5314
1994
eng
article
1
2011-12-01
--
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Male polymorphism in Limia perugiae (Pisces: Poeciliidae)
The male-polymorphic poeciliid fish, Limia perugiae, a small teleostean endemic to the southeast of the Caribbean island Hispafiola, consists of three male size morphs with uniform females. Large males differentiate at a size va:rying between 25 and 38 mm; intermediate males, between 21 and 25 mm. Under competition, !arge males exhibit an elaborate courtship display, whereas small males show only a sneak-chase behavior. Intermediate males adapt their tactics to the respective competitors. However, all malemorphs can switch from courtship display to sneak-chase behavior. In large mating groups with four males of different size and five or six virgin females, large dominant a-males as weil as small subordinate \(\delta\)-males did not produce any offspring. Unexpectedly, all progeny were sired exclusively by the intemediate subordinate ß- and \(\gamma\)-males. Breeding experiments with the three male morphs can best be explained by a model of Y -linked genes for small and !arge size which are both suspended by the activity of an autosomal recessive repressor responsible for the development of intermediate males. The dominant allele of the recessive repressor, in either its homoorits heterozygous state, activates the Y-chromosomal genes for !arge or small size, respectively. Accordingly, intermediate males may produce male offspring of all size classes, depending on the presence of either the Y-linked gene or the autosomal repressor.
urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61573
6157
Behavior Genetics (1994) , 24, 95-101
Deutsches Urheberrecht
Claudia Erbelding-Denk
Johannes H. Schroder
Manfred Schartl
Indrajit Nanda
Michael Schmid
Jörg T. Epplen
deu
swd
Physiologische Chemie
eng
uncontrolled
Poeciliid fish
eng
uncontrolled
male size polymorphism
eng
uncontrolled
reproductive success
Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften
open_access
Theodor-Boveri-Institut für Biowissenschaften
Universität Würzburg
https://opus.bibliothek.uni-wuerzburg.de/files/5314/Schartl04.pdf
5338
1993
eng
article
1
2011-12-07
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Reproductive failure of dominant males in the poeciliid fish Limia perugiae determined by DNA fingerprinting
Hierarchical structures among male indlviduals in a population are frequently reflected ln differences in aggressive and reproductive behavior and access to the females. In general, sodal dominance requires the Investments, which in turn then may have to be compensated for by high reproductive success. However, this hypothesls has so far only been sufficiently tested in small mating groups (one or two males with one or two females) due to the difficulties of determining paternity by conventional methods. DNA fingerprinting overcomes these problems by offering the possibility to determine genetic relationships and mating patterns within larger groups [Borke, T. (1989) Trends Ecol. Evol. 4, 139-144]. We show here that in the poecUiid fish Limia perugitu, in small matlng groups the dominant male has 8 mating success of 100%, whereas ln larger groups lts contribution to the offspring unexpectedly drops to zero.
urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61643
6164
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (1993) , 90, 7064-7068
Deutsches Urheberrecht
Manfred Schartl
Claudia Erbelding-Denk
Sabine Holter
Indrajit Nanda
Michael Schmid
Johannes H. Schroder
Jörg T. Epplen
deu
swd
Physiologische Chemie
eng
uncontrolled
reproductive success
eng
uncontrolled
sexual selection
eng
uncontrolled
size polymorpbism
eng
uncontrolled
sodal domlnance
eng
uncontrolled
simple repetitive sequences
Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften
open_access
Theodor-Boveri-Institut für Biowissenschaften
Universität Würzburg
https://opus.bibliothek.uni-wuerzburg.de/files/5338/Schartl12.pdf
5339
1993
eng
article
1
2011-12-07
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Primitive sex chromosomes in poeciliid fishes harbor simple repetitive DNA sequences
The demonstration ofthe chromosomal mode ofsex determinationvia genetic experiments as well as the absence of heteromorphic sex chromosomes affirm poeciliid fishes as a unique group among vertebrates that are endowed with the mostprimitive form of sex chromosornes. In many different taxa the evolutionary process involved in the differentiation ofadvanced sex chromosomes is outlined through sex specifically organized repetitive sequences. In this investigation hydridization of synthetic probes specific to genomic simple repeat motifs uncovers a sex-specific hybridization pattern in certain viviparaus fishes ofthe family Poeciliidae. The hybridization pattern together with specific staining ofthe constitutive heterochromatin by C-banding reveals heterogamety in males (Poecilia reticulata) as weil as in females (P. sphenops). In P. velifera, however, C-banding alone fails to unravel the heterogametic status. The female specific W-chromosome can be detected by simple repetitive sequence probes. Therefore, the principal significance of heterochromatization as a means of generating differentiated sex chromosomes is evident.
urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61659
6165
In: Journal of Experimental Zoology (1993) , 265, 301-308
Deutsches Urheberrecht
Indrajit Nanda
Manfred Schartl
Jörg T. Epplen
Wolfgang Feichtinger
Michael Schmid
deu
swd
Physiologische Chemie
Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften
open_access
Theodor-Boveri-Institut für Biowissenschaften
Universität Würzburg
https://opus.bibliothek.uni-wuerzburg.de/files/5339/Schartl13.pdf
5342
1992
eng
article
1
2011-12-07
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Pseudomale behaviour and spontaneous masculinization in the all-female teleost Poecilia formosa (Teleostei: Poeciliidae)
Pseudosexual behaviour is a rare phenomenon associated with unisexuality in vertebrates. In the gynogenetic, all-female teleost Poecilia formosa, rare individuals occur that resemble males of closely related gonochoristic species both in behaviour and external morphology. These masculinized gynogens and normal gynogens are members of the same clone, as demonstrated by DNA-fingerprinting. The behaviour of these masculinized gynogens is described and compared to the behaviour of the gonochoristic species Poecilia mexicana, P. latipinna and their hybrid as weil as androgen-treated individuals of P. formosa. No statistically significant difTerences were found between masculinized gynogens and hormonetreated individuals nor between the gonochoristic P. mexicana and P. latipinna males. Differences exist between gonochoristic and unisexual species. Passihle causes and effects of masculinized gynogens are discussed.
urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61688
6168
In: Behaviour (1992) , 122, 88-104
Deutsches Urheberrecht
Ingo Schlupp
Jakob Parzefall
Jörg T. Epplen
Indrajit Nanda
Michael Schmid
Manfred Schartl
deu
swd
Physiologische Chemie
Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften
open_access
Theodor-Boveri-Institut für Biowissenschaften
Universität Würzburg
https://opus.bibliothek.uni-wuerzburg.de/files/5342/Schartl19.pdf
5366
1992
eng
article
1
2011-12-09
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Early stages of sex chromosome differentiation in fish as analysed by simple repetitive DNA sequences
Animal sex chromosome evolution has started on different occasions with a homologous pair of autosomes leading to morphologically differentiated gonosomes. In contrast to other vertebrate classes, among fishes cytologically dernonstrahle sex chromosomes are rare. In reptiles, certain motifs of simple tandemly repeated DNA sequences like (gata)\(_n\)/(gaca)\(_m\) are associated with the constitutive heterochromatin of sex chromosomes. In this study a panel of simple repetitive sequence probes was hybridized to restriction enzyme digested genomic DNA of poeciliid fishes. Apparent male heterogamety previously established by genetic experiments in Poecilia reticulata (guppy) was correlated with male-specific hybridization using the (GACA)\(_4\) probe. The (GATA)\(_4\) oligonucleotide identifies certain male guppies by a Y chromosomal polymorphism in the outbred population. In cantrast none of the genetically defined heterogametic situations in Xiphophorus could be verified consistently using the collection of simple repetitive sequence probes. Only individuals from particular populations produced sex-specific patterns of hybridization with (GATA)\(_4\). Additional poeciliid species (P. sphenops, P. velifera) harbour different sex-specifically organized simple repeat motifs. The observed sex-specific hybridization patterns were substantiated by banding analyses of the karyotypes and by in situ hybridization using the (GACA)\(_4\) probe.
urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61715
6171
Chromosoma (1992) , 101, 301-310
Deutsches Urheberrecht
Indrajit Nanda
Manfred Schartl
Wolfgang Feichtinger
Jörg T. Epplen
Michael Schmid
deu
swd
Physiologische Chemie
Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften
open_access
Theodor-Boveri-Institut für Biowissenschaften
Universität Würzburg
https://opus.bibliothek.uni-wuerzburg.de/files/5366/Schartl22.pdf
5370
1991
eng
article
1
2011-12-12
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On the stability of dispensable constituents of the eukaryotic genome: Stability of coding sequences versus truly hypervariable sequences in a clonal vertebrate, the amazon molly, Poecilia formosa
In dooal unisexual vertebrales, the genes specifying the males become dispensable. To study tbe rate of such geoes the gynogeoetic all-female fisb Poecilillfonnolll was treated with androgens. Phenotypic males were obtained that exbibited the complete set of male cbaracteristics of dosely related gooocboristic species, induding body proportions, pigmentation, the extremely complex insemination apparatus of poecilüd fish, sexual bebavior, and spermatogeoesls. Tbe apparent stabllity of such genic structures, induding those involved in androgen regulation, is contrasted by high instability of noncoding sequeaces. Frequent mutations, thelr donal transmission, and at least two truly hypervariable Iod leading to individual difl'ereaces between these othenrise donal organisms were detected by DNA fingerprinting. These observations substantiate the concept that also in "ameiotic" vertebrates certain compartments of the genome are more prooe to mutatiooal alterations than others.
urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61731
6173
In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (1991) , 88, 8759-8763
Deutsches Urheberrecht
Manfred Schartl
Ingo Schlupp
Angelika Schartl
Manfred K. Meyer
Indrajit Nanda
Michael Schmid
Jörg T. Epplen
Jakob Parzefall
deu
swd
Physiologische Chemie
eng
uncontrolled
DNA fingerprinting
eng
uncontrolled
androgen-induced masculinization
eng
uncontrolled
gynogeaesls
eng
uncontrolled
simple repeat sequences
Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften
open_access
Theodor-Boveri-Institut für Biowissenschaften
Universität Würzburg
https://opus.bibliothek.uni-wuerzburg.de/files/5370/Schartl26.pdf