3702
1984
eng
bookpart
1
2010-02-22
--
--
The effect of climate on the distribution and abundance of isopods
Climate affects both the distribution and abundance of isopods. Humidity and moisture affect their activity and distribution. Survival of juveniles is largely dependent on moisture. The reproductive pattern is affected by temperature and light. Food affects growth and thus, indirectly, also reproduction, as larger females tend to produce larger broods and more frequent broods than smaller ones. Generally in isopods there is little evidence to suggest that food is a very important factor affecting their abundance. Both semelparity and iteroparity are found in isopods and both reproductive strategies are apparently successful. Mortality factors affect the oocytes, the marsupial stages, and most of all the newly released individuals . Apart from climatic factors, predation and, to a lesser extent, parasitism are the main causes of mortality. Longevity of isopods ranges from one to five years. Occasional population explosions ofisopods are known to take place, their cause being unknown.
urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-44473
4447
In: The biology of terrestrial isopods / Stephen L. Sutton. - Oxford: Clarendon Pr., 1984, S. 339 - 367. - ISBN: 0-19-854001-9. - (Symposia of the Zoological Society of London ; 53).
M. R. Warburg
Karl Eduard Linsenmair
K. Bercovitz
Tiere (Zoologie)
open_access
Theodor-Boveri-Institut für Biowissenschaften
Universität Würzburg
https://opus.bibliothek.uni-wuerzburg.de/files/3702/Linsenmair_Climate_Isopods.pdf
16991
2017
eng
17691
7
article
1
2018-10-25
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Bee pollination increases yield quantity and quality of cash crops in Burkina Faso, West Africa
Mutualistic biotic interactions as among flowering plants and their animal pollinators are a key component of biodiversity. Pollination, especially by insects, is a key element in ecosystem functioning, and hence constitutes an ecosystem service of global importance. Not only sexual reproduction of plants is ensured, but also yields are stabilized and genetic variability of crops is maintained, counteracting inbreeding depression and facilitating system resilience. While experiencing rapid environmental change, there is an increased demand for food and income security, especially in sub-Saharan communities, which are highly dependent on small scale agriculture. By combining exclusion experiments, pollinator surveys and field manipulations, this study for the first time quantifies the contribution of bee pollinators to smallholders’ production of the major cash crops, cotton and sesame, in Burkina Faso. Pollination by honeybees and wild bees significantly increased yield quantity and quality on average up to 62%, while exclusion of pollinators caused an average yield gap of 37% in cotton and 59% in sesame. Self-pollination revealed inbreeding depression effects on fruit set and low germination rates in the F1-generation. Our results highlight potential negative consequences of any pollinator decline, provoking risks to agriculture and compromising crop yields in sub-Saharan West Africa.
Scientific Reports
10.1038/s41598-017-17970-2
29255154
urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-169914
Scientific Reports 2017, 7:17691. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17970-2
false
true
CC BY: Creative-Commons-Lizenz: Namensnennung 4.0 International
Katharina Stein
Drissa Coulibaly
Kathrin Stenchly
Dethardt Goetze
Stefan Porembski
André Lindner
Souleymane Konaté
Eduard K. Linsenmair
eng
uncontrolled
bees
eng
uncontrolled
pollination
eng
uncontrolled
Burkina Faso
eng
uncontrolled
cash crops
eng
uncontrolled
cotton
eng
uncontrolled
sesame
Arthropoden (Gliederfüßer)
open_access
Theodor-Boveri-Institut für Biowissenschaften
Universität Würzburg
https://opus.bibliothek.uni-wuerzburg.de/files/16991/004_Stein_CELL-REPORTS.pdf
12261
2013
eng
29
10
article
1
2015-12-02
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--
Only distance matters - non-choosy females in a poison frog population
Background: Females have often been shown to exhibit preferences for certain male traits. However, little is known about behavioural rules females use when searching for mates in their natural habitat. We investigated mate sampling tactics and related costs in the territorial strawberry poison frog (Oophaga pumilio) possessing a lek-like mating system, where both sequential and simultaneous sampling might occur. We continuously monitored the sampling pattern and behaviour of females during the complete period between two successive matings.
Results: We found no evidence that females compared males by visiting them. Instead females mated with the closest calling male irrespective of his acoustic and physical traits, and territory size. Playback experiments in the natural home ranges of receptive females revealed that tested females preferred the nearest speaker and did not discriminate between low and high call rates or dominant frequencies.
Conclusions: Our results suggest that females of O. pumilio prefer the closest calling male in the studied population. We hypothesize that the sampling tactic in this population is affected by 1) a strongly female biased sex ratio and 2) a low variance in traits of available males due to strong male-male competition, preventing low quality males from defending a territory and mating.
Frontiers in Zoology
10.1186/1742-9994-10-29
1742-9994
urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-122617
Frontiers in Zoology 2013, 10:29. doi:10.1186/1742-9994-10-29
Ivonne Meuche
Oscar Brusa
K. Eduard Linsenmair
Alexander Keller
Heike Pröhl
eng
uncontrolled
operational sex ratio
eng
uncontrolled
sequential mate choice
eng
uncontrolled
gray tree frogs
eng
uncontrolled
treefrogs hyla-gratiosa
eng
uncontrolled
male mating success
deu
uncontrolled
Bocas-del-Toro
deu
uncontrolled
dendrobates pumilio
deu
uncontrolled
oophaga pumilio
deu
uncontrolled
pied flycatchers
deu
uncontrolled
sampling behavior
Wechselwarme Wirbeltiere; Pisces (Fische)
open_access
Theodor-Boveri-Institut für Biowissenschaften
Universität Würzburg
https://opus.bibliothek.uni-wuerzburg.de/files/12261/036_Meuche_Frontiers_in_Zoology.pdf
3512
1992
eng
article
1
2009-12-21
--
--
A new ant-tree from SE Asia: Zanthoxylum myriacanthum (Rutaceae), the Thorny Ivy-Rue
Zanthoxylum myriacanthum, a small Rutaceous tree growing mainly in secondary hill forests in SE Asia, is a true myrmecophyte. It possesses stem domatia in the form of hollow branches with slitlike openings. Branch hollows and entrance slits are produced by the plant itself through pith degene~.tion ?u.d growth proceSses. If the entrance is not kept open by ants it closes again by growth ol the surrounding tissue after some time. The domatia are colonized opportunistic ally by different arboreous ants, e.g. Crematogaster and Campono tus. Additionally many small extrafloral nectaries are found on the leaflets of Zanthoxylum myriacanthum. Judging from herbarium studies and literature records at least four more true ant trees are found in the genus Zanthoxylum namely Z. rhetsa in SE Asia, Z. conspersipunctatum, Z. pluviatile and Z. vinkii in New Guinea. We could not confirm ant inhabitation in Drypetes pendula (Euphorbiaceae) on the Malay Peninsula, which has also been recorded to be an anttree.
0025-1291
urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-42967
4296
In: Malayan Nature Journal (1992) 46, 101 - 109.
Ulrich Maschwitz
Brigitte Fiala
K. Eduard Linsenmair
Tiere (Zoologie)
open_access
Theodor-Boveri-Institut für Biowissenschaften
Universität Würzburg
https://opus.bibliothek.uni-wuerzburg.de/files/3512/Fiala_Asia_Ant_Tree.pdf
23258
2020
eng
962–988
41
article
1
2021-03-31
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Sustainable Peeling of Kapok Tree (Ceiba pentandra) Bark by the Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) of Comoé National Park, Ivory Coast
Primates often consume either bark or cambium (inner bark) as a fallback food tocomplete their diet during periods of food scarcity. Wild chimpanzees exhibit greatbehavioral diversity across Africa, as studies of new populations frequently reveal.Since 2014, we have been using a combination of camera traps and indirect signs tostudy the ecology and behavior of wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) in ComoéNational Park, Ivory Coast, to document and understand the behavioral adaptations thathelp them to survive in a savanna–forest mosaic landscape. We found that Comoéchimpanzees peel the bark of the buttresses of kapok tree (Ceiba pentandra) trees to eatthe cambium underneath. Individuals of all sex/age classes across at least six neigh-boring communities peeled the bark, but only during the late rainy season andbeginning of the dry season, when cambium may represent an important fallback food.Baboons (Papio anubis) also target the same trees but mainly eat the bark itself. Mostof the bark-peeling wounds onCeibatrees healed completely within 2 years, seeminglywithout any permanent damage. We recorded chimpanzees visiting trees in early stagesof wound recovery but leaving them unpeeled. Only 6% of peeled trees (N= 53) werereexploited after a year, suggesting that chimpanzees waited for the rest of the trees toregrow the bark fully before peeling them again, thus using them sustainably. Manyhuman groups of hunter-gatherers and herders exploited cambium sustainably in thepast. The observation that similar sustainable bark-peeling behavior evolved in bothchimpanzees and humans suggests that it has an important adaptive value in harshenvironments when other food sources become seasonally scarce, by avoiding thedepletion of the resource and keeping it available for periods of scarcity.
International Journal of Primatology
0164-0291
10.1007/s10764-020-00152-9
urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-232581
publish
International Journal of Primatology (2020) 41:962–988. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10764-020-00152-9
true
true
CC BY: Creative-Commons-Lizenz: Namensnennung 4.0 International
Juan Lapuente
Mimi Arandjelovic
Hjalmar Kühl
Paula Dieguez
Christophe Boesch
K. Eduard Linsenmair
eng
uncontrolled
bark-peeling
eng
uncontrolled
ceiba pentandra
eng
uncontrolled
chimpanzee
eng
uncontrolled
Savanna–Forest mosaic
eng
uncontrolled
sustainable
Biowissenschaften; Biologie
open_access
Theodor-Boveri-Institut für Biowissenschaften
Universität Würzburg
https://opus.bibliothek.uni-wuerzburg.de/files/23258/Lapuente2020_Article_SustainablePeelingOfKapokTreeC.pdf