TY - JOUR A1 - Gore, Lia A1 - Locatelli, Franco A1 - Zugmaier, Gerhard A1 - Handgretinger, Rupert A1 - O'Brien, Maureen M. A1 - Bader, Peter A1 - Bhojwani, Deepa A1 - Schlegel, Paul-Gerhardt A1 - Tuglus, Catherine A. A1 - Stackelberg, Arend von T1 - Survival after blinatumomab treatment in pediatric patients with relapsed/refractory B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia JF - Blood Cancer Journal N2 - no abstract available KW - acute lymphocytic leukaemia KW - immunotherapy Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-230726 VL - 8 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Klenke, Daniela A1 - Quast, Anja A1 - Prelog, Martina A1 - Holl-Wieden, Annette A1 - Riekert, Maximilian A1 - Stellzig-Eisenhauer, Angelika A1 - Meyer-Marcotty, Philipp T1 - TMJ pathomorphology in patients with JIA-radiographic parameters for early diagnosis- JF - Head & Face Medicine N2 - Background Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is often accompanied by pathomorphological changes to the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). By analyzing orthodontical orthopantomograms of JIA patients the aims of the study were a) classification of condyle changes, b) quantification of bony asymmetries of condylar destruction and c) detection of relationships between disease duration and TMJ-involvement. Patients/Methods 46 caucasian JIA-patients (28 female; 18 male; < 16.0 years) were enrolled, each joint (n = 92) was morphologically assessed by means of orthopantomogram, quantitatively analysed and compared with duration of general disease. Condyle morphology was assessed using the Billiau scale for severity of destruction [1]. The quantitative analysis was based on ratios of condyle, ramus and mandible height. Results Patients were divided into groups (Group I – slightly affected, n = 36; Billiau severity 0–2; condyle findings: X-ray normal, condyle erosions, condylar flattening; Group II – severely affected, N = 10; Billiau severity 3–4; condyle findings: condylar flattenings and erosions, unilateral/bilateral complete loss of condyles), based on morphological analysis of condylar destruction. Duration of disease was significantly longer in Group II (8.9 ± 5.2 years) than in Group I (4.6 ± 4.7 years). Asymmetries of condyle, ramus and mandible height, quantitatively analysed by contralateral comparison, were significantly more marked in patients of Group II than of Group I. Conclusions Orthopantomogram imaging can be used in orthodontics clinical routine to detect TMJ-pathologies and is an important reference for monitoring progression of JIA. Classification into severe and slightly affected TMJ is possible by analysis of condylar pathomorphology. An association between degree of destruction, extent of lower jaw asymmetry and disease duration is suggested by the results. KW - juvenile idiopathic arthritis KW - TMJ KW - OPT KW - asymmetry KW - condyle pathomorphology Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-325882 VL - 14 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sonntag, Katja A1 - Hashimoto, Hisayoshi A1 - Eyrich, Matthias A1 - Menzel, Moritz A1 - Schubach, Max A1 - Döcker, Dennis A1 - Battke, Florian A1 - Courage, Carolina A1 - Lambertz, Helmut A1 - Handgretinger, Rupert A1 - Biskup, Saskia A1 - Schilbach, Karin T1 - Immune monitoring and TCR sequencing of CD4 T cells in a long term responsive patient with metastasized pancreatic ductal carcinoma treated with individualized, neoepitope-derived multipeptide vaccines: a case report JF - Journal of Translational Medicine N2 - Background Cancer vaccines can effectively establish clinically relevant tumor immunity. Novel sequencing approaches rapidly identify the mutational fingerprint of tumors, thus allowing to generate personalized tumor vaccines within a few weeks from diagnosis. Here, we report the case of a 62-year-old patient receiving a four-peptide-vaccine targeting the two sole mutations of his pancreatic tumor, identified via exome sequencing. Methods Vaccination started during chemotherapy in second complete remission and continued monthly thereafter. We tracked IFN-γ+ T cell responses against vaccine peptides in peripheral blood after 12, 17 and 34 vaccinations by analyzing T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire diversity and epitope-binding regions of peptide-reactive T-cell lines and clones. By restricting analysis to sorted IFN-γ-producing T cells we could assure epitope-specificity, functionality, and TH1 polarization. Results A peptide-specific T-cell response against three of the four vaccine peptides could be detected sequentially. Molecular TCR analysis revealed a broad vaccine-reactive TCR repertoire with clones of discernible specificity. Four identical or convergent TCR sequences could be identified at more than one time-point, indicating timely persistence of vaccine-reactive T cells. One dominant TCR expressing a dual TCRVα chain could be found in three T-cell clones. The observed T-cell responses possibly contributed to clinical outcome: The patient is alive 6 years after initial diagnosis and in complete remission for 4 years now. Conclusions Therapeutic vaccination with a neoantigen-derived four-peptide vaccine resulted in a diverse and long-lasting immune response against these targets which was associated with prolonged clinical remission. These data warrant confirmation in a larger proof-of concept clinical trial. KW - pancreatic carcinoma KW - therapeutic vaccines KW - neoepitope-derived peptides KW - T-cell responses KW - CDR3 sequences Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-239276 VL - 16 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hebestreit, Helge A1 - Lands, Larry C. A1 - Alarie, Nancy A1 - Schaeff, Jonathan A1 - Karila, Chantal A1 - Orenstein, David M. A1 - Urquhart, Don S. A1 - Hulzebos, Erik H. J. A1 - Stein, Lothar A1 - Schindler, Christian A1 - Kriemler, Susi A1 - Radtke, Thomas T1 - Effects of a partially supervised conditioning programme in cystic fibrosis: an international multi-centre randomised controlled trial (ACTIVATE-CF): study protocol JF - BMC Pulmonary Medicine N2 - Background Physical activity (PA) and exercise have become an accepted and valued component of cystic fibrosis (CF) care. Regular PA and exercise can positively impact pulmonary function, improve physical fitness, and enhance health-related quality of life (HRQoL). However, motivating people to be more active is challenging. Supervised exercise programs are expensive and labour intensive, and adherence falls off significantly once supervision ends. Unsupervised or partially supervised programs are less costly and more flexible, but compliance can be more problematic. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of a partially supervised exercise intervention along with regular motivation on forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) at 6 months in a large international group of CF patients. Secondary endpoints include patient reported HRQoL, as well as levels of anxiety and depression, and control of blood sugar. Methods/design It is planned that a total of 292 patients with CF 12 years and older with a FEV1 ≥ 35% predicted shall be randomised. Following baseline assessments (2 visits) patients are randomised into an intervention and a control group. Thereafter, they will be seen every 3 months for assessments in their centre for one year (4 follow-up visits). Along with individual counselling to increase vigorous PA by at least 3 h per week on each clinic visit, the intervention group documents daily PA and inactivity time and receives a step counter to record their progress within a web-based diary. They also receive monthly phone calls from the study staff during the first 6 months of the study. After 6 months, they continue with the step counter and web-based programme for a further 6 months. The control group receives standard care and keeps their PA level constant during the study period. Thereafter, they receive the intervention as well. Discussion This is the first large, international multi-centre study to investigate the effects of a PA intervention in CF with motivational feedback on several health outcomes using modern technology. Should this relatively simple programme prove successful, it will be made available on a wider scale internationally. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01744561; Registration date: December 6, 2012. KW - physical activity KW - exercise intervention KW - randomised controlled trial KW - partially-supervised KW - cystic fibrosis Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-227960 VL - 18 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Salzmann-Manrique, Emilia A1 - Bremm, Melanie A1 - Huenecke, Sabine A1 - Stech, Milena A1 - Orth, Andreas A1 - Eyrich, Matthias A1 - Schulz, Ansgar A1 - Esser, Ruth A1 - Klingebiel, Thomas A1 - Bader, Peter A1 - Herrmann, Eva A1 - Koehl, Ulrike T1 - Joint Modeling of Immune Reconstitution Post Haploidentical Stem Cell Transplantation in Pediatric Patients With Acute Leukemia Comparing CD34(+)-Selected to CD3/CD19-Depleted Grafts in a Retrospective Multicenter Study JF - frontiers in Immunology N2 - Rapid immune reconstitution (IR) following stem cell transplantation (SCT) is essential for a favorable outcome. The optimization of graft composition should not only enable a sufficient IR but also improve graft vs. leukemia/tumor effects, overcome infectious complications and, finally, improve patient survival. Especially in haploidentical SCT, the optimization of graft composition is controversial. Therefore, we analyzed the influence of graft manipulation on IR in 40 patients with acute leukemia in remission. We examined the cell recovery post haploidentical SCT in patients receiving a CD34(+)-selected or CD3/CD19-depleted graft, considering the applied conditioning regimen. We used joint model analysis for overall survival (OS) and analyzed the dynamics of age-adjusted leukocytes; lymphocytes; monocytes; CD3(+), CD3(+) CD4(+), and CD3(+) CD8(+) T cells; natural killer (NK) cells; and B cells over the course of time after SCT. Lymphocytes, NK cells, and B cells expanded more rapidly after SCT with CD34(+)-selected grafts (P = 0.036, P = 0.002, and P < 0.001, respectively). Contrarily, CD3(+) CD4(+) helper T cells recovered delayer in the CD34 selected group (P = 0.026). Furthermore, reduced intensity conditioning facilitated faster immune recovery of lymphocytes and T cells and their subsets (P < 0.001). However, the immune recovery for NK cells and B cells was comparable for patients who received reduced-intensity or full preparative regimens. Dynamics of all cell types had a significant influence on OS, which did not differ between patients receiving CD34(+)-selected and those receiving CD3/CD19-depleted grafts. In conclusion, cell reconstitution dynamics showed complex diversity with regard to the graft manufacturing procedure and conditioning regimen. KW - immune reconstitution KW - allogeneic stem cell transplantation KW - CD34 selection KW - CD3/19 depletion KW - children Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-227302 VL - 9 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ruf, Katharina A1 - Wirbelauer, Johannes A1 - Beissert, Antje A1 - Frieauff, Eric T1 - Successful treatment of severe arterial hypotension and anuria in a preterm infant with renal tubular dysgenesis– a case report JF - Maternal Health, Neonatology and Perinatology N2 - Background: Oligohydramnios sequence can be caused by renal tubular dysgenesis (RTD), a rare condition resulting in pulmonary and renal morbidity. Besides typical features of Potter-sequence, the infants present with severe arterial hypotension and anuria as main symptoms. Establishing an adequate arterial blood pressure and sufficient renal perfusion is crucial for the survival of these infants. Case presentation: We describe a male preterm infant of 34 + 0 weeks of gestation. Prenatally oligohydramnios of unknown cause was detected. After uneventful delivery and good adaptation the infant developed respiratory distress due to a spontaneous right-sided pneumothorax and required thoracocentesis and placement of a chest tube; he showed no major respiratory concerns thereafter and needed only minimal ventilatory support. Echocardiography revealed no abnormalities, especially no pulmonary hypertension. However, he suffered from severe arterial hypotension and anuria refractory to catecholamine therapy (dobutamine, epinephrine and noradrenaline). After 36 h of life, vasopressin therapy was initiated resulting in an almost immediate stabilization of arterial blood pressure and subsequent onset of diuresis. Therapy with vasopressin was necessary for three weeks to maintain adequate arterial blood pressure levels and diuresis. Sepsis and adrenal insufficiency were ruled out as inflammation markers, microbiological tests and cortisol level were normal. At two weeks of age, our patient developed electrolyte disturbances which were successfully treated with fludrocortisone. He did not need renal replacement therapy. Genetic analyses revealed a novel compound hyterozygous mutation of RTD. Now 17 months of age, the patient is in clinically stable condition with treatment of fludrocortisone and sodium bicarbonate. He suffers from stage 2 chronic kidney disease; blood pressure, motor and cognitive development are normal. Conclusions: RTD is a rare cause of oligohydramnios sequence. Next to pulmonary hypoplasia, severe arterial hypotension is responsible for poor survival. We present the only second surviving infant with RTD, who did not require renal replacement therapy during the neonatal period. It can be speculated whether the use of vasopressin prevents renal replacement therapy as vasopressin increases urinary output by improving renal blood flow. KW - potter sequence KW - oligohydramnios sequence KW - renal tubular dysgenesis KW - arterial hypotension KW - vasopressin KW - respiratory distress KW - anuria KW - preterm KW - dry lung syndrome KW - neonatal renal failure Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-177405 VL - 4 IS - 27 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Silwedel, Christine A1 - Speer, Christian P. A1 - Haarmann, Axel A1 - Fehrholz, Markus A1 - Claus, Heike A1 - Buttmann, Mathias A1 - Glaser, Kirsten T1 - Novel insights into neuroinflammation: bacterial lipopolysaccharide, tumor necrosis factor α, and Ureaplasma species differentially modulate atypical chemokine receptor 3 responses in human brain microvascular endothelial cells JF - Journal of Neuroinflammation N2 - Background: Atypical chemokine receptor 3 (ACKR3, synonym CXCR7) is increasingly considered relevant in neuroinflammatory conditions, in which its upregulation contributes to compromised endothelial barrier function and may ultimately allow inflammatory brain injury. While an impact of ACKR3 has been recognized in several neurological autoimmune diseases, neuroinflammation may also result from infectious agents, including Ureaplasma species (spp.). Although commonly regarded as commensals of the adult urogenital tract, Ureaplasma spp. may cause invasive infections in immunocompromised adults as well as in neonates and appear to be relevant pathogens in neonatal meningitis. Nonetheless, clinical and in vitro data on Ureaplasma-induced inflammation are scarce. Methods: We established a cell culture model of Ureaplasma meningitis, aiming to analyze ACKR3 variances as a possible pathomechanism in Ureaplasma-associated neuroinflammation. Non-immortalized human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC) were exposed to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and native as well as LPS-primed HBMEC were cultured with Ureaplasma urealyticum serovar 8 (Uu8) and U. parvum serovar 3 (Up3). ACKR3 responses were assessed via qRT-PCR, RNA sequencing, flow cytometry, and immunocytochemistry. Results: LPS, TNF-α, and Ureaplasma spp. influenced ACKR3 expression in HBMEC. LPS and TNF-α significantly induced ACKR3 mRNA expression (p < 0.001, vs. control), whereas Ureaplasma spp. enhanced ACKR3 protein expression in HBMEC (p < 0.01, vs. broth control). Co-stimulation with LPS and either Ureaplasma isolate intensified ACKR3 responses (p < 0.05, vs. LPS). Furthermore, stimulation wielded a differential influence on the receptor’s ligands. Conclusions: We introduce an in vitro model of Ureaplasma meningitis. We are able to demonstrate a pro-inflammatory capacity of Ureaplasma spp. in native and, even more so, in LPS-primed HBMEC, underlining their clinical relevance particularly in a setting of co-infection. Furthermore, our data may indicate a novel role for ACKR3, with an impact not limited to auto-inflammatory diseases, but extending to infection-related neuroinflammation as well. AKCR3-induced blood-brain barrier breakdown might constitute a potential common pathomechanism. KW - atypical chemokine receptor 3 KW - human brain microvascular endothelial cells KW - meningitis KW - neuroinflammation KW - Ureaplasma species Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-175952 VL - 15 IS - 156 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ruf, Katharina A1 - Demerath, Antonia A1 - Hebestreit, Helge A1 - Kunzmann, Steffen T1 - Is sweat testing for cystic fibrosis feasible in patients with down syndrome? JF - BMC Pulmonary Medicine N2 - Background: Recurrent airway infections are common in patients with Down's syndrome (DS). Hence, ruling out Cystic Fibrosis (CF) in these patients is often required. In the past, the value of sweat testing the gold standard to diagnose CF -has been questioned in DS as false positive results have been reported. However, these reports are based on measurements of sweat osmolality or sodium concentrations, not chloride concentrations. This study analyses sweat secretion rate and chloride concentration in sweat samples of patients with DS in comparison to healthy controls. Methods: We assessed sweat samples in 16 patients with DS and 16 healthy controls regarding sweat secretion rate (SSR) and sweat chloride concentration. Results: All measured chloride concentrations were within the normal range. The chloride concentrations were slightly, but not significantly lower in patients with DS (15,54 mmol/l (±4,47)) compared to healthy controls (18,31 mmol/l (±10,12)). While no gender gap in chloride concentration could be found, chloride concentration increased with age in both groups. Insufficient sweat was collected in 2 females with DS (12.5% of the study group) but not in an individual of the control group. A significant lower sweat secretion rate was found in the DS group (27,6 μl/30 min (± 12,18)) compared to the control group (42,7 μl/30 min (± 21,22)). In a sub-analysis, female patients produced significantly less sweat (20,8 ± 10,6 μl/30 min) than male patients with DS (36,4 ± 7,8 μl/30 min), which accounts for the difference between patients and controls. Furthermore, while the sweating secretion rate increased with age in the control group, it did not do so in the DS group. Once again this was due to female patients with DS, who did not show a significant increase of sweat secretion rate with age. Conclusions: Sweat chloride concentrations were within the normal range in patients with DS and therefore seem to be a reliable tool for testing for CF in these patients. Interestingly, we found a reduced sweat secretion rate in the DS group. Whether the last one has a functional and clinical counterpart, possibly due to a disturbed thermoregulation in DS patients, requires further investigation. KW - sweat secretion rate KW - sweat osmolality KW - gender gap KW - non-responder KW - thermoregulation Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-175519 VL - 18 IS - 8 ER - TY - THES A1 - Henn, Diana T1 - Der Einfluss von Zytokingenpolymorphismen auf die Entwicklung von Osteonekrosen unter ALL-und Lymphom-Therapie bei Kindern und Jugendlichen T1 - The influence of polymorphisms in cytokin genes on the development of osteonecrosis in children and teenagers with therapy for ALL and lymphomas N2 - Jedes Jahr erkranken in Deutschland circa 1800 Kinder erstmalig an Krebs. Die akute lymphoblastische Leukämie ist dabei mit knapp einem Drittel die häufigste maligne Erkrankung im Kindesalter, Non-Hodgkin-Lymphome tragen mit 7 % und das Hodgkin-Lymphom mit 5 % bei. Die Prognose der genannten Erkrankungen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen ist sehr gut. Jedoch ist die Therapie intensiv und langwierig. Speziell bei Kindern spielen Spätschäden eine große Rolle, da diese natürlicherweise viel häufiger erlebt werden als von Erwachsenen. Eine dieser langfristigen Komplikationen ist die Entwicklung von Osteonekrosen. Da Schmerzen und Einschränkungen in der Mobilität die Folge sind, ist es wichtig, diese Komplikation besonders zu beachten. Die genaue Ursache der Entstehung von Osteonekrosen ist allerdings bislang unklar. Die vorliegende Arbeit soll durch statistische Auswertung klinischer Patientendaten und Laborparameter, sowie Analyse von Zytokingenpolymorphismen dazu beitragen, Risikofaktoren für die Entwicklung von Osteonekrosen besser abschätzen zu können. N2 - This dissertation contributes to assess the risk of developing osteonecrosis with therapy for ALL and lymphomas. The aim was to evaluate patient data, data from the laboratory and polymorphisms in cytokin genes with the question if these data could be risk factors for developing osteonecrosis. At the end a statistical analysis was performed. The results showed that the cytokin gene polymorphism of interleukin 6 has a signifikant influence of developing osteonecrosis with therapy for ALL and lymphomas in children and teenagers KW - Cytokine KW - Knochennekrose KW - Akute lymphatische Leukämie KW - Zytokingenpolymorphismen Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-171731 ER - TY - THES A1 - Freitag, Benjamin T1 - Prognostischer Einfluss der systemischen Immunsuppression bei Patienten mit hochgradigem Gliom T1 - Prognostic impact of the systemic immunosuppression in patients with high-grade glioma N2 - Beim Glioblastoma multiforme als Neoplasie des zentralen Nervensystems mit sehr schlechtem Outcome sind sowohl auf zellulärer als auch auf humoraler Ebene verschiedene Tumor-Escape-Mechanismen beschrieben. Zur umfassenden Charakterisierung des systemischen Immunstatus wurden bei 61 Patienten mit hochgradigem Gliom entsprechend WHO °III und °IV 30 hämatologische und 36 Plasmamarker prä- und postoperativ sowie im Vergleich mit einer Kontrollgruppe untersucht. Periphere myeloide und plasmazytoide dendritische Zellen zirkulieren im peripheren Blut in reduzierten Frequenzen, postoperativ ist dies nur noch bei den plasmazytoiden dendritschen Zellen festzustellen. Die durchflusszytometrische Phänotypisierung der dendritschen Zellen ergibt sowohl nativ als auch nach in vitro-Stimulation einen funktionell intakten Phänotyp. Eine Leukozytose und Neutrophilie mit erhöhter Neutrophilen-Lymphozyten-Ratio ist überwiegend durch die perioperative Dexamethason-Applikation zu erklären. Im Gegensatz hierzu korreliert die Lymphopenie insbesondere der T-Zell-Reihe mit dem WHO- Grad. HLA-DR-negative Monozyten im Sinne myeloider Suppressorzellen sind in signifikant erhöhten Frequenzen im peripheren Blut zu beobachten und persistieren nach der chirurgischen Tumorentfernung. Patienten mit Frequenzen oberhalb des Medians haben ein 3,6-fach erhöhtes Risiko für Tumorprogress und ein 2,2-fach erhöhtes Risiko zu versterben. Bezüglich der Plasmamarker sind beim Gliompatienten signifikant erhöhte Konzentrationen von IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 und MACC1 zu messen. Dies verdeutlicht die potentielle Bedeutung von MACC1 als Biomarker in diesem Patientenkollektiv. EGF konnte in der vorliegenden Arbeit mit dem Gesamtüberleben korreliert werden: Eine Verdopplung der Serumkonzentration ist mit einem 1,3-fach erhöhten Sterberisiko assoziiert. Zusammenfassend unterstreicht diese Arbeit die systemische Kompromittierung des Immunsystems und fügt noch nicht beschrieben Phänomene hinzu. Es kann davon ausgegangen werden, dass die Immunsuppression prinzipiell als reversibel zu betrachten ist. N2 - In patients with glioblastoma multiforme as a neoplasia of the central nervous system with commonly poor outcome, several cellular and humoral tumor-escape-mechanisms were already described in literature. In order to characterize the systemic immune status comprehensively, 30 hematological and 36 plasma biomarkers were evaluated pre- and postoperative. 61 patients with high-grade gliomas according to WHO-grading III and IV were compared with a healthy control group. Peripheral myeloid and plasmacytoid dendritic cells circulate in decreased frequencies in the peripheral blood preoperatively. After surgery, this can only be observed in plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Flow cytometry showed an unimpaired phenotype in native as well as in stimulated dendritic cells. A leukocytosis and neutrophilia with an increased neutrophil-lymphocyte-ratio was mainly related to the perioperative dexamethasone-application. In contrast, the lymphopenia, especially for T-cells, correlates with the WHO-grading. HLA-DR-negative monocytes (myeloid derived suppressor cells) circulate in increased frequencies in the peripheral blood, this persists even after surgical treatment. Patients with frequencies above the median show a 3.6-fold increased risk for tumor progress and a 2.2-fold increased risk for death. Patients with high-grade glioma show increased concentrations of IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 and MACC1 in their blood. This supports the importance of MACC1 as a new biomarker in this disease. EGF correlates with the overall survival: a doubling of the serum concentration is associated with a 1.3-fold increased risk for death. In summary, the systemic immunosuppression in patients with high-grade glioma is emphasized and new aspects can be featured. The immunosuppression may be considered as principally reversible. KW - Glioblastom KW - Gliom KW - Immunsuppression KW - Dendritische Zelle KW - Myeloide Suppressorzelle Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-167094 ER -