TY - CHAP A1 - Viviani, A. A1 - Lutz, Werner K. T1 - Modulation of the in vivo covalent binding of the carcinogen benzo(a)pyrene to rat liver DNA by selective induction of microsomal and nuclear aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity N2 - The influence of microsomal (mAHH) and nuclear (nAHH) aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity on the covalent binding of t:titiated benzo(a)pyrene to rat liver DNA was evaluated in vivo. Induction ofmAHH was obtained after phenobarbitone treatment (180% of control), which increased DNA binding to 210%, but left the nAHH unchanged. mAHH and nAHH were slightly indilced with dieldrin (130% and 120%), but the binding remairred unchanged. The increasing effect of mAHlt as weil as the possibly decreasing effect of nAHH induction on the binding became obvious when the data of 11 individual rats were used to solve the equation Binding = aX(mAHH) + bX(nAHH) + c. Multiple linear regression analysis resulted in positive values for a and c, a negative value for b, and a multiple correlation coefficient R = 0.82. An influence of other enzymes involved in the metabolism of benzo(a)pyrene cannot be excluded. The Study shows clearly that the binding of a foreign compound to DNA in vivo is not only dependent on microsomal enzyme activities but also on nuclear activities even if the latter are considerably lower than those of mic'rosomes. KW - DNA KW - Benzo(a)pyrene KW - DNA-Binding KW - Carcinogen KW - Enzyme KW - Induction KW - Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylase KW - Rats KW - Phenobarbitone KW - Dieldrin Y1 - 1979 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-80132 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Lutz, Werner K. T1 - Structural characteristics of compounds that can be activated to chemically reactive metabolites: use for a prediction of a carcinogenic potential N2 - Many mutagens and carcinogens act via covalent interaction of metabolic intermediates with DNA in the target cell. This report groups those structural elements which are often found to form the basis for a metabolism to such chemically reactive metabolites. ~mpounds which are chemically reactive per se and which do not require metabolic activation form group 1. Group 2 compri~es of olefins and aromatic hydrocarbons where the oxidation via an epoxide can be responsible for the generation of reactive species. Aromatic amines, hydrazines, and nitrosamirres form group 3 requiring an oxidation of a nitrogen atom or of a carbon atom in alpha position to a nitrosated amine. Group 4 compounds are halogenated hydrocarbons which can either give rise to radicals or can form an ·olefin (group 2) upon dehydrohalogenation. Group 5 compounds depend upon some preceding enzymatic activity either not available in the target cell or acting on positions in the molecule which are not directly involved in the subsequent formation of electrophilic atoms. Examples for each group are taken from the "List of Chemieals and Irrdustrial Processes Associated with Cancer in Humans" as compiled by the International Agency for the Research on Cancer, and it is shown that 91% of the organic carcinogens would have been detected on the basis of structural elements characteristic for group 1-5. As opposed to this very high sensitivity, the specificity ( the true negative fraction) of using this approach as a short-term test for carcinogenicity is shown to be bad because detoxification pathways have so far not been taken into account. These competing processes are so complex, however, that either only very extensive knowledge about pharmacokinetics, stability, and reactivity will be required or that in vivo systems have to be used to predict, on a quantitative basis, the darnage expected on the DNA. DNA-binding experiments in vivo are presented with benzene and toluene to demonstrate one possible way for an experimental assessment and it is shown that the detoxification reaction at the methyl group available only in toluene gives rise to a reduction by at least a factor of forty for the binding to rat liver DNA. This quantitative approach available with DNA-binding tests in vivo, also allows evaluation as to whether reactive metabolites and their DNA binding are always the most important single activities contributing to the overall carcinogenicity of a chemical. With the example of the livertumor inducing hexachlorocyclohexane isomers it is shown that situations will be found where reactive metabolites are formed and DNA binding in vivo is measurable but where this activity cannot be the decisive mode of carcinogenic action. It is concluded that the lack of structural elements known to become potentially reactive does not guarantee the lack of a carcinogenic potential. KW - Toxikologie KW - Structureactivity relationship KW - Reactive intermediates KW - Metabolic activation KW - DNA Binding KW - Covalent binding index KW - Carcinogens KW - Benzene Y1 - 1984 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-80105 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Lutz, Werner K. T1 - Quantitative evaluation of DNA-binding data in vivo for low-dose extrapolations N2 - no abstract available KW - Toxikologie Y1 - 1987 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-80079 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sagelsdorff, P. A1 - Lutz, Werner K. T1 - Sensitivity of DNA and nucleotides to oxidation by permanganate and hydrogen peroxide N2 - no abstract available KW - Toxikologie Y1 - 1987 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-80062 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Fetzer, Anita A1 - Weizman, Elda A1 - Reber, Elisabeth T1 - Follow-ups across discourse domains: A cross-cultural exploration of their forms and functions N2 - The edited volume documents the proceedings of the ESF workshop "Follow-ups across discourse domains: a cross-cultural exploration of their forms and functions". It examines the forms and functions of the dialogue act of a follow-up, viz. accepting or challenging a prior communicative act, in political discourse across spoken and written dialogic genres. Specifically, it considers (1) the discourse domains of political interviews, editorials, op-eds and discussion forums, (2) their sequential organization as regards the status of initial (or 1st order) follow-up, a follow-up of a prior follow-up (2nd order follow-up), or nth-order follow-up, and (3) their discursive realization as regards degrees of indirectness and responsiveness which are conceptualized as a continuum along the lines of degrees of explicitness and degrees of responsiveness. The chapters come from the fields of linguistics, discourse analysis, socio-pragmatics, communication, political science and psychology, examining the heterogeneous field of political discourse and its manifestation in diverse discourse genres with respect to evasiveness, indirectness and redundancy in mediated political discourse, professional discourse, discourse identity and doing politics, to name but the most prominent questions. KW - Pragmatik KW - Diskursanalyse KW - Medienanalyse KW - politischer Diskurs KW - follow-up KW - Medienkommunikation KW - pragmatics KW - discourse analysis KW - media communication KW - follow-up KW - political discourse Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-71656 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Gotz, R. A1 - Schartl, Manfred T1 - The conservation of neurotrophic factors during vertebrate evolution N2 - No abstract available KW - Physiologische Chemie Y1 - 1994 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-61964 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schmitz, Barbara T1 - War, violence and Tyrannicide in the Book of Judith N2 - No abstract available KW - Judit KW - Gewalt KW - Krieg KW - Tyrannenmord KW - Judith KW - Violence KW - War KW - Tyrannicide Y1 - 2010 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-67058 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Scheuermann, Manuela T1 - Effective or multilateral? The UN-EU partnership in military crisis management N2 - For the EU “effective multilateralism” in, with and within international organisations is the foundation of a system of global governance, so is laid down in the ESS. Therefore the term is used to label the EU’s activities in the UN-family and to characterise the relations with the UN in the wider context of global governance. It is the political argument for the EU’s commitment in military crisis management, side by side with UN peacekeepers. The UN in turn speaks of multilateralism to call for the EU’s loyalty and partnership. Both organisations build their partnership on the common normative ground of multilateralism. The paper questions these rhetorical denominations critically. It goes beyond the political declarations to analyse the degree and quality of “effective multilateralism” in reality in and with international organisations, using the example of UN-EU-relations in military crisis management. The theoretical approach of multilateralism serves as the starting point of the analysis and theoretical basis of the paper (Chapter 1). The special EU-touch in “effective multilateralism” in comparison to the “UN-touch” is subject of Chapter 2. This analysis is necessary due to the meanwhile inflationary use of the term “effective multilateralism” in almost every CSFP context. Are the institutional steps to a partnership in crisis management as well as the operational collaboration in DR Congo (2003/2006/2009) and Chad/CAR (2008/2009) in line with “multilateralism”? is the question that is answered in the paper (Chapter 3). KW - Friedenssicherung KW - Europäische Sicherheits- und Verteidigungspolitik KW - Multilateralismus KW - Krisenmanagement KW - inter-organisationale Beziehungen KW - GSVP KW - UN-Friedenssicherung KW - inter-organisational relations KW - CSDP KW - UN-peacekeeping KW - multilateralism KW - crisis management Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-65565 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bossert, Sabine A1 - Meiler, Caroline A1 - Laessle, Reinhold A1 - Ellgring, Heiner A1 - Pirke, Karl-Martin T1 - Responses to visual perception of food in eating disorders N2 - No abstract available KW - Psychologie Y1 - 1989 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-58762 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sponholz, Barbara T1 - Holocene fulgurite formation in the southern Central Sahara (Niger) N2 - Fulgurites (= natural glasses formed by lightning strikes to the ground) are indicators of thunderstorms (e.g. Julien 1901). The distribution pattern of fulgurites in the study area (Grand Erg de Bilma and Erg de Tenere between 11.5°E and 16.5° and 18.5°N) shows decreasing fulgurite concentration from south to north. The fulgurite sites are concentrated in the area of fossil dune complexes, where they occur topographically above palaeolimnic deposits in mid-slope position of interdune depressions. KW - Geographie KW - Niger Y1 - 1993 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-56584 ER -