TY - JOUR A1 - Kolling, Markus A1 - Backhaus, Joy A1 - Hofmann, Norbert A1 - Keß, Stefan A1 - Krastl, Gabriel A1 - Soliman, Sebastian A1 - König, Sarah T1 - Students’ perception of three-dimensionally printed teeth in endodontic training JF - European Journal of Dental Education N2 - Introduction In endodontic education, there is a need for thorough training prior to students embarking on clinical treatment. The aim of this study was to use three-dimensional printing technology to create a new model and to compare its suitability for training purposes with resin blocks and extracted teeth. Materials and Methods Multi-jet-modelling (MJM) produced the 3D model replicating a common difficulty in root-canal morphology. An evaluation study comprising 88 students was run in the sixth semester (summer 2018 and winter 2018/2019). A new questionnaire assessed students’ perception of training models and educational environment. Welch's t-test analysed significant differences. Results The most pronounced differences between models were noted when rating material hardness, radiopacity, root-canal configuration and suitability for practising. Students estimated their learning outcome as greater with 3D-printed teeth compared to resin blocks. Three-dimensionally printed teeth received significantly lower ratings with regard to enthusiasm, the learning of fine motor skills and spatial awareness, when compared to human teeth (p ≤ .001). However, 3D-printed teeth were appreciated for additional benefits, such as their cleanliness, availability and standardisation of training opportunities with complex root-canal configurations. Conclusion Students preferred extracted human teeth to 3D-printed teeth with respect to their physical characteristics and training experience. However, educational advantages may compensate for the shortcomings. The new questionnaire proved both adequate and accurate to assess the models and educational environment in endodontic training. The new 3D-printed teeth enhanced the learning opportunities. KW - 3D-printed tooth KW - three-dimensional printing KW - teaching materials KW - root-canal treatment KW - endodontics KW - dental education Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-318676 VL - 26 IS - 4 SP - 653 EP - 661 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Westphale, Silke A1 - Backhaus, Joy A1 - Koenig, Sarah T1 - Quantifying teaching quality in medical education: The impact of learning gain calculation JF - Medical Education N2 - Background Student performance is a mirror of teaching quality. The pre-/post-test design allows a pragmatic approach to comparing the effects of interventions. However, the calculation of current knowledge gain scores introduces varying degrees of distortion. Here we present a new metric employing a linear weighting coefficient to reduce skewness on outcome interpretation. Methods We compared and contrasted a number of common scores (raw and relative gain scores) with our new method on two datasets, one simulated and the other empirical from a previous intervention study (n = 180) employing a pre-/post-test design. Results The outcomes of the common scores were clearly different, demonstrating a significant dependency on pre-test scores. Only the new metric revealed a linear relationship to the knowledge baseline, was less skewed on the upper or lower extremes, and proved well suited to allow the calculation of negative learning gains. Employing the empirical dataset, the new method also confirmed the interaction effect of teaching formats with specific subgroups of learner characteristics. Conclusion This work introduces a new weighted metric enabling meaningful comparisons between interventions based on a linear transformation. This method will form the basis to intertwine the calculation of test performance closely with the outcome of learning as an important factor reflecting teaching quality and efficacy. Its regular use can improve the transparency of teaching activities and outcomes, contribute to forming rounded judgements of students' acquisition of knowledge and skills and enable valuable feedforward to develop and enhance curricular concepts. KW - medical education KW - teaching quality KW - student performance KW - comparison Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-259576 VL - 56 IS - 3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kann, Simone A1 - Bruennert, Daniela A1 - Hansen, Jessica A1 - Concha Mendoza, Gustavo Andrés A1 - Crespo Gonzalez, José José A1 - Armenta Quintero, Cielo Leonor A1 - Hanke, Miriam A1 - Hagen, Ralf Matthias A1 - Backhaus, Joy A1 - Frickmann, Hagen T1 - High prevalence of intestinal pathogens in Indigenous in Colombia JF - Journal of Clinical Medicine N2 - Background: Intestinal infections remain a major public health burden in developing countries. Due to social, ecological, environmental, and cultural conditions, Indigenous peoples in Colombia are at particularly high risk. Materials: 137 stool samples were analyzed by microscopy and real-time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR), targeting protozoan parasites (Giardia intestinalis, Entamoeba histolytica, Cryptosporidium spp., and Cyclospora cayetanensis), bacteria (Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella spp., Shigella ssp./enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC), Yersinia spp., enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), enterotoxin-producing E. coli (ETEC), enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC), and Tropheryma whipplei), and helminths (Necator americanus, Strongyloides stercoralis, Ascaris lumbricoides, Ancylostoma spp., Trichuris. trichiura, Taenia spp., Hymenolepis nana, Enterobius vermicularis, and Schistosoma spp.). Microscopy found additional cases of helminth infections. Results: At least one pathogen was detected in 93% of the samples. The overall results revealed protozoa in 79%, helminths in 69%, and bacteria in 41%. G. intestinalis (48%), Necator/hookworm (27%), and EAEC (68%) were the most common in each group. Noteworthy, T. whipplei was positive in 7% and T. trichirua in 23% of the samples. A significant association of one infection promoting the other was determined for G. intestinalis and C. jejuni, helminth infections, and EIEC. Conclusions: The results illustrate the high burden of gastrointestinal pathogens among Indigenous peoples compared to other developing countries. Countermeasures are urgently required. KW - protozoa infections KW - helminthes KW - bacterial infections KW - gastrointestinal infection Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-211289 SN - 2077-0383 VL - 9 IS - 9 ER -