21317
2020
eng
3
6
article
1
--
2020-09-18
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Alkaloid Concentrations of Lolium perenne Infected with Epichloë festucae var. lolii with Different Detection Methods—A Re-Evaluation of Intoxication Risk in Germany?
Mycotoxins in agriculturally used plants can cause intoxication in animals and can lead to severe financial losses for farmers. The endophytic fungus Epichloë festucae var. lolii living symbiotically within the cool season grass species Lolium perenne can produce vertebrate and invertebrate toxic alkaloids. Hence, an exact quantitation of alkaloid concentrations is essential to determine intoxication risk for animals. Many studies use different methods to detect alkaloid concentrations, which complicates the comparability. In this study, we showed that alkaloid concentrations of individual plants exceeded toxicity thresholds on real world grasslands in Germany, but not on the population level. Alkaloid concentrations on five German grasslands with high alkaloid levels peaked in summer but were also below toxicity thresholds on population level. Furthermore, we showed that alkaloid concentrations follow the same seasonal trend, regardless of whether plant fresh or dry weight was used, in the field and in a common garden study. However, alkaloid concentrations were around three times higher when detected with dry weight. Finally, we showed that alkaloid concentrations can additionally be biased to different alkaloid detection methods. We highlight that toxicity risks should be analyzed using plant dry weight, but concentration trends of fresh weight are reliable.
Journal of Fungi
2309-608X
10.3390/jof6030177
urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-213171
swordwue
2020-10-08T03:14:57+00:00
attachment; filename=deposit.zip
dfc3955ee7d1326aee8ba2c01a25217c
Journal of Fungi 2020, 6(3), 177; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof6030177
true
true
CC BY: Creative-Commons-Lizenz: Namensnennung 4.0 International
Veronika Vikuk
Benjamin Fuchs
Markus Krischke
Martin J. Mueller
Selina Rueb
Jochen Krauss
eng
uncontrolled
Epichloë
eng
uncontrolled
Lolium perenne
eng
uncontrolled
toxicity
eng
uncontrolled
grasslands
eng
uncontrolled
HPLC/UPLC methods
eng
uncontrolled
endophyte
eng
uncontrolled
plant fresh/dry weight
eng
uncontrolled
alkaloid detection methods
eng
uncontrolled
mycotoxins
eng
uncontrolled
phenology
Biowissenschaften; Biologie
open_access
Julius-von-Sachs-Institut für Biowissenschaften
Theodor-Boveri-Institut für Biowissenschaften
Import
Förderzeitraum 2020
Universität Würzburg
https://opus.bibliothek.uni-wuerzburg.de/files/21317/jof-06-00177-v2.pdf
11287
2014
eng
article
1
2015-05-08
--
--
Trait-Specific Responses of Wild Bee Communities to Landscape Composition, Configuration and Local Factors
Land-use intensification and loss of semi-natural habitats have induced a severe decline of bee diversity in agricultural landscapes. Semi-natural habitats like calcareous grasslands are among the most important bee habitats in central Europe, but they are threatened by decreasing habitat area and quality, and by homogenization of the surrounding landscape affecting both landscape composition and configuration. In this study we tested the importance of habitat area, quality and connectivity as well as landscape composition and configuration on wild bees in calcareous grasslands. We made detailed trait-specific analyses as bees with different traits might differ in their response to the tested factors. Species richness and abundance of wild bees were surveyed on 23 calcareous grassland patches in Southern Germany with independent gradients in local and landscape factors. Total wild bee richness was positively affected by complex landscape configuration, large habitat area and high habitat quality (i.e. steep slopes). Cuckoo bee richness was positively affected by complex landscape configuration and large habitat area whereas habitat specialists were only affected by the local factors habitat area and habitat quality. Small social generalists were positively influenced by habitat area whereas large social generalists (bumblebees) were positively affected by landscape composition (high percentage of semi-natural habitats). Our results emphasize a strong dependence of habitat specialists on local habitat characteristics, whereas cuckoo bees and bumblebees are more likely affected by the surrounding landscape. We conclude that a combination of large high-quality patches and heterogeneous landscapes maintains high bee species richness and communities with diverse trait composition. Such diverse communities might stabilize pollination services provided to crops and wild plants on local and landscape scales.
10.1371/journal.pone.0104439
urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-112872
PLoS ONE 9(8): e104439. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0104439
244090
Sebastian Hopfenmueller
Ingolf Steffan-Dewenter
Andrea Holzschuh
eng
uncontrolled
habitats
eng
uncontrolled
bees
eng
uncontrolled
grasslands
eng
uncontrolled
species diversity
eng
uncontrolled
biodiversity
eng
uncontrolled
pollination
eng
uncontrolled
flowers
eng
uncontrolled
foraging
Tiere (Zoologie)
open_access
Theodor-Boveri-Institut für Biowissenschaften
OpenAIRE
Förderzeitraum 2014
Universität Würzburg
https://opus.bibliothek.uni-wuerzburg.de/files/11287/088_Hopfenmueller_PLoS.pdf