TY - JOUR A1 - Jockel-Schneider, Yvonne A1 - Harks, Inga A1 - Haubitz, Imme A1 - Fickl, Stefan A1 - Eigenthaler, Martin A1 - Schlagenhauf, Ulrich A1 - Baulmann, Johannes T1 - Arterial Stiffness and Pulse Wave Reflection Are Increased in Patients Suffering from Severe Periodontitis JF - PLOS ONE N2 - Aim: This single blind cross-sectional study compared the vascular health of subjects suffering from severe chronic periodontitis, severe aggressive periodontitis and periodontal healthy controls by evaluating pulse wave velocity (PWV), augmentation index (AIx) and pulse pressure amplification (PPA). Material and Methods: In a total of 158 subjects, 92 suffering from severe periodontitis and 66 matched periodontal healthy controls, PWV, AIx, central and peripheral blood pressure were recorded using an oscillometric device (Arteriograph). Results: Subjects suffering from severe chronic or aggressive periodontitis exhibited significantly higher PWV (p = 0.00004), higher AIx (p = 0.0049) and lower PPA (p = 0.028) than matched periodontal healthy controls. Conclusions: The results of this study confirm the association between periodontal inflammation and increased cardiovascular risk shown by impaired vascular health in case of severe periodontitis. As impaired vascular health is a common finding in patients suffering from severe periodontal disease a concomitant routine cardiovascular evaluation may be advised. KW - periodontal diseases KW - diagnostic medicine KW - teeth KW - stiffness KW - reflection KW - periodontitis KW - blood pressure KW - hypertension Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-119459 SN - 1932-6203 VL - 9 IS - 8 ER - TY - THES A1 - Waller, Tobias-Sebastian T1 - Messung der dynamischen Eigenschaften des Stapesringbandes T1 - Dynamic measurement of the circular stapes ligamentum using electrostatic forces N2 - Messungen am intakten Mittelohr sind wegen dessen Komplexität schwer zu interpretieren. Die deshalb naheliegende, alternative Untersuchung einzelner, isolierter Subsysteme bereitet Schwierigkeiten, weil die in der Technik üblichen Anregungsmethoden nicht für Massen von wenigen Milligramm ausgelegt sind. An der Hörschwelle wirken auf das Trommelfell winzige Kräfte von weniger als einem Nano-Newton. Solch kleine Kräfte lassen sich durch elektrostatische Anzeihung und Abstossung realisieren. Die elektrostatische Anregung zeichnet sich durch zwei besondere Vorteile aus. Erstens, sie erfolgt berührungsfrei und ergänzt daher in idealer Weise laservibrometrische Messungen, durch welche die Reaktionen des Systems ebenfalls berührungsfrei erfasst werden. Zweitens, die gleichzeitige Anwendung einer Gleich- und einer Wechselspannung erzeugt eine anregende Kraftkomponente die proportional zur Wechselspannung und vorteilhafterweise unabhängig von der anregenden Frequenz ist. Diese Methode eignet sich daher bestens für die Messung der Frequenzabhängigkeit von Übertragungsfunktionen. Als eine erste Anwendung wurde die Übertragungsfunktion im Bereich der Resonanz des isolierten, durch das Ringband im ovalen Fenster elastisch aufgehängten Stapes untersucht. Durch Anpassung der theoretischen Resonanzfunktion an die gemessenen Daten und Bestimmung der Stapesmasse durch Wiegen wurde die dynamische Steifigkeit des Ringbandes bestimmt. Die Werte streuen wie bei biologischen Systemen üblich in einem weiten Bereich. Der Mittelwert liegt bei 940 N/m, die Stanardabweichung bei 350 N/m. N2 - Experiments on a intact middle ear are hardly interpretable because of its complexity. Therefore it’s near to explore single, isolated subsystems. This proceeding itself is hard, because usual methods aren’t found to stimulate small masses of several milligramms. On the other side ossicular bones can be stimulated by minimal energies. The energy needed for moving the tympanic membrane at the hearing threshold is less then one Nano-Newton. Minimal energies as needed can be realized through the attracting and repelling electrostatic forces. Using electrostatic forces provides two major advantages. First, the transmission is free of any physical contact. This proceeding fullfills the same conditions as the Laser-Doppler-Vibrometry. The Measurements are free of any physical contact. Second, the simultaneous use of direct and alternating current generates a stimulating energy proportional to the alternating current. This energy is independent of the stimulating frequency used. This method suits specially for measuring the dependency of the transmission function to the stimulating frequency. As a first step the transmission function of the stapes was analysed in the range of resonance frequency. By fitting a calculated resonance function to the measured data and defining the mass of the stapedial bone the dynamic stiffness of the circular ligamentum was determined. The data spread as known of biological system in a wide range. The meridian is 940 N/m by a standard deviation of 350 N/m. KW - Stapes KW - Steifigkeit KW - elektrostatisch KW - Laser-Doppler-Vivrometer KW - stapes KW - stiffness KW - electrostatic KW - Laser-Doppler-Vibrometry Y1 - 2002 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-5982 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mayer, Matthias A1 - Rabindranath, Raman A1 - Börner, Juliane A1 - Hörner, Eva A1 - Bentz, Alexander A1 - Salgado, Josefina A1 - Han, Hong A1 - Böse, Holger A1 - Probst, Jörn A1 - Shamonin, Mikhail A1 - Monkman, Gereth J. A1 - Schlunck, Günther T1 - Ultra-Soft PDMS-Based Magnetoactive Elastomers as Dynamic Cell Culture Substrata JF - PLOS ONE N2 - Mechanical cues such as extracellular matrix stiffness and movement have a major impact on cell differentiation and function. To replicate these biological features in vitro, soft substrata with tunable elasticity and the possibility for controlled surface translocation are desirable. Here we report on the use of ultra-soft (Young's modulus <100 kPa) PDMS-based magnetoactive elastomers (MAE) as suitable cell culture substrata. Soft non-viscous PDMS (<18 kPa) is produced using a modified extended crosslinker. MAEs are generated by embedding magnetic microparticles into a soft PDMS matrix. Both substrata yield an elasticity-dependent (14 vs. 100 kPa) modulation of alpha-smooth muscle actin expression in primary human fibroblasts. To allow for static or dynamic control of MAE material properties, we devise low magnetic field (approximate to 40 mT) stimulation systems compatible with cell-culture environments. Magnetic field-instigated stiffening (14 to 200 kPa) of soft MAE enhances the spreading of primary human fibroblasts and decreases PAX-7 transcription in human mesenchymal stem cells. Pulsatile MAE movements are generated using oscillating magnetic fields and are well tolerated by adherent human fibroblasts. This MAE system provides spatial and temporal control of substratum material characteristics and permits novel designs when used as dynamic cell culture substrata or cell culture-coated actuator in tissue engineering applications or biomedical devices. KW - elastic magnetic-materials KW - smooth muscle actin KW - magnetorheological elastomers KW - adhesion KW - mechanotransduction KW - stiffness KW - tension KW - mechanics KW - hydrogels KW - behavior Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-128246 SN - 1932-6203 VL - 8 IS - 10 ER -