TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wu, Lingdan
A1  - Winkler, Markus H.
A1  - Wieser, Matthias J.
A1  - Andreatta, Marta
A1  - Li, Yonghui
A1  - Pauli, Paul
T1  - Emotion regulation in heavy smokers: experiential, expressive and physiological consequences of cognitive reappraisal
JF  - Frontiers in Psychology
N2  - Emotion regulation dysfunctions are assumed to contribute to the development of tobacco addiction and relapses among smokers attempting to quit. To further examine this hypothesis, the present study compared heavy smokers with non-smokers (NS) in a reappraisal task. Specifically, we investigated whether non-deprived smokers (NDS) and deprived smokers (DS) differ from non-smokers in cognitive emotion regulation and whether there is an association between the outcome of emotion regulation and the cigarette craving. Sixty-five participants (23 non-smokers, 22 NDS, and 20 DS) were instructed to down-regulate emotions by reappraising negative or positive pictorial scenarios. Self-ratings of valence, arousal, and cigarette craving as well as facial electromyography and electroencephalograph activities were measured. Ratings, facial electromyography, and electroencephalograph data indicated that both NDS and DS performed comparably to nonsmokers in regulating emotional responses via reappraisal, irrespective of the valence of pictorial stimuli. Interestingly, changes in cigarette craving were positively associated with regulation of emotional arousal irrespective of emotional valence. These results suggest that heavy smokers are capable to regulate emotion via deliberate reappraisal and smokers' cigarette craving is associated with emotional arousal rather than emotional valence. This study provides preliminary support for the therapeutic use of reappraisal to replace maladaptive emotion-regulation strategies in nicotine addicts.
KW  - negative affect
KW  - regulation strategies
KW  - positive emotions
KW  - craving
KW  - late positive potential
KW  - nicotine addiction
KW  - smoking
KW  - emotion regulation
KW  - reappraisal
KW  - facial electromyography
KW  - brain reactivity
KW  - down regulation
KW  - unpleasant pictures
KW  - anxiety sensitivity
KW  - facial expressions
KW  - cigarette smokers
KW  - smoking motives
Y1  - 2015
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-145225
VL  - 6
IS  - 1555
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Haspert, Valentina
A1  - Wieser, Matthias J.
A1  - Pauli, Paul
A1  - Reicherts, Philipp
T1  - Acceptance-Based Emotion Regulation Reduces Subjective and Physiological Pain Responses
JF  - Frontiers in Psychology
N2  - Acceptance-based regulation of pain, which focuses on the allowing of pain and pain related thoughts and emotions, was found to modulate pain. However, results so far are inconsistent regarding different pain modalities and indices. Moreover, studies so far often lack a suitable control condition, focus on behavioral pain measures rather than physiological correlates, and often use between-subject designs, which potentially impede the evaluation of the effectiveness of the strategies. Therefore, we investigated whether acceptance-based strategies can reduce subjective and physiological markers of acute pain in comparison to a control condition in a within-subject design. To this end, participants (N = 30) completed 24 trials comprising 10 s of heat pain stimulation. Each trial started with a cue instructing participants to welcome and experience pain (acceptance trials) or to react to the pain as it is without employing any regulation strategies (control trials). In addition to pain intensity and unpleasantness ratings, heart rate (HR) and skin conductance (SC) were recorded. Results showed significantly decreased pain intensity and unpleasantness ratings for acceptance compared to control trials. Additionally, HR was significantly lower during acceptance compared to control trials, whereas SC revealed no significant differences. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of acceptance-based strategies in reducing subjective and physiological pain responses relative to a control condition, even after short training. Therefore, the systematic investigation of acceptance in different pain modalities in healthy and chronic pain patients is warranted.
KW  - pain regulation
KW  - emotion regulation
KW  - acceptance
KW  - cognitive strategies
KW  - acute pain
KW  - acceptance-based strategy
KW  - psychological modulation of pain
KW  - pain ratings
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-207220
SN  - 1664-1078
VL  - 11
ER  -