TY - THES A1 - Andrulis, Mindaugas T1 - BLIMP1 Expression in diffusen großzelligen B-Zell Lymphomen T1 - BLIMP1 Expression in Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma N2 - BLIMP1 ist ein Transkriptionsfaktor und Schlüsselregulator in der Plasmazell-Differenzierung. Um die Rolle des BLIMP1 in der Lymphomentstehung zu untersuchen, wurde die BLIMP1 Expression im normalen humanen lymphatischen Gewebe und in 78 diffusen großzelligen B-Zell Lymphomen untersucht. BLIMP1 wurde in Plasmazellen und GC B-Zellen sowie in einer Population extrafollikulärer B-Zellen exprimiert. Die reifen Plasmazellen vom Marschalko-Typ waren CD138+CD20-MUM1+Ki67-BCL6-PAX5-BLIMP1+. Außerdem zeigten die Keimzentrums-B-Zellen keine Ki67-Expression. Im Gegensatz hierzu waren die BLIMP1+ EGBZ Ki67+p27-. BLIMP1 wurde in 19% (15/78) der DLBCL Fälle, darunter ABC- (7/15) und GCB- (8/15) Typ, exprimiert. BLIMP1+ DLBCL konnten entsprechend dem BLIMP1, BCL6 und PAX5 Expressionsprofil in drei pathogenetisch unterschiedliche Typen unterteilt werden. In den Typ A-Fällen waren die BLIMP1+ Tumor- zellen ständig BCL6-/PAX5- und waren alle vom ABC-Typ (CD10-/BCL6-/MUM1+). Im Typ B-DLBCL waren die meisten Tumorzellen ständig BLIMP1-/BCL6+/PAX5+ und BLIMP1 war nur in relativ kleinen Arealen herdförmig exprimiert. Die BLIMP1+ Zellen zeigten keine BCL6 und PAX5 Expression, und alle Typ B-Fälle zeigten ein GCB-Profil (CD10+ oder BCL6+ und MUM1-). Die Typ C-Fälle waren durch eine gleichzeitige BLIMP1 und BCL6 und/oder PAX5 Expression gekennzeichnet, was einem abärranten und nicht in normalen B-Zellen auftretenden Immunphänotyp entspricht. Weiterhin wurden in 7 Fällen mit Allelverluste auf der Genomregion 6q21, der das BLIMP1 Gen enthält, keine BLIMP1 Mutationen gefunden. Hinsichtlich einer BLIMP1 Expression im normalen lymphatischen Gewebe konnte festgestellt werden, dass das BLIMP1 nicht nur während der Plasmazellentwicklung aus den Keimzentrums-B-Zellen eine bedeutende Rolle spielt, sondern auch mit der Plasmazell-Differenzierung außerhalb des Keimzentrums assoziiert ist. Eine BLIMP1 Expression in DLBCL kennzeichnet die Fälle mit einer Plasmazell-Differenzierung. BLIMP1 ist in den Lymphomen größtenteils wie in normalen B-Zellen reguliert und besitzt die Kapazität, die Plasmazell-Entwicklung in die Tumorzellen zu induzieren. Jedoch reicht die BLIMP1 Expression weder aus, den Zellzyklus aufzuhalten, noch eine komplette terminale Plasmazell-Reifung in den DLBCL zu leiten. Allerdings scheint BLIMP1 nicht von den bekannten TSG Inaktivierungsmechanismen in den DLBCL betroffen zu sein, wobei es sehr unwahrscheinlich ist, dass das BLIMP1 ein TSG darstellt, dessen Verlust bei der Lymphomentwicklung eine wesentliche Rolle spielt. N2 - BLIMP1 is a transcriptional factor that is a key regulator of plasma cell differentiation. To investigate if BLIMP1 is involved in lymphoma genesis, we studied a BLIMP1 expression in normal human lymphoid tissue and in 78 cases of human diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. We found BLIMP1 in plasma cells, a subset of lymphoplasmacytoid GC B-cells (BLIMP1+/Ki67-) and in a population of human reactive large extrafollicular B-cells (BLIMP1+/Ki67+). Generally BLIMP1+ B-cells were CD20-CD138-/+BCL6-PAX5-MUM1+. BLIMP1 was also expressed in 19% (15/78) of DLBCL cases, with both ABC (7/15) and GCB (8/15) subtypes. Importantly, the BLIMP1 expressing lymphoma could be subclassified into molecularly different three categories according to BLIMP1 and BCL6/PAX5 expression profile. In the Type A category ABC-type DLBCL cases were positive for BLIMP1 and negative for BCL6/PAX5. Type B group contained 5 GCB-type tumors with focal BLIMP1 expression. BLIMP1 expressing cells were BCL6-/PAX5-, while remaining lymphoma cells displayed a strong BCL6 and PAX5 expression. In Type C category there were 3 cases with mutually all cells co-expressing BLIMP1 and BCL6, but not PAX5. Additionally, all Type C cases harbored chromosome 3 aberrations involving the region where BCL6 gene is mapped. Importantly, we did not observe any correlation between BLIMP1 expression and aberrations involving chromosome 6q21 – a region where BLIMP1 encoding gene PRDM is mapped.The sequence analysis of BLIMP1 gene in selected 7 cases with 6q21 LOH revealed no mutations. Summarizing, our data suggest that the BLIMP1 induced terminal differentiation program is different in GC and extrafollicular B-cell responses to antigen and not necessarily involves cell cycle arrest in the latter. Importantly, we demonstrated that BLIMP1 is expressed in both ABC and GCB-type DLBCL cases with secretory differentiation, indicating that BLIMP1 is functional in lymphoma cells, but BLIMP1 expression is not sufficient to stop proliferation in DLBCL. Our data imply that in some DLBCL cases the lymphoma cells are able to differentiate to more mature stage and this secretory differentiation is marked by BLIMP1 expression. BLIMP1 is not affected by common TSG inactivation mechanisms in DLBCL and does not seem to play a major role in lymphoma establishment. KW - BLIMP1 KW - Lymphoma KW - B-Zellen Differenzierung KW - BLIMP1 KW - Lymphoma KW - B-cell differentiation Y1 - 2005 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-17877 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chatterjee, Manik A1 - Andrulis, Mindaugas A1 - Stühmer, Thorsten A1 - Müller, Elisabeth A1 - Hofmann, Claudia A1 - Steinbrunn, Torsten A1 - Heimberger, Tanja A1 - Schraud, Heike A1 - Kressmann, Stefanie A1 - Einsele, Hermann A1 - Bargou, Ralf C. T1 - The PI3K/Akt signaling pathway regulates the expression of Hsp70, which critically contributes to Hsp90-chaperone function and tumor cell survival in multiple myeloma JF - Haematologica N2 - Despite therapeutic advances multiple myeloma remains largely incurable, and novel therapeutic concepts are needed. The Hsp90-chaperone is a reasonable therapeutic target, because it maintains oncogenic signaling of multiple deregulated pathways. However, in contrast to promising pre-clinical results, only limited clinical efficacy has been achieved through pharmacological Hsp90 inhibition. Because Hsp70 has been described to interact functionally with the Hsp90-complex, we analyzed the suitability of Hsp72 and Hsp73 as potential additional target sites. Expression of Hsp72 and Hsp73 in myeloma cells was analyzed by immunohistochemical staining and western blotting. Short interfering RNA-mediated knockdown or pharmacological inhibition of Hsp72 and Hsp73 was performed to evaluate the role of these proteins in myeloma cell survival and for Hsp90-chaperone function. Furthermore, the role of PI3K-dependent signaling in constitutive and inducible Hsp70 expression was investigated using short interfering RNA-mediated and pharmacological PI3K inhibition. Hsp72 and Hsp73 were frequently overexpressed in multiple myeloma. Knockdown of Hsp72 and/or Hsp73 or treatment with VER-155008 induced apoptosis of myeloma cells. Hsp72/Hsp73 inhibition decreased protein levels of Hsp90-chaperone clients affecting multiple oncogenic signaling pathways, and acted synergistically with the Hsp90 inhibitor NVP-AUY922 in the induction of death of myeloma cells. Inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/GSK3b pathway with short interfering RNA or PI103 decreased expression of the heat shock transcription factor 1 and down-regulated constitutive and inducible Hsp70 expression. Treatment of myeloma cells with a combination of NVP-AUY922 and PI103 resulted in additive to synergistic cytotoxicity. In conclusion, Hsp72 and Hsp73 sustain Hsp90-haperone function and critically contribute to the survival of myeloma cells. Translation of Hsp70 inhibition into the clinic is therefore highly desirable. Treatment with PI3K inhibitors might represent an alternative therapeutic strategy to target Hsp70. KW - Haematology Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-130574 VL - 98 IS - 7 ER -