TY - JOUR A1 - Dunkel, Franz G. A1 - Hildel, Werner A1 - Rességuier, Peter T1 - Hieracium fallax Willd. und weitere Hieracium echioides-Zwischenarten im nordwestlichen Bayern T1 - Occurence of Hieracium fallax and other intermediate species of the section Echinina (Nägeli & Peter) Zahn in northwestern Bavaria N2 - Die Grenze des riesigen eurasiatisch-kontinentalen Areals von Hieracium echioides Lumn. verläuft durch Mitteldeutschland, Zwischenarten aus der Hieracium echioides-Verwandtschaft (sect. Echinina) dringen westlich bis in die Oberrheinebene vor, sind aber im übrigen Süden und Südosten Deutschlands sehr selten oder fehlen. In den letzten Jahren wurden im Nordwesten Bayerns neue Wuchsorte von Hieracium auriculoides Láng (MTB 5526.31, 5924.44, 6125.13, 6223.22), H. calodon Tausch ex Peter (6123.21, 6125.13) und H. fallax Willd. (6223.21) nachgewiesen. Dies stellt den zweiten aktuellen Nachweis von H. fallax in Bayern dar, bemerkenswert ist ein Nachweis von H. auriculoides in der Rhön in ca. 700 m Meereshöhe. N2 - The huge geographic area of H. echioides centers in Eastern Europe and Western Asia and extends to Middle Germany, intermediate species (Zwischenarten) of H. echioides reach further western parts of Germany in the Upper Rhine valley. These species occur very rarely in the southern and south eastern parts of Germany, they are lacking in wide parts of southern Bavaria. At Lower Francony, the north western part of Bavaria some populations of Hieracium auriculoides (MTB 5526.31, 5924.44, 6125.13, 6223.22), H. calodon (6123.21, 6125.13) and H. fallax (6223.21) were detected. The finding of H. fallax represents the second actual one in Bavaria. The occurence of H. auriculoides at 700 m above sea level should be mentioned. KW - Habichtskraut KW - Unterfranken KW - Hieracium auriculoides KW - calodon KW - euchaetium KW - fallax KW - Lower Francony KW - Echinina Y1 - 2007 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-35337 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ewald, Jörg T1 - Ein pflanzensoziologisches Modell der Schattentoleranz von Baumarten in den Bayerischen Alpen T1 - A Phytosociological Model of Shade Tolerance of Tree Species in the Bavarian Alps N2 - The ecological niche, as a summary of the environment in which a tree species can live, is a central concept in vegetation ecology and its application in silviculture. While the fundamental niche focusses on the physiological constraints of survival and growth, the realised niche takes competition in real communities into account. To understand realised niches in a causal fashion requires knowledge of the life cycle of plant species. The concept of regeneration niche is based on the notion that establishment and juvenile growth are particularly sensitive stages. Obviously, silviculturalists must be particularly interested in regeneration niches. The database BERGWALD contains 4,934 phytosociological plots from mountain forests and related vegetation types of the Bavarian Alps. The detailed information on plant species composition (trees, tree regeneration, shrubs, herbs and bryophytes) and cover has so far been used extensively for deriving vegetation units, site types and groups of indicator species. In the present study the database content was analysed with regard to the ecology of tree species in general and their regeneration niche in particular. The availability of light as a crucial resource that changes during forest succession was estimated by calculating average Ellenberg indicator values (mL) based on total field and bryophyte layer composition. The relative frequency of plots across the mL gradient in the total database was juxtaposed to the occurrence of the 16 most common tree species in the tree and in the regeneration layer, respectively. [...] As expected, the realised niches of tree species on the light gradient corresponded broadly to Ellenberg's L-value of tree regeneration. As the regional climax, Abies alba and Fagus sylvatica have coincident optima of tree layer and juvenile occurrences in closed, mature stands. Ulmus glabra and Fraxinus excelsior, as species of lower altitude, exhibit niches most similar to these climax species, followed by Acer pseudoplatanus and Picea abies, two of the most frequent species, that occur from low elevations to the timber line. The intermediate role of these four species is confirmed, as regeneration occurs mostly at light levels higher than those found under adult trees of the same species. Against expectations, Taxus baccata clearly prefers stands with moderate to high light, as do Sorbus aria, Sorbus aucuparia and Alnus incana. While Larix decidua and Pinus cembra occupy very similar overall niches, tree layer and regeneration niches of Larix differ markedly, whereas coincident layer niches in Pinus cembra underpin its status as a climax species at tree line. Pinus sylvestris and Salix eleagnos are typical shade-intolerant pioneers, of which regeneration is practically restricted to non-forest vegetation. Pinus rotundata and Juniperus communis are small trees that are entirely restricted to open stands subject to geomorphological activity. The results demonstrate the potential of phytosociological databases for studying the niches of tree species. To be sure, such analyses are no replacement for physiological and experimental studies. The research community is invited to use this source as a reference framework and an empirical validation for more specialised research. KW - Baumart KW - Bayerische Alpen KW - Ellenberg indicator value for light KW - Niche model KW - Phytosociological database KW - Regeneration niche Y1 - 2007 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-35345 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Meierott, Lenz T1 - Cerastium brachypetalum Desp. ex Pers. und Cerastium tenoreanum Ser. (Caryophyllaceae) in Franken T1 - Cerastium brachypetalum Desp. ex Pers. and Cerastium tenoreanum Ser. (Caryophyllaceae) in Franconia, Southern Germany N2 - Für Cerastium tenoreanum Ser. und die Varietäten von Cerastium brachypetalum Desp. ex Pers. werden ihre korrekte Nomenklatur, ihre Unterscheidungsmerkmale und ihre Verbreitung in Süddeutschland und Franken mitgeteilt. Die gegenwärtige Ausbreitungstendenz annueller Cerastien wird diskutiert. N2 - The present communication on Cerastium tenoreanum Ser. and the varieties of Cerastium brachypetalum Desp. ex Pers. deals with nomenclature and diagnostic features of these taxa and their distribution pattern in Southern Germany. Factors influencing the recent distributional expansion of annual Cerastia are discussed. KW - Hornkraut KW - Nelkengewächse KW - Franken KW - Cerastium brachypetalum KW - Cerastium tenoreanum KW - Caryophyllaceae KW - Franconia Y1 - 2008 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-35354 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gottschlich, Günter A1 - Drenckhahn, Detlev T1 - Iconography of the Genus Hieracium in central Europe - Part 1: General Description and Morphotypes N2 - The genus Hieracium comprises more than one thousand sexual and apomictic species in Europe, with numerous intermediates and microspecies. Only a small fraction of the members of the genus Hieracium has been illustrated or photo-documented in the literature. Since many of these publications are difficult to obtain, only a few specialists are familiar with most of the species and subspecies described in the literature. In order to overcome this problem and encourage geobotanical research on the genus Hieracium, we decided to edit an iconography of central and southern European Hieracia in an electronical journal (Forum geobotanicum) with free international access through the internet. Part I of this endeavour contains descriptions and photographs of the morphological spectrum of the genus Hieracium. Here, we categorize the genus into 15 basic morphotypes. These types conform partly to the sections and subsections of the genus Hieracium, but are in some cases informal and may even include members of different sections. Classification of morphotypes is considered helpful to obtain a first rough picture of an unknown species that then can be traced to the species and subspecies level by using keys or, after completion of this iconography, simply by screening the relevant images. One particularly novel aspect of the present endeavour will be the regular inclusion of magnified images and scanning electron micrographs. KW - Habichtskraut KW - Hieracium KW - iconography KW - classification KW - scanning electron micrographs Y1 - 2005 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-35363 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dunkel, Franz G. T1 - Zur Kenntnis des Ranunculus auricomus-Komplexes in Deutschland: Ranunculus suborbicularis spec. nova T1 - The Ranunculus auricomus complex in Germany: Ranunculus suborbicularis spec. nova N2 - Die bei Schwarz (1949) als R. vertumnalis abgebildeten Pflanzen entsprechen nicht dem Typusmaterial, sondern weichen durch fast kreisförmige Blattspreiten der Schlussblätter und geringe Blattteilung ab. Sie werden hier als R. suborbicularis spec. nov. beschrieben und mit ihrem Blattzyklus und weiteren Belegen abgebildet. Die bekannte Verbreitung erstreckt sich auf Berlin (wohl erloschen), Thüringen und Bayern. Insgesamt ist aufgrund der kleinen Zahl der Populationen eine starke Gefährdung anzunehmen. N2 - In 1949 O. Schwarz published an article on thuringian species of the Ranunculus auricomus complex illustrated with several pictures of the species. However, figure 2, purported to represent Ranunculus vertumnalis, does not correspond with the type material. The specimen depicted in figure 2 of Schwarz (1949) showed almost circular later leaves and lacked the main incisures and, therefore, is described here as R. suborbicularis spec. nov. Details of leaf cycle, cauline leaves and other features are presented. The known distribution includes Thuringia, Bavaria and Berlin (obviously extinct). Due to a restricted number of populations R. suborbicularis is considered to be endangered. KW - Gold-Hahnenfuß KW - Thüringen KW - Bayern KW - Berlin KW - Ranunculus suborbicularis KW - Ranunculus auricomus KW - Ranunculus vertumnalis Y1 - 2005 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-35377 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rostanski, Krzysztof A1 - Meierott, Lenz T1 - Zur Gattung Oenothera L. in Franken - mit besonderer Berücksichtigung von Oenothera stucchii Soldano (neu für Deutschland) T1 - The Genus Oenothera in Franconia - with special reference to Oenothera stucchii Soldano (new for Germany) N2 - In August 2004 the authors of this report undertook a survey on the Genus Oenothera (evening-primroses) in the valley of the river Main between the cities of Schweinfurt and Bamberg (Bavaria, Lower and Upper Franconia). 22 different taxa were identified, most of which are new to Bavaria, one new for Europe (Oenothera hazelae Gates) and another one new for Middle Europe (Oenothera stucchii Soldano). In this report a list of all Oenothera species found in Franconia is given and Oenothera stucchii, a particular tall (up to > 2 m) species with extremely long Hypanthia of 50-70 mm and fruit capsules with truncated teeth, is described and depicted in more detail. KW - Nachtkerze KW - Franken KW - Oenothera KW - Oenothera stucchii KW - Bavaria KW - Franconia Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-35388 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Röder, Daniela A1 - Jeschke, Michael A1 - Kiehl, Kathrin T1 - Vegetation und Böden alter und junger Kalkmagerrasen im Naturschutzgebiet "Garchinger Heide" im Norden von München T1 - Vegetation and soils of ancient and young calcareous grasslands in the nature reserve "Garchinger Heide" N2 - Das Naturschutzgebiet "Garchinger Heide" ist ein Relikt der ehemals ausgedehnten Kalkmagerrasen auf Pararendzinen über Niederterrassenschotter im Alpenvorland. Bei jahrhundertelanger extensiver Landnutzung hat sich auf trockenen nährstoffarmen Böden eine artenreiche Vegetation mit zahlreichen seltenen und gefährdeten Arten entwickelt. Die "Altheide", welche den größten Teil des Naturschutzgebiets einnimmt, ist geprägt durch flachgründige, nährstoffarme Böden, welche eine geschlossene Vegetation mit einem hohen Anteil an Arten der Halbtrockenrasen (hauptsächlich Mesobromion erecti und Cirsio-Brachypodion) tragen. Das 1945 durch Oberbodenabtrag begonnene, aber nicht mehr ausgebaute und verwendete „Rollfeld“ weist einen niedrigen Feinbodenanteil, welcher auf eine geringe Wasserverfügbarkeit schließen lässt, sowie niedrige Gehalte an Gesamtstickstoff und CAL-austauschbaren P2O5 auf. Die Vegetation ist lückig mit einem hohen Anteil an Trockenrasenarten (Xerobromion, Sedo-Scleranthetea, Sesleritalia albicantis). Das heutige Vorkommen zahlreicher Arten, welche in früheren Untersuchungen (1956 und 1986) nicht gefunden wurden, lässt auf eine fortschreitende Sukzession der Vegetation des Rollfeldes hin zu der der Altheide schließen. Der 1959 zum Naturschutzgebiet hinzu gekaufte ehemalige Acker unterscheidet sich immer noch deutlich von der Altheide. Eine allmähliche Annäherung der Standortbedingungen ist jedoch zu beobachten. So sanken die Gehalte an CAL-austauschbarem P_ 2 O_5 und K_2 O im Vergleich zu Werten aus dem Jahr 1993 deutlich ab. Trotz des immer noch hohen Anteils an Grünlandarten (Molinio-Arrhenatheretea) konnten sich im Vergleich zu 1986 mehr Magerrasenarten etablieren. N2 - The nature reserve "Garchinger Heide" north of Munich (Bavaria, Germany) is a remnant of the formerly widespread calcareous grasslands of the Munich Gravel Plain on dry, nutrient-poor calcaric Regosol soils with low water-storage capacity. Most of the nature reserve is covered by species-rich ancient grasslands with a high proportion of species of the Mesobromion erecti and Cirsio-Brachypodion. At the “Rollfeld”, where topsoil was removed in 1945, vegetation cover is lower and the proportion of species of the Xerobromion, Sedo-Scleranthetea and Seslerietalia albicantis is higher than on the ancient grasslands due to low water-availability and low nutrient contents. In 2003, the number of ancient grassland species, which have successfully established on the topsoil-removal site, was higher than in vegetation descriptions from 1956 and 1986. On an ex-arable field within the nature reserve, which was last ploughed in 1959, several species of the Molinio-Arrhenatheretea were still found in 2003. In comparison to 1986, however, the number of species of the Mesobromion erecti and Cirsio-Brachypodion was higher and the vegetation has become more similar to the ancient grassland vegetation. This positive development was also reflected in the soil analyses; the contents of exchangeable P_2 O_5 and K_2 O in the soil of the ex-arable field have decreased considerably during the last 12 years. KW - Vegetation KW - Festuco-Brometea KW - Boden KW - Garchinger Heide KW - calcareous grassland KW - topsoil removal KW - ex-arable field KW - vegetation KW - soil nutrients Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-35397 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Argos, P. A1 - Dandekar, Thomas T1 - Delineating the main chain topology of four-helix bundle proteins using the genetic algorithm and knowledge based on the amino acid sequence alone N2 - No abstract available KW - Proteine KW - Strukturanalyse KW - Abstandsmessung Y1 - 1994 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-33807 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hübner, Stefanie A1 - Wissemann, Volker T1 - Morphometrische Analysen zur Variabilität von Prunus spinosa L. - Populationen(Prunoideae, Rosaceae) im mittleren Saaletal, Thüringen T1 - Morphometric analysis on the variability of Prunus spinosa L. - populations(Prunoideae, Rosaceae) in the central valley of the river Saale, Thuringia N2 - Prunus spinosa L. (Rosaceae) is one of the most widespread members of the genus Prunus in middle europe. Its morphological plasticity resulted in a number of described taxa at subspecific level. Since the early neolithic times, drupes of the plum family are recorded and exhibit already a remarkable diversity in size and form. Here we present a short historical account to the use of P. spinosa and an overview of the different taxonomic treatments. We examined distribution patterns in general and in particular in the central valley of the river Saale (Thuringia) with respect to ecological, edaphic and climatic factors. We assessed within 16 populations the variability of 22 metric and 10 qualitative morphological characters at 7 different locations. Population sites included forest-, way- and fieldsides, as well as lightish pine forests. Pollen fertility did not increase during the flowering period, all flowers were directly fully fertile from the beginning. In contrast, glucose content varied significantly depending of the status of fertilization. Epicuticular wax structure was without variation amongst the populations. P. spinosa leaves are covered with a smooth layer of slightly striated wax. Morphological characters were scored on 270 branches and 506 fruits. Most of the characters showed enormous variability among and within populations such as metrics of leaves, thorns and character states of flower morphology. The lowest variability among populations and therefore not dependend of modificatory factors was found in fruit characters. Since kernel morphology seems to be genetically rather than modificatory controlled, we applied the 3 taxonomical concepts of Werneck, Kühn and Scholz u. Scholz to identify evolutionary units at subspecific levels. However, population variability was still so high, that from our study here we can not support an infraspecific classification of Prunus spinosa L. KW - Prunus KW - Rosengewächse KW - Systematik KW - Rosaceae KW - Prunus KW - Evolution KW - Morphology KW - Systematics Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-35207 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ewald, Jörg T1 - Ökologie der Weißtanne (Abies alba Mill.) im bayerischen Alpenraum T1 - Ecology of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) in the Bavarian Alps N2 - Based on queries of the phytosociological databank BERGWALD, a compilation of 3.504 forest vegetation plots from the Bavarian Alps, the ecological niche of Abies alba is re-assessed. The tree species occurs mostly admixed in mountain forests with Fagus and Picea rather than forming distinctive communities of its own. Climatically, Abies is widely distributed to the upper limit of the montane belt, but occurs only sparsely in subalpine forest. Analysis of Ellenberg indicator values based on total species composition yielded the following results: As a tolerant species Abies regeneration has a marked preference for shady forest, which in turn Abies tree layers themselves help create. It also has a clear preference for acidic topsoil conditions. Sites with low N-supply, such as early successional stages on raw carbonate soils, are rarely colonised by Abies. Also, dry and markedly wet forest sites in the region are avoided by Abies. Permutation-based indicator species analysis found a large number of common forest species as being significantly associated with Abies and its frequent companion Fagus sylvatica, whereas there is a negative relationship with more specialised Seslerion and Erico-Pinion species. As Abies alba has very few specific companion species not shared with either Fagus or Picea, the delimitation of Abietetum-syntaxa appears mostly motivated by ecological rather than phytosociological considerations. As a result of its susceptibility towards game browsing, Abies regeneration is an indicator of high woody species richness. The study broadly confirms Abies alba's status as a climax species intermediate between Fagus and Picea, and demonstrates the potential of large phytosociological databanks for niche modelling. KW - Weißtanne KW - Ökologie KW - Bayern KW - Ellenberg indicator values ; Mixed mountain forest ; Niche model ; Phytosociological databank Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-35193 ER -