TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kochereshko, Vladimir P.
A1  - Durnev, Mikhail V.
A1  - Besombes, Lucien
A1  - Mariette, Henri
A1  - Sapega, Victor F.
A1  - Askitopoulos, Alexis
A1  - Savenko, Ivan G.
A1  - Liew, Timothy C. H.
A1  - Shelykh, Ivan A.
A1  - Platonov, Alexey V.
A1  - Tsintzos, Simeon I.
A1  - Hatzopoulos, Z.
A1  - Savvidis, Pavlos G.
A1  - Kalevich, Vladimir K.
A1  - Afanasiev, Mikhail M.
A1  - Lukoshkin, Vladimir A.
A1  - Schneider, Christian
A1  - Amthor, Matthias
A1  - Metzger, Christian
A1  - Kamp, Martin
A1  - Hoefling, Sven
A1  - Lagoudakis, Pavlos
A1  - Kavokin, Alexey
T1  - Lasing in Bose-Fermi mixtures
JF  - Scientific Reports
N2  - Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation, well-known for revolutionising photonic science, has been realised primarily in fermionic systems including widely applied diode lasers. The prerequisite for fermionic lasing is the inversion of electronic population, which governs the lasing threshold. More recently, bosonic lasers have also been developed based on Bose-Einstein condensates of exciton-polaritons in semiconductor microcavities. These electrically neutral bosons coexist with charged electrons and holes. In the presence of magnetic fields, the charged particles are bound to their cyclotron orbits, while the neutral exciton-polaritons move freely. We demonstrate how magnetic fields affect dramatically the phase diagram of mixed Bose-Fermi systems, switching between fermionic lasing, incoherent emission and bosonic lasing regimes in planar and pillar microcavities with optical and electrical pumping. We collected and analyzed the data taken on pillar and planar microcavity structures at continuous wave and pulsed optical excitation as well as injecting electrons and holes electronically. Our results evidence the transition from a Bose gas to a Fermi liquid mediated by magnetic fields and light-matter coupling.
KW  - Bose-Fermi
KW  - magnetic fields
KW  - Bose gas
KW  - Fermi liquid
KW  - light-matter coupling
Y1  - 2016
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-168152
VL  - 6
IS  - 20091
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Adrián-Martínez, S.
A1  - Albert, A.
A1  - André, M.
A1  - Anton, G.
A1  - Ardid, M.
A1  - Aubert, J.-J.
A1  - Avgitas, T.
A1  - Baret, B.
A1  - Barrios-Martí, J.
A1  - Basa, S.
A1  - Bertin, V.
A1  - Biagi, S.
A1  - Bormuth, R.
A1  - Bouwhuis, M.C.
A1  - Bruijn, R.
A1  - Brunner, J.
A1  - Busto, J.
A1  - Capone, A.
A1  - Caramete, L.
A1  - Carr, J.
A1  - Celli, S.
A1  - Chiarusi, T.
A1  - Circella, M.
A1  - Coleiro, A.
A1  - Coniglione, R.
A1  - Costantini, H.
A1  - Coyle, P.
A1  - Creusot, A.
A1  - Deschamps, A.
A1  - De Bonis, G.
A1  - Distefano, C.
A1  - Donzaud, C.
A1  - Dornic, D.
A1  - Drouhin, D.
A1  - Eberl, T.
A1  - El Bojaddaini, I.
A1  - Elsässer, D.
A1  - Enzenhöfer, A.
A1  - Fehn, K.
A1  - Felis, I.
A1  - Fusco, L.A.
A1  - Galatà, S.
A1  - Gay, P.
A1  - Geißelsöder, S.
A1  - Geyer, K.
A1  - Giordano, V.
A1  - Gleixner, A.
A1  - Glotin, H.
A1  - Gracia-Ruiz, R.
A1  - Graf, K.
A1  - Hallmann, S.
A1  - van Haren, H.
A1  - Heijboer, A.J.
A1  - Hello, Y.
A1  - Hernández-Rey, J.J.
A1  - Hößl, J.
A1  - Hofestädt, J.
A1  - Hugon, C.
A1  - Illuminati, G.
A1  - James, C.W.
A1  - de Jong, M.
A1  - Jongen, M.
A1  - Kadler, M.
A1  - Kalekin, O.
A1  - Katz, U.
A1  - Kießling, D.
A1  - Kouchner, A.
A1  - Kreter, M.
A1  - Kreykenbohm, I.
A1  - Kulikovskiy, V.
A1  - Lachaud, C.
A1  - Lahmann, R.
A1  - Lefèvre, D.
A1  - Leonora, E.
A1  - Loucatos, S.
A1  - Marcelin, M.
A1  - Margiotta, A.
A1  - Marinelli, A.
A1  - Martínez-Mora, J.A.
A1  - Mathieu, A.
A1  - Melis, K.
A1  - Michael, T.
A1  - Migliozzi, P.
A1  - Moussa, A.
A1  - Mueller, C.
A1  - Nezri, E.
A1  - Pavalas, G.E.
A1  - Pellegrino, C.
A1  - Perrina, C.
A1  - Piattelli, P.
A1  - Popa, V.
A1  - Pradier, T.
A1  - Racca, C.
A1  - Riccobene, G.
A1  - Roensch, K.
A1  - Saldaña, M.
A1  - Samtleben, D.F.E.
A1  - Sánchez-Losa, A.
A1  - Sanguineti, M.
A1  - Sapienza, P.
A1  - Schnabel, J.
A1  - Schüssler, F.
A1  - Seitz, T.
A1  - Sieger, C.
A1  - Spurio, M.
A1  - Stolarczyk, Th.
A1  - Taiuti, M.
A1  - Tönnis, C.
A1  - Trovato, A.
A1  - Tselengidou, M.
A1  - Turpin, D.
A1  - Vallage, B.
A1  - Vallée, C.
A1  - Van Elewyck, V.
A1  - Vivolo, D.
A1  - Wagner, S.
A1  - Wilms, J.
A1  - Zornoza, J.D.
A1  - Zúñiga, J.
T1  - Limits on dark matter annihilation in the sun using the ANTARES neutrino telescope
JF  - Physics Letters B
N2  - A search for muon neutrinos originating from dark matter annihilations in the Sun is performed using the data recorded by the ANTARES neutrino telescope from 2007 to 2012. In order to obtain the best possible sensitivities to dark matter signals, an optimisation of the event selection criteria is performed taking into account the background of atmospheric muons, atmospheric neutrinos and the energy spectra of the expected neutrino signals. No significant excess over the background is observed and 90% C.L. upper limits on the neutrino flux, the spin-dependent and spin-independent WIMP-nucleon cross-sections are derived for WIMP masses ranging from 50 GeV to 5 TeV for the annihilation channels WIMP + WIMP→ b\(\overline{b}\), W\(^{+}\)W\(^{−}\) and τ\(^{+}\)τ\(^{−}\).
KW  - dark matter
KW  - WIMP
KW  - neutralino
KW  - indirect detection
KW  - neutrino telescope
KW  - sun
Y1  - 2016
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-166642
VL  - 759
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kurz, Felix T.
A1  - Kampf, Thomas
A1  - Buschle, Lukas R.
A1  - Schlemmer, Heinz-Peter
A1  - Bendszus, Martin
A1  - Heiland, Sabine
A1  - Ziener, Christian H.
T1  - Generalized moment analysis of magnetic field correlations for accumulations of spherical and cylindrical magnetic perturbers
JF  - Frontiers in Physics
N2  - In biological tissue, an accumulation of similarly shaped objects with a susceptibility difference to the surrounding tissue generates a local distortion of the external magnetic field in magnetic resonance imaging. It induces stochastic field fluctuations that characteristically influence proton spin dephasing in the vicinity of these magnetic perturbers. The magnetic field correlation that is associated with such local magnetic field inhomogeneities can be expressed in the form of a dynamic frequency autocorrelation function that is related to the time evolution of the measured magnetization. Here, an eigenfunction expansion for two simple magnetic perturber shapes, that of spheres and cylinders, is considered for restricted spin diffusion in a simple model geometry. Then, the concept of generalized moment analysis, an approximation technique that is applied in the study of (non-)reactive processes that involve Brownian motion, allows deriving analytical expressions of the correlation function for different exponential decay forms. Results for the biexponential decay for both spherical and cylindrical magnetized objects are derived and compared with the frequently used (less accurate) monoexponential decay forms. They are in asymptotic agreement with the numerically exact value of the correlation function for long and short times.
KW  - magnetized sphere/cylinder
KW  - magnetic susceptibility
KW  - correlation function
KW  - diffusion
KW  - magnetic resonance imaging
Y1  - 2016
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-190604
SN  - 2296-424X
VL  - 4
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Adrián-Martínez, S.
A1  - Albert, A.
A1  - André, M.
A1  - Anghinolfi, M.
A1  - Anton, G.
A1  - Ardid, M.
A1  - Aubert, J.-J.
A1  - Avgitas, T.
A1  - Baret, B.
A1  - Barrios-Martí, J.
A1  - Basa, S.
A1  - Bertin, V.
A1  - Biagi, S.
A1  - Bormuth, R.
A1  - Bouwhuis, M.C.
A1  - Bruijn, R.
A1  - Brunner, J.
A1  - Busto, J.
A1  - Capone, A.
A1  - Caramete, L.
A1  - Carr, J.
A1  - Celli, S.
A1  - Chiarusi, T.
A1  - Circella, M.
A1  - Coleiro, A.
A1  - Coniglione, R.
A1  - Constantini, H.
A1  - Coyle, P.
A1  - Creusot, A.
A1  - Deschamps, A.
A1  - De Bonis, G.
A1  - Distefano, C.
A1  - Donzaud, C.
A1  - Dornic, D.
A1  - Drouhin, D.
A1  - Eberl, T.
A1  - El Bojaddaini, I.
A1  - Elsässer, D.
A1  - Enzenhöfer, A.
A1  - Fehn, K.
A1  - Felis, I.
A1  - Fusco, L.A.
A1  - Galatà, S.
A1  - Gay, P.
A1  - Geißelsöder, S.
A1  - Geyer, K.
A1  - Giordano, V.
A1  - Gleixner, A.
A1  - Glotin, H.
A1  - Gracia-Ruiz, R.
A1  - Graf, K.
A1  - Hallmann, S.
A1  - van Haren, H.
A1  - Heijboer, A.J.
A1  - Hello, Y.
A1  - Hernández-Rey, J.J.
A1  - Hößl, J.
A1  - Hofestädt, J.
A1  - Hugon, C.
A1  - Illuminati, G.
A1  - James, C.W.
A1  - de Jong, M.
A1  - Kadler, M.
A1  - Kalekin, O.
A1  - Katz, U.
A1  - Kießling, D.
A1  - Kouchner, A.
A1  - Kreter, M.
A1  - Kreykenbohm, I.
A1  - Kulikovskiy, V.
A1  - Lachaud, C.
A1  - Lahmann, R.
A1  - Lefèvre, D.
A1  - Leonora, E.
A1  - Loucatos, S.
A1  - Marcelin, M.
A1  - Margiotta, A.
A1  - Marinelli, A.
A1  - Martínez-Mora, J.A.
A1  - Mathieu, A.
A1  - Michael, T.
A1  - Migliozzi, P.
A1  - Moussa, A.
A1  - Mueller, C.
A1  - Nezri, E.
A1  - Pavalas, G.E.
A1  - Pellegrino, C.
A1  - Perrina, C.
A1  - Piattelli, P.
A1  - Popa, V.
A1  - Pradier, T.
A1  - Racca, C.
A1  - Riccobene, G.
A1  - Roensch, K.
A1  - Saldaña, M.
A1  - Samtleben, D.F.E.
A1  - Sánchez-Losa, A.
A1  - Sanguineti, M.
A1  - Sapienza, P.
A1  - Schnabel, J.
A1  - Schüssler, F.
A1  - Seitz, T.
A1  - Sieger, C.
A1  - Spurio, M.
A1  - Stolarczyk, Th.
A1  - Taiuti, M.
A1  - Trovato, A.
A1  - Tselengidou, M.
A1  - Turpin, D.
A1  - Tönnis, C.
A1  - Vallage, B.
A1  - Vallée, C.
A1  - Van Elewyck, V.
A1  - Visser, E.
A1  - Vivolo, D.
A1  - Wagner, S.
A1  - Wilms, J.
A1  - Zornoza, J.D.
A1  - Zúñiga, J.
T1  - Constraints on the neutrino emission from the Galactic Ridge with the ANTARES telescope
JF  - Physics Letters B
N2  - A highly significant excess of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos has been reported by the IceCube Collaboration. Some features of the energy and declination distributions of IceCube events hint at a North/South asymmetry of the neutrino flux. This could be due to the presence of the bulk of our Galaxy in the Southern hemisphere. The ANTARES neutrino telescope, located in the Mediterranean Sea, has been taking data since 2007. It offers the best sensitivity to muon neutrinos produced by galactic cosmic ray interactions in this region of the sky. In this letter a search for an extended neutrino flux from the Galactic Ridge region is presented. Different models of neutrino production by cosmic ray propagation are tested. No excess of events is observed and upper limits for different neutrino flux spectral indices Γ are set. For Γ=2.4 the 90% confidence level flux upper limit at 100 TeV for one neutrino flavour corresponds to Φ\(^{1f}_{0}\) (100 TeV) = 2.0 · 10\(^{−17}\) GeV\(^{−1}\) cm\(^{−2}\)s\(^{−1}\)sr\(^{−1}\). Under this assumption, at most two events of the IceCube cosmic candidates can originate from the Galactic Ridge. A simple power-law extrapolation of the Fermi-LAT flux to account for IceCube High Energy Starting Events is excluded at 90% confidence level.
KW  - neutrino emission
KW  - Galactic Ridge
KW  - ANTARES telescope
Y1  - 2016
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-166608
VL  - 760
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Volckmar, Anna-Lena
A1  - Han, Chung Ting
A1  - Pütter, Carolin
A1  - Haas, Stefan
A1  - Vogel, Carla I. G.
A1  - Knoll, Nadja
A1  - Struve, Christoph
A1  - Göbel, Maria
A1  - Haas, Katharina
A1  - Herrfurth, Nikolas
A1  - Jarick, Ivonne
A1  - Grallert, Harald
A1  - Schürmann, Annette
A1  - Al-Hasani, Hadi
A1  - Hebebrand, Johannes
A1  - Sauer, Sascha
A1  - Hinney, Anke
T1  - Analysis of Genes Involved in Body Weight Regulation by Targeted Re-Sequencing
JF  - PLoS ONE
N2  - Introduction
Genes involved in body weight regulation that were previously investigated in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and in animal models were target-enriched followed by massive parallel next generation sequencing.

Methods
We enriched and re-sequenced continuous genomic regions comprising FTO, MC4R, TMEM18, SDCCAG8, TKNS, MSRA and TBC1D1 in a screening sample of 196 extremely obese children and adolescents with age and sex specific body mass index (BMI) ≥ 99th percentile and 176 lean adults (BMI ≤ 15th percentile). 22 variants were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Genotyping was performed in up to 705 independent obesity trios (extremely obese child and both parents), 243 extremely obese cases and 261 lean adults.

Results and Conclusion
We detected 20 different non-synonymous variants, one frame shift and one nonsense mutation in the 7 continuous genomic regions in study groups of different weight extremes. For SNP Arg695Cys (rs58983546) in TBC1D1 we detected nominal association with obesity (pTDT = 0.03 in 705 trios). Eleven of the variants were rare, thus were only detected heterozygously in up to ten individual(s) of the complete screening sample of 372 individuals. Two of them (in FTO and MSRA) were found in lean individuals, nine in extremely obese. In silico analyses of the 11 variants did not reveal functional implications for the mutations. Concordant with our hypothesis we detected a rare variant that potentially leads to loss of FTO function in a lean individual. For TBC1D1, in contrary to our hypothesis, the loss of function variant (Arg443Stop) was found in an obese individual. Functional in vitro studies are warranted.
KW  - body weight regulation
KW  - genes
KW  - targeted re-sequencing
Y1  - 2016
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-167274
VL  - 11
IS  - 2
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ziegler, C.
A1  - Richter, J.
A1  - Mahr, M.
A1  - Gajewska, A.
A1  - Schiele, M.A.
A1  - Gehrmann, A.
A1  - Schmidt, B.
A1  - Lesch, K.-P.
A1  - Lang, T.
A1  - Helbig-Lang, S.
A1  - Pauli, P.
A1  - Kircher, T.
A1  - Reif, A.
A1  - Rief, W.
A1  - Vossbeck-Elsebusch, A.N.
A1  - Arolt, V.
A1  - Wittchen, H.-U.
A1  - Hamm, A.O.
A1  - Deckert, J.
A1  - Domschke, K.
T1  - MAOA gene hypomethylation in panic disorder-reversibility of an epigenetic risk pattern by psychotherapy
JF  - Translational Psychiatry
N2  - Epigenetic signatures such as methylation of the monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) gene have been found to be altered in panic disorder (PD). Hypothesizing temporal plasticity of epigenetic processes as a mechanism of successful fear extinction, the present psychotherapy-epigenetic study for we believe the first time investigated MAOA methylation changes during the course of exposure-based cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in PD. MAOA methylation was compared between N=28 female Caucasian PD patients (discovery sample) and N=28 age- and sex-matched healthy controls via direct sequencing of sodium bisulfite-treated DNA extracted from blood cells. MAOA methylation was furthermore analyzed at baseline (T0) and after a 6-week CBT (T1) in the discovery sample parallelized by a waiting time in healthy controls, as well as in an independent sample of female PD patients (N=20). Patients exhibited lower MAOA methylation than healthy controls (P<0.001), and baseline PD severity correlated negatively with MAOA methylation (P=0.01). In the discovery sample, MAOA methylation increased up to the level of healthy controls along with CBT response (number of panic attacks; T0-T1: +3.37±2.17%), while non-responders further decreased in methylation (-2.00±1.28%; P=0.001). In the replication sample, increases in MAOA methylation correlated with agoraphobic symptom reduction after CBT (P=0.02-0.03). The present results support previous evidence for MAOA hypomethylation as a PD risk marker and suggest reversibility of MAOA hypomethylation as a potential epigenetic correlate of response to CBT. The emerging notion of epigenetic signatures as a mechanism of action of psychotherapeutic interventions may promote epigenetic patterns as biomarkers of lasting extinction effects.
KW  - Adult
KW  - Case-Control Studies
KW  - Cognitive Therapy
KW  - DNA Methylation
KW  - Epigenesis
KW  - Genetic
KW  - Female
KW  - Humans
KW  - Monoamine Oxidase/genetics
KW  - Panic Disorder/genetics
KW  - Panic Disorder/therapy
KW  - Sequence Analysis
KW  - DNA
Y1  - 2016
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-164422
IS  - 6
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Groeber, Florian
A1  - Engelhardt, Lisa
A1  - Lange, Julia
A1  - Kurdyn, Szymon
A1  - Schmid, Freia F.
A1  - Rücker, Christoph
A1  - Mielke, Stephan
A1  - Walles, Heike
A1  - Hansmann, Jan
T1  - A First Vascularized Skin Equivalent as an Alternative to Animal Experimentation
JF  - ALTEX - Alternatives to Animal Experimentation
N2  - Tissue-engineered skin equivalents mimic key aspects of the human skin, and can thus be employed as wound coverage for large skin defects or as in vitro test systems as an alternative to animal models. However, current skin equivalents lack a functional vasculature limiting clinical and research applications. This study demonstrates the generation of a vascularized skin equivalent with a perfused vascular network by combining a biological vascularized scaffold (BioVaSc) based on a decellularized segment of a porcine jejunum and a tailored bioreactor system. Briefly, the BioVaSc was seeded with human fibroblasts, keratinocytes, and human microvascular endothelial cells. After 14 days at the air-liquid interface, hematoxylin & eosin and immunohistological staining revealed a specific histological architecture representative of the human dermis and epidermis including a papillary-like architecture at the dermal-epidermal-junction. The formation of the skin barrier was measured non-destructively using impedance spectroscopy. Additionally, endothelial cells lined the walls of the formed vessels that could be perfused with a physiological volume flow. Due to the presence of a complex in-vivo-like vasculature, the here shown skin equivalent has the potential for skin grafting and represents a sophisticated in vitro model for dermatological research.
KW  - alternative to animal testing
KW  - skin equivalents
KW  - tissue engineering
KW  - vascularization
Y1  - 2016
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-164438
VL  - 33
IS  - 4
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Stein, Roland Gregor
A1  - Wollschläger, Daniel
A1  - Kreienberg, Rolf
A1  - Janni, Wolfgang
A1  - Wischnewsky, Manfred
A1  - Diessner, Joachim
A1  - Stüber, Tanja
A1  - Bartmann, Catharina
A1  - Krockenberger, Mathias
A1  - Wischhusen, Jörg
A1  - Wöckel, Achim
A1  - Blettner, Maria
A1  - Schwentner, Lukas
T1  - The impact of breast cancer biological subtyping on tumor size assessment by ultrasound and mammography - a retrospective multicenter cohort study of 6543 primary breast cancer patients
JF  - BMC Cancer
N2  - Background
Mammography and ultrasound are the gold standard imaging techniques for preoperative assessment and for monitoring the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer. Maximum accuracy in predicting pathological tumor size non-invasively is critical for individualized therapy and surgical planning. We therefore aimed to assess the accuracy of tumor size measurement by ultrasound and mammography in a multicentered health services research study.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed data from 6543 patients with unifocal, unilateral primary breast cancer. The maximum tumor diameter was measured by ultrasound and/or mammographic imaging. All measurements were compared to final tumor diameter determined by postoperative histopathological examination. We compared the precision of each imaging method across different patient subgroups as well as the method-specific accuracy in each patient subgroup.

Results
Overall, the correlation with histology was 0.61 for mammography and 0.60 for ultrasound. Both correlations were higher in pT2 cancers than in pT1 and pT3. Ultrasound as well as mammography revealed a significantly higher correlation with histology in invasive ductal compared to lobular cancers (p < 0.01). For invasive lobular cancers, the mammography showed better correlation with histology than ultrasound (p = 0.01), whereas there was no such advantage for invasive ductal cancers. Ultrasound was significantly superior for HR negative cancers (p < 0.001). HER2/neu positive cancers were also more precisely assessed by ultrasound (p < 0.001). The size of HER2/neu negative cancers could be more accurately predicted by mammography (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
This multicentered health services research approach demonstrates that predicting tumor size by mammography and ultrasound provides accurate results. Biological tumor features do, however, affect the diagnostic precision.
KW  - histopathology
KW  - breast cancer
KW  - ultrasound
KW  - mammography
KW  - tumor size
Y1  - 2016
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-161050
VL  - 16
IS  - 549
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Lo Cascio, Christian M.
A1  - Goetze, Oliver
A1  - Latshang, Tsogyal D.
A1  - Bluemel, Sena
A1  - Frauenfelder, Thomas
A1  - Bloch, Konrad E.
T1  - Gastrointestinal Dysfunction in Patients with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
JF  - PLoS ONE
N2  - Background
In adult patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) life-threatening constipation has been reported. Since gastrointestinal function in DMD has not been rigorously studied we investigated objective and subjective manifestations of gastrointestinal disturbances in DMD patients.

Methods
In 33 patients with DMD, age 12–41 years, eating behavior and gastrointestinal symptoms were evaluated by questionnaires. Gastric emptying half time (T\(_{1/2}\)) and oro-cecal transit time (OCTT) were evaluated by analyzing \(^{13}\)CO\(_{2}\) exhalation curves after ingestion of \(^{13}\)C labeled test meals. Colonic transit time (CTT) was measured by abdominal radiography following ingestion of radiopaque markers.

Results
The median (quartiles) T\(_{1/2}\) was 187 (168, 220) minutes, the OCTT was 6.3 (5.0, 7.9) hours, both substantially longer than normal data (Goetze 2005, T\(_{1/2}\): 107±10; Geypens 1999, OCTT 4.3±0.1 hours). The median CTT was 60 (48, 82) hours despite extensive use of laxative measures (Meier 1995, upper limit of normal: 60 hours). T\(_{1/2}\) and OCTT did not correlate with symptoms evaluated by the Gastroparesis Cardinal Symptom Index (GCSI) (Spearman r = -0.3, p = 0.1; and r = -0.15, p = 0.4, respectively). CTT was not correlated with symptoms of constipation assessed by ROME III criteria (r = 0.12, p = 0.5).

Conclusions
DMD patients have a markedly disturbed gastrointestinal motor function. Since objective measures of impaired gastrointestinal transport are not correlated with symptoms of gastroparesis or constipation our findings suggest that measures assuring adequate intestinal transport should be taken independent of the patient’s perception in order to prevent potentially life threatening constipation, particularly in older DMD patients.
KW  - gastrointestinal dysfunction
KW  - Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Y1  - 2016
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-166793
VL  - 11
IS  - 10
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Song, Ning-Ning
A1  - Jia, Yun-Fang
A1  - Zhang, Lei
A1  - Zhang, Qiong
A1  - Huang, Ying
A1  - Liu, Xiao-Zhen
A1  - Hu, Ling
A1  - Lan, Wei
A1  - Chen, Ling
A1  - Lesch, Klaus-Peter
A1  - Chen, Xiaoyan
A1  - Xu, Lin
A1  - Ding, Yu-Qiang
T1  - Reducing central serotonin in adulthood promotes hippocampal neurogenesis
JF  - Scientific Reports
N2  - Chronic administration of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), which up-regulates central serotonin (5-HT) system function, enhances adult hippocampal neurogenesis. However, the relationship between central 5-HT system and adult neurogenesis has not fully been understood. Here, we report that lowering 5-HT level in adulthood is also able to enhance adult hippocampal neurogenesis. We used tamoxifen (TM)-induced Cre in Pet1-CreER\(^{T2}\) mice to either deplete central serotonergic (5-HTergic) neurons or inactivate 5-HT synthesis in adulthood and explore the role of central 5-HT in adult hippocampal neurogenesis. A dramatic increase in hippocampal neurogenesis is present in these two central 5-HT-deficient mice and it is largely prevented by administration of agonist for 5-HTR2c receptor. In addition, the survival of new-born neurons in the hippocampus is enhanced. Furthermore, the adult 5-HT-deficient mice showed reduced depression-like behaviors but enhanced contextual fear memory. These findings demonstrate that lowering central 5-HT function in adulthood can also enhance adult hippocampal neurogenesis, thus revealing a new aspect of central 5-HT in regulating adult neurogenesis.
KW  - serotonin
KW  - SSRI
KW  - hippocampal neurogenesis
KW  - adulthood
Y1  - 2016
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-168004
VL  - 6
IS  - 20338
ER  -