TY  - JOUR
A1  - Rauschenberger, Tabea
A1  - Schmitt, Viola
A1  - Azeem, Muhammad
A1  - Klein-Hessling, Stefan
A1  - Murti, Krisna
A1  - Grän, Franziska
A1  - Goebeler, Matthias
A1  - Kerstan, Andreas
A1  - Klein, Matthias
A1  - Bopp, Tobias
A1  - Serfling, Edgar
A1  - Muhammad, Khalid
T1  - T cells control chemokine secretion by keratinocytes
JF  - Frontiers in Immunology
N2  - The massive infiltration of lymphocytes into the skin is a hallmark of numerous human skin disorders. By co-culturing murine keratinocytes with splenic T cells we demonstrate here that T cells affect and control the synthesis and secretion of chemokines by keratinocytes. While pre-activated CD8\(^+\)T cells induce the synthesis of CXCL9 and CXCL10 in keratinocytes and keep in check the synthesis of CXCL1, CXCL5, and CCL20, keratinocytes dampen the synthesis of CCL3 and CCL4 in pre-activated CD8\(^+\)T cells. One key molecule is IFN-γ that is synthesized by CD8\(^+\)T cells under the control of NFATc1 and NFATc2. CD8\(^+\)T cells deficient for both NFAT factors are unable to induce CXCL9 and CXCL10 expression. In addition, CD8\(^+\)T cells induced numerous type I IFN-inducible “defense genes” in keratinocytes encoding the PD1 and CD40 ligands, TNF-α and caspase-1. The enhanced expression of type I IFN-inducible genes resembles the gene expression pattern at the dermal/epidermal interface in lichen planus, an inflammatory T lymphocyte-driven skin disease, in which we detected the expression of CXCL10 in keratinocytes in close vicinity to the infiltration front of T cells. These data reflect the multifaceted interplay of lymphocytes with keratinocytes at the molecular level.
KW  - chemokine
KW  - keratinocytes
KW  - IFN
KW  - lichen planus
KW  - T cells
KW  - Nfatc1
Y1  - 2019
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-195695
SN  - 1664-3224
VL  - 10
IS  - 1917
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Klein-Hessling, Stefan
A1  - Muhammad, Khalid
A1  - Klein, Matthias
A1  - Pusch, Tobias
A1  - Rudolf, Ronald
A1  - Flöter, Jessica
A1  - Qureischi, Musga
A1  - Beilhack, Andreas
A1  - Vaeth, Martin
A1  - Kummerow, Carsten
A1  - Backes, Christian
A1  - Schoppmeyer, Rouven
A1  - Hahn, Ulrike
A1  - Hoth, Markus
A1  - Bopp, Tobias
A1  - Berberich-Siebelt, Friederike
A1  - Patra, Amiya
A1  - Avots, Andris
A1  - Müller, Nora
A1  - Schulze, Almut
A1  - Serfling, Edgar
T1  - NFATc1 controls the cytotoxicity of CD8\(^{+}\) T cells
JF  - Nature Communications
N2  - Cytotoxic T lymphocytes are effector CD8\(^{+}\) T cells that eradicate infected and malignant cells. Here we show that the transcription factor NFATc1 controls the cytotoxicity of mouse cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Activation of Nfatc1\(^{-/-}\) cytotoxic T lymphocytes showed a defective cytoskeleton organization and recruitment of cytosolic organelles to immunological synapses. These cells have reduced cytotoxicity against tumor cells, and mice with NFATc1-deficient T cells are defective in controlling Listeria infection. Transcriptome analysis shows diminished RNA levels of numerous genes in Nfatc1\(^{-/-}\) CD8\(^{+}\) T cells, including Tbx21, Gzmb and genes encoding cytokines and chemokines, and genes controlling glycolysis. Nfatc1\(^{-/-}\), but not Nfatc2\(^{-/-}\) CD8\(^{+}\) T cells have an impaired metabolic switch to glycolysis, which can be restored by IL-2. Genome-wide ChIP-seq shows that NFATc1 binds many genes that control cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity. Together these data indicate that NFATc1 is an important regulator of cytotoxic T lymphocyte effector functions.
KW  - cytotoxic T cells
KW  - lymphocyte activation
KW  - signal transduction
KW  - gene regulation
KW  - immune cells
KW  - NFATc1
Y1  - 2017
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-170353
VL  - 8
IS  - 511
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Klein, Matthias
T1  - Optische Materialien für die Additive Fertigung
T1  - Optical materials for additive manufacturing
N2  - In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden neue Materialien für die additive Fertigung für opti-sche Anwendungen entwickelt. Hierbei wurde zunächst ein ORMOCER® Harz für den LCD/DLP 3D-Druck synthetisiert und charakterisiert. Das Material zeigte eine gute Druckbarkeit, gute optische Eigenschaften und eine hohe Stabilität gegenüber Belas-tungen mit UV-Licht, Temperatur und Luftfeuchtigkeit. Die prozessbedingte Stufenbil-dung für gekrümmte Oberflächen beim LDC/DLP Druck erforderte eine Weiterentwick-lung zu einem Harz, das auch mittels Inkjet-Verfahren gedruckt werden kann. Hierfür mussten die Viskosität des ORMOCER®s und die Einflüsse darauf untersucht werden. Zu diesem Zweck wurde die Synthese entsprechend verändert und die Produkte cha-rakterisiert. Variationen des Wasseranteils, des Katalysators, der Reaktionszeit, der Re-aktionsführung und der Edukte wurden durchgeführt. Harze mit resultierender niedriger Viskosität dürfen zusammenfassend nur zweifach anorganisch vernetzende Edukte mit niedrigem Reibungskoeffizienten beinhalten. Ein H2O-Verhältnis von 0,5 zu den vorlie-genden Si-O-Gruppen resultiert in akzeptablen Viskositäten und einer ausreichenden Stabilität. Als zuverlässiger Katalysator stellte sich HCl heraus. Die Reaktionszeit muss so gewählt werden, dass die Sol-Gel-Synthese abgeschlossen ist. Kürzere Zeiten füh-ren zwar zu kleineren Viskositäten, jedoch auch zu eventuell schlechter Langzeitstabili-tät. Veränderungen in der Reaktionsführung, durch Zutropfen der Edukte, resultierten jedoch vorwiegend zur Erhöhung der Viskositäten. Mit diesen Erkenntnissen wurde an-schließend ein Harz synthetisiert, das erfolgreich ohne weitere Verdünnungsschritte am Inkjet-Drucker prozessiert werden konnte. Dieses Harz ist zusätzlich auch am LCD/DLP Drucker einsetzbar.
Als ergänzender Schritt konnte im Anschluss noch gezeigt werden, dass Partikel in Harze zusätzliche Eigenschaften, wie Fluoreszenz, einbringen können.
N2  - In the present work, new materials for additive manufacturing for optical applications were developed. First, an ORMOCER® resin for LCD/DLP 3D printing was synthe-sized and characterized. The material showed good printability, good optical proper-ties and high stability against exposure to UV light, temperature and humidity. The process-related step formation for curved surfaces in LDC/DLP printing required fur-ther development of a resin that can also be printed by inkjet. For this purpose, the variables of the viscosity of ORMOCER®s had to be investigated. For this purpose, the synthesis was modified accordingly, and the products were characterized. Varia-tions of the water content, the catalyst, the reaction time, the way of the reaction and the reactants were carried out. In summary, resins with resulting low viscosity may contain only twofold inorganic crosslinking reactants with low friction coefficient. An H2O ratio of 0.5 to the Si-O groups present results in acceptable viscosities and suffi-cient stability. HCl turned out to be a reliable catalyst. The reaction time must be as long as the sol-gel synthesis needs to be completed. Shorter times lead to lower vis-cosities, but also to possibly poor long-term stability. However, changes in the reaction control, for example by adding reactants dropwise, resulted mainly in an increase in viscosity. These findings were then used to synthesize a resin that could be success-fully processed on the inkjet printer without further dilution steps. This resin can also be used on the LCD/DLP printer.
As a complementary step, it was subsequently shown that particles can introduce additional properties, such as fluorescence, into resins. Here, quantum dots, black dyes and refractive index-increasing zirconium dioxide particles were successfully incorporated into LCD/DLP resins and characterized.
KW  - Additive Manufacturing
KW  - Inkjet
KW  - Quantum Dot
KW  - Hybrid Polymer
KW  - Optical Component
KW  - Inkjet 3D Printing
KW  - Ormocer(R)
Y1  - 2022
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-254939
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Almanzar, Giovanni
A1  - Klein, Matthias
A1  - Schmalzing, Marc
A1  - Hilligardt, Deborah
A1  - El Hajj, Nady
A1  - Kneitz, Hermann
A1  - Wild, Vanessa
A1  - Rosenwald, Andreas
A1  - Benoit, Sandrine
A1  - Hamm, Henning
A1  - Tony, Hans-Peter
A1  - Haaf, Thomas
A1  - Goebeler, Matthias
A1  - Prelog, Martina
T1  - Disease Manifestation and Inflammatory Activity as Modulators of Th17/Treg Balance and RORC/FoxP3 Methylation in Systemic Sclerosis
JF  - International Archives of Allergy and Immunology
N2  - Background: There is much evidence that T cells are strongly involved in the pathogenesis of localized and systemic forms of scleroderma (SSc). A dysbalance between FoxP3+ regulatory CD4+ T cells (Tregs) and inflammatory T-helper (Th) 17 cells has been suggested. Methods: The study aimed (1) to investigate the phenotypical and functional characteristics of Th17 and Tregs in SSc patients depending on disease manifestation (limited vs. diffuse cutaneous SSc, dcSSc) and activity, and (2) the transcriptional level and methylation status of Th17- and Treg-specific transcription factors. Results: There was a concurrent accumulation of circulating peripheral IL-17-producing CCR6+ Th cells and FoxP3+ Tregs in patients with dcSSc. At the transcriptional level, Th17- and Treg-associated transcription factors were elevated in SSc. A strong association with high circulating Th17 and Tregs was seen with early, active, and severe disease presentation. However, a diminished suppressive function on autologous lymphocytes was found in SSc-derived Tregs. Significant relative hypermethylation was seen at the gene level for RORC1 and RORC2 in SSc, particularly in patients with high inflammatory activity. Conclusions: Besides the high transcriptional activity of T cells, attributed to Treg or Th17 phenotype, in active SSc disease, Tregs may be insufficient to produce high amounts of IL-10 or to control proliferative activity of effector T cells in SSc. Our results suggest a high plasticity of Tregs strongly associated with the Th17 phenotype. Future directions may focus on enhancing Treg functions and stabilization of the Treg phenotype.
KW  - methylation
KW  - systemic sclerosis
KW  - suppression
KW  - Tregs
KW  - Th17
Y1  - 2016
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-196577
SN  - 1018-2438
SN  - 1423-0097
N1  - This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively.
VL  - 171
IS  - 2
ER  -