TY  - THES
A1  - Diebel, Nadja
T1  - Akustisch evozierte Hirnstammpotentiale (AEHP) bei Frühgeborenen
T1  - Brainstem acustic evoked response audiometry (BAER) in preterm infants-chained stimuli BAER and standard BAER
N2  - Einleitung: Im Verlauf der letzten Jahre hat sich die Messung akustisch evozierter Hirnstammpotentiale als Untersuchungsmethode in der Pädiatrie, Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde und Neurologie etabliert. Ziel dieser Studie war es Latenzwerte der Welle I, III und V von Frühgeborenen unterschiedlicher Gestationswochen (GW) zu erfassen. Es sollte überprüft werden, ob es im Frühgeborenenalter allgemein zu einer kontinuierlichen Verkürzung der Latenzen aller drei Wellen (I, III, V) kommt oder ob Schwankungen im Verlauf bestehen, um somit bei späteren Untersuchungen Voraussagen über Latenzwerte machen zu können. Die Latenzwerte sollten sowohl in der Zeitgang-, als auch in der Standard-BERA gemessen und miteinander verglichen werden. Ebenso sollte die Abhängigkeit der Latenzen der AEHP von Risikofaktoren, hier Gentamicintherapie, im Patientenkollektiv dargestellt und die beiden verwendeten Meßmethoden miteinander verglichen werden. Methoden: Die Messung der Hirnstammpotentiale erfolgte mittels des BERAphon der Firma WESTRA, welches sich aus einem Computer und einen Kopfhörer mit drei Dauerelektroden zusammensetzt, die eine Vereinfachung der Handhabung des Gerätes erlauben. Insgesamt wurden 118 Messungen an 56 Neugeborenen, mit einem Gestationsalter von 23-40 Wochen zum Zeitpunkt der Geburt, durchgeführt. Das Alter der Patienten wurde zum Zeitpunkt der Messung auf die jeweils korrigierte Schwangerschaftswoche erhöht und lag damit zwischen der 30. und 49. Woche. Das Patientenkollektiv stammte aus der Kinderklinik der Universität Würzburg. Je nach Aufenthaltsdauer in der Klinik fanden auch longitudinale Messungen statt. Die Latenzen der Welle I, III und V wurden bei 40dB, 50dB und 60dB im Zeitgang- und Standard-Verfahren bestimmt. Gemessen wurden jeweils beide Ohren. Dabei betrug die Messdauer insgesamt 30 Minuten bis eine Stunde. Ergebnisse: Ergebnis dieser Studie war, dass es im Verlauf der Frühgeborenenperiode zu einer Latenzverkürzung kommt. Das Maximum der Latenzverkürzung konnte in dieser Studie zwischen der 31. und 34. GW beobachtet werden. Demnach scheint es insbesondere in dieser Entwicklungsperiode zu einer Reifung des auditiven Systems zu kommen. Bei Betrachtung des Einflusses von Gentamicin zeigte sich, dass die Patienten zwar anfangs höhere Latenzmaxima aufwiesen, sich jedoch im Verlauf bis zur 39. GW den Latenzwerten des Vergleichskollektives ohne Gentamicintherapie anglichen. Die Ursache hierfür scheint eine reversible Störung der Hörfunktion unter dieser Medikation zu sein. Beim Vergleich der Zeitgang- und Standard-BERA konnte beobachtet werden, dass die Standard-BERA im Allgemeinen kürzere Latenzwerte als das Zeitgangverfahren aufweist, sich die Werte beider Verfahren jedoch bei geringeren GW nahezu angleichen und bei einer Reizstärke von 40dB keines der beiden Verfahren bezüglich kürzerer Latenzen dominiert. Bei 50dB hingegen bietet das Zeitgangverfahren deutlich schlechtere Latenzen als das Standardverfahren. Es scheint demnach ein „Schwellenwert“ notwendig zu sein, um eine ausreichende Verschaltung im Hirnstamm zu erreichen. Die 40dB-Stufe ist möglicherweise als Reiz ungenügend, sodass in beiden Verfahren Latenzen mit großer Streubreite auftreten. Dies erklärt die größere Übereinstimmung beider Verfahren bei höheren Reizstufen. Bei Betrachtung der Wellen I, III und V stellte sich heraus, dass alle drei Wellen unterschiedlich gut darstellbar waren. Es zeigte sich, dass Welle I am schlechtesten, Welle V hingegen am besten im Kollektiv der Frühgeborenen darstellbar und in jedem Entwicklungsalter zu finden war. In jedem Entwicklungsalter stellten sich spezifische Latenzen dar. Wellen I und III korrelierten signifikant häufiger in beiden Verfahren bei steigendem Reizpegel miteinander und Welle V zeigte die höchste Übereinstimmung der Messwerte in beiden Verfahren. Schlussfolgerung: Frühgeborenen zeigen demnach im Verlauf ihrer Entwicklung, selbst unter Therapie mit potentiell ototoxischer Medikation, hier Gentamicin, und insbesondere zwischen der 31. und 34. GW eine Reifung des auditiven Systems, erkennbar an einer Latenzverkürzung der AEHP. Prinzipiell sollte bei allen Neugeboren vor Entlassung aus der Klinik ein Hörscreening durchgeführt werden, um eine Hörstörung möglichst früh aufzudecken. Zu empfehlen ist hierfür die Zeitgang-BERA, da sie mit wenig Zeitaufwand einen Überblick über die Hörschwelle in einem Untersuchungsgang erlaubt. Bei Kindern mit komplexeren Erkrankungen oder jüngerer GW sollte jedoch bei noch ungenügender Reife des auditiven Systems und zur weiteren Beurteilbarkeit des Hirnstammes die Standard-BERA durchgeführt werden. Risiko-Neugeborene und damit insbesondere Frühgeborene sollten jedoch zur weiteren Verlaufkontrolle einem zweiten Screening nach 3-4 Monaten unterzogen werden.
N2  - Introduction: In the last years the measurement of brainstem acoustic evoked responses (BAER) in paediatrics, neurology and ear-nose-throat-medicine had become establised. Target of this doctoral thesis was to register latency periods of wave I, III and V from preterm infants in different age. It should be tested, if there is a continuous decrease of latency (wave I, III and V) , so to make statements about latency in later measurements. The latency periods should be tested and compared in chained-stimuli BAER and standard-BAER. Furthermore it should be investigated if there is a dependence between latency and gentamicintherapy. Methods: The recordings of BAER were made by using the BERAphon® Babyscreener (Westra). The BERAphon is a combination of computer and a headphone with three electrodes. Altogether we studied 56 preterm infants of an gestational age of 23 - 40 gestational weeks (GW) at a corrected age of 30-49 GW in 118 measurements. Depending on the time of hospitalisation the recordings were repeated. The latency periods of wave I, III and V were registered by 40dB, 50dB and 60dB in chained-stimuli BAER and standard-BAER on both ears. The time of recording takes 30 minutes to one hour. Results: In preterm period it shows that there is a decrease of latency in different GW. The maximum of latency decrease could be noticed between 31. and 34. GW. So it seems, especially in this period of development, a great maturity in auditory system. By looking at the dependence of gentamicin on latency period it is true that the patients show a bigger latency maximum, but in the sequel you see a reduction of latency to patients without gentamicin therapy until the 39. GW. The cause seems to be a reversible influence on auditory system. In comparison by chained-simuli BAER and standard-BAER it could noticed that the standard-BAER shows in general recordings with lower latencies. The latency periods in preterm infants with small GW viewed in chained-stimuli- and standard-BAER similar latencies, especially at 40dB none of methods was dominant. At 50 dB the chained-stimuli BAER had plain bigger latencies as standard BAER. Maybe there is a threshold necessary to get a sufficient coordination in brainstem.. The 40dB is possibly insufficient, so that both methods get big latencies. If we look at wave I, III und V we see that all waves are different in representation. Wave I showed the worst and wave V the best representation. Every GW represented specific latency periods. Conclusion: Preterm infants show, also by therapy with gentamicin and especially between the 31. and 34. GW a development in auditory system and a decrease of latency periods in rise GW. On principle all newborn should be tested by BERA before leaving the hospital to look for hearing loss. The chained-stimuli BAER is to recommended, cause of the fast check of hearing. Children with complex disease or infants of small GW should be tested by standard-BAER, so to have a bigger assessment of brainstem. Risky newborns, especially preterm infants should be tested again after 3-4 month.
KW  - Zeitgang-BERA
KW  - konventionelle AEHP
KW  - Frühgeborene
KW  - Latenzen
KW  - chained- stimuli BAER
KW  - standard BAER
KW  - preterm infants
KW  - latency
Y1  - 2003
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-4465
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Bindig, Sandra
T1  - Die Lebensqualität ehemaliger sehr Frühgeborener im Erwachsenenalter - eine Pilotstudie
T1  - Quality of life in former extremely preterm infants in adulthood - a pilot study
N2  - Die Langzeitprognose und Lebensqualität von ehemaligen extrem Frühgeborenen im Erwachsenenalter ist noch unzureichend erforscht. Im Hinblick auf die immer besseren Überlebenschancen und die Frage nach der Langzeitentwicklung der sehr kleinen Frühgeborenen ist die Lebensqualitätsforschung ein sehr wichtiger Parameter geworden. Mit dieser Pilotstudie soll die Machbarkeit des hier vorliegenden Studienformats zur Erhebung der subjektiven Lebensqualität von ehemaligen Frühgeborenen im jungen Erwachsenenalter erprobt werden und ein erster Hinweis auf den Grad der subjektiv empfundenen Lebensqualität erhoben werden. Kontaktiert wurden die ehemaligen sehr kleinen Frühgeborenen mit weniger als 1500 g Geburtsgewicht und < 32 SSW, die im Zeitraum 1983-85 in der Univ.-Frauenklinik Würzburg geboren wurden. 24 von 38 angeschriebenen ehemaligen Frühgeborenen zwischen 17 und 21 Jahre beantworteten schriftlich oder telefonisch den „revidierten Kiddo-KINDLR-Fragebogen zur Erfassung der gesundheitsbezogenen Lebensqualität bei Kindern und Jugendlichen“ von RAVENS-SIEBERER und BULLINGER sowie weiterführende Fragen zu Gesundheit, Ausbildung und Persönlichkeit. 17 Elternpaare machten Angaben zur persönlichen Gesundheit und zum sozio-ökonomischen Status. Verglichen wurden die KINDLR-Ergebnisse mit einer Referenzgruppe aus 583 Hamburger Schülerinnen und Schülern. Auf der Skala „Lebensqualität total“ erreichten die ehemaligen frühgeborenen Probandinnen durchschnittlich 67,66 Punkte und deren Referenzgruppe 70,78 Punkte (p = 0,442). Die ehemaligen frühgeborenen Probanden erzielten einen Mittelwert von 69,65 Punkten und deren Vergleichsgruppe 73,54 Punkte (p = 0,295). Die subjektive Lebensqualität der Frühgeborenen-Gruppe unterscheidet sich nicht signifikant von der Referenzgruppe. Aufgrund der niedrigen Fallzahl sind die erhobenen Werte nur als Tendenz zu werten. Das vorliegende Studienkonzept hat sich in der Durchführbarkeit bewährt. Mittels einer deutschlandweiten Multi-Center-Studie soll nun die Langzeitbeobachtung und die Lebensqualitätforschung bei extrem kleinen Frühgeborene im Jugendlichen- und Erwachsenenalter intensiviert werden.
N2  - Long-term prognosis and quality of life issues for extreme preterm infants who reach adult age is still insufficiently researched. With improving chances of survival and unresolved questions about long term development in these infants, the quality of life research became an important parameter. In this pilot study, the feasibility of a format for collecting subjective data relating to quality of life issues was tested and preliminary results were gained. Contacted in the study were very small surviving preterm infants, now adults, born in 1983-85 in the gynaecological hospital of the University of Wuerzburg with less than 1500 g birth weight and less than 32 weeks of gestation. 24 of 38 of the addressed former preterm infants, now between 17 and 21 years old, answered the "revised Kiddo-KINDLR questionnaire for the registration of health-related quality of life in children and young people" from RAVENS-SIEBERER and BULLINGER in writing or by telephone, as well as further questions to health, schooling and personality. 17 parents gave data of their personal health and socio-economic status. The KINDLR results were compared with a reference group of 583 pupils in Hamburg . On the scale "total quality of life” the female former preterm infants reached 67.66 points on average and their reference group 70.78 points (p = 0.442). The male former preterm infants obtained an average value of 69,65 points and their reference group 73.54 points (p = 0.295). The subjective quality of life of the preterm group does not differ significantly from the reference group. Due to the low number of participants the raised values are to be rated as a tendency only. The study concept at hand proved itself feasible. By means of a Germany-wide multi-centre study, the long-term observation and the quality of life research on former extremely small preterm infants in adolescence and young adulthood are now to be intensified.
KW  - Lebensqualität
KW  - Frühgeborene
KW  - VLBWI
KW  - ELBWI
KW  - Langzeitprognose
KW  - quality of life
KW  - preterm infants
KW  - vlbwi
KW  - elbwi
KW  - long-term prognosis
Y1  - 2006
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-22588
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hanke, Kathrin
A1  - Rausch, Tanja K.
A1  - Sosnowski, Runa
A1  - Paul, Pia
A1  - Spiegler, Juliane
A1  - Müller, Mirja
A1  - König, Inke R.
A1  - Göpel, Wolfgang
A1  - Herting, Egbert
A1  - Härtel, Christoph
T1  - Early skin-to-skin contact does not affect cerebral tissue oxygenation in preterm infants <32 weeks of gestation
JF  - Children
N2  - Aim: It was the aim of our study to determine the regional cerebral tissue oxygenation saturation (rcSO\(_2\)) as an additional monitoring parameter during early skin-to-skin contact (SSC) in preterm infants with a gestational age of <32 gestational weeks. Methods: We conducted two observational convenience sample studies using additional monitoring with near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in the first 120 h of life: (a) NIRS 1 (gestational age of 26 0/7 to 31 6/7 weeks) and (b) NIRS 2 (gestational age of 24 0/7 to 28 6/7 weeks). The rcSO\(_2\) values were compared between resting time in the incubator (period I), SSC (period II) and handling nursing care (period III). For the comparison, we separated the sequential effects by including a “wash-out phase” of 1 h between each period. Results: During the first 120 h of life 38/53 infants in NIRS 1 and 15/23 infants in NIRS 2 received SSC, respectively. We found no remarkable differences for rcSO\(_2\) values of NIRS 1 patients between SSC time and period I (95% confidence interval (CI) for the difference in %: SSC vs. period I [1; 3]). In NIRS 2, rcSO\(_2\) values during SSC were only 2% lower compared with period I [median [1. quartile; 3. quartile] in %; 78 [73; 82] vs. 80 [74; 85]] but were similar to period III [78 [72; 83]]. In a combined analysis, a small difference in rcSO\(_2\) values between SSC and resting times was found using a generalized linear mixed model that included gender and gestational age (OR 95% CI; 1.178 [1.103; 1.253], p < 0.0001). Episodes below the cut-off for “hypoxia”; e.g., <55%, were comparable during SSC and periods I and III (0.3–2.1%). No FiO\(_2\) adjustment was required in the vast majority of SSC episodes. Conclusions: Our observational data indicate that rcSO\(_2\) values of infants during SSC were comparable to rcSO\(_2\) values during incubator care and resting time. This additional monitoring supports a safe implementation of early SSC in extremely preterm infants in NICUs.
KW  - regional cerebral oxygenation saturation
KW  - near infrared spectroscopy
KW  - skin-to-skin contact
KW  - preterm infants
Y1  - 2022
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-262290
SN  - 2227-9067
VL  - 9
IS  - 2
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Faust, Kirstin
A1  - Freitag, Nancy
A1  - Barrientos, Gabriela
A1  - Hartel, Christoph
A1  - Blois, Sandra M.
T1  - Galectin-Levels Are Elevated in Infants Born Preterm Due to Amniotic Infection and Rapidly Decline in the Neonatal Period
JF  - Frontiers in Immunology
N2  - Galectin (gal)-1, -3, and -9 are members of a family of glycan binding proteins that mediate complex interactions between decidual, inflammatory and trophoblast cells modulating several processes during gestation, control of the maternal immune system, and parturition. Their immunomodulatory role in preterm birth and postnatal expression in preterm infants is unknown. We performed a single center prospective study of 170 preterm infants with a gestational age below 35 weeks. Peripheral venous blood samples were collected during the neonatal period and galectin-1, -3, and -9 were determined by ELISA. We noted a strong decline of circulating gal-1 and -3 levels but not gal-9 from birth to day 7 of life. There was an inverse correlation of gal-1 and -3 levels at birth with gestational age. Gal-1 levels were remarkably increased in infants born to amniotic infection syndrome (AIS), which was also observed for gal-9 levels. Infants who developed early-onset sepsis had higher levels of gal-3 at day 1 as compared to unaffected infants. Our observational data imply that galectin-1, -3, and -9 levels are elevated in preterm infants born in an inflammatory milieu such as AIS or EOS. Future studies need to address whether galectins mediate inflammation-induced preterm birth and could therefore be a target for clinical trials.
KW  - galectin-1
KW  - galectin-3
KW  - galectin-9
KW  - preterm infants
KW  - amniotic infection
Y1  - 2021
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-230701
SN  - 1664-3224
VL  - 11
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Twisselmann, Nele
A1  - Pagel, Julia
A1  - Künstner, Axel
A1  - Weckmann, Markus
A1  - Hartz, Annika
A1  - Glaser, Kirsten
A1  - Hilgendorff, Anne
A1  - Göpel, Wolfgang
A1  - Busch, Hauke
A1  - Herting, Egbert
A1  - Weinberg, Jason B.
A1  - Härtel, Christoph
T1  - Hyperoxia/Hypoxia Exposure Primes a Sustained Pro-Inflammatory Profile of Preterm Infant Macrophages Upon LPS Stimulation
JF  - Frontiers in Immunology
N2  - Preterm infants are highly susceptible to sustained lung inflammation, which may be triggered by exposure to multiple environmental cues such as supplemental oxygen (O\(_2\)) and infections. We hypothesized that dysregulated macrophage (MФ) activation is a key feature leading to inflammation-mediated development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm infants. Therefore, we aimed to determine age-dependent differences in immune responses of monocyte-derived MФ comparing cord blood samples derived from preterm (n=14) and term (n=19) infants as well as peripheral blood samples from healthy adults (n=17) after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure. Compared to term and adult MФ, LPS-stimulated preterm MФ showed an enhanced and sustained pro-inflammatory immune response determined by transcriptome analysis, cytokine release inducing a RORC upregulation due to T cell polarization of neonatal T cells, and TLR4 surface expression. In addition, a double-hit model was developed to study pulmonary relevant exposure factors by priming MФ with hyperoxia (O\(_2\) = 65%) or hypoxia (O\(_2\) = 3%) followed by lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 100ng/ml). When primed by 65% O\(_2\), subsequent LPS stimulation in preterm MФ led to an exaggerated pro-inflammatory response (e.g. increased HLA-DR expression and cytokine release) compared to LPS stimulation alone. Both, exposure to 65% or 3% O\(_2\) together with subsequent LPS stimulation, resulted in an exaggerated pro-inflammatory response of preterm MФ determined by transcriptome analysis. Downregulation of two major transcriptional factors, early growth response gene (Egr)-2 and growth factor independence 1 (Gfi1), were identified to play a role in the exaggerated pro-inflammatory response of preterm MФ to LPS insult after priming with 65% or 3% O\(_2\). Preterm MФ responses to LPS and hyperoxia/hypoxia suggest their involvement in excessive inflammation due to age-dependent differences, potentially mediated by downregulation of Egr2 and Gfi1 in the developing lung.
KW  - preterm infants
KW  - sustained inflammation
KW  - macrophages
KW  - hyperoxia
KW  - hypoxia
KW  - infection
KW  - bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Y1  - 2021
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-250356
SN  - 1664-3224
VL  - 12
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Glaser, Kirsten
A1  - Kern, David
A1  - Speer, Christian P.
A1  - Schlegel, Nicolas
A1  - Schwab, Michael
A1  - Thome, Ulrich H.
A1  - Härtel, Christoph
A1  - Wright, Clyde J.
T1  - Imbalanced inflammatory responses in preterm and term cord blood monocytes and expansion of the CD14\(^+\)CD16\(^+\) subset upon toll-like receptor stimulation
JF  - International Journal of Molecular Sciences
N2  - Developmentally regulated features of innate immunity are thought to place preterm and term infants at risk of infection and inflammation-related morbidity. Underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. Differences in monocyte function including toll-like receptor (TLR) expression and signaling have been discussed. Some studies point to generally impaired TLR signaling, others to differences in individual pathways. In the present study, we assessed mRNA and protein expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in preterm and term cord blood (CB) monocytes compared with adult controls stimulated ex vivo with Pam3CSK4, zymosan, polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid, lipopolysaccharide, flagellin, and CpG oligonucleotide, which activate the TLR1/2, TLR2/6, TLR3, TLR4, TLR5, and TLR9 pathways, respectively. In parallel, frequencies of monocyte subsets, stimulus-driven TLR expression, and phosphorylation of TLR-associated signaling molecules were analyzed. Independent of stimulus, pro-inflammatory responses of term CB monocytes equaled adult controls. The same held true for preterm CB monocytes—except for lower IL-1β levels. In contrast, CB monocytes released lower amounts of anti-inflammatory IL-10 and IL-1ra, resulting in higher ratios of pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory cytokines. Phosphorylation of p65, p38, and ERK1/2 correlated with adult controls. However, stimulated CB samples stood out with higher frequencies of intermediate monocytes (CD14\(^+\)CD16\(^+\)). Both pro-inflammatory net effect and expansion of the intermediate subset were most pronounced upon stimulation with Pam3CSK4 (TLR1/2), zymosan (TR2/6), and lipopolysaccharide (TLR4). Our data demonstrate robust pro-inflammatory and yet attenuated anti-inflammatory responses in preterm and term CB monocytes, along with imbalanced cytokine ratios. Intermediate monocytes, a subset ascribed pro-inflammatory features, might participate in this inflammatory state.
KW  - neonatal immunology
KW  - inflammation
KW  - preterm infants
KW  - monocytes
KW  - cord blood
KW  - monocyte subsets
KW  - cytokines
KW  - Toll-like receptor signaling
Y1  - 2023
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-311056
SN  - 1422-0067
VL  - 24
IS  - 5
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Fortmann, Mats Ingmar
A1  - Dirks, Johannes
A1  - Goedicke-Fritz, Sybelle
A1  - Liese, Johannes
A1  - Zemlin, Michael
A1  - Morbach, Henner
A1  - Härtel, Christoph
T1  - Immunization of preterm infants: current evidence and future strategies to individualized approaches
JF  - Seminars in Immunopathology
N2  - Preterm infants are at particularly high risk for infectious diseases. As this vulnerability extends beyond the neonatal period into childhood and adolescence, preterm infants benefit greatly from infection-preventive measures such as immunizations. However, there is an ongoing discussion about vaccine safety and efficacy due to preterm infants’ distinct immunological features. A significant proportion of infants remains un- or under-immunized when discharged from primary hospital stay. Educating health care professionals and parents, promoting maternal immunization and evaluating the potential of new vaccination tools are important means to reduce the overall burden from infectious diseases in preterm infants. In this narrative review, we summarize the current knowledge about vaccinations in premature infants. We discuss the specificities of early life immunity and memory function, including the role of polyreactive B cells, restricted B cell receptor diversity and heterologous immunity mediated by a cross-reactive T cell repertoire. Recently, mechanistic studies indicated that tissue-resident memory (Trm) cell populations including T cells, B cells and macrophages are already established in the fetus. Their role in human early life immunity, however, is not yet understood. Tissue-resident memory T cells, for example, are diminished in airway tissues in neonates as compared to older children or adults. Hence, the ability to make specific recall responses after secondary infectious stimulus is hampered, a phenomenon that is transcriptionally regulated by enhanced expression of T-bet. Furthermore, the microbiome establishment is a dominant factor to shape resident immunity at mucosal surfaces, but it is often disturbed in the context of preterm birth. The proposed function of Trm T cells to remember benign interactions with the microbiome might therefore be reduced which would contribute to an increased risk for sustained inflammation. An improved understanding of Trm interactions may determine novel targets of vaccination, e.g., modulation of T-bet responses and facilitate more individualized approaches to protect preterm babies in the future.
KW  - preterm infants
KW  - immunization
KW  - vaccination
KW  - safety
KW  - mechanisms
KW  - resident memory T cells
Y1  - 2022
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-324261
VL  - 44
IS  - 6
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Boeckel, Hannah
A1  - Karsten, Christian M.
A1  - Göpel, Wolfgang
A1  - Herting, Egbert
A1  - Rupp, Jan
A1  - Härtel, Christoph
A1  - Hartz, Annika
T1  - Increased expression of anaphylatoxin C5a-receptor-1 in neutrophils and natural killer cells of preterm infants
JF  - International Journal of Molecular Sciences
N2  - Preterm infants are susceptible to infection and their defense against pathogens relies largely on innate immunity. The role of the complement system for the immunological vulnerability of preterm infants is less understood. Anaphylatoxin C5a and its receptors C5aR1 and -2 are known to be involved in sepsis pathogenesis, with C5aR1 mainly exerting pro-inflammatory effects. Our explorative study aimed to determine age-dependent changes in the expression of C5aR1 and C5aR2 in neonatal immune cell subsets. Via flow cytometry, we analyzed the expression pattern of C5a receptors on immune cells isolated from peripheral blood of preterm infants (n = 32) compared to those of their mothers (n = 25). Term infants and healthy adults served as controls. Preterm infants had a higher intracellular expression of C5aR1 on neutrophils than control individuals. We also found a higher expression of C5aR1 on NK cells, particularly on the cytotoxic CD56\(^{dim}\) subset and the CD56\(^-\) subset. Immune phenotyping of other leukocyte subpopulations revealed no gestational-age-related differences for the expression of and C5aR2. Elevated expression of C5aR1 on neutrophils and NK cells in preterm infants may contribute to the phenomenon of “immunoparalysis” caused by complement activation or to sustained hyper-inflammatory states. Further functional analyses are needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
KW  - preterm infants
KW  - C5a
KW  - C5aR1
KW  - neutrophils
KW  - NK cells
KW  - innate immunity
KW  - sepsis
Y1  - 2023
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-321196
SN  - 1422-0067
VL  - 24
IS  - 12
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Platz, Angelika
T1  - Lebensqualität und Langzeitentwicklung von Frühgeborenen mit einem Geburtsgewicht unter 1500 g der Jahrgänge 1979 – 1986 im Erwachsenenalter aus Ost- und Westdeutschland
T1  - Quality of life and long-term development of preterm infants with a birth weight under 1500 g born between 1979 - 1986 in adulthood from East and West Germany
N2  - Bisherige Studien zur Prognose ehemaliger sehr kleiner Frühgeborener (Geburtsgewicht < 1500 g, Gestationsalter < 32 SSW) in Deutschland haben sich überwiegend mit der Entwicklung bis in das Pubertätsalter befasst. Bekannt ist die signifikante Häufung von kognitiven Defiziten, Zerebralparesen und Sinnesbehinderungen in Korrelation mit dem Gestationsalter im Vergleich zu ehemalig reifen Neugeborenen. Nach einem Pilotprojekt an der Univ.-Kinderklinik Würzburg wurden Daten von 291 Probanden, die zwischen 1979 und 1986 geboren und in zehn verschiedenen Kinderkliniken primär behandelt worden sind, gesammelt. Dabei konnte eine deutliche Zunahme der Zahl der Probanden in den Geburtsjahrgängen nach 1982 festgestellt werden. 50 (17 % ) des Kollektivs hatten ein Geburtsgewicht unter 1000 g. 27 % haben die Schule mit dem Abitur abgeschlossen, 37 % mit der mittleren Reife, 22 % mit einem Hauptschulabschluss, die meisten befanden sich aktuell noch in der Berufsausbildung. 22 % berichteten über Hinweise für eine chronische Bronchitis, 19 % hatten regelmäßig Physiotherapie. 54 % sind Brillenträger. Mit Hilfe des Fragebogens zur Lebensqualität KIDDO-KINDL konnten in den Bereichen körperliches und psychisches Wohlbefinden sowie Alltagsfunktionen keine signifikante Abweichung von Daten eines Normalkollektivs festgestellt werden. Auch ein Vergleich der gleich großen Gruppen aus den west- und ostdeutschen Bundesländern ergab in Bezug auf die Lebensqualität keinen signifikanten Unterschied. Weitere Auswertungen dieser Ergebnisse sind notwendig. Zusammenfassend ist trotz erhöhter Morbidität die subjektive Einschätzung der Lebensqualität der ehemalig sehr kleinen Frühgeborenen im Erwachsenenalter, die an unserer Erhebung teilgenommen haben, in Deutschland nicht signifikant schlechter als in einem Normalkollektiv und entspricht den Angaben der internationalen Literatur. Zur genaueren Analyse der vielfältigen Einflussfaktoren auf die Langzeitprognose sind konsequente multizentrische Langzeitstudien, besonders von den Frühgeborenen mit einem Geburtsgewicht unter 1000 g, unbedingt erforderlich.
N2  - Previous studies about the prognosis of former very and extremely small preterm babies (birthweight < 1500 g, gestational age < 32 weeks) in Germany only reached till puberty. Well known are significant increases of cognitive deficits, cerebral palsy and sensory impairments in correlation with gestational age and compared with term newborns. After a pilot project at the Children’ s University Hospital in Wuerzburg we collected the data of 291 people from 10 different children’ s Hospitals in Germany who were born between Jan 1 st 1979 and Dec 31 st 1986. We could recognize a clear increase of surviving babies after 1982. 50 (17 % ) of them had a birth weight under 1000 g. 27 % finished school with the highest grade ( “ Abitur ” ), 37 % with a high school degree and 22 % with a normal degree. Most of them are still in an occupational training. 22 % referred about chronic bronchitis, 54 % need spectacles, 19 % have regular physiotherapy. By a questionnaire about the quality of life (KIDDO KINDL) we recorded criteria in the fields of physical and psychological wellness and the all day functioning which were without significant differences to a normal cohort. In addition there was no difference in the quality of life criteria between former preterm babies born in West-Germany and those born in East-German hospitals. Further analyses of these results are necessary. In conclusion we could find that quality of life in those former very preterm babies in Germany who are now in adulthood and took part in our study is not significantly worse in comparison with people without any risk factors in the perinatal period. For more exact analysis of many influencing factors on the long term prognosis of former very preterm babies a national multicenter study is absolutely necessary, especially for preterms under 1000 g birthweight.
KW  - Lebensqualität
KW  - Ostdeutschland
KW  - Westdeutschland
KW  - Frühgeborene
KW  - Langzeitentwicklung
KW  - Erwachsenenalter
KW  - VLBWI
KW  - ELBWI
KW  - quality of life
KW  - preterm infants
KW  - adulthood
KW  - East Germany
KW  - West Germany
Y1  - 2010
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-66985
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Krupinski, Tabea
T1  - Nachweis von morphologischen Veränderungen beim Nierenscreening von Frühgeborenen und deren klinische Relevanz
T1  - Significance of planimetry and densitometry of sonograms in preterm infantswith suspected minor nephrocalcinosis
N2  - Die Sonographie ist für die Diagnosestellung der Nephrokalzinose Goldstandard. Gerade durch die technische Weiterentwicklung kommen aber immer wieder neue Herausforderungen auf den Untersucher zu. Höhere Frequenzen und dadurch höhere Auflösungen der Bilder führen zu einer häufigeren Darstellung von Veränderungen, die es zu interpretieren gilt. So kommt es bei Nierenuntersuchungen Frühgeborener auffällig oft zu einem Auftreten von Echogenitätsanhebungen, die meist als Nephrokalzinose diagnostiziert werden. Die vorliegende Studie sollte durch Messungen von Helligkeit und Größenverhältnissen, sowie durch Auswertung bestimmter Laborparameter weitere und unabhängigere Kriterien zur Diagnosestellung der Nephrokalzinose finden.
N2  - To assess the possible additional value of planimetry and densitometry of sonograms in preterm infants (PI) with sonographically suspected minor nephrocalcinosis (NC).
KW  - Ultraschall
KW  - Frühgeborenes
KW  - Planimetrie
KW  - Nephrokalzinose
KW  - Echogenität
KW  - nephrocalcinosis
KW  - echogenicity
KW  - preterm infants
KW  - ultrasound
Y1  - 2012
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-73915
ER  -