TY - JOUR A1 - Held, Matthias A1 - Hesse, Alexander A1 - Gött, Franziska A1 - Holl, Regina A1 - Hübner, Gudrun A1 - Kolb, Philipp A1 - Langen, Heinz Jakob A1 - Romen, Tobias A1 - Walter, Franziska A1 - Schäfers, Hans Joachim A1 - Wilkens, Heinrike A1 - Jany, Berthold T1 - A symptom-related monitoring program following pulmonary embolism for the early detection of CTEPH: a prospective observational registry study JF - BMC Pulmonary Medicine N2 - Background Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a long-term complication following an acute pulmonary embolism (PE). It is frequently diagnosed at advanced stages which is concerning as delayed treatment has important implications for favourable clinical outcome. Performing a follow-up examination of patients diagnosed with acute PE regardless of persisting symptoms and using all available technical procedures would be both cost-intensive and possibly ineffective. Focusing diagnostic procedures therefore on only symptomatic patients may be a practical approach for detecting relevant CTEPH. This study aimed to evaluate if a follow-up program for patients with acute PE based on telephone monitoring of symptoms and further examination of only symptomatic patients could detect CTEPH. In addition, we investigated the role of cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) as a diagnostic tool. Methods In a prospective cohort study all consecutive patients with newly diagnosed PE (n=170, 76 males, 94 females within 26 months) were recruited according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patients were contacted via telephone and asked to answer standardized questions relating to symptoms. At the time of the final analysis 130 patients had been contacted. Symptomatic patients underwent a structured evaluation with echocardiography, CPET and complete work-up for CTEPH. Results 37.7%, 25.5% and 29.3% of the patients reported symptoms after three, six, and twelve months respectively. Subsequent clinical evaluation of these symptomatic patients saw 20.4%, 11.5% and 18.8% of patients at the respective three, six and twelve months time points having an echocardiography suggesting pulmonary hypertension (PH). CTEPH with pathological imaging and a mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) ≥ 25 mm Hg at rest was confirmed in eight subjects. Three subjects with mismatch perfusion defects showed an exercise induced increase of PAP without increasing pulmonary artery occlusion pressure (PAOP). Two subjects with pulmonary hypertension at rest and one with an exercise induced increase of mPAP with normal PAOP showed perfusion defects without echocardiographic signs of PH but a suspicious CPET. Conclusion A follow-up program based on telephone monitoring of symptoms and further structured evaluation of symptomatic subjects can detect patients with CTEPH. CPET may serve as a complementary diagnostic tool. KW - follow-up KW - pulmonary embolism KW - pulmonary hypertension KW - pulmonary circulation KW - chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension KW - pulmonary artery pressure KW - pulmonary artery KW - cardiopulmonary exercise testing KW - dyspnea Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-119281 VL - 14 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rauch, Bernhard A1 - Salzwedel, Annett A1 - Bjarnason-Wehrens, Birna A1 - Albus, Christian A1 - Meng, Karin A1 - Schmid, Jean-Paul A1 - Benzer, Werner A1 - Hackbusch, Matthes A1 - Jensen, Katrin A1 - Schwaab, Bernhard A1 - Altenberger, Johann A1 - Benjamin, Nicola A1 - Bestehorn, Kurt A1 - Bongarth, Christa A1 - Dörr, Gesine A1 - Eichler, Sarah A1 - Einwang, Hans-Peter A1 - Falk, Johannes A1 - Glatz, Johannes A1 - Gielen, Stephan A1 - Grilli, Maurizio A1 - Grünig, Ekkehard A1 - Guha, Manju A1 - Hermann, Matthias A1 - Hoberg, Eike A1 - Höfer, Stefan A1 - Kaemmerer, Harald A1 - Ladwig, Karl-Heinz A1 - Mayer-Berger, Wolfgang A1 - Metzendorf, Maria-Inti A1 - Nebel, Roland A1 - Neidenbach, Rhoia Clara A1 - Niebauer, Josef A1 - Nixdorff, Uwe A1 - Oberhoffer, Renate A1 - Reibis, Rona A1 - Reiss, Nils A1 - Saure, Daniel A1 - Schlitt, Axel A1 - Völler, Heinz A1 - Känel, Roland von A1 - Weinbrenner, Susanne A1 - Westphal, Ronja T1 - Cardiac rehabilitation in German speaking countries of Europe — evidence-based guidelines from Germany, Austria and Switzerland LLKardReha-DACH — Part 1 JF - Journal of Clinical Medicine N2 - Background: Although cardiovascular rehabilitation (CR) is well accepted in general, CR-attendance and delivery still considerably vary between the European countries. Moreover, clinical and prognostic effects of CR are not well established for a variety of cardiovascular diseases. Methods: The guidelines address all aspects of CR including indications, contents and delivery. By processing the guidelines, every step was externally supervised and moderated by independent members of the “Association of the Scientific Medical Societies in Germany” (AWMF). Four meta-analyses were performed to evaluate the prognostic effect of CR after acute coronary syndrome (ACS), after coronary bypass grafting (CABG), in patients with severe chronic systolic heart failure (HFrEF), and to define the effect of psychological interventions during CR. All other indications for CR-delivery were based on a predefined semi-structured literature search and recommendations were established by a formal consenting process including all medical societies involved in guideline generation. Results: Multidisciplinary CR is associated with a significant reduction in all-cause mortality in patients after ACS and after CABG, whereas HFrEF-patients (left ventricular ejection fraction <40%) especially benefit in terms of exercise capacity and health-related quality of life. Patients with other cardiovascular diseases also benefit from CR-participation, but the scientific evidence is less clear. There is increasing evidence that the beneficial effect of CR strongly depends on “treatment intensity” including medical supervision, treatment of cardiovascular risk factors, information and education, and a minimum of individually adapted exercise volume. Additional psychologic interventions should be performed on the basis of individual needs. Conclusions: These guidelines reinforce the substantial benefit of CR in specific clinical indications, but also describe remaining deficits in CR-delivery in clinical practice as well as in CR-science with respect to methodology and presentation. KW - cardiac rehabilitation standards KW - scientific guidelines KW - secondary prevention KW - coronary artery disease KW - chronic heart failure KW - heart valve repair KW - ICD-CRT KW - ventricular assist device KW - heart transplantation KW - peripheral artery disease KW - pulmonary hypertension KW - myocarditis KW - adults with congenital heart disease Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-239709 SN - 2077-0383 VL - 10 IS - 10 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Karnati, Srikanth A1 - Seimetz, Michael A1 - Kleefeldt, Florian A1 - Sonawane, Avinash A1 - Madhusudhan, Thati A1 - Bachhuka, Akash A1 - Kosanovic, Djuro A1 - Weissmann, Norbert A1 - Krüger, Karsten A1 - Ergün, Süleyman T1 - Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and the Cardiovascular System: Vascular Repair and Regeneration as a Therapeutic Target JF - Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine N2 - Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and encompasses chronic bronchitis and emphysema. It has been shown that vascular wall remodeling and pulmonary hypertension (PH) can occur not only in patients with COPD but also in smokers with normal lung function, suggesting a causal role for vascular alterations in the development of emphysema. Mechanistically, abnormalities in the vasculature, such as inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, imbalances in cellular apoptosis/proliferation, and increased oxidative/nitrosative stress promote development of PH, cor pulmonale, and most probably pulmonary emphysema. Hypoxemia in the pulmonary chamber modulates the activation of key transcription factors and signaling cascades, which propagates inflammation and infiltration of neutrophils, resulting in vascular remodeling. Endothelial progenitor cells have angiogenesis capabilities, resulting in transdifferentiation of the smooth muscle cells via aberrant activation of several cytokines, growth factors, and chemokines. The vascular endothelium influences the balance between vaso-constriction and -dilation in the heart. Targeting key players affecting the vasculature might help in the development of new treatment strategies for both PH and COPD. The present review aims to summarize current knowledge about vascular alterations and production of reactive oxygen species in COPD. The present review emphasizes on the importance of the vasculature for the usually parenchyma-focused view of the pathobiology of COPD. KW - COPD KW - emphysema KW - pulmonary hypertension KW - hypoxia KW - oxidative stress Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-235631 SN - 2297-055X VL - 8 ER - TY - THES A1 - Meintz, Sebastian T1 - Häufigkeit und Bedeutung eines Apnoe-Hypopnoe-Index ≥ 5/h bei Patienten mit pulmonaler Hypertonie T1 - Prevalence and importance of an apnoea-hypopnoea-index ≥ 5/h in patients with pulmonary hypertension N2 - Ein gleichzeitiges Auftreten von schlafbezogenen Atmungsstörungen(SBAS)und pulmonaler Hypertonie(PH) wurde bereits in mehreren kleineren Studien beobachtet. Die hier vorgestellte Studie soll die Prävalenz von SBAS bei verschiedenen Ätiologien der PH in einem größeren Patientenkollektiv untersuchen. Es sollen Kausalitäten zwischen den nach ICSD-3 klassifizierten SBAS-Formen und den nach Nizza klassifizierten PH-Gruppen festgestellt werden. Bisher gibt es keine Studien zur funktionellen Leistungsfähigkeit und zur Mortalität bei SBAS und PH. Es handelt sich um eine retrospektive Studie, in die 111 Patienten eingeschlossen werden konnten, bei denen eine pulmonale Hypertonie nach dem Vorgehen gemäß den ESC/ERS Guidelines gesichert wurde. Alle Patienten erhielten ein ambulantes oder stationäres Schlafscreening in Form einer Polygraphie und/oder Polysomnographie, unabhängig davon, ob eine Symptomatik einer schlafbezogenen Atmungsstörung vorlag. In dieser Studie konnte in einem größeren Patientenkollektiv eine hohe Prävalenz von SBAS bei PH-Patienten festgestellt werden. Bei dem Vergleich von PH-Patienten mit und ohne SBAS zeigten sich keine signifikanten Unterschiede bzgl. funktioneller Leistungsfähigkeit oder Mortalität. In der hier vorgestellten Studie kommen die zentrale und die gemischte schlafbezogene Atmungsstörung vor allem in der PH-Gruppe I und IV vor. N2 - The simultaneous occurrence of sleep-related breathing disorders (SBD) and pulmonary hypertension (PH) has been described in several smaller studies. This study examines the prevalence of SBD in various aetiologies of PH in a larger patient population. It should be possible to draw a causal link between the ICSD-3 classified sleep-related breathing disorders and the Nizza classified groups of pulmonary hypertension. So far, there have been no studies on performance capacity and mortality in patients with SBD and PH. This is a retrospective study that includes 111 patients who had pulmonary hypertension as defined by the to the ESC/ERS guidelines. All patients underwent an outpatient or inpatient sleep study in the form of a polygraphy and/or polysomnography regardless of whether symptoms of sleep-related breathing disorder were present or not. In this study a large prevalence of SBD was found in patients with PH. There was no significant difference in performance capacity or mortality in the PH patients who had SBAS compared to those who did not. In this study central and mixed sleep-related breathing disorders were mostly prevalent in PH-groups I an IV KW - Pulmonale Hypertonie KW - schlafbezogenen KW - Schlafapnoe KW - Pulmonale Hypertonie KW - Schlafbezogene Atmungsstörung KW - Apnoe-Hypopnoe-Index KW - Pulmonalarterielle Hypertonie KW - pulmonary hypertension KW - sleep-related breathing disorder KW - apnoea-hypopnoea-index KW - pulmonary arterial hypertension Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-203902 ER - TY - THES A1 - Elspaß, Susanne Irmgard T1 - Häufigkeit und Bedeutung für Mortalität, kardiopulmonale Funktion und Komorbiditäten einer schlafbezogenen Atmungsstörung mit einem Apnoe-Hypopnoe-Index größer-gleich fünfzehn pro Stunde bei pulmonal-arterieller Hypertonie und chronisch thromboembolischer pulmonaler Hypertonie T1 - Frequency and importance for mortality, cardiopulmonary function and comorbidities of a sleep-disordered breathing disorder with an apnea-hypopnea index greater than or equal to fifteen per hour for pulmonary arterial hypertension and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension N2 - Mehrere vorangegangene kleinere Studien zeigen einen Zusammenhang zwischen pulmonaler Hypertonie (PH) und einer schlafbezogenen Atmungsstörung (u.a. obstruktive und zentrale Schlafapnoe). Die beiden Erkrankungen scheinen sich gegenseitig zu beeinflussen, wobei oftmals nicht geklärt werden kann, ob die pulmonale Hypertonie ursächlich für die Schlafapnoe ist oder umgekehrt. Für die vorliegende Untersuchung wurden Daten monozentrisch retrospektiv über einen Zeitraum von 2,5 Jahren ausgewertet. Die Daten stammen von Patienten der Pulmonalen-Hypertonie-Ambulanz der Missioklinik in Würzburg. Insgesamt werden 174 Patienten mit gesicherter PAH oder CTEPH untersucht und anhand einer durchgeführten Polygraphie in die beiden Gruppen AHI<15/h und AHI≥15/h eingeteilt. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde bei PAH- und CTEPH-Patienten untersucht, ob sie sich je nach der Höhe des Apnoe-Hypopnoe-Index AHI < bzw. ≥ 15/h hinsichtlich der Mortalität, Hämodynamik, ihrer Leistungsfähigkeit und der sonstigen kardiopulmonalen Funktion unterscheiden. Es werden zudem Unterschiede beim Auftreten diverser Komorbiditäten betrachtet. Etwa ein Fünftel der untersuchten PAH-Patienten (20,5 %) und ebenso der CTEPH-Patienten (21,4 %) weist eine schlafbezogene Atmungsstörung mit einem AHI≥15/h auf. Zur genaueren Analyse wird im Ergebnisteil die Studienpopulation in PAH und PAH+CTEPH getrennt. In beiden Erhebungen können keine signifikanten Differenzen bezüglich der Mortalität zwischen den Patienten mit AHI<15/h und AHI≥15/h festgestellt werden. Bei PAH-Patienten mit AHI≥15/h waren Arrhythmien häufiger zu finden und der pulmonalkapilläre Verschlussdruck (PCWP) war höher, das Herzzeitvolumen war bei Patienten mit AHI ≥15/h signifikant niedriger. Weitere signifikante Unterschiede betreffen die alveolo-arterielle Sauerstoffdruckdifferenz, welche bei Patienten mit AHI <15/h höher ist und die Gamma-GT-Serumkonzentration, welche bei Patienten mit AHI≥15/h signifikant höher zu finden war. Insgesamt ist das Kollektiv mit AHI≥15/h signifikant älter als die Patienten mit AHI<15/h. Bei der Auswertung des durch Pooling erstellten Kollektivs von PAH+CTEPH-Patienten haben die Patienten mit einem AHI≥15/h signifikant mehr Herzrhythmusstörungen (p=0,004). Auch ist in diesem Kollektiv der PCWP bei Patienten mit AHI≥15/h signifikant höher als bei Patienten mit AHI<15/h. Die Analyse des PAH+CTEPH-Kollektivs zeigt zudem Unterschiede im systolischen Blutdruck unter maximaler Belastung, der bei Patienten mit AHI<15/h höher ist, und bei der alveolo-arteriellen Sauerstoffdruckdifferenz, die bei Patienten mit AHI<15/h höher ausfällt. Zudem ist der rechte Vorhof in der Echokardiographie im Kollektiv mit AHI≥15/h signifikant größer. Auch im Kollektiv mit PAH+CTEPH haben die Patienten mit AHI≥15/h eine signifikant höhere Gamma-GT-Serumkonzentration. Die Ergebnisse der Untersuchung zeigen, dass PAH- und CTEPH-Patienten mit einem AHI≥15/h vergleichbare funktionelle Werte aufweisen als Patienten mit einem AHI<15/h. Auffallend ist, dass Arrhythmien, die wiederum ursächlich für Erkrankungen des Herz-Kreislauf-Systems sein können, in der Gruppe der PAH-/CTEPH-Patienten mit höherem AHI gehäuft auftreten. Hier kann ein direkter Zusammenhang mit dem in diesem Kollektiv ebenfalls signifikant erhöhten pulmonalkapillären Verschlussdruck vermutet werden, da Vorhofflimmern über eine Erhöhung des linksatrialen Drucks begünstigt wird. In Relation zu einem Großteil der Vorgängerstudien, welche sich mit den Themen PAH/CTEPH und schlafbezogene Atmungsstörungen auseinandersetzen, weist vorliegende Arbeit unter Berücksichtigung der Seltenheit der Erkrankungen PAH und CTEPH durch das Pooling eine nicht zu unterschätzende Fallzahl auf. Eine mögliche Schwachstelle der vorliegenden Untersuchung, nämlich das unterschiedliche Verhältnis der beiden Untersuchungspopulationen AHI<15/h bzw. AHI≥15/h lässt sich ebenfalls durch die niedrigen Prävalenzen der Erkrankungen relativieren. Interessant wäre eine weitere Untersuchung mit der Differenzierung AHI<30/h und AHI≥30/h. Ergeben sich hier Auffälligkeiten, könnte auch eine prospektive Studie mit Nachuntersuchung nach erfolgter Therapie erfolgen, um deren Auswirkungen auf die Schlafapnoe und pulmonale Hypertonie zu bewerten. Ergänzend könnte auch noch die Tagesschläfrigkeit im Verlauf erfasst werden, z.B. anhand der Epworth sleepiness scale. N2 - Several previous smaller studies show an association between pulmonary hypertension (PH) and a sleep-related breathing disorder (including obstructive and central sleep apnea). The two diseases seem to influence each other, although it is often not clear whether pulmonary hypertension is the cause of sleep apnea or vice versa. For the present study, data were evaluated monocentrically retrospectively over a period of 2.5 years. The data come from patients in the pulmonary hypertension outpatient clinic at the Missioklinik in Würzburg. A total of 174 patients with confirmed PAH or CTEPH are examined and divided into the two groups AHI<15/h and AHI≥15/h based on a polygraph. In the present study, PAH and CTEPH patients were examined to determine whether they differ in terms of mortality, hemodynamics, physical fitness and other cardiopulmonary functions depending on the level of the apnea-hypopnea index AHI < or ≥ 15/h. Differences in the occurrence of various comorbidities are also considered. About one fifth of the examined PAH patients (20.5%) and also the CTEPH patients (21.4%) have a sleep-disordered breathing disorder with an AHI≥15/h. For a more detailed analysis, the study population is divided into PAH and PAH+CTEPH in the results section. In both surveys, no significant differences in mortality between patients with AHI<15/h and AHI≥15/h could be determined. In PAH patients with AHI≥15/h, arrhythmias were more common and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) was higher, cardiac output was significantly lower in patients with AHI ≥15/h. Further significant differences concern the alveolo-arterial oxygen pressure difference, which is higher in patients with AHI <15/h and the serum gamma-GT concentration, which was found significantly higher in patients with AHI≥15/h. Overall, the collective with AHI≥15/h is significantly older than the patients with AHI<15/h. When evaluating the pooled collective of PAH+CTEPH patients, patients with an AHI≥15/h have significantly more cardiac arrhythmias (p=0.004). In this collective, the PCWP is also significantly higher in patients with AHI≥15/h than in patients with AHI<15/h. The analysis of the PAH+CTEPH collective also shows differences in the systolic blood pressure under maximum exercise, which is higher in patients with AHI<15/h, and in the alveolo-arterial oxygen pressure difference, which is higher in patients with AHI<15/h. In addition, the right atrium in the echocardiogram is significantly larger in the collective with AHI≥15/h. Also in the collective with PAH+CTEPH, the patients with AHI≥15/h have a significantly higher gamma-GT serum concentration.The results of the study show that PAH and CTEPH patients with an AHI≥15/h have comparable functional values compared to patients with an AHI<15/h. It is striking that arrhythmias, which in turn can be the cause of diseases of the cardiovascular system, occur more frequently in the group of PAH/CTEPH patients with a higher AHI. A direct connection with the pulmonary capillary closure pressure, which was also significantly increased in this collective, can be assumed here, since atrial fibrillation is favored by an increase in left atrial pressure. In relation to a large part of the previous studies, which deal with the topics of PAH/CTEPH and sleep-related breathing disorders, the present work, taking into account the rarity of the diseases PAH and CTEPH, shows a case number that should not be underestimated due to the pooling. A possible weakness of the present study, namely the different ratio of the two study populations AHI<15/h and AHI≥15/h, can also be put into perspective by the low prevalence of the diseases. A further investigation with the differentiation AHI<30/h and AHI≥30/h would be interesting. If there are any abnormalities, a prospective study with follow-up examination after therapy could be carried out to evaluate their effects on sleep apnea and pulmonary hypertension. In addition, the course of daytime sleepiness could also be recorded, e.g. using the Epworth sleepiness scale. KW - Pulmonale Hypertonie KW - Schlafbezogene Atmungsstörungen KW - sleep-disordered breathing disorder KW - Schlafapnoe KW - pulmonary hypertension Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-322869 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Held, Matthias A1 - Mittnacht, Maria A1 - Kolb, Martin A1 - Karl, Sabine A1 - Jany, Berthold T1 - Pulmonary and Cardiac Function in Asymptomatic Obese Subjects and Changes following a Structured Weight Reduction Program: A Prospective Observational Study JF - PLOS ONE N2 - Background The prevalence of obesity is rising. Obesity can lead to cardiovascular and ventilatory complications through multiple mechanisms. Cardiac and pulmonary function in asymptomatic subjects and the effect of structured dietary programs on cardiac and pulmonary function is unclear. Objective To determine lung and cardiac function in asymptomatic obese adults and to evaluate whether weight loss positively affects functional parameters. Methods We prospectively evaluated bodyplethysmographic and echocardiographic data in asymptomatic subjects undergoing a structured one-year weight reduction program. Results 74 subjects (32 male, 42 female; mean age 42±12 years) with an average BMI 42.5±7.9, body weight 123.7±24.9 kg were enrolled. Body weight correlated negatively with vital capacity (R = −0.42, p<0.001), FEV1 (R = −0.497, p<0.001) and positively with P 0.1 (R = 0.32, p = 0.02) and myocardial mass (R = 0.419, p = 0.002). After 4 months the study subjects had significantly reduced their body weight (−26.0±11.8 kg) and BMI (−8.9±3.8) associated with a significant improvement of lung function (absolute changes: vital capacity +5.5±7.5% pred., p<0.001; FEV1+9.8±8.3% pred., p<0.001, ITGV+16.4±16.0% pred., p<0.001, SR tot −17.4±41.5% pred., p<0.01). Moreover, P0.1/Pimax decreased to 47.7% (p<0.01) indicating a decreased respiratory load. The change of FEV1 correlated significantly with the change of body weight (R = −0.31, p = 0.03). Echocardiography demonstrated reduced myocardial wall thickness (−0.08±0.2 cm, p = 0.02) and improved left ventricular myocardial performance index (−0.16±0.35, p = 0.02). Mitral annular plane systolic excursion (+0.14, p = 0.03) and pulmonary outflow acceleration time (AT +26.65±41.3 ms, p = 0.001) increased. Conclusion Even in asymptomatic individuals obesity is associated with abnormalities in pulmonary and cardiac function and increased myocardial mass. All the abnormalities can be reversed by a weight reduction program. KW - pulmonary hypertension KW - echocardiography KW - morbid obesity KW - asthma KW - pulmonary function KW - weight loss KW - body weight KW - obesity Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-119239 VL - 9 IS - 9 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hoffmann, Linda S. A1 - Etzrodt, Jennifer A1 - Willkomm, Lena A1 - Sanyal, Abhishek A1 - Scheja, Ludger A1 - Fischer, Alexander W. C. A1 - Stasch, Johannes-Peter A1 - Bloch, Wilhelm A1 - Friebe, Andreas A1 - Heeren, Joerg A1 - Pfeifer, Alexander T1 - Stimulation of soluble guanylyl cyclase protects against obesity by recruiting brown adipose tissue JF - Nature Communications N2 - Obesity is characterized by a positive energy balance and expansion of white adipose tissue (WAT). In contrast, brown adipose tissue (BAT) combusts energy to produce heat. Here we show that a small molecule stimulator (BAY 41-8543) of soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC), which produces the second messenger cyclic GMP (cGMP), protects against diet-induced weight gain, induces weight loss in established obesity, and also improves the diabetic phenotype. Mechanistically, the haeme-dependent sGC stimulator BAY 41-8543 enhances lipid uptake into BAT and increases whole-body energy expenditure, whereas ablation of the haeme-containing \(\beta\)\(_{1}\)-subunit of sGC severely impairs BAT function. Notably, the sGC stimulator enhances differentiation of human brown adipocytes as well as induces 'browning' of primary white adipocytes. Taken together, our data suggest that sGC is a potential pharmacological target for the treatment of obesity and its comorbidities. KW - decompensated heart failure KW - mitochondrial biogenesis KW - pulmonary hypertension KW - nitric oxide KW - erectile dysfunction KW - beige adipocytes KW - fat development KW - cGMP KW - riociguat KW - white Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-143127 VL - 6 IS - 7235 ER - TY - THES A1 - Finter, Florian Axel T1 - Wirkung unterschiedlicher NO-Donatoren bei Phorbolester-induzierter akuter pulmonaler Hypertonie am Modell der isolierten, ventilierten und perfundierten Kaninchenlunge T1 - The effect of different NO-donors at phorbolester-induced acute pulmonary hypertension in the model of isolated, ventilated and perfused rabbit lung. N2 - Die pulmonale Hypertonie ist ein pathophysiologisches Syndrom, das in akuten und chronischen Krankheitsbildern vorkommt und mit einer hohen Letalität behaftet ist. Eine Therapie ist schwierig und mit schwerwiegenden Nebenwirkungen sowie teilweise hohen Kosten verbunden. Eine inhalative Anwendung verschiedener Therapeutika hat sich in den letzten Jahren als interessanter und vielversprechender Ansatz in der Therapie der pulmonalen Hypertonie herauskristallisiert. In der vorliegenden Untersuchung wurde der Effekt der inhalativen und systemischen Anwendung von 3 NO-Liberatoren, nämlich S-Nitroso-N-Acetyl-D,L-Penicillamin (SNAP) (3 μmol), Nitroprussidnatrium (SNP) (3 μmol) und Glyceroltrinitrat (TNG) (0,1 μmol) an isolierten Kaninchenlungen überprüft. Ein pulmonaler Hypertonus wurde mit Hilfe des Phorbolesters Phorbol-Myristat-Acetat (200nM) provoziert. In verschiedenen Versuchsgruppen wurde der drucksenkende Effekt der verwendeten Stoffe bei systemischer und inhalativer Anwendung miteinander verglichen. Dabei zeigte sich bei inhalativer Gabe im Vergleich zur systemischen Anwendung ein guter pulmonalvasodilatativer Effekt aller 3 Substanzen. Ein Ansteigen der Perfusatnitritkonzentration war im Gegensatz zur systemischen Anwendung bei der inhalativen Anwendung nicht zu verzeichnen. Die Auswirkungen auf den pulmonalarteriellen Widerstand verliefen analog der jeweiligen Drucksenkung. Die gute Wirkung des NO-Donors Nitroprussid, welche bereits durch andere experimentelle und eine klinische Studie gesichert ist, könnte somit eine effektive und relativ kostengünstige Alternative, vor allem bei Versagen der bisherigen Standardtherapien, darstellen. N2 - The pulmonary hypertension is a pathophysiological syndrome that occurs in acute and chronic courses of different diseases and is marked with a high letality. A drug based therapy is difficult and with serious side-effects as well as partially high costs connected. An inhalative use of different therapeuticals has been determined in the last years as an interesting and very promising extension in the therapy of the pulmonary hypertension. The effect of systemic and inhalative application of three NO-donors, S-Nitroso-N-Acetyl-D,L-Penicillamine (SNAP, 3 µmol), Nitroprusside (SNP, 3 µmol) and Glyceroltrinitrate (TNG, 0,1 µmol) was investigated at the model of isolated rabbit lung. Pulmonary hypertension was provoked with the phorbolester Phorbol-Myristate-Acetate (200nM). The pressure lowering potency of systemic vs. inhalative application was compared in different groups. In comparison to systemic application, we could show a good pulmonary vasodilatative effect of all three substances if used as an aerosole. In contrast to systemic application, there was no significant increase of the nitrite concentration in the perfusion solution during inhalation. The effect on pulmonary artery resistance was analogous to the respective pressure decline. The good effect of the NO-donor Nitroprusside, which was likewise proven in some experimental studies and one clinical study, could be an effective and relatively cost-effective alternative, particularly in case of failure of the present standard therapies. KW - pulmonale Hypertonie KW - isolierte Kaninchenlunge KW - NO KW - pulmonalarterielle Vasodilatation KW - Nitroprussid KW - pulmonary hypertension KW - isolated rabbit lung KW - NO KW - pulmonary vasodilatation KW - nitroprusside Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-13223 ER -