. In general the fish promoter was more species- and cell type-specific than its human counterpart. In a transient assay it was functional in developing embryos of the medaka ( Oryzias /atipes). These properties make this promoter suitable for inducible, tissue-specific expression of transgenes and for in vivo studies of gene function and regulation. 1993 urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61666 Theodor-Boveri-Institut für Biowissenschaften OPUS4-5339 Wissenschaftlicher Artikel Nanda, Indrajit; Schartl, Manfred; Epplen, Jörg T.; Feichtinger, Wolfgang; Schmid, Michael Primitive sex chromosomes in poeciliid fishes harbor simple repetitive DNA sequences The demonstration ofthe chromosomal mode ofsex determinationvia genetic experiments as well as the absence of heteromorphic sex chromosomes affirm poeciliid fishes as a unique group among vertebrates that are endowed with the mostprimitive form of sex chromosornes. In many different taxa the evolutionary process involved in the differentiation ofadvanced sex chromosomes is outlined through sex specifically organized repetitive sequences. In this investigation hydridization of synthetic probes specific to genomic simple repeat motifs uncovers a sex-specific hybridization pattern in certain viviparaus fishes ofthe family Poeciliidae. The hybridization pattern together with specific staining ofthe constitutive heterochromatin by C-banding reveals heterogamety in males (Poecilia reticulata) as weil as in females (P. sphenops). In P. velifera, however, C-banding alone fails to unravel the heterogametic status. The female specific W-chromosome can be detected by simple repetitive sequence probes. Therefore, the principal significance of heterochromatization as a means of generating differentiated sex chromosomes is evident. 1993 urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61659 Theodor-Boveri-Institut für Biowissenschaften OPUS4-5338 Wissenschaftlicher Artikel Schartl, Manfred; Erbelding-Denk, Claudia; Holter, Sabine; Nanda, Indrajit; Schmid, Michael; Schroder, Johannes H.; Epplen, Jörg T. Reproductive failure of dominant males in the poeciliid fish Limia perugiae determined by DNA fingerprinting Hierarchical structures among male indlviduals in a population are frequently reflected ln differences in aggressive and reproductive behavior and access to the females. In general, sodal dominance requires the Investments, which in turn then may have to be compensated for by high reproductive success. However, this hypothesls has so far only been sufficiently tested in small mating groups (one or two males with one or two females) due to the difficulties of determining paternity by conventional methods. DNA fingerprinting overcomes these problems by offering the possibility to determine genetic relationships and mating patterns within larger groups [Borke, T. (1989) Trends Ecol. Evol. 4, 139-144]. We show here that in the poecUiid fish Limia perugitu, in small matlng groups the dominant male has 8 mating success of 100%, whereas ln larger groups lts contribution to the offspring unexpectedly drops to zero. 1993 urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61643 Theodor-Boveri-Institut für Biowissenschaften OPUS4-5337 Wissenschaftlicher Artikel Adam, Dieter; Dimitrijevic, Nicola; Schartl, Manfred Tumor suppression in Xiphophorus by an accidentally acquired promoter Melanoma formation in the teleost Xiphophorus is caused by a dominant genetic locus, Tu. This locus includes the Xmrk oncogene, which encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase. Tumor induction is. suppressed in wild-type fish by a tumor suppressor locus, R. Molecular genetic analyses revealed that the Tu locus emerged by nonhomologaus recombination of the Xmrk proto-oncogene with a previously uncharacterized sequence, D. This event generated an additional copy of Xmrk with a new promoter. Suppression of the new Xmrk promoter by R in parental fish and its deregulation in hybrids explain the genetics of melanoma formation in Xiphophorus. 1993 urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61630 Theodor-Boveri-Institut für Biowissenschaften OPUS4-5336 Wissenschaftlicher Artikel Hong, Yunhan; Schartl, Manfred Sequence of the growth hormone (GH) gene from the silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and evolution of GH genes in vertebrates The silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) growth hormone (GH) genewas isolated and sequenced following amplification from genomic DNA by the polymerase chain reaction. The gene spans a region of approx. 2.5 kb nucleotides (nt) and consists of five exons. The sequence predicts a polypeptide of 210 amino acids (aa) including a putative signal peptide of 22 hydrophobic aa residues. The arrangement of exons and introns is identical to the GH genes of common carp, grass carp, and very similar to mammals and birds, but quite different from that for the GH genes of tilapia and salmonids. The silver carp GH gene shares a high homology at the nt and aa Ievels with those of grass carp (95.3% nt, 99.5% aa) and of common carp (81% nt, 95.7% aa). 1993 urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61620 Theodor-Boveri-Institut für Biowissenschaften OPUS4-5321 Wissenschaftlicher Artikel Cavari, Benzion; Hong, Yunhan; Funkenstein, Bruria; Moav, Boaz; Schartl, Manfred All-fish gene constructs for growth hormone gene transfer in fish In order to develop all-fish expression vectors for microinjection into fertilized fish eggs, we have prepared the following cunstructs: rainbow trout metallothionein a/b and the gilthead seabream growth hormone cDNA (ptMTa-gbsGHcDNA, ptMTb-gsbGHcDNA), carp ß-actin gilthead seabream GH cDNA (pcAßgsbGHcDNA). The inducible metallothionein promoters a and b were cloned from rainbow trout, and the constitutive promoter ß-actin was isolated from carp. The metallothionein promoters were cloned by using the PCR technique. The tMTa contains 430 bp, while the tMTb contains 260 bp (Hong et al. 1992). These two promoters were introduced to pGEM-3Z containing the GH cDNA of Sparus aurata to form ptMTa-gsbGH and ptMTb-gsbGH, respectively. The carp cytoplasmic ß-actin gene was chosen as a source for isolating strong constitutive regulatory sequences. One of these regulatory sequences in pUC118 was Iigated to GH cDNA of S. aurata to form the pcAß-gsbGHcDNA. Expression of the constructs containing the metallothionein promoters was tested in fish cell culture and was found tobe induced effectively by zinc. The ptMTa gsb-GH cDNA construct was microinjected into fertilized carp eggs, and integration in the genome of carp was detected in the DNA isolated from fins at the age of two months. 1993 urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61612 Theodor-Boveri-Institut für Biowissenschaften OPUS4-5317 Wissenschaftlicher Artikel Schliewen, U.; Fricke, H.; Schartl, Manfred; Epplen, Jörg T.; Paabo, S. Which home for coelacanth? No abstract available 1993 urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61606 Theodor-Boveri-Institut für Biowissenschaften OPUS4-5316 Wissenschaftlicher Artikel Mäueler, Winfried; Schartl, Angelika; Schartl, Manfred Different expression patterns of oncogenes and proto-oncogenes in hereditary and carcinogen-induced tumors of Xiphophorus Hereditary melanoma in Xiphophorus hybrids canying the melanoma·induclng Tu-Sd locus is caused by transcriptional activation of the Xmrk gene that resides at the Tu·Sd locus and encodes a novel member of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK). ln this study, a total of 17 hereditary melanomas from various hybrid genotypes harbouring 7 different Tu alleles were also found to aver-express the correspondlng Xmrlc alleles. The Ievei of over-expression correlated with the degree of malignancy of the melanoma. ln addition, Xsrc expression was high ln many malignant melanomas. Expression pattems and Ieveis of the Xiphophorus EGF-receptor gene (Xerb B), the c-myc (Xmyc), and the PDGF (Xsls) gene(s) were not intriguing. Transcription of the ras gene(s) may be correlated to secondary events of melanoma progression. Expression pattems of Xfms, the Xiphophorus CSF-1 receptor homologue, can be explained by different contents of infiltrating macrophages in the tumors. ln carcinogen-induced tumors includlng one melanoma no significant expression of the Xmrk oncogene could be detected. Xsrc expression, however, was strikingly high. This indicates that activation of oncogenes other than Xmrk ls instrumental in tumorigenesls of neoplasia of non-hereditary origin. 1993 urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61592 Theodor-Boveri-Institut für Biowissenschaften