TY - JOUR A1 - Jellinghaus, Katharina A1 - Scherer, Charlotte A1 - Stauffer, Edouard A1 - Urban, Petra A1 - Bohnert, Michael A1 - Kneubuehl, Beat P. T1 - Deadly injuries through recoilless anti-tank weapons while military shooting practice — two case studies from Germany and Switzerland JF - International Journal of Legal Medicine N2 - In this casuistry, two accidents from Germany and Switzerland are presented that happened during the shot of recoilless anti-tankweapons. In both cases, the injuries led to the death of two soldiers: A 22-year-old soldier in Germany was struck by the countermass of a so-called Davis gun which had been fired by a comrade during a firing exercise; he died from his severe injuries,especially in the abdominal part of the body. As a peculiarity of the wound morphology, it was found to be a thick-layered,metallic, gray material in the wound cavity, which corresponded to the material of the counter mass that was ejected opposite tothe shooting direction. The other case took place in Switzerland, where a 24-year-old soldier was seriously injured during anexercise with portable anti-tank rockets. At the time the shot was fired, he stood behind the launcher and was hit by the propulsionjet of the rocket motor. He died as well from his severe injuries, which were located at the chest done by the gas jet and by the veryhigh pressure. In both cases, two different causes of death were present: massive blunt violence in the first case versus a jet of hotgases of very high speed and temperature in the second case. KW - Anti-tank weapon KW - Military shooting KW - Davis gun KW - Anti-tank rocket KW - Ballistics Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-232727 SN - 0937-9827 VL - 134 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bohnert, Simone A1 - Seiffert, Anja A1 - Trella, Stefanie A1 - Bohnert, Michael A1 - Distel, Luitpold A1 - Ondruschka, Benjamin A1 - Monoranu, Camelia-Marie T1 - TMEM119 as a specific marker of microglia reaction in traumatic brain injury in postmortem examination JF - International Journal of Legal Medicine N2 - The aim of the present study was a refined analysis of neuroinflammation including TMEM119 as a useful microglia-specific marker in forensic assessments of traumatic causes of death, e.g., traumatic brain injury (TBI). Human brain tissue samples were obtained from autopsies and divided into cases with lethal TBI (n = 25) and subdivided into three groups according to their trauma survival time and compared with an age-, gender-, and postmortem interval-matched cohort of sudden cardiovascular fatalities as controls (n = 23). Brain tissue samples next to cortex contusions and surrounding white matter as well as samples of the ipsilateral uninjured brain stem and cerebellum were collected and stained immunohistochemically with antibodies against TMEM119, CD206, and CCR2. We could document the highest number of TMEM119-positive cells in acute TBI death with highly significant differences to the control numbers. CCR2-positive monocytes showed a significantly higher cell count in the cortex samples of TBI cases than in the controls with an increasing number of immunopositive cells over time. The number of CD206-positive M2 microglial cells increased survival time-dependent. After 3 days of survival, the cell number increased significantly in all four regions investigated compared with controls. In sum, we validate a specific and robustly expressed as well as fast reacting microglia marker, TMEM119, which distinguishes microglia from resident and infiltrating macrophages and thus offers a great potential for the estimation of the minimum survival time after TBI. KW - cerebrospinal fluid KW - forensic neuropathology KW - forensic neurotraumatology KW - immunohistochemistry KW - biomarker Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-235346 SN - 0937-9827 VL - 134 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jellinghaus, K. A1 - Matin, S. A1 - Urban, P. A1 - Bohnert, M. A1 - Jantz, R. T1 - Study of the K-S distance on skulls from different modern populations for sex and ancestry determination JF - Rechtsmedizin N2 - In forensic science determination of the origin and sex of skeletal remains is an important task for identification purposes. In this study we investigated the krotaphion-sphenion distance (K‑S distance) in the pterion region of German, Euro-American, African-American and Rwandan skulls of modern individuals from the nineteenth to the twenty-first century to look for statistically significant differences in sex and ancestry. We found a statistically significant sex-specific difference in the K‑S distance, which was greater in male skulls than in female skulls for both sides of the skull. Our study also showed that there is a statistically significant difference in the K‑S distance between the four populations studied. Landmarks and morphometric parameters measured in our investigations, which were not used for the present examination were provided to the software program Fordisc for its reference data to enhance the range of its usability for identification of unknown skulls or partial skulls of European individuals. N2 - Bei der forensischen Begutachtung zur Identifizierung unbekannter Skelettfunde spielen Herkunftsanlaysen und Geschlechtsbestimmungen eine bedeutende Rolle. In unserer Studie an euroamerikanischen, afroamerikanischen, ruandischen und deutschen Schädeln untersuchte unsere Arbeitsgruppe die sog. Krotaphion-Sphenion-Distanz in der Pterion Region am menschlichen Schädel, um geschlechts- und herkunftsspezifische Unterschiede näher zu beleuchten. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen einen signifikanten Unterschied in der K‑S-Distanz: Männliche Individuen zeigten auf beiden Seiten des Schädels signifikant größere Werte als weibliche Individuen, des Weiteren waren signifikante Unterschiede unter den vier untersuchten Populationen festzustellen. Die weiteren, im Rahmen der Studie gemessenen, jedoch für die vorliegende Auswertung nicht verwendeten Landmarken und morphometrischen Parameter der Schädel gingen in die Datenbank für die Identifizierungs-Software Fordisc ein, um deren Datengrundlage und damit Nutzbarkeit zur Identifikation unbekannter Schädel oder Schädelteile europäischer Individuen zu verbessern. KW - forensic anthropology KW - forensic osteology KW - identification KW - gender KW - landmarks KW - Forensische Anthropologie KW - Forensische Osteologie KW - Identifizierung KW - Geschlechtsbestimmung KW - Landmarken Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-235185 SN - 0937-9819 VL - 30 ER -