TY  - JOUR
A1  - Senaratne, Hansi
A1  - Mühlbauer, Martin
A1  - Kiefl, Ralph
A1  - Cárdenas, Andrea
A1  - Prathapan, Lallu
A1  - Riedlinger, Torsten
A1  - Biewer, Carolin
A1  - Taubenböck, Hannes
T1  - The Unseen — an investigative analysis of thematic and spatial coverage of news on the ongoing refugee crisis in West Africa
JF  - ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information
N2  - The fastest growing regional crisis is happening in West Africa today, with over 8 million people considered persons of concern. A culmination of identity politics, climate-driven disasters, and extreme poverty has led to this humanitarian crisis in the region and is exacerbated by a lack of political will and misplaced media attention. The current state of the art does not present sufficient investigations of the thematic and spatial coverage of news media of this crisis in this region. This paper studies the spatial coverage of this crisis as reported in the media, and the themes associated with those locations, based on a curated dataset. For the time frame 12 March to 15 September 2021, 2017 news articles related to the refugee crisis in West Africa were examined and manually coded based on (1) the geographical locations mentioned in each article; (2) the themes found in the articles in reference to a location (e.g., Relocation of people in Abuja). The dataset introduces a thematic dimension, as never achieved before, to the conflict-ridden areas in West Africa. A comparative analysis with UNHCR (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees) data showed that 96.8% of refugee-related locations in West Africa were not covered by news during the considered time frame. Contrastingly, 80.4% of locations mentioned in the news do not appear in the UNHCR repository. Most news articles published during this time frame reported on Development aid or Political statements. Linear multiple regression analysis showed GDP per capita and political stability to be among the most influential determinants of news coverage.
KW  - West African refugee crisis
KW  - news media reporting
KW  - spatio-thematic coverage
Y1  - 2023
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-313607
SN  - 2220-9964
VL  - 12
IS  - 4
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Dong, Ruirui
A1  - Wurm, Michael
A1  - Taubenböck, Hannes
T1  - Seasonal and diurnal variation of land surface temperature distribution and its relation to land use/land cover patterns
JF  - International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
N2  - The surface urban heat island (SUHI) affects the quality of urban life. Because varying urban structures have varying impacts on SUHI, it is crucial to understand the impact of land use/land cover characteristics for improving the quality of life in cities and urban health. Satellite-based data on land surface temperatures (LST) and derived land use/cover pattern (LUCP) indicators provide an efficient opportunity to derive the required data at a large scale. This study explores the seasonal and diurnal variation of spatial associations from LUCP and LST employing Pearson correlation and ordinary least squares regression analysis. Specifically, Landsat-8 images were utilized to derive LSTs in four seasons, taking Berlin as a case study. The results indicate that: (1) in terms of land cover, hot spots are mainly distributed over transportation, commercial and industrial land in the daytime, while wetlands were identified as hot spots during nighttime; (2) from the land composition indicators, the normalized difference built-up index (NDBI) showed the strongest influence in summer, while the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) exhibited the biggest impact in winter; (3) from urban morphological parameters, the building density showed an especially significant positive association with LST and the strongest effect during daytime.
KW  - surface urban heat island (SUHI)
KW  - land use/cover pattern (LUCP)
KW  - land surface temperature (LST)
KW  - seasonal
KW  - diurnal
Y1  - 2022
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-290393
SN  - 1660-4601
VL  - 19
IS  - 19
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Weigand, Matthias
A1  - Wurm, Michael
A1  - Dech, Stefan
A1  - Taubenböck, Hannes
T1  - Remote sensing in environmental justice research—a review
JF  - ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information
N2  - Human health is known to be affected by the physical environment. Various environmental influences have been identified to benefit or challenge people's physical condition. Their heterogeneous distribution in space results in unequal burdens depending on the place of living. In addition, since societal groups tend to also show patterns of segregation, this leads to unequal exposures depending on social status. In this context, environmental justice research examines how certain social groups are more affected by such exposures. Yet, analyses of this per se spatial phenomenon are oftentimes criticized for using “essentially aspatial” data or methods which neglect local spatial patterns by aggregating environmental conditions over large areas. Recent technological and methodological developments in satellite remote sensing have proven to provide highly detailed information on environmental conditions. This narrative review therefore discusses known influences of the urban environment on human health and presents spatial data and applications for analyzing these influences. Furthermore, it is discussed how geographic data are used in general and in the interdisciplinary research field of environmental justice in particular. These considerations include the modifiable areal unit problem and ecological fallacy. In this review we argue that modern earth observation data can represent an important data source for research on environmental justice and health. Especially due to their high level of spatial detail and the provided large-area coverage, they allow for spatially continuous description of environmental characteristics. As a future perspective, ongoing earth observation missions, as well as processing architectures, ensure data availability and applicability of ’big earth data’ for future environmental justice analyses.
KW  - satellite remote sensing
KW  - review
KW  - environmental justice
KW  - big earth data
KW  - urban environments
Y1  - 2019
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-196950
SN  - 2220-9964
VL  - 8
IS  - 1
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Taubenböck, Hannes
T1  - Vulnerabilitätsabschätzung der erdbebengefährdeten Megacity Istanbul mit Methoden der Fernerkundung
T1  - Vulnerability assessment of the earthquake prone mega city Istanbul utilizing remote sensing methods
N2  - Urbane Räume zählen zu den dynamischsten Regionen dieser Erde. Besonders Megacities zeigen bereits heute Trends und Dimensionen der Urbanisierung, deren regionale und globale Folgen noch kaum vorhersehbar, und erst ansatzweise erforscht sind. Die enorme räumliche Konzentration von Menschen, Werten und Infrastruktur auf engem Raum ist für diese urbanen Räume die Grundlage einer hohen Verwundbarkeit (Vulnerabilität). Gerade im Kontext von Naturgefahren potenzieren sich die Risiken, die durch den schnellen strukturellen, sozioökonomischen und ökologischen Wandel entstehen. Das übergeordnete Ziel dieser Dissertation ist daher die Analyse von Potentialen der Fernerkundung zur Abschätzung von Risiko und Vulnerabilität am Beispiel der erdbebengefährdeten Megacity Istanbul. Um die Zielstellung systematisch zu verfolgen, wird ein konzeptioneller, thematischer Leitfaden entwickelt. Dieser besteht aus einer Systematisierung der abstrakten Überbegriffe ‚Risiko’, ‚Vulnerabilität’ und ‚Gefährdung’ in einem Indikatorensystem. Konkrete, messbare Indikatoren für das System ‚urbaner Raum’ erlauben eine quantitative Abschätzung von Einzelaspekten, addieren sich aber auch zu einer ganzheitlichen Perspektive des Risikos. Basierend auf dieser holistischen Idee, erlaubt das Indikatorensystem Potentiale, aber auch Limitierungen der Fernerkundungsdaten und Bildverarbeitungsmethoden für die Abschätzung von Risiko und Vulnerabilität zu identifizieren. Anhand des Leitfadens werden zielgerichtet Methoden zur automatisierten Extraktion räumlicher Informationen aus Fernerkundungsdaten entwickelt. Ein objektorientierter, modularer Klassifikationsansatz ermöglicht eine Landbedeckungsklassifikation höchst aufgelöster Daten im urbanen Raum. Dieses modulare Rahmenwerk zielt auf eine einfache und schnelle Übertragbarkeit auf andere höchst auflösende Sensoren bzw. andere urbane Strukturen. Zur Anpassung der Methoden werden neben IKONOS Daten der Megacity Istanbul und der erdbeben- und tsunamigefährdeten Küstenstadt Padang in Indonesien, Quickbird Daten für die zukünftige Megacity Hyderabad in Indien getestet. Die Resultate zeigen die detaillierte und hochgenaue Erfassung kleinräumiger, heterogener urbaner Objekte mit Genauigkeiten von über 80 %. Auch mittel aufgelöste Landsat Daten werden mit einem objektorientierten modularen Rahmenwerk mit hohen Genauigkeiten klassifiziert, um komplementäre temporale und gesamtstädtische Analysen hinzuzufügen. Damit wird eine aktuelle, flächendeckende und multiskalige Informationsbasis generiert, die als Ausgangsprodukt zur Analyse urbaner Vulnerabilität dient. Basierend auf diesen Informationsebenen werden dem konzeptionellen Leitfaden folgend Indikatoren zur Abschätzung von Vulnerabilität und Risiko extrahiert. Der Fokus ist dabei die Entwicklung von Methoden zur automatisierten, interpreterunabhängigen Ableitung vulnerabilitäts- und gefährdungsrelevanter Indikatoren. Die physische Analyse des kleinräumigen urbanen Raums konzentriert sich dabei auf die Typisierung des Gebäudebestandes mit Parametern wie Dichte, Höhe, Alter, Größe, Form sowie Dachtyp. Indirekt wird zudem mittels dieser Parameter die Bevölkerungsdichteverteilung abgeleitet. Weitere Standortfaktoren ergeben sich aus Lageparametern wie Distanzen zu Hauptverkehrsachsen, Freiflächenanalysen oder der Geländeoberfläche. Schließlich führt die Vulnerabilitätsabschätzung den modellhaften, thematischen Leitfaden mit den abgeleiteten Indikatoren zusammen. Dazu erfolgt eine Normierung der unterschiedlichen abgeleiteten Indikatoren auf einen einheitlichen Vulnerabilitätsindex. Dieser zielt auf eine räumliche und zeitliche Vergleichbarkeit und die Möglichkeit, die vielfältigen Informationsebenen zu kombinieren. Damit wird das Zusammenspiel verschiedenster Indikatoren simuliert und erlaubt daraus Identifizierung und Lokalisierung von Brennpunkten im Desasterfall. Über das fernerkundliche Potential hinaus, werden die Resultate in einer interdisziplinären Methode zu einem synergetischen Mehrwert erhoben. Statt einer quantitativen Abschätzung der physischen Gebäudeparameter, ermöglicht eine Methode des Bauingenieurwesens in Kombination mit der fernerkundlichen Gebäudetypisierung eine Abschätzung der wahrscheinlichen Schadensanfälligkeit von Gebäuden im Falle eines Erdbebens. Exemplarisch wird das Potential der Resultate für Entscheidungsträger anhand eines Erdbebensszenarios aufgezeigt. Risiko und Vulnerabilität lassen sich dadurch räumlich sowohl nach betroffenen Häusern und betroffenen Menschen als auch nach räumlichen Standortfaktoren wie beispielsweise Zugänglichkeit quantifizieren. Dies ermöglicht gezielt präventiv zu agieren oder während und nach einem Desaster gezieltes Krisenmanagement zu betreiben. Im Hinblick auf die zentrale Fragestellung dieser Dissertation lässt sich resümieren, dass die Aktualität sowie die geometrische und thematische Qualität der Resultate aus Fernerkundungsdaten, den Anforderungen des komplexen, kleinräumigen und dynamischen urbanen Raums gerecht werden. Die Resultate führen zu der Erkenntnis, dass das Potential der Fernerkundung zur Abschätzung von Vulnerabilität und Risiko vor allem in der direkten Ableitung physischer Indikatoren sowie der indirekten Ableitung demographischer Parameter liegt.
N2  - Urban areas are among the most dynamic regions on the planet. Specifically megacities show trends and dimensions of urbanization with hardly foreseeable regional or global consequences which have so far only been rudimentarily researched. The tremendous spatial concentration of people, financial value and infrastructure is the reason for the high vulnerability of urban areas. Especially in combination with natural hazards, risks emerging from rapid structural, socio-economic and ecological changes in the complex urban landscape increases dramatically. The central goal of the dissertation is therefore the analysis of the capabilities of remote sensing to assess risk and vulnerability in the case of the earthquake prone megacity Istanbul. Systematic analysis of the overall goal involves the development of a thematic, conceptual guideline. The concept leads to the concretization of abstract terms like ‘risk’, ‘vulnerability’ and ‘hazard’, resulting in a system of indicators which are capable of quantitative measurement. The indicators for the system ‘urban area’ enable a quantitative assessment of single aspects, but also add up to a holistic perspective of risks. By means of this concept the capabilities and limitations of remote sensing data and image processing methods to assess risk and vulnerability are identified. On the basis of this guideline the initial focus is on automated extraction of spatial information from remote sensing data. An object-oriented, modular classification approach produces a land-cover classification from high resolution satellite data in complex urban areas. The modular framework enables fast and easy adjustments to apply the algorithm to different high resolution data as well as to different urban structures. The transfer of methodology has been tested on IKONOS data for the megacity Istanbul and for the earthquake prone coastal town of Padang, Indonesia, as well as for Quickbird data for the incipient megacity Hyderabad, India. The results show the highly-detailed and high-precision coverage of small-scale, heterogeneous objects for the manifold urban landscapes with accuracies higher than 80 %. In addition, medium resolution Landsat data sets are classified with high accuracy also using an object-oriented and modular classification approach for a complementary temporal and area-wide analysis. The derived results provide an up-to-date, area-wide and multiscale information basis, usable as a starting point to analyze vulnerability.Based on this information, indicators of the conceptual guideline are extracted. The development of methods for an automated and interpreter-independent derivation of indicators relevant for assessing vulnerability and hazards is the focus. The physical perspective of vulnerability centers on an analysis of the building stock, classified by parameters like density, height, age, size, form and roof type. These parameters are indirectly used to derive the spatial population density distribution. Further location factors result from distances to main infrastructure, an open spaces analysis, or surface slope. Eventually the assessment of vulnerability and risks combines the thematic guideline with the derived indicators. The standardization of the diverse indicators leads to a consistent index. This enables spatial and temporal comparability as well as the combining of the different information layers. This simulates the interaction of the various indicators and enables identification and localization of focal points in the disaster case. Beyond the capabilities of remote sensing an interdisciplinary method elevates the results to a synergistic value-added product. Instead of a quantitative assessment of the physical parameters of structures, civil engineering, using an area-wide classification of buildings, enables a probabilistic assessment of damage grades for various building types in case of an earthquake. An earthquake scenario exemplifies the capabilities of the results to support decisionmakers. Risk and vulnerability are quantified showing with spatial reference affected houses and affected people as well as location factors, such as accessibility. This makes possible specific preventive measures or crisis management during and after a disaster. The résumé of the central goal of this dissertation concludes, that timeliness, high geometric resolution and thematic quality of the results from remote sensing data, fully achieve the requirements posed by the complex, heterogeneous and fast changing urban environment. The performance shows that the potential of remote sensing to assess risk and vulnerability centres on the direct derivation of physical parameters and the indirect derivation of demographic information.
KW  - Fernerkundung
KW  - Entscheidung bei Risiko
KW  - Stadt
KW  - urbane Räume
KW  - Vulnerabilität
KW  - Remote Sensing
KW  - urban areas
KW  - risk management
KW  - vulnerability assessment
Y1  - 2008
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-28045
ER  -