Dokument-ID Dokumenttyp Verfasser/Autoren Herausgeber Haupttitel Abstract Auflage Verlagsort Verlag Erscheinungsjahr Seitenzahl Schriftenreihe Titel Schriftenreihe Bandzahl ISBN Quelle der Hochschulschrift Konferenzname Quelle:Titel Quelle:Jahrgang Quelle:Heftnummer Quelle:Erste Seite Quelle:Letzte Seite URN DOI Abteilungen OPUS4-13102 Wissenschaftlicher Artikel Hendriksma, Harmen P.; Küting, Meike; Härtel, Stephan; Näther, Astrid; Dohrmann, Anja B.; Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf; Tebbe, Christoph C. Effect of Stacked Insecticidal Cry Proteins from Maize Pollen on Nurse Bees (Apis mellifera carnica) and Their Gut Bacteria Honey bee pollination is a key ecosystem service to nature and agriculture. However, biosafety research on genetically modified crops rarely considers effects on nurse bees from intact colonies, even though they receive and primarily process the largest amount of pollen. The objective of this study was to analyze the response of nurse bees and their gut bacteria to pollen from Bt maize expressing three different insecticidal Cry proteins (Cry1A.105, Cry2Ab2, and Cry3Bb1). Naturally Cry proteins are produced by bacteria (Bacillus thuringiensis). Colonies of Apis mellifera carnica were kept during anthesis in flight cages on field plots with the Bt maize, two different conventionally bred maize varieties, and without cages, 1-km outside of the experimental maize field to allow ad libitum foraging to mixed pollen sources. During their 10-days life span, the consumption of Bt maize pollen had no effect on their survival rate, body weight and rates of pollen digestion compared to the conventional maize varieties. As indicated by ELISA-quantification of Cry1A.105 and Cry3Bb1, more than 98% of the recombinant proteins were degraded. Bacterial population sizes in the gut were not affected by the genetic modification. Bt-maize, conventional varieties and mixed pollen sources selected for significantly different bacterial communities which were, however, composed of the same dominant members, including Proteobacteria in the midgut and Lactobacillus sp. and Bifidobacterium sp. in the hindgut. Surprisingly, Cry proteins from natural sources, most likely B. thuringiensis, were detected in bees with no exposure to Bt maize. The natural occurrence of Cry proteins and the lack of detectable effects on nurse bees and their gut bacteria give no indication for harmful effects of this Bt maize on nurse honey bees. 2013 e59589 PLoS ONE 8 3 urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-131025 10.1371/journal.pone.0059589 Theodor-Boveri-Institut für Biowissenschaften OPUS4-13780 Wissenschaftlicher Artikel Hendriksma, Harmen P.; Härtel, Stephan; Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf Testing Pollen of Single and Stacked Insect-Resistant Bt-Maize on In vitro Reared Honey Bee Larvae The ecologically and economic important honey bee (Apis mellifera) is a key non-target arthropod species in environmental risk assessment (ERA) of genetically modified (GM) crops. Honey bee larvae are directly exposed to transgenic products by the consumption of GM pollen. But most ERA studies only consider responses of adult bees, although Bt-proteins primarily affect the larval phases of target organisms. We adopted an in vitro larvae rearing system, to assess lethal and sublethal effects of Bt-pollen consumption in a standardized eco-toxicological bioassay. The effects of pollen from two Bt-maize cultivars, one expressing a single and the other a total of three Bt-proteins, on the survival and prepupae weight of honey bee larvae were analyzed. The control treatments included pollen from three non-transgenic maize varieties and of Heliconia rostrata. Three days old larvae were fed the realistic exposure dose of 2 mg pollen within the semi-artificial diet. The larvae were monitored over 120 h, until the prepupal stage, where larvae terminate feeding and growing. Neither single nor stacked Bt-maize pollen showed an adverse effect on larval survival and the prepupal weight. In contrast, feeding of H. rostrata pollen caused significant toxic effects. The results of this study indicate that pollen of the tested Bt-varieties does not harm the development of in vitro reared A. mellifera larvae. To sustain the ecosystem service of pollination, Bt-impact on A. mellifera should always be a crucial part of regulatory biosafety assessments. We suggest that our approach of feeding GM pollen on in vitro reared honey bee larvae is well suited of becoming a standard bioassay in regulatory risk assessments schemes of GM crops. 2011 e28174 PLoS One 6 12 urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-137803 10.1371/journal.pone.0028174 Theodor-Boveri-Institut für Biowissenschaften OPUS4-7030 Dissertation Hendriksma, Harmen P. Non-target effects of a multiple insect resistant Bt-maize on the honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) Neue methodische Entwicklungen zur Untersuchung der Ursachen des weltweit beobachteten Bienensterbens sind nötig, um die lebenswichtige Ökosystemdienstleistung der Bestäubung zu gewährleisten. Die ökologisch und wirtschaftlich bedeutsame Honigbiene (Apis mellifera) ist ein wichtiger Nichtziel-Organismus im Zulassungsverfahren für gentechnisch veränderte Pflanzen. Bisher sind vor allem Methoden zur Testung erwachsener Bienen unter Laborbedingungen verwendet worden, aber für eine Risikobewertung mit Hilfe von standardisierten Bienenkolonien oder in vitro gezüchteten Honigbienenlarven sind keine robusten Methoden oder standardisierte Protokolle vorhanden. In dieser Arbeit wurde eine Vielzahl an neuen methodischen Ansätzen für die Biosicherheitsforschung entwickelt: eine Mortalitäts-Falle (Kapitel II), ein "Full-Life-Cycle" Test (III), eine robuste in vitro Aufzucht-Methodik (IV), ein standardisierter in vitro Test für Bt-Pollen (V), eine gemischte Toxizitätsprüfung für transgene Reinproteine (VI) und eine Überprüfung der Darmmikroflora sowie der Pollenverdauungrate (VII). Die Ergebnisse dieser Studien zeigten keine nachteiligen Wirkungen von Bt-Maispollen oder Bt-Reinproteinen im "Worst-Case" Szenario auf Honigbienen. In Anbetracht der Datenlage ist eine Schädigung der Honigbiene durch den getesteten Bt-Mais Mon89034xMon88017 unwahrscheinlich. Die Anwendung der Untersuchungsmethoden in zukünftigen Biosicherheitsstudien für transgene Pflanzen wird empfohlen. 2011 urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-70304 Theodor-Boveri-Institut für Biowissenschaften