TY  - THES
A1  - Koch, Hanna Ulrike
T1  - Funktionelle Untersuchung von IGF1R Mutationen im Multiplen Myelom
T1  - Functional Investigation of IGF1R Mutations in Multiple Myeloma
N2  - Das Mutationsspektrum einzelner Gene beziehungsweise zusammengefasster Gengruppen innerhalb von Signalwegen bei Patienten mit Multiplem Myelom wurde in den letzten Jahren eingehend untersucht und charakterisiert. Die Herausforderung besteht nun in der Interpretation der erhobenen Daten, insbesondere der Bewertung einzelner durch Sequenzierung identifizierter Biomarker bezüglich deren prognostischer Aussagekraft und konkreter therapeutischer Relevanz. Als übergeordnetes Ziel gilt die Ableitung von klinischen (Therapie-) Ansätzen. Auf dem Weg zu einem individualisierten Therapieansatz ist entscheidend, dass wir unser Wissen über die funktionelle Relevanz einzelner Mutationen wie hier im IGF1R im Hinblick auf deren Einbettung in Signalnetzwerke und auf das Proliferationsverhalten der MM Zellen erweitern. Konkret wurde im Rahmen der vorliegende Doktorarbeit der Einfluss von zwei IGF1R Punktmutationen, nämlich D1146N (Punktmutation des IGF1R der HMCL L-363) und N1129S (Punktmutation des IGF1R eines Patienten der DSMM XI Kohorte) auf die Proliferation und das nachgeschaltete Signalling in IGF1R-Überexpressionsmodellen der MM Zelllinien AMO-1 und U-266 untersucht. Zur stabilen Transfektion der HMCLs mit IGF1RWT und den zwei IGF1R Mutanten wurde ein Protokoll auf Grundlage des Sleeping Beauty (SB) Transposase Systems genutzt. In dieser und anderen assoziierten Arbeit konnte unter zu Hilfenahme von insgesamt vier verschiedenen gentechnisch veränderter HMCLs gezeigt werden, dass funktionelle Mutationen im IGF1R Effekte auf das Downstream Signalling zum Beispiel die Aktivierung von AKT und ERK, jedoch nicht auf die Zellproliferation haben. Im Vergleich der untersuchten HMCLs konnten jedoch keine verallgemeinerbaren Schlüsse gezogen werden, was die Heterogenität der Erkrankung und die Wichtigkeit der Einzelfallbetrachtung unterstreicht.
N2  - Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant disease of the plasma cell and represents around 15% of all hematological neoplasms. There is a marked heterogeneity in terms of the severity of the disease, the progression and prognosis of the patients. This is also reflected in the underlying genetic heterogeneity. Genetic screenings at diagnosis and during the course of the disease are therefore essential. However, a better understanding of the pathogenesis of MM and the influence of individual genetic aberrations is essential to achieve improvements in personalized, targeted and, above all, risk-adapted therapy.
The dysregulation of Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RTKs), which significantly influences growth and progression, plays a decisive role in many types of cancer. Hence, RTKs also represent interesting target structures for cancer therapy. Specific RTK inhibitors have been a fixed element of oncological therapy in guidelines for many years with good therapeutic results, e. g. for breast, colon, or lung cancer.
RTK signal transduction also plays an important role in MM. In a next generation sequencing study on a MM cohort, tumor-associated mutations were detected in RTK genes, which were associated with a significantly poorer prognosis. IGF1R was among the most frequently mutated RTKs in this. It has a decisive influence on e. g. cell proliferation of MM cells and therefore plays an important role in the pathogenesis of MM. Studies also suggest a connection between IGF1R overexpression and disease progression. IGF1R inhibitors were tested in clinical phase 1 studies as a monotherapy without significantly improved clinical response. However, in combination schemes with dexamethasone and bortezomib in patients with relapsed or refractory disease better results have been achieved. They cause manageable side effects and are promising concerning the length and depth of remission, especially in proteasome inhibitor refractory patients.
Based on this information a project of the AG Leich aimed to study the influence of IGF1R and specifically IGF1R mutations in different HMCLs by means of functional analysis to identify patient cohorts, who might benefit from a therapy with IGF1R inhibitors. More specifically, the influence of two IGF1R mutations, namely D1146N (point mutation of IGF1R in the HMCL L-363) and N1129S (point mutation of IGF1R in a patient of the DSMM XI cohort), on proliferation and downstream signaling was to be investigated in IGF1R-overexpression models of the HMCLs AMO-1 and U-266 in this doctoral thesis.
A protocol based on the Sleeping Beauty (SB) Transposase System was used for stable transfection of the HCMLs with IGF1RWT and the two IGF1R mutants.
An increased expression or activation of downstream effectors could be detected in AMO-1. For example, the degree of phosphorylation of MEK and ERK in all three AMO-1 IGF1R overexpression cell lines (WT and two IGF1R mutant cell lines) under normal cell culture conditions seemed to be elevated in comparison to the empty vector control. However, no mutant specific differences could be detected even after stimulation with IGF1. Regarding IGF1R overexpression cell lines that were derived from U-266, expression and activation of IGF1R was especially pronounced for the IGF1R mutant IGF1RN1129S. In contrast, expression and activation of AKT, MEK and ERK in this IGF1R mutant overexpression cell line compared to the WT overexpression cell line, were not distinctively higher. Thus, it seems as if the role of IGF1R in different HMCLs varies, which could be also shown in other MM in vitro studies.
The proliferation rate of the individual cell lines was not measured higher due to the overexpression of IGF1R, although important kinases such as AKT, MEK and ERK with their great importance concerning survival, growth and proliferation had been induced.
Examinations with the IGF1R inhibitor Linsitinib on different HMCLs in subsequent studies of the AG Leich showed a reduction in metabolism in six out of seven cell lines, whereby the response was highly variable across cell lines and was independent of the IGF1R expression level or the IGF1R mutational status. Clear signs of apoptosis could be only detected in the HMCL MM1.S. An additive effect when combining Linsitinib with the proteasome inhibitor Carfilzomib, mostly used for therapy of refractory MM, was only detected in the IGF1R mutated HMCL L-363. Therefore, this combination might be a promising approach for patients with refractory MM, especially for patients with a IGF1R mutation. However, those compiled preliminary findings should be examined more closely in further in vitro and in vivo studies to determine the therapeutic potential of IGF1R inhibitors applied solely or in combination schemes with other specific inhibitors (e. g. iAKT or iMEK) or licensed standard drugs for patients with IGF1R mutations.
KW  - Plasmozytom
KW  - IGF1R Mutationen
KW  - Multiples Myelom
KW  - Funktionelle Untersuchung
KW  - Insulin-like Growth Factor I
KW  - IGF1
Y1  - 2024
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-370406
ER  -