TY - THES A1 - Erbacher, Christoph T1 - Systemic and local mechanisms of small fiber pathology in female patients with fibromyalgia syndrome T1 - Systemische und lokale Mechanismen der Kleinfaserpathologie bei Patientinnen mit Fibromyalgie Syndrom N2 - Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a largely heterogeneous chronic pain syndrome of unclear pathophysiology, which lacks objective diagnostics and specific treatment. An immune-related shift towards a pro-inflammatory profile is discussed at a systemic level. Small fiber pathology (SFP) and local participation of non-neuronal skin cells like keratinocytes in cutaneous nociception are potential peripheral contributors. Small RNAs, particularly microRNAs (miRs) and newly described tRNA fragments (tRFs) act as posttranscriptional key regulators of gene expression and may modulate systemic and peripheral cell pathways. On cellular level, the exact mechanisms of keratinocyte-intraepidermal nerve fiber (IENF) interaction in the skin are insufficiently understood. Via small RNA sequencing and quantitative real-time PCR, we investigated miR and tRF signatures in whole blood cells and skin biopsy-derived keratinocytes of female FMS patients versus healthy controls. We applied gene target prediction analysis to uncover underlying cellular pathways affected by dysregulated small RNAs. Altered FMS small RNAs from blood were compared with their expression in disease controls, i.e. Parkinson`s patients and patients with major depression and chronic pain. Association of SFP with small RNAs was investigated via correlation with clinical parameter. To explore keratinocyte-nerve fiber interactions with high relevance for SFP and cutaneous nociception, we adapted a super-resolution array tomography (srAT) approach and expansion microscopy (ExM) for human skin samples. Further, we created a fully human 2D co-culture model of primary keratinocytes and induced pluripotent stem cell derived sensory neurons. Blood miR deregulation indicated systemic modulation of immune processes exerted by CholinomiRs and by miRs targeting the FoxO signaling pathway. Short sized tRFs were associated with mRNA metabolism and splicing. This supports the hypothesis of an inflammatory/autoimmunity component in FMS. Expression of blood small RNAs in FMS were discriminative against disease controls, highlighting their potential as objective biomarker. Blood small RNAs were predominantly upregulated and correlations between miR and clinical parameter reflected rather pain in general than SFP. In FMS keratinocytes, a downregulation of miRs and tRFs was evident. Pathways for adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), adherens junction, and focal adhesion were predicted to be affected by miRs, while tRFs may influence proliferation, migration, and cell growth. Similar to blood miRs, altered miRs in keratinocytes correlated mostly with widespread pain and pain severity parameter. TRFs were partially associated with more severe IENF loss. Small RNAs in FMS keratinocytes may modulate pathways that define how keratinocytes interact with each other and with IENF. These interactions include nerve fiber ensheathment, a conserved epithelial mechanism, which we visualize in human epidermis and a fully human co-culture model. Additionally, we revealed plaques of connexin 43, a pore forming protein involved in intercellular communication, at keratinocyte- nerve fiber contact sites. Objective quantification of these morphological findings in FMS and other diseases with SFP may inherit diagnostic value similar to IENF density. We provide evidence for distinct miR and tRF signatures in FMS with implications for systemic immune regulation and local cell-cell interaction pathways. In the periphery we explored novel keratinocyte-nerve fiber interactions relevant for SFP and cutaneous nociception. N2 - Das Fibromyalgie Syndrom (FMS) umfasst ein sehr heterogenes chronisches Schmerzsyndrom mit ungeklärter Pathophysiologie, ohne objektive Diagnostik und gezielt wirkende Behandlungsmöglichkeiten. Auf systemischer Ebene wird eine entzündungsfördernde Verschiebung von Immunprozessen diskutiert. In der Peripherie stellen die Kleinfaserpathologie (SFP) und Beteiligungen nicht-neuronaler Hautzellen, beispielsweise Keratinozyten, an kutaner Nozizeption potenziell beitragende Faktoren dar. Kleine RNAs, vor allem microRNAs (miRs) und die kürzlich beschriebenen tRNA Fragmente (tRFs) agieren als posttranskriptionelle Schlüsselregulatoren der Genexpression und könnten daher systemische und periphere Zellprozesse modulieren. Die genauen zellulären Mechanismen bei der Interaktion von Keratinozyten mit intraepidermalen Nervenfasern (IENF) in der Haut sind nur unzureichend verstanden. Mittels Sequenzierung von kleinen RNAs und quantitativer Real-Time PCR untersuchten wir miR und tRF Signaturen in Vollblutzellen und in durch Hautbiopsie gewonnene Keratinozyten von FMS Patientinnen im Vergleich zu gesunden weiblichen Kontrollen. Um zugrundeliegende Zellprozesswege aufzudecken, die von der Deregulierung kleiner RNAs betroffen sind, verwendeten wir Vorhersageprogramme für regulierte Gene. In FMS verändert vorliegende kleine RNAs im Blut verglichen wir mit ihrer Expression in Krankheitskontrollen, d.h. Parkinson Patientinnen und Patientinnen mit schwerer Depression und chronischem Schmerz. Die Beziehung zwischen SFP und kleinen RNAs wurde mittels der Korrelation mit klinischen Parametern untersucht. Zur Erforschung von Keratinozyten-Nervenfaser Interaktionen, mit großer Relevanz für SFP und kutane Nozizeption, adaptierten wir eine superauflösende Array-Tomographie (srAT) Methodik und Expansionsmikroskopie (ExM) für humane Hautproben. Außerdem entwickelten wir ein rein humanes 2D Ko-Kultur Zellmodell, bestehend aus primären Keratinozyten und sensiblen Neuronen, die aus induzierten pluripotenten Stammzellen generiert wurden. MiR Deregulierungen in Blut wiesen auf systemische Modulierung von Immunprozessen hin, ausgeübt durch CholinomiRs und miRs, die auf den FoxO Signalweg einwirken. Die tRFs mit kurzer Fragmentlänge waren mit mRNA Metabolismus und Splicing verknüpft. Diese Ergebnisse unterbauen die Hypothese einer entzündungsfördernden/autoimmunen Komponente in FMS. Die Expression kleiner RNAs aus FMS Blut war unterschiedlich zu Krankheitskontrollen, was ihr Potenzial als objektive Biomarker hervorhebt. Kleine RNAs im Blut waren überwiegend erhöht exprimiert und Korrelation zwischen miRs und klinischen Parametern spiegelten eher Schmerzen im Allgemeinen wider als SFP. In Keratinozyten von FMS Patientinnen war eine Herunterregulierung von miRs und tRFs ersichtlich. Der Signalweg der Adenosinmonophosphat aktivierten Proteinkinase (AMPK), sowie Adherens Junction und Fokale Adhäsion waren prognostiziere Prozesse unter Einfluss von miRs. Ähnlich wie bei den Blut miRs, korrelierten veränderte miRs in Keratinozyten vor allem mit der Verbreitung des Schmerzes über den Körper und der Schmerzintensität. TRFs waren teilweise mit einem höheren Verlust an IENF verknüpft. Kleine RNAs in Keratinozyten von FMS Patientinnen könnten jene Prozesse modulieren, die festlegen, wie Keratinozyten miteinander und mit IENF interagieren. Diese Interaktionen beinhalten den konservierten Mechanismus der Nervenfaserumhüllung, den wir in humaner Epidermis und einem komplett humanen Ko-Kultur Modell auflösen konnten. Zusätzlich zeigten wir Anhäufungen von Connexin 43, einem an interzellulärer Kommunikation beteiligten porenformenden Protein, an Keratinozyten-Nervenfaser Kontaktstellen. Eine objektive Quantifizierung dieser morphologischen Befunde in FMS und weiteren Erkrankungen mit SFP könnte einen diagnostischen Wert vergleichbar mit dem der IENF Dichte innehaben. Wir liefern Belege für klare miR und tRF Signaturen in FMS mit Bedeutung für systemische Immunregulation und lokale Zell-Zell Interaktionsprozesse. In der Peripherie erkundeten wir neueartige Keratinozyten-Nervenfaser Interaktionen relevant für SFP und kutane Nozizeption. KW - Fibromyalgiesyndrom KW - Small RNA KW - Keratinozyt KW - Mikroskopie KW - Fibromyalgia syndrome KW - small RNA expression KW - super-resolution microscopy KW - Fibromyalgie Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-290203 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Erbacher, Christoph A1 - Vaknine, Shani A1 - Moshitzky, Gilli A1 - Lobentanzer, Sebastian A1 - Eisenberg, Lina A1 - Evdokimov, Dimitar A1 - Sommer, Claudia A1 - Greenberg, David S. A1 - Soreq, Hermona A1 - Üçeyler, Nurcan T1 - Distinct CholinomiR blood cell signature as a potential modulator of the cholinergic system in women with fibromyalgia syndrome JF - Cells N2 - Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a heterogeneous chronic pain syndrome characterized by musculoskeletal pain and other key co-morbidities including fatigue and a depressed mood. FMS involves altered functioning of the central and peripheral nervous system (CNS, PNS) and immune system, but the specific molecular pathophysiology remains unclear. Anti-cholinergic treatment is effective in FMS patient subgroups, and cholinergic signaling is a strong modulator of CNS and PNS immune processes. Therefore, we used whole blood small RNA-sequencing of female FMS patients and healthy controls to profile microRNA regulators of cholinergic transcripts (CholinomiRs). We compared microRNA profiles with those from Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with pain as disease controls. We validated the sequencing results with quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and identified cholinergic targets. Further, we measured serum cholinesterase activity in FMS patients and healthy controls. Small RNA-sequencing revealed FMS-specific changes in 19 CholinomiRs compared to healthy controls and PD patients. qRT-PCR validated miR-182-5p upregulation, distinguishing FMS patients from healthy controls. mRNA targets of CholinomiRs bone morphogenic protein receptor 2 and interleukin 6 signal transducer were downregulated. Serum acetylcholinesterase levels and cholinesterase activity in FMS patients were unchanged. Our findings identified an FMS-specific CholinomiR signature in whole blood, modulating immune-related gene expression. KW - fibromyalgia syndrome KW - cholinergic system KW - CholinomiRs KW - microRNA KW - miR-182-5p KW - Parkinson's disease Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-270686 SN - 2073-4409 VL - 11 IS - 8 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Thölken, Clemens A1 - Thamm, Markus A1 - Erbacher, Christoph A1 - Lechner, Marcus T1 - Sequence and structural properties of circular RNAs in the brain of nurse and forager honeybees (Apis mellifera) JF - BMC Genomics N2 - Background The honeybee (Apis mellifera) represents a model organism for social insects displaying behavioral plasticity. This is reflected by an age-dependent task allocation. The most protruding tasks are performed by young nurse bees and older forager bees that take care of the brood inside the hive and collect food from outside the hive, respectively. The molecular mechanism leading to the transition from nurse bees to foragers is currently under intense research. Circular RNAs, however, were not considered in this context so far. As of today, this group of non-coding RNAs was only known to exist in two other insects, Drosophila melanogaster and Bombyx mori. Here we complement the state of circular RNA research with the first characterization in a social insect. Results We identified numerous circular RNAs in the brain of A. mellifera nurse bees and forager bees using RNA-Seq with exonuclease enrichment. Presence and circularity were verified for the most abundant representatives. Back-splicing in honeybee occurs further towards the end of transcripts and in transcripts with a high number of exons. The occurrence of circularized exons is correlated with length and CpG-content of their flanking introns. The latter coincides with increased DNA-methylation in the respective loci. For two prominent circular RNAs the abundance in worker bee brains was quantified in TaqMan assays. In line with previous findings of circular RNAs in Drosophila, circAmrsmep2 accumulates with increasing age of the insect. In contrast, the levels of circAmrad appear age-independent and correlate with the bee's task. Its parental gene is related to amnesia-resistant memory. Conclusions We provide the first characterization of circRNAs in a social insect. Many of the RNAs identified here show homologies to circular RNAs found in Drosophila and Bombyx, indicating that circular RNAs are a common feature among insects. We find that exon circularization is correlated to DNA-methylation at the flanking introns. The levels of circAmrad suggest a task-dependent abundance that is decoupled from age. Moreover, a GO term analysis shows an enrichment of task-related functions. We conclude that circular RNAs could be relevant for task allocation in honeybee and should be investigated further in this context. KW - circRNA KW - circular transcriptome sequencing KW - honeybee KW - brain KW - neuronal KW - Methylation KW - CpG KW - alternative splicing KW - behavioral plasticity Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-241302 VL - 20 ER -