TY  - JOUR
A1  - Güntzel, Paul
A1  - Schilling, Klaus
A1  - Hanio, Simon
A1  - Schlauersbach, Jonas
A1  - Schollmayer, Curd
A1  - Meinel, Lorenz
A1  - Holzgrabe, Ulrike
T1  - Bioinspired Ion Pairs Transforming Papaverine into a Protic Ionic Liquid and Salts
JF  - ACS Omega
N2  - Microbial, mammalian, and plant cells produce and contain secondary metabolites, which typically are soluble in water to prevent cell damage by crystallization. The formation of ion pairs, for example, with carboxylic acids or mineral acids, is a natural blueprint to maintain basic metabolites in solution. Here, we aim at showing whether the mostly large carboxylates form soluble protic ionic liquids (PILs) with the basic natural product papaverine resulting in enhanced aqueous solubility. The obtained PILs were characterized by H-1-N-15 HMBC nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and in the solid state using X-ray powder diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and dissolution measurements. Furthermore, their supramolecular pattern in aqueous solution was studied by means of potentiometric and photometrical solubility, NMR aggregation assay, dynamic light scattering, zeta potential, and viscosity measurements. Thereby, we identified the naturally occurring carboxylic acids, citric acid, malic acid, and tartaric acid, as being appropriate counterions for papaverine and which will facilitate the formation of PILs with their beneficial characteristics, like the improved dissolution rate and enhanced apparent solubility.
KW  - solubility
KW  - transport
KW  - strategy
KW  - drugs
KW  - forms
KW  - acids
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-230265
VL  - 5
IS  - 30
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hartung, Andreas
A1  - Seufert, Florian
A1  - Berges, Carsten
A1  - Gessner, Viktoria H.
A1  - Holzgrabe, Ulrike
T1  - One-Pot Ugi/Aza-Michael Synthesis of Highly Substituted 2,5-Diketopiperazines with Anti-Proliferative Properties
JF  - Molecules
N2  - The well-known Ugi reaction of aldehydes with amines, carboxylic acids and isocyanides leads to the formation of acyclic alpha-acylaminocarboxamides. Replacement of the carboxylic acid derivatives with beta-acyl substituted acrylic acids gives access to highly substituted 2,5-diketopiperazines in one single reaction-step without additives or complex reaction procedures. The obtained diketopiperazines show anti-proliferative effects on activated T cells and represent therefore potential candidates for targeting unwanted T cell-mediated immune responses.
KW  - multicomponent Ugi-type reaction
KW  - intramolecular Michael addition
KW  - strategy
KW  - derivates
KW  - diketopiperazines
KW  - chemistry
KW  - T cell
KW  - 2,5-diketopiperazines
KW  - anti-proliferative effects
Y1  - 2012
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-130423
VL  - 17
IS  - 12
ER  -