TY - THES A1 - Tsaur, Igor T1 - Untersuchungen zum immunologischen Monitoring chronischer Abstoßung bei nierentransplantierten Patienten unter unterschiedlichen immunsuppressiven Protokollen T1 - Specific post transplant T cell monitoring as an early predictive assay for preventing chronic rejection in kidney transplant patients on various immunosuppressive protocols N2 - Heutzutage existieren verschiedene immunsuppressive Protokolle, die bei Patienten nach Nierentransplantation mit dem Ziel der Unterdrückung der immunologischen Abstoßungs-reaktion eingesetzt werden. Welche von diesen Protokollen aber seine Aufgabe am besten verwirklicht, ist bis jetzt noch offen geblieben. Das relativ neue Präparat MMF findet zu-nehmend im klinischen Alltag im Rahmen dieser Therapie seine Verwendung. In dieser Arbeit wurden die Funktionen regulatorischer T-Zellen aus Patienten nach Nierentrans-plantationen unter MMF basierter Immunsuppression untersucht. Sie wurden mit Hilfe verschiedener Verfahren mit dem Ziel charakterisiert, die günstigste immunsuppressive Kombination zu finden und ihre Wirkungen auf zellulärer Ebene zu analysieren. Insgesamt wurde festgestellt, dass die T-Zelllinien aus Patienten mit chronischer Abstoßung vom Th1-Zytokin-Profil und die aus stabilen Patienten vom Th2-Muster geprägt waren. Dies verdeutlicht die Rolle der Th1-Zellen bei der Induktion und Aufrechterhaltung der chroni-schen Abstoßung und die immunregulatorischen Eigenschaften der Th2-Zellen. Alle T-Zelllinien wiesen Spender-Peptid spezifische und signifikante Proliferationsaktivität, wo-bei die Antwort bei den Zelllinien aus chronischen Patienten viel höher ausfiel. Diese Tat-sache weist auf die besondere immunologische Aktivität der Th1-Zellen. Unter den T-Zelllinien aus stabilen Patienten unter Tacrolimus, MMF und Prednisolon wurden viel mehr CD4+CD25+ Zellen mit regulatorischen Eigenschaften beobachtet als bei stabilen Patienten unter anderen therapeutischen Kombinationen, was darauf hinweist, dass dieses Regime insbesondere die regulatorischen T-Zellen fördert. Tatsächlich hat die statistische Analyse des längerfristigen Verlaufs der Transplantatsituation von den Patienten aus dieser Studie gezeigt, dass unter Tacrolimus, MMF und Prednisolon der geringste Anteil an chro-nischen Abstoßungsreaktionen vorkam. Diese Tatsache könnte enorme Bedeutung für die Klinik haben, denn unsere Arbeit beweist erstmals auf zellulärer Ebene, dass gerade diese immunsuppressive Kombination die Toleranzmechanismen am stärksten fördert und somit am besten zum langzeitigen Transplantatüberleben beiträgt, wodurch sie in näherer Zu-kunft das Therapieregime der Wahl werden kann. N2 - Specific post transplant T cell monitoring as an early predictive assay for preventing chronic rejection in kidney transplant patients on various immunosuppressive protocols Chronic allograft rejection remains a major clinical problem in organ transplantation. 107 renal allograft recipients who had received their transplants at least six months earlier and were attending the renal transplant clinic were screened. All patients were on a calcineurin-based immunosuppressive protocol consisting of cyclosporine (CsA)+mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), Tacrolimus (Tac)+MMF or on CsA+Steroid. Patients of specific interest had to be mismatched for one or more of the five candidate HLA-DR antigens for which synthetic peptides were available (DR1, DR2, DR3, DR4, and DR7). Patients with biopsy proven chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN) with an elevated serum creatinine level (≥ 1.6 mg/dl) were compared with patients with stable allograft function (serum creatinine <1.6 mg/dl). T cell lines were generated from peripheral blood lymphocytes of renal transplant recipients using donor-derived HLA-DR peptides presented by self APC. T cell lines generated from patients with CAN produced significant amounts of IFN-, while those generated from stable patients produced IL-10 associated with a low proliferation index in response to the donor-derived mismatched HLA-DR allopeptide in vitro (CR: 24.125  3.256 cpm vs SRF: 4.283  731 cpm). Moreover, increased CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T cells were found in stable patients on Tac+MMF than on CsA+MMF (8.1% vs 4.2% positive cells). Interestingly, a 2-3 fold higher gene expression of CD4, CD25, CTLA-4, Foxp3, GITR, GATA-3, and IL-10 was also observed in those patients. Conclusions: A Th1 (IFN-) alloimmune response is deleterious and promotes chronic rejection, while a Th2 (IL-10) response may have a protective effect. An immunosuppression based on Tac+MMF seems to favor CD4+CD25+Fosp3+ T cells and to allow long term engraftment with stable renal function. Posttransplant specific T cell monitoring seems to be highly predictive for detecting chronic rejection and thus allows early changes in immunosuppressive therapies. KW - regulatorische T-Zellen KW - chronische Abstossung KW - Nierentransplantation KW - Immunsuppression KW - Zytokine KW - regulatory t-cells KW - chronic rejection KW - kidney transplantation KW - immunosuppression KW - cytokines Y1 - 2006 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-23017 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wedel, Steffen A1 - Hudak, Lukasz A1 - Seibel, Jens-Michael A1 - Makarevic, Jasmina A1 - Juengel, Eva A1 - Tsaur, Igor A1 - Waaga-Gasser, Ana A1 - Haferkamp, Axel A1 - Blaheta, Roman A. T1 - Molecular targeting of prostate cancer cells by a triple drug combination down-regulates integrin driven adhesion processes, delays cell cycle progression and interferes with the cdk-cyclin axis JF - BMC Cancer N2 - Background: Single drug use has not achieved satisfactory results in the treatment of prostate cancer, despite application of increasingly widespread targeted therapeutics. In the present study, the combined impact of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-inhibitor RAD001, the dual EGFr and VGEFr tyrosine kinase inhibitor AEE788 and the histone deacetylase (HDAC)-inhibitor valproic acid (VPA) on prostate cancer growth and adhesion in vitro was investigated. Methods: PC-3, DU-145 and LNCaP cells were treated with RAD001, AEE788 or VPA or with a RAD-AEE-VPA combination. Tumor cell growth, cell cycle progression and cell cycle regulating proteins were then investigated by MTT-assay, flow cytometry and western blotting, respectively. Furthermore, tumor cell adhesion to vascular endothelium or to immobilized extracellular matrix proteins as well as migratory properties of the cells was evaluated, and integrin alpha and beta subtypes were analyzed. Finally, effects of drug treatment on cell signaling pathways were determined. Results: All drugs, separately applied, reduced tumor cell adhesion, migration and growth. A much stronger anticancer effect was evoked by the triple drug combination. Particularly, cdk1, 2 and 4 and cyclin B were reduced, whereas p27 was elevated. In addition, simultaneous application of RAD001, AEE788 and VPA altered the membranous, cytoplasmic and gene expression pattern of various integrin alpha and beta subtypes, reduced integrin-linked kinase (ILK) and deactivated focal adhesion kinase (FAK). Signaling analysis revealed that EGFr and the downstream target Akt, as well as p70S6k was distinctly modified in the presence of the drug combination. Conclusions: Simultaneous targeting of several key proteins in prostate cancer cells provides an advantage over targeting a single pathway. Since strong anti-tumor properties became evident with respect to cell growth and adhesion dynamics, the triple drug combination might provide progress in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer. KW - Growth-factor receptor KW - Mammalian target KW - Radical prostatectomy KW - Up-regulation KW - C-MYC KW - Pathway KW - Expression KW - Activation KW - Inhibition KW - Apoptosis Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-141075 VL - 11 IS - 375 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kim, Mia A1 - Grimmig, Tanja A1 - Grimm, Martin A1 - Lazariotou, Maria A1 - Meier, Eva A1 - Rosenwald, Andreas A1 - Tsaur, Igor A1 - Blaheta, Roman A1 - Heemann, Uwe A1 - Germer, Christoph-Thomas A1 - Waaga-Gasser, Ana Maria A1 - Gasser, Martin T1 - Expression of Foxp3 in Colorectal Cancer but Not in Treg Cells Correlates with Disease Progression in Patients with Colorectal Cancer JF - PLoS ONE N2 - Background Measles virus (MV) causes T cell suppression by interference with phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) activation. We previously found that this interference affected the activity of splice regulatory proteins and a T cell inhibitory protein isoform was produced from an alternatively spliced pre-mRNA. Hypothesis Differentially regulated and alternatively splice variant transcripts accumulating in response to PI3K abrogation in T cells potentially encode proteins involved in T cell silencing. Methods To test this hypothesis at the cellular level, we performed a Human Exon 1.0 ST Array on RNAs isolated from T cells stimulated only or stimulated after PI3K inhibition. We developed a simple algorithm based on a splicing index to detect genes that undergo alternative splicing (AS) or are differentially regulated (RG) upon T cell suppression. Results Applying our algorithm to the data, 9% of the genes were assigned as AS, while only 3% were attributed to RG. Though there are overlaps, AS and RG genes differed with regard to functional regulation, and were found to be enriched in different functional groups. AS genes targeted extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction and focal adhesion pathways, while RG genes were mainly enriched in cytokine-receptor interaction and Jak-STAT. When combined, AS/RG dependent alterations targeted pathways essential for T cell receptor signaling, cytoskeletal dynamics and cell cycle entry. Conclusions PI3K abrogation interferes with key T cell activation processes through both differential expression and alternative splicing, which together actively contribute to T cell suppression. KW - T cells KW - gene regulation KW - alternative splicing KW - measles virus KW - T cell receptors KW - reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction KW - TCR signaling cascade KW - cell cycle and cell division Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-130340 VL - 8 IS - 1 ER -