TY - JOUR A1 - Saudek, František A1 - Cahová, Monika A1 - Havrdová, Terezie A1 - Zacharovová, Klára A1 - Daňková, Helena A1 - Voska, Luděk A1 - Lánská, Věra A1 - Üçeyler, Nurcan A1 - Sommer, Claudia T1 - Preserved Expression of Skin Neurotrophic Factors in Advanced Diabetic Neuropathy Does Not Lead to Neural Regeneration despite Pancreas and Kidney Transplantation JF - Journal of Diabetes Research N2 - Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a common complication of diabetes with potential severe consequences. Its pathogenesis involves hyperglycemia-linked mechanisms, which may include changes in the expression of neurotrophic growth factors. We analyzed the expression of 29 factors potentially related to nerve degeneration and regeneration in skin biopsies from 13 type 1 diabetic pancreas and kidney recipients with severe DPN including severe depletion of intraepidermal nerve fibers (IENF) in lower limb skin biopsies (group Tx1 1st examination). The investigation was repeated after a median 28-month period of normoglycemia achieved by pancreas transplantation (group Tx1 2nd examination). The same tests were performed in 13 stable normoglycemic pancreas and kidney recipients 6-12 years posttransplantation (group Tx2), in 12 matched healthy controls (group HC), and in 12 type 1 diabetic subjects without severe DPN (group DM). Compared to DM and HC groups, we found a significantly higher (p < 0.05-0.001) expression of NGF (nerve growth factor), NGFR (NGF receptor), NTRK1 (neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 1), GDNF (glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor), GFRA1 (GDNF family receptor alpha 1), and GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein) in both transplant groups (Tx1 and Tx2). Enhanced expression of these factors was not normalized following the median 28-month period of normoglycemia (Tx1 2nd examination) and negatively correlated with IENF density and with electrophysiological indices of DPN (vibration perception threshold, electromyography, and autonomic tests). In contrast to our expectation, the expression of most of 29 selected factors related to neural regeneration was comparable in subjects with severe peripheral nerve fiber depletion and healthy controls and the expression of six factors was significantly upregulated. These findings may be important for better understanding the pathophysiology of nerve regeneration and for the development of intervention strategies. KW - Nerve growth-factorcopy KW - Corneal confocal microscopy KW - Factor messenger-RNA KW - Schwann-cells KW - Gene-expression KW - Receptors KW - Identification KW - Innervation KW - Mechanisms KW - Gland Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-227469 VL - 2018 IS - 2309108 ER - TY - THES A1 - Ebinger, Martin T1 - Histologie und Funktion der Kniegelenksinnervation der Maus T1 - Histology and Function of the Innervation of the Mouse Knee Joint N2 - Die Kniegelenksinnervation von 6 Mäusen wurde elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. Der Mediale Artikuläre Nerv (MAN) enthielt durchschnittlich 75 Nervenfasern, 63 unmyelinisierte und 12 myelinisierte (Durchmesser 1 bis 8 µm, Maximum zwischen 2 und 5 µm). Der Posteriore Artikuläre Nerv (PAN) bestand durchschnittlich aus 195 Nervenfasern, 129 unmyelinisierte und 66 myelinisierte (Durchmesser zwischen 1 und 12 µm, Maximum bei 4 bis 5 µm). Diese Daten sprechen für eine weitgehende histologische Vergleichbarkeit der Kniegelenksinnervation bei Maus, Ratte und Katze. Lediglich die Anzahl der Nervenfasern ist bei der im Verhältnis kleineren Maus geringer. Spinalganglienzellen von 10 Mäusen wurden mittels hypoosmolarer Lösung gedehnt. Schwankungen der intrazellulären Kalzium-Konzentrationen und elektrophysiologische Veränderungen wurden dabei registriert (Calcium-Imaging und Patch-Clamp). Die primär sensorischen Neuronen, die nicht an der Kniegelenksinnervation beteiligt waren, konnten in schnell, langsam und nicht reagierende Subpopulationen unterteilt werden. Die Beobachtungen an den retrograd markierten Kniegelnksafferenzen erlaubten eine solche Differenzierung nicht. Die Reizung mit Capsaicin zeigte, dass es sich bei den mechanosensitiven Kniegelenksafferenzen selten um polymodale Nozizeptoren handelte. N2 - The innervation of the knee joint of 6 mice was studied with an electronic microscope. The medial articular nerve (MAN) contained an average of 75 nervefibres, 63 unmyelinated and 12 myelinated(diameter of 1 to 8 µm, peak at 2 and 5 µm). The posterior articular nerve (PAN) contained an average of 195 nervefibres, 129 unmyelinated und 66 myelinated (diameter of 1 to 12, peak at 4 to 5 µm). These data hint to a similarity of the knee joint innervation of cat, rat and mouse. Only the number of the nervefibres seems to differ according to the specie's size. The Dorsal Root Ganglia (DRG) of ten mice were stretched by exposure to a hypoosmotic solution. Changes in the concentrations of intracellular calcium and in electrophysiological properties were registred (calcium-imaging and patch-clamp). The primary sensory neurons, that did not take part in the knee joint innervation, could be divided in fast, slow and not responding groups. This differentiation was not feasible for the retrogradely labeled neurons innervating the knee joint. Stimulation with Capsaicin showed, that mechanosensitive primary sensory neurons of the knee joint were rarely polymodal nociceptors. KW - Maus KW - Knie KW - Innervation KW - Mechanotransduktion KW - calcium-imaging KW - Mouse KW - knee KW - innervation KW - mechanotransduction KW - calcium-imaging Y1 - 2002 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-3745 ER -