TY  - JOUR
A1  - Üçeyler, Nurcan
A1  - Biko, Lydia
A1  - Hose, Dorothea
A1  - Hoffmann, Lukas
A1  - Sommer, Claudia
T1  - Comprehensive and differential long-term characterization of the alpha-galactosidase A deficient mouse model of Fabry disease focusing on the sensory system and pain development
JF  - Molecular Pain
N2  - Fabry disease is an X-linked lysosomal storage disorder due to impaired activity of alpha-galactosidase A with intracellular accumulation of globotriaosylceramide. Associated small fiber pathology leads to characteristic pain in Fabry disease. We systematically assessed sensory system, physical activity, metabolic parameters, and morphology of male and female mice with alpha-galactosidase A deficiency (Fabry ko) from 2 to 27 months of age and compared results with those of age- and gender-matched wild-type littermates of C57Bl/6J background. Results From the age of two months, male and female Fabry mice showed mechanical hypersensitivity (p < 0.001 each) compared to wild-type littermates. Young Fabry ko mice of both genders were hypersensitive to heat stimulation (p < 0.01) and developed heat hyposensitivity with aging (p < 0.05), while cold hyposensitivity was present constantly in young (p < 0.01) and old (p < 0.05) Fabry ko mice compared to wild-type littermates. Stride angle increased only in male Fabry ko mice with aging (p < 0.01) in comparison to wild-type littermates. Except for young female mice, male (p < 0.05) and female (p < 0.01) Fabry ko mice had a higher body weight than wild-type littermates. Old male Fabry ko mice were physically less active than their wild-type littermates (p < 0.05), had lower chow intake (p < 0.001), and lost more weight (p < 0.001) in a one-week treadmill experiment than wild-type littermates. Also, Fabry ko mice showed spontaneous pain protective behavior and developed orofacial dysmorphism resembling patients with Fabry disease.
Conclusions. Mice with alpha-galactosidase A deficiency show age-dependent and distinct deficits of the sensory system. alpha-galactosidase A-deficient mice seem to model human Fabry disease and may be helpful when studying the pathophysiology of Fabry-associated pain.
KW  - Fabry disease
KW  - alpha-galactosidase A
KW  - mouse model
KW  - pain
Y1  - 2016
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-147562
VL  - 12
IS  - 1744806916646370
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Weider, Matthias
A1  - Wegener, Amélie
A1  - Schmitt, Christian
A1  - Küspert, Melanie
A1  - Hillgärtner, Simone
A1  - Bösl, Michael R.
A1  - Hermans-Borgmeyer, Irm
A1  - Nait-Oumesmar, Brahim
A1  - Wegner, Michael
T1  - Elevated in vivo levels of a single transcription factor directly convert satellite glia into oligodendrocyte-like cells
JF  - PLoS Genetics
N2  - Oligodendrocytes are the myelinating glia of the central nervous system and ensure rapid saltatory conduction. Shortage or loss of these cells leads to severe malfunctions as observed in human leukodystrophies and multiple sclerosis, and their replenishment by reprogramming or cell conversion strategies is an important research aim. Using a transgenic approach we increased levels of the transcription factor Sox10 throughout the mouse embryo and thereby prompted Fabp7-positive glial cells in dorsal root ganglia of the peripheral nervous system to convert into cells with oligodendrocyte characteristics including myelin gene expression. These rarely studied and poorly characterized satellite glia did not go through a classic oligodendrocyte precursor cell stage. Instead, Sox10 directly induced key elements of the regulatory network of differentiating oligodendrocytes, including Olig2, Olig1, Nkx2.2 and Myrf. An upstream enhancer mediated the direct induction of the Olig2 gene. Unlike Sox10, Olig2 was not capable of generating oligodendrocyte-like cells in dorsal root ganglia. Our findings provide proof-of-concept that Sox10 can convert conducive cells into oligodendrocyte-like cells in vivo and delineates options for future therapeutic strategies.
KW  - peripheral nervous system
KW  - Hirschsprung disease
KW  - spinal-cord
KW  - boundary cap
KW  - differentiation
KW  - stem cells
KW  - factor Sox10
KW  - mouse model
KW  - expression
KW  - Olig2
Y1  - 2015
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-144123
VL  - 11
IS  - 2
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wang Ip, Chi
A1  - Klaus, Laura-Christin
A1  - Karikari, Akua A.
A1  - Visanji, Naomi P.
A1  - Brotchie, Jonathan M.
A1  - Lang, Anthony E.
A1  - Volkmann, Jens
A1  - Koprich, James B.
T1  - AAV1/2-induced overexpression of A53T-α-synuclein in the substantia nigra results in degeneration of the nigrostriatal system with Lewy-like pathology and motor impairment: a new mouse model for Parkinson’s disease
JF  - Acta Neuropathologica Communications
N2  - α-Synuclein is a protein implicated in the etiopathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD). AAV1/2-driven overexpression of human mutated A53T-α-synuclein in rat and monkey substantia nigra (SN) induces degeneration of nigral dopaminergic neurons and decreases striatal dopamine and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). Given certain advantages of the mouse, especially it being amendable to genetic manipulation, translating the AAV1/2-A53T α-synuclein model to mice would be of significant value. AAV1/2-A53T α-synuclein or AAV1/2 empty vector (EV) at a concentration of 5.16 x 10\(^{12}\) gp/ml were unilaterally injected into the right SN of male adult C57BL/6 mice. Post-mortem examinations included immunohistochemistry to analyze nigral α-synuclein, Ser129 phosphorylated α-synuclein and TH expression, striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) levels by autoradiography and dopamine levels by high performance liquid chromatography. At 10 weeks, in AAV1/2-A53T α-synuclein mice there was a 33% reduction in TH+ dopaminergic nigral neurons (P < 0.001), 29% deficit in striatal DAT binding (P < 0.05), 38% and 33% reductions in dopamine (P < 0.001) and DOPAC (P < 0.01) levels and a 60% increase in dopamine turnover (homovanilic acid/dopamine ratio; P < 0.001). Immunofluorescence showed that the AAV1/2-A53T α-synuclein injected mice had widespread nigral and striatal expression of vector-delivered A53T-α-synuclein. Concurrent staining with human PD SN samples using gold standard histological methodology for Lewy pathology detection by proteinase K digestion and application of specific antibody raised against human Lewy body α-synuclein (LB509) and Ser129 phosphorylated α-synuclein (81A) revealed insoluble α-synuclein aggregates in AAV1/2-A53T α-synuclein mice resembling Lewy-like neurites and bodies. In the cylinder test, we observed significant paw use asymmetry in the AAV1/2-A53T α-synuclein group when compared to EV controls at 5 and 9 weeks post injection (P < 0.001; P < 0.05). These data show that unilateral injection of AAV1/2-A53T α-synuclein into the mouse SN leads to persistent motor deficits, neurodegeneration of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system and development of Lewy-like pathology, thereby reflecting clinical and pathological hallmarks of human PD.
KW  - Lewy-like pathology
KW  - Parkinson’s disease
KW  - α-synuclein
KW  - A53T
KW  - mutation
KW  - mouse model
Y1  - 2017
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-159429
VL  - 5
IS  - 11
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Tsoneva, Desislava
A1  - Minev, Boris
A1  - Frentzen, Alexa
A1  - Zhang, Qian
A1  - Wege, Anja K.
A1  - Szalay, Aladar A.
T1  - Humanized Mice with Subcutaneous Human Solid Tumors for Immune Response Analysis of Vaccinia Virus-Mediated Oncolysis
JF  - Molecular Therapy Oncolytics
N2  - Oncolytic vaccinia virus (VACV) therapy is an alternative cancer treatment modality that mediates targeted tumor destruction through a tumor-selective replication and an induction of anti-tumor immunity. We developed a humanized tumor mouse model with subcutaneous human tumors to analyze the interactions of VACV with the developing tumors and human immune system. A successful systemic reconstitution with human immune cells including functional T cells as well as development of tumors infiltrated with human T and natural killer (NK) cells was observed. We also demonstrated successful in vivo colonization of such tumors with systemically administered VACVs. Further, a new recombinant GLV-1h376 VACV encoding for a secreted human CTLA4-blocking single-chain antibody (CTLA4 scAb) was tested. Surprisingly, although proving CTLA4 scAb’s in vitro binding ability and functionality in cell culture, beside the significant increase of CD56\(^{bright}\) NK cell subset, GLV-1h376 was not able to increase cytotoxic T or overall NK cell levels at the tumor site. Importantly, the virus-encoded β-glucuronidase as a measure of viral titer and CTLA4 scAb amount was demonstrated. Therefore, studies in our “patient-like” humanized tumor mouse model allow the exploration of newly designed therapy strategies considering the complex relationships between the developing tumor, the oncolytic virus, and the human immune system.
KW  - humanized tumor
KW  - mouse model
KW  - subcutaneous human tumors
KW  - Oncolytic vaccinia virus
Y1  - 2017
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-170786
VL  - 5
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Thibaudeau, Laure
A1  - Taubenberger, Anna V.
A1  - Holzapfel, Boris M.
A1  - Quent, Verena M.
A1  - Fuehrmann, Tobias
A1  - Hesami, Parisa
A1  - Brown, Toby D.
A1  - Dalton, Paul D.
A1  - Power, Carl A.
A1  - Hollier, Brett G.
A1  - Hutmacher, Dietmar W.
T1  - A tissue-engineered humanized xenograft model of human breast cancer metastasis to bone
JF  - Disease Models & Mechanisms
N2  - The skeleton is a preferred homing site for breast cancer metastasis. To date, treatment options for patients with bone metastases are mostly palliative and the disease is still incurable. Indeed, key mechanisms involved in breast cancer osteotropism are still only partially understood due to the lack of suitable animal models to mimic metastasis of human tumor cells to a human bone microenvironment. In the presented study, we investigate the use of a human tissue-engineered bone construct to develop a humanized xenograft model of breast cancer-induced bone metastasis in a murine host. Primary human osteoblastic cell-seeded melt electrospun scaffolds in combination with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 7 were implanted subcutaneously in non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient mice. The tissue-engineered constructs led to the formation of a morphologically intact 'organ' bone incorporating a high amount of mineralized tissue, live osteocytes and bone marrow spaces. The newly formed bone was largely humanized, as indicated by the incorporation of human bone cells and human-derived matrix proteins. After intracardiac injection, the dissemination of luciferase-expressing human breast cancer cell lines to the humanized bone ossicles was detected by bioluminescent imaging. Histological analysis revealed the presence of metastases with clear osteolysis in the newly formed bone. Thus, human tissue-engineered bone constructs can be applied efficiently as a target tissue for human breast cancer cells injected into the blood circulation and replicate the osteolytic phenotype associated with breast cancer-induced bone lesions. In conclusion, we have developed an appropriate model for investigation of species-specific mechanisms of human breast cancer-related bone metastasis in vivo.
KW  - breast cancer
KW  - bone metastasis
KW  - humanized xenograft model
KW  - melt electrospinning
KW  - tissue engineering
KW  - osteotropism
KW  - in vivo
KW  - stem-cell niche
KW  - human prostate-cancer
KW  - morphogenetic protein
KW  - osteoprogenitor cells
KW  - endochondral ossification
KW  - mouse model
KW  - trabecular bone
KW  - calcium phosphate
KW  - skeletal metastases
Y1  - 2014
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-117466
VL  - 7
IS  - 2
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Spitzel, Marlene
A1  - Wagner, Elise
A1  - Breyer, Maximilian
A1  - Henniger, Dorothea
A1  - Bayin, Mehtap
A1  - Hofmann, Lukas
A1  - Mauceri, Daniela
A1  - Sommer, Claudia
A1  - Üçeyler, Nurcan
T1  - Dysregulation of immune response mediators and pain-related ion channels is associated with pain-like behavior in the GLA KO mouse model of Fabry disease
JF  - Cells
N2  - Fabry disease (FD) is a rare life-threatening disorder caused by deficiency of the alpha-galactosidase A (GLA) enzyme with a characteristic pain phenotype. Impaired GLA production or function leads to the accumulation of the cell membrane compound globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) in the neurons of the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of FD patients. Applying immunohistochemistry (IHC) and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT PCR) analysis on DRG tissue of the GLA knockout (KO) mouse model of FD, we address the question of how Gb3 accumulation may contribute to FD pain and focus on the immune system and pain-associated ion channel gene expression. We show a higher Gb3 load in the DRG of young (<6 months) (p < 0.01) and old (≥12 months) (p < 0.001) GLA KO mice compared to old wildtype (WT) littermates, and an overall suppressed immune response in the DRG of old GLA KO mice, represented by a reduced number of CD206\(^+\) macrophages (p < 0.01) and lower gene expression levels of the inflammation-associated targets interleukin(IL)1b (p < 0.05), IL10 (p < 0.001), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) (p < 0.05), and leucine rich alpha-2-glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) (p < 0.01) in the DRG of old GLA KO mice compared to old WT. Dysregulation of immune-related genes may be linked to lower gene expression levels of the pain-associated ion channels calcium-activated potassium channel 3.1 (KCa3.1) and transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 channel (TRPA1). Ion channel expression might further be disturbed by impaired sphingolipid recruitment mediated via the lipid raft marker flotillin-1 (FLOT1). This impairment is represented by an increased number of FLOT1\(^+\) DRG neurons with a membranous expression pattern in old GLA KO mice compared to young GLA KO, young WT, and old WT mice (p < 0.001 each). Further, we provide evidence for aberrant behavior of GLA KO mice, which might be linked to dysregulated ion channel gene expression levels and disturbed FLOT1 distribution patterns. Behavioral testing revealed mechanical hypersensitivity in young (p < 0.01) and old (p < 0.001) GLA KO mice compared to WT, heat hypersensitivity in young GLA KO mice (p < 0.001) compared to WT, age-dependent heat hyposensitivity in old GLA KO mice (p < 0.001) compared to young GLA KO mice, and cold hyposensitivity in young (p < 0.001) and old (p < 0.001) GLA KO mice compared to WT, which well reflects the clinical phenotype observed in FD patients.
KW  - Fabry disease
KW  - globotriaosylceramide
KW  - inflammation
KW  - macrophages
KW  - cytokines
KW  - ion channels
KW  - flotillin-1 lipid rafts
KW  - pain-associated behavior
KW  - mouse model
Y1  - 2022
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-275186
SN  - 2073-4409
VL  - 11
IS  - 11
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schaefer, Natascha
A1  - Zheng, Fang
A1  - van Brederode, Johannes
A1  - Berger, Alexandra
A1  - Leacock, Sophie
A1  - Hirata, Hiromi
A1  - Paige, Christopher J.
A1  - Harvey, Robert J.
A1  - Alzheimer, Christian
A1  - Villmann, Carmen
T1  - Functional Consequences of the Postnatal Switch From Neonatal to Mutant Adult Glycine Receptor α1 Subunits in the Shaky Mouse Model of Startle Disease
JF  - Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience
N2  - Mutations in GlyR α1 or β subunit genes in humans and rodents lead to severe startle disease characterized by rigidity, massive stiffness and excessive startle responses upon unexpected tactile or acoustic stimuli. The recently characterized startle disease mouse mutant shaky carries a missense mutation (Q177K) in the β8-β9 loop within the large extracellular N-terminal domain of the GlyR α1 subunit. This results in a disrupted hydrogen bond network around K177 and faster GlyR decay times. Symptoms in mice start at postnatal day 14 and increase until premature death of homozygous shaky mice around 4–6 weeks after birth. Here we investigate the in vivo functional effects of the Q177K mutation using behavioral analysis coupled to protein biochemistry and functional assays. Western blot analysis revealed GlyR α1 subunit expression in wild-type and shaky animals around postnatal day 7, a week before symptoms in mutant mice become obvious. Before 2 weeks of age, homozygous shaky mice appeared healthy and showed no changes in body weight. However, analysis of gait and hind-limb clasping revealed that motor coordination was already impaired. Motor coordination and the activity pattern at P28 improved significantly upon diazepam treatment, a pharmacotherapy used in human startle disease. To investigate whether functional deficits in glycinergic neurotransmission are present prior to phenotypic onset, we performed whole-cell recordings from hypoglossal motoneurons (HMs) in brain stem slices from wild-type and shaky mice at different postnatal stages. Shaky homozygotes showed a decline in mIPSC amplitude and frequency at P9-P13, progressing to significant reductions in mIPSC amplitude and decay time at P18-24 compared to wild-type littermates. Extrasynaptic GlyRs recorded by bath-application of glycine also revealed reduced current amplitudes in shaky mice compared to wild-type neurons, suggesting that presynaptic GlyR function is also impaired. Thus, a distinct, but behaviorally ineffective impairment of glycinergic synapses precedes the symptoms onset in shaky mice. These findings extend our current knowledge on startle disease in the shaky mouse model in that they demonstrate how the progression of GlyR dysfunction causes, with a delay of about 1 week, the appearance of disease symptoms.
KW  - glycine receptor
KW  - startle disease
KW  - β8-β9 loop
KW  - mouse model
KW  - fast decay
Y1  - 2018
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-196056
SN  - 1662-5099
VL  - 11
IS  - 167
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Rosel, Eva Annemarie
T1  - Die Rolle der endothelialen Stickstoff-Monoxid-Synthase (eNOS) in der Endothelaktivierung
T1  - The role of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in endothelial activation
N2  - Im Mittelpunkt der Arbeit stand die Rolle der endothelialen Stickstoff-Monoxid-Synthase (eNOS) für die Endothelaktivierung. Für diese Untersuchungen wurde die MLEC-Zellkulturtechnik (murine lung endothelial cells) und die Gegenüberstellung des Wiltyp- und eNOS-Knockout-Genotyps verwendet. Die MLEC-Kulturen wurden aus dem mikrovaskulären Stromgebiet der Lungen von C57Bl6-Wildtyp-Mäusen (WT) und von eNOS-Knockout-Mäusen (KO) angelegt und immunomagnetisch (Anti-CD102) zweifach selektioniert. Die Reinheit der Kulturen für Endothelzellen nach zwei Selektionen lag bei über 95%. WT-Endothelzellen produzieren eine basale Menge an Stickstoff-Monoxid (NO). Sie steigern ihre NO-Produktion nach Stimulation mit VEGF (vascular endothelium growth factor), mit dem Kalzium-Ionophor Ionomycin sowie unter Scherkraftexposition. Die eNOS-Proteinexpression erhöht sich dementsprechend nach 12 Stunden Scherkraftexposition. WT- und eNOS-KO-Endothelzellen unterscheiden sich unter basalen Bedingungen nicht in ihrer Oberflächenexpression der Adhäsionsmoleküle ICAM-1, E-Selektin, P-Selektin und VCAM-1. Nach Zytokin-Stimulation erhöhen beide Genotypen ihr Adhäsionsmolekülprofil in gleicher Weise. Sowohl WT- als auch eNOS-KO-Endothelzellen verfügen zudem über einen schnellen Mechanismus, der die Hochregulation der P-Selektin-Oberflächenexpression nach Stimulation mit Thrombin oder Menadion in gleicher Weise ermöglicht. Auf Stimulation mit Thrombin oder Menadion reagieren WT-Zellen mit einem signifikanten Anstieg der Produktion von freien Sauerstoff-Radikalen (ROS, rapid oxygen species). eNOS-KO-Zellen zeigen eine im Vergleich zum WT erhöhte basale ROS-Produktion. Diese lässt sich auch nach Stimulation nicht weiter steigern. Die experimentellen Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die MLEC-Zellkulturtechnik ein verlässliches Modell für Untersuchungen an Gefäßendothelzellen darstellt. eNOS-KO-Zellen exprimieren nicht automatisch mehr Adhäsionsmoleküle an der Zelloberfläche als WT-Zellen. Allerdings ist die basale Produktion von ROS in eNOS-KO-Zellen vermehrt. Folglich ist in diesem Modell eNOS nicht für die konstitutive Suppression der endothelialen Aktivierung verantwortlich. Der NO-Effekt kann nicht in einer direkten und kontinuierlichen Unterdrückung der endothelialen Oberflächenaktivierung liegen. Das Fehlen von NO führt vielmehr zu einer Verschiebung des Gleichgewichts zwischen dem Radikalfänger NO und O2- (Superoxid) zugunsten von O2-. Aufgrund dieses Ungleichgewichts ist die basale ROS-Produktion von eNOS-KO-Zellen vermutlich erhöht. Damit wird die Endothelzelle empfindlicher gegenüber zusätzlichem oxidativen Stress. Die eNOS-KO-Zellen können die höhere ROS-Belastung in den durchgeführten Untersuchungen kompensieren. Es ist aber denkbar, dass bei zusätzlichem oxidativen Stress ein erhöhtes Maß an O2- das Startsignal für die Abläufe der endothelialen Aktivierung darstellt.
N2  - The objective of this study was the role of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in endothelial activation. To do this we used MLEC cell cultures (murine lung endothelial cells) and the comparison between wildtype- and eNOS-knockout-genotype. MLECs were generated from microvascular lung tissue from C57Bl6-wildtype-mice (WT) and from eNOS-knockout-mice (KO) by immunomagnetic bead selection (anti-CD102). The endothelial cell cultures purity after twofold selection was > 95%. WT-endothelial cells produced a baseline amount of nitric oxide (NO). After stimulation with VEGF (vascular endothelium growth factor), with the calcium-ionophore ionomycin or after exposure to shear stress, WT-endothelial cells produced significantly higher amounts of NO. Simultaneously eNOS-protein expression was upregulated after 12 hours of shear stress exposure. Resting WT- and eNOS-KO-endothelial cells showed no difference in their surface expression of the adhesion molecules ICAM-1, E-Selektin, P-Selektin- and VCAM-1. Stimulation with cytokines led to an equally strong increase of the adhesion molecule expression in both genotypes. WT- as well as eNOS-KO-endothelial cells show a rapid mechanism to upregulate the surface expression of P-Selektin in a similar way after stimulation with thrombin or menadione. WT-endothelial cells showed a significant increase in the generation of rapid oxygen species (ROS) following stimulation with thrombin or menadione. The baseline level of ROS generation in eNOS-KO-endothelial cells is higher than in WT-cells and cannot even be increased upon stimulation. The results show that the MLEC-cell culture technique is a valid model for experimental research in vascular endothelial cells. eNOS-KO-cells do not automatically express a higher amount of adhesion molecules on their surface. However the baseline generation of ROS in eNOS-KO-cells is increased. Therefore eNOS is not responsible for the constitutive suppression of endothelial activation in this model. eNOS-derived NO is not required for the direct and continuous suppression of endothelial surface activation. The absence of NO leads to an imbalance between the scavenger NO and O2- (superoxide) in favour of O2-. It is probably because of this imbalance that the baseline ROS-generation in eNOS-KO-cells is increased. This causes endothelial cells to be more sensitive to oxidative stress. In our experiments the eNOS-KO-cells can compensate for the higher baseline ROS-level. It is however conceivable that an increased level of O2- as an additive oxidative stress may lead to starting signals for endothelial activation.
KW  - Stickstoffmonoxid
KW  - Stickstoffmonoxid-Synthase
KW  - Endothel
KW  - Zellkultur
KW  - Arteriosklerose
KW  - eNOS
KW  - eNOS-knockout
KW  - Endothelaktivierung
KW  - Mausmodell
KW  - endothelial nitric oxide synthase
KW  - eNOS-knockout
KW  - endothelial activation
KW  - nitric oxide
KW  - mouse model
Y1  - 2007
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-27824
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Rivero, Olga
A1  - Alhama-Riba, Judit
A1  - Ku, Hsing-Ping
A1  - Fischer, Matthias
A1  - Ortega, Gabriela
A1  - Álmos, Péter
A1  - Diouf, David
A1  - van den Hove, Daniel
A1  - Lesch, Klaus-Peter
T1  - Haploinsufficiency of the Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Risk Gene St3gal3 in Mice Causes Alterations in Cognition and Expression of Genes Involved in Myelination and Sialylation
JF  - Frontiers in Genetics
N2  - Genome wide association meta-analysis identified ST3GAL3, a gene encoding the beta-galactosidase-alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase-III, as a risk gene for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Although loss-of-function mutations in ST3GAL3 are implicated in non-syndromic autosomal recessive intellectual disability (NSARID) and West syndrome, the impact of ST3GAL3 haploinsufficiency on brain function and the pathophysiology of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), such as ADHD, is unknown. Since St3gal3 null mutant mice display severe developmental delay and neurological deficits, we investigated the effects of partial inactivation of St3gal3 in heterozygous (HET) knockout (St3gal3±) mice on behavior as well as expression of markers linked to myelination processes and sialylation pathways. Our results reveal that male St3gal3 HET mice display cognitive deficits, while female HET animals show increased activity, as well as increased cognitive control, compared to their wildtype littermates. In addition, we observed subtle alterations in the expression of several markers implicated in oligodendrogenesis, myelin formation, and protein sialylation as well as cell adhesion/synaptic target glycoproteins of ST3GAL3 in a brain region- and/or sex-specific manner. Taken together, our findings indicate that haploinsufficiency of ST3GAL3 results in a sex-dependent alteration of cognition, behavior and markers of brain plasticity.
KW  - sialyltransferase
KW  - sialic acid
KW  - psychiatric disorders
KW  - attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
KW  - prefrontal cortex
KW  - hippocampus
KW  - mouse model
Y1  - 2021
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-246855
SN  - 1664-8021
VL  - 12
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Riedel, Simone Stefanie
T1  - Characterization of the fluorescence protein FP635 for in vivo imaging and establishment of a murine multiple myeloma model for non-invasive imaging of disease progression and response to therapy
T1  - Charakterisierung des Fluoreszenzproteins FP635 für die in vivo Bildgebung und Etablierung eines Maus Modells für die nicht invasive Bildgebung des Krankheitsverlaufes und Ansprechen auf Therapien imMultiplen Myelom
N2  - Optical in vivo imaging methods have advanced the fields of stem cell transplantation, graft-versus–host disease and graft-versus-tumor responses. Two well known optical methods, based on the transmission of light through the test animal are bioluminescence imaging (BLI) and fluorescence imaging (FLI). Both methods allow whole body in vivo imaging of the same animal over an extended time span where the cell distribution and proliferation can be visualized. BLI has the advantages of producing almost no unspecific background signals and no necessity for external excitation light. Hence, BLI is a highly sensitive and reliable detection method. Yet, the BLI reporter luciferase is not applicable with common microscopy techniques, therefore abolishing this method for cellular resolution imaging. FLI in turn, presents the appealing possibility to use one fluorescent reporter for whole body imaging as well as cellular resolution applying microscopy techniques. The absorption of light occurs mainly due to melanin and hemoglobin in wavelengths up to 650 nm. Therefore, the wavelength range beyond 650 nm may allow sensitive optical imaging even in deep tissues. For this reason, significant efforts are undertaken to isolate or develop genetically enhanced fluorescent proteins (FP) in this spectral range. “Katushka” also called FP635 has an emission close to this favorable spectrum and is reported as one of the brightest far-red FPs. Our experiments also clearly showed the superiority of BLI for whole body imaging over FLI. Based on these results we applied the superior BLI technique for the establishment of a pre-clinical multiple myeloma (MM) mouse model. MM is a B-cell disease, where malignant plasma cells clonally expand in the bone marrow (BM) of older people, causing significant morbidity and mortality. Chromosomal abnormalities, considered a hallmark of MM, are present in nearly all patients and may accumulate or change during disease progression. The diagnosis of MM is based on clinical symptoms, including the CRAB criteria: increased serum calcium levels, renal insufficiency, anemia, and bone lesions (osteolytic lesions or osteoporosis with compression fractures). Other clinical symptoms include hyperviscosity, amyloidosis, and recurrent bacterial infections. Additionally, patients commonly exhibit more than 30% clonal BM plasma cells and the presence of monoclonal protein is detected in serum and/or urine. With current standard therapies, MM remains incurable and patients diagnosed with MM between 2001 and 2007 had a 5-year relative survival rate of only 41%. Therefore, the development of new drugs or immune cell-based therapies is desirable and necessary. To this end we developed the MOPC-315 cell line based syngeneic MM mouse model. MOPC-315 cells were labeled with luciferase for in vivo detection by BLI. We validated the non-invasively obtained BLI data with histopathology, measurement of idiotype IgA serum levels and flow cytometry. All methods affirmed the reliability of the in vivo BLI data for this model. We found that this orthotopic MM model reflects several key features of the human disease. MOPC-315 cells homed efficiently to the BM compartment including subsequent proliferation. Additionally, cells disseminated to distant skeletal parts, leading to the typical multifocal MM growth. Osteolytic lesions and bone remodeling was also detected. We found evidence that the cell line had retained plasticity seen by dynamic receptor expression regulation in different compartments such as the BM and the spleen.
N2  - Optische in vivo bildgebende Verfahren haben die Felder der Stammzelltransplantation, Graft-versus-Host Krankheit und Graft-versus-Tumor Reaktion vorangebracht. Zwei gut bekannte optische Methoden, die auf der transmission von Licht durch das Versuchtier basieren, sind die Biolumineszenz Bildgebung (BLI) und die Fluoreszenz Bildgebung (FLI). Beide Methoden erlauben die in vivo Ganzkörperbildgebung desselben Tieres über lange Zeit wärenddessen die Zellverteilung und Proliferation sichtbar gemacht werden kann. Vorteil der BLI ist, dass beinahe keine unspezifischen Hintergrundsignale erzeugt werden und keine Notwendigkeit für Anregungslicht besteht. Daher ist BLI eine hochsensitive und verlässliche Detektionsmethode. Jedoch erlaubt der BLI Reporter, die Luziferase, keine Anwendung mit gängigen Mikroskopieanwendungen und verhindert daher, dass diese Methode für die Bildgebung auf zellulärer Ebene genutzt werden kann. FLI wiederum bietet die attraktive Möglichkeit einen fluoreszenten Reporter sowohl für die Bildgebung des gesamten Körpers, als auch auf zellulärer Ebene durch die Anwendung von Mikroskopietechniken zu nutzen. Derzeit bestehen noch größere Einschränkungen bei der Arbeit mit fluoreszent markierten Zellen innerhalb eines Tieres. Die allgemeine Autofluoreszenz des umliegenden Gewebes führt zu hohen Hintergrundsignalen. Zusätzlich werden sowohl das Anregungslicht als auch die emittierte Fluoreszenz durch das umliegende Gewebe abgeschwächt. Die Absorption des Lichtes geschieht hauptsächlich durch Melanin und Hämoglobin in Wellenlängen bis zu 650 nm. Daher könnte der Wellenlängenbereich über 650 nm sensitive optische Bildgebung auch in tief liegendem Gewebe ermöglichen. Aus diesem Grund werden erhebliche Anstrenungen unternommen um Fluoreszenzproteine (FP) in diesem spektralen Bereich zu isolieren oder genetisch verbesserte zu entwickeln. „Katushka“ auch FP635 genannt hat eine Emission, die nahe an diesem günstigen Spektrum liegt und wurde als eines der hellsten dunkelroten FPs beschrieben. Wir untersuchten FP635 für die Anwendung als sensitiver Einzelreporter für die Detektion immunologischer Prozesse von der Ganzkörper- bis zur Einzelzellbildgebung. Unsere Experimente zeigten auch deutlich die Überlegenheit der BLI über die FLI für die Ganzkörperbildgebung. Basierend auf diesen Ergebnissen setzten wir die überlegene BLI für die Etablierung eines präklinischen Mausmodells des Multiplen Myeloms (MM) ein. MM ist eine B-Zell Erkrankung wobei maligne Plasmazellen klonal im Knochenmark (BM) älterer Menschen expandieren und erhebliche Morbidität und Sterblichkeit verursacht. Chromosomale Abnormitäten gelten als Kennzeichen des MM, sind bei beinahe allen Patienten vorhanden und können sich während des Krankheitsverlaufes anhäufen oder verändern. Die Diagnose des MM basiert auf klinischen Syptomen inklusive der folgenden Kriterien: erhöhte Serum Kalzium Konzentration, Niereninsuffizienz, Anämie und Knochenläsionen (osteolytische Läsionen oder Osteoporose mit Kompressionsfrakturen). Weitere klinische Symptome beinhalten Hyperviskosität, Amyloidose und wiederkehrende bakterielle Infektionen. Zusätzlich zeigen Patienten verbreitet mehr als 30% klonale BM Plasmazellen und monoklonales Protein ist in Serum und/oder Urin detektierbar. Mit derzeitigen Standardtherapien bleibt MM unheilbar und Patienten, die zwischen 2001 und 2007 mit MM diagnostiziert wurden hatten eine relative 5-jahres Überlebensrate von nur 41%. Daher ist die Entwicklung neuer Medikamente und immunzellbasierten Therapien wünschenswert und notwendig. Zu diesem Zweck entwickelten wir das auf der Zelllinie MOPC-315 basierende syngene MM Mausmodell. Die MOPC-315 Zellen wurden für die in vivo Detektion mittels BLI mit Luziferase markiert. Wir validierten die nichtinvasiv gewonnenen BLI Daten mit Histopathologie, der Messung des idiotypen IgA Spiegels im Serum und Durchflusszytometrie. Alle Methoden bekräftigten die Zuverlässigkeit in vivo BLI Daten für dieses Modell. Wir stellten fest, dass dieses orthotope MM Modell einige Hauptmerkmale der menschlichen Erkrankung widerspiegelt. Die MOPC-315 Zellen wanderten effizient in das BM Kompartiment inklusive darauffolgender Proliferation. Ausserdem, streuten die Zellen in entfernte Teile des Skeletts aus was zum typischen multifokalen MM Wachstum führte. Wir stellten auch osteolytische Läsionen und Knochenumbau fest. Wir fanden Hinweise darauf, dass sich die Zelllinie Plastizität bewahrte was durch die dynamische Regulation der Rezeptorexpression in verschiedenen Kompartimenten, wie dem BM und der Milz, sichtbar wurde.
KW  - Fluoreszenzproteine
KW  - Plasmozytom
KW  - Biolumineszenzmessung
KW  - Maus
KW  - Multiple myeloma
KW  - bioluminescence imaging
KW  - fluorescence imaging
KW  - FP635
KW  - mouse model
KW  - nichtinvasive Bildgebung
KW  - Multiples Myelom
Y1  - 2013
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-77894
ER  -