TY - JOUR A1 - Weissenberger, M. A1 - Weissenberger, M. H. A1 - Gilbert, F. A1 - Groll, J. A1 - Evans, C. H. A1 - Steinert, A. F. T1 - Reduced hypertrophy in vitro after chondrogenic differentiation of adult human mesenchymal stem cells following adenoviral SOX9 gene delivery JF - BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders N2 - Background Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) based-treatments of cartilage injury are promising but impaired by high levels of hypertrophy after chondrogenic induction with several bone morphogenetic protein superfamily members (BMPs). As an alternative, this study investigates the chondrogenic induction of MSCs via adenoviral gene-delivery of the transcription factor SOX9 alone or in combination with other inducers, and comparatively explores the levels of hypertrophy and end stage differentiation in a pellet culture system in vitro. Methods First generation adenoviral vectors encoding SOX9, TGFB1 or IGF1 were used alone or in combination to transduce human bone marrow-derived MSCs at 5 x 10\(^2\) infectious particles/cell. Thereafter cells were placed in aggregates and maintained for three weeks in chondrogenic medium. Transgene expression was determined at the protein level (ELISA/Western blot), and aggregates were analysed histologically, immunohistochemically, biochemically and by RT-PCR for chondrogenesis and hypertrophy. Results SOX9 cDNA was superior to that encoding TGFB1, the typical gold standard, as an inducer of chondrogenesis in primary MSCs as evidenced by improved lacuna formation, proteoglycan and collagen type II staining, increased levels of GAG synthesis, and expression of mRNAs associated with chondrogenesis. Moreover, SOX9 modified aggregates showed a markedly lower tendency to progress towards hypertrophy, as judged by expression of the hypertrophy markers alkaline phosphatase, and collagen type X at the mRNA and protein levels. Conclusion Adenoviral SOX9 gene transfer induces chondrogenic differentiation of human primary MSCs in pellet culture more effectively than TGFB1 gene transfer with lower levels of chondrocyte hypertrophy after 3 weeks of in vitro culture. Such technology might enable the formation of more stable hyaline cartilage repair tissues in vivo. KW - Mesenchymal stem cell KW - Cartilage KW - SOX9 KW - Gene therapy KW - Chondrogenesis KW - Hypertrophy KW - Adenovirus KW - Bone marrow Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-229232 VL - 20 ER - TY - THES A1 - Krähnke, Martin T1 - Chondrogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived stromal cells in pellet culture and silk scaffolds for cartilage engineering – Effects of different growth factors and hypoxic conditions T1 - Chondrogene Differenzierung von Stammzellen aus dem Knochenmark in Pelletkultur und Seidenimplantaten für die Knorpelregeneration - Effekte verschiedener Wachstumsfaktoren und hypoxischer Bedingungen N2 - Articular cartilage lesions that occur upon intensive sport, trauma or degenerative disease represent a severe therapeutic problem. At present, osteoarthritis is the most common joint disease worldwide, affecting around 10% of men and 18% of women over 60 years of age (302). The poor self-regeneration capacity of cartilage and the lack of efficient therapeutic treatment options to regenerate durable articular cartilage tissue, provide the rationale for the development of new treatment options based on cartilage tissue engineering approaches (281). The integrated use of cells, biomaterials and growth factors to guide tissue development has the potential to provide functional substitutes of lost or damaged tissues (2,3). For the regeneration of cartilage, the availability of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) or their recruitment into the defect site is fundamental (281). Due to their high proliferation capacity, the possibility to differentiate into chondrocytes and their potential to attract other progenitor cells into the defect site, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) are still regarded as an attractive cell source for cartilage tissue engineering (80). However, in order to successfully engineer cartilage tissue, a better understanding of basic principles of developmental processes and microenvironmental cues that guide chondrogenesis is required. N2 - Verletzungen des Gelenkknorpels, die durch intensiven Sport, Trauma oder degenerative Krankheiten induziert wurden, stellen ein großes therapeutisches Problem dar. Heutzutage ist Arthrose die weltweit häufigste Gelenkerkrankung, die etwa 10% der männlichen und 18% der weiblichen Bevölkerung über 60 Jahre betrifft (302). Die geringe intrinsische Heilungskapazität von Knorpelgewebe und das Fehlen effizienter Behandlungsmethoden, um dauerhaften Gelenkknorpel zu erzeugen, bilden die Grundlage für die Entwicklung neuartiger Behandlungsmethoden auf Basis des Tissue Engineering (281). Hierbei verfügt speziell der integrierte Einsatz von Zellen, Biomaterialien und Wachstumsfaktoren über das Potential zerstörtes oder geschädigtes Gewebe zu ersetzen bzw. die Regeneration von neuem Gewebe zu fördern (2,3). Für die Regeneration von Knorpelgewebe ist vor allem die Verfügbarkeit von mesenchymalen Stammzellen (MSC) und deren Rekrutierung in die Defektzone von großer Bedeutung (281). Aufgrund ihrer hohen Proliferationsrate, der Fähigkeit in Chondrozyten zu differenzieren und des Potentials andere Vorläuferzellen in die Defektzone zu rekrutieren bilden MSCs auch heute noch einen attraktiven Ansatz im Knorpel-Tissue Engineering (80). Eine wichtige Voraussetzung für die erfolgreiche Entwicklung von Knorpelgewebe ist jedoch ein besseres Verständnis der grundlegenden Entwicklungsprozesse und der Einflussfaktoren der Mikroumgebung, die die Chondrogenese regulieren. KW - Hypoxie KW - Knorpelbildung KW - Tissue Engineering KW - Chondrogenesis KW - Hypoxia KW - Tissue Engineering Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-192999 ER -